Pub Date : 2016-04-26DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000E139
A. Gallo, E. Tosti
Ocean acidification (OA) is a process induced by a change in the chemistry of carbonate. In normal situations carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced by either photosynthesis and respiration and in long term scale by geological processes, however the excess of CO2 generated by fuel burning and industries and released in the atmosphere is uptaken and stored in the oceans [2]. Such dissolved CO2 into the water surface is progressively creating a pH gradient towards more acidic conditions ultimately resulting in a generalized pH decline. pH of coastal marine waters varies of about 0.5 units in physiological conditions, however different conditions as seasonality, circadian cycles and runoff may strongly influence pH oscillations. At present, scientific community is alarming since it has been predicted that mean global pH will decrease of about 0.5 units within 2,100 generating a diffused OA. Furthermore OA will be accompanied by a generalized global warming [3] and changes of other parameters such as salinity and available oxygen. These multistress conditions may seriously threat marine species that live and reproduce along the coasts inducing pronounced deleterious effects on structure and functions of marine ecosystems.
{"title":"Adverse Effect of Ocean Acidification on Marine Organisms","authors":"A. Gallo, E. Tosti","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000E139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000E139","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean acidification (OA) is a process induced by a change in the chemistry of carbonate. In normal situations carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced by either photosynthesis and respiration and in long term scale by geological processes, however the excess of CO2 generated by fuel burning and industries and released in the atmosphere is uptaken and stored in the oceans [2]. Such dissolved CO2 into the water surface is progressively creating a pH gradient towards more acidic conditions ultimately resulting in a generalized pH decline. pH of coastal marine waters varies of about 0.5 units in physiological conditions, however different conditions as seasonality, circadian cycles and runoff may strongly influence pH oscillations. At present, scientific community is alarming since it has been predicted that mean global pH will decrease of about 0.5 units within 2,100 generating a diffused OA. Furthermore OA will be accompanied by a generalized global warming [3] and changes of other parameters such as salinity and available oxygen. These multistress conditions may seriously threat marine species that live and reproduce along the coasts inducing pronounced deleterious effects on structure and functions of marine ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121766415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-28DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000188
C. P. Madenjian, O. Jensen, D. Krabbenhoft, J. DeWild, J. Ogorek, Anthony R. Vastano
Patterns in the relative differences in contaminant concentrations between the sexes of mature fish may reveal important behavioral and physiological differences between the sexes. We determined whole-fish total mercury (Hg) concentrations in 23 female summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) and 27 male summer flounder from New Jersey coastal waters. To estimate the change in Hg concentration due to release of eggs at spawning, Hg concentration in the somatic tissue and ovaries of 5 of the 23 female summer flounder were also determined. To ascertain whether most of the Hg in the summer flounder was methylmercury (MeHg), whole-fish MeHg concentrations were determined in all 50 summer flounder. Whole-fish Hg concentrations averaged 113 ng/g for females and 111 ng/g for males. Thus, females were 2% higher in Hg concentration than males, on average, but the difference was not statistically significant. Based on Hg determinations in the somatic tissue and ovaries, we predicted that Hg concentration of females would increase by 3.7%, on average, immediately after spawning due to release of eggs. On average, 92% of the Hg in the summer flounder was MeHg. To determine whether the effect of sex on Hg concentration was significantly different from the effect of sex on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentration, we paired our Hg determinations with PCB determinations from a previous study, and applied regression analysis. Sex significantly interacted with contaminant type (Hg or PCBs), as males were 43% higher in PCB concentration than females, whereas females were 2% higher in Hg concentration than males. Males eliminating Hg from their bodies at a faster rate than females was a likely explanation for this discrepancy between the two contaminant types. Overall, the Hg and PCB concentrations in the summer flounder were relatively low, and therefore our findings also had implications for continued operation of the summer flounder fishery.
{"title":"Mercury accumulation and the mercury-PCB-sex interaction in summer flounder","authors":"C. P. Madenjian, O. Jensen, D. Krabbenhoft, J. DeWild, J. Ogorek, Anthony R. Vastano","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000188","url":null,"abstract":"Patterns in the relative differences in contaminant concentrations between the sexes of mature fish may reveal important behavioral and physiological differences between the sexes. We determined whole-fish total mercury (Hg) concentrations in 23 female summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) and 27 male summer flounder from New Jersey coastal waters. To estimate the change in Hg concentration due to release of eggs at spawning, Hg concentration in the somatic tissue and ovaries of 5 of the 23 female summer flounder were also determined. To ascertain whether most of the Hg in the summer flounder was methylmercury (MeHg), whole-fish MeHg concentrations were determined in all 50 summer flounder. Whole-fish Hg concentrations averaged 113 ng/g for females and 111 ng/g for males. Thus, females were 2% higher in Hg concentration than males, on average, but the difference was not statistically significant. Based on Hg determinations in the somatic tissue and ovaries, we predicted that Hg concentration of females would increase by 3.7%, on average, immediately after spawning due to release of eggs. On average, 92% of the Hg in the summer flounder was MeHg. To determine whether the effect of sex on Hg concentration was significantly different from the effect of sex on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentration, we paired our Hg determinations with PCB determinations from a previous study, and applied regression analysis. Sex significantly interacted with contaminant type (Hg or PCBs), as males were 43% higher in PCB concentration than females, whereas females were 2% higher in Hg concentration than males. Males eliminating Hg from their bodies at a faster rate than females was a likely explanation for this discrepancy between the two contaminant types. Overall, the Hg and PCB concentrations in the summer flounder were relatively low, and therefore our findings also had implications for continued operation of the summer flounder fishery.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128025981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-07DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000186
Youssouf Mo, M. Laurent, C. Xavier
The sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL-a) were analysed in the Gulf of Tadjourah from two set of 8-day composite satellite data, respectively from 2008 to 2012 and from 2005 to 2011. A singular spectrum analysis (SSA) shows that the annual cycle of SST is strong (74.3% of variance) and consists of warming (April-October) and cooling (November-March) of about 2.5C than the long-term average. The semi-annual cycle captures only 14.6% of temperature variance and emphasises the drop of SST during July-August. Similarly, the annual cycle of CHL-a (29.7% of variance) depicts high CHL-a from June to October and low concentration from November to May. In addition, the first spatial empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of SST (93% of variance) shows that the seasonal warming/cooling is in phase across the whole study area but the southeastern part always remaining warmer or cooler. In contrast to the SST, the first EOF of CHL-a (54.1% of variance) indicates the continental shelf in phase opposition with the offshore area in winter during which the CHL-a remains sequestrated in the coastal area particularly in the south-east and in the Ghoubet Al-Kharab Bay. Inversely during summer, higher CHL-a quantities appear in the offshore waters. In order to investigate processes generating these patterns, a multichannel spectrum analysis was applied to a set of oceanic (SST, CHL-a) and atmospheric parameters (wind speed, air temperature and air specific humidity). This analysis shows that the SST is well correlated to the atmospheric parameters at an annual scale. The windowed cross correlation indicates that this correlation is significant only from October to May. During this period, the warming was related to the solar heating of the surface water when the wind is low (April-May and October) while the cooling (November-March) was linked to the strong and cold North-East winds and to convective mixing. The summer drop in SST followed by a peak of CHL-a, seems strongly correlated to the upwelling. The second EOF modes of SST and CHL-a explain respectively 1.3% and 5% of the variance and show an east-west gradient during winter that is reversed during summer. This work showed that the seasonal signals have a wide spatial influence and dominate the variability of the SST and CHL-a while the east-west gradient are specific for the Gulf of Tadjourah and seem induced by the local wind modulated by the topography.
{"title":"Statistical Analysis of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-a Concentration Patterns in the Gulf of Tadjourah (Djibouti)","authors":"Youssouf Mo, M. Laurent, C. Xavier","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000186","url":null,"abstract":"The sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL-a) were analysed in the Gulf of Tadjourah from two set of 8-day composite satellite data, respectively from 2008 to 2012 and from 2005 to 2011. A singular spectrum analysis (SSA) shows that the annual cycle of SST is strong (74.3% of variance) and consists of warming (April-October) and cooling (November-March) of about 2.5C than the long-term average. The semi-annual cycle captures only 14.6% of temperature variance and emphasises the drop of SST during July-August. Similarly, the annual cycle of CHL-a (29.7% of variance) depicts high CHL-a from June to October and low concentration from November to May. In addition, the first spatial empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of SST (93% of variance) shows that the seasonal warming/cooling is in phase across the whole study area but the southeastern part always remaining warmer or cooler. In contrast to the SST, the first EOF of CHL-a (54.1% of variance) indicates the continental shelf in phase opposition with the offshore area in winter during which the CHL-a remains sequestrated in the coastal area particularly in the south-east and in the Ghoubet Al-Kharab Bay. Inversely during summer, higher CHL-a quantities appear in the offshore waters. In order to investigate processes generating these patterns, a multichannel spectrum analysis was applied to a set of oceanic (SST, CHL-a) and atmospheric parameters (wind speed, air temperature and air specific humidity). This analysis shows that the SST is well correlated to the atmospheric parameters at an annual scale. The windowed cross correlation indicates that this correlation is significant only from October to May. During this period, the warming was related to the solar heating of the surface water when the wind is low (April-May and October) while the cooling (November-March) was linked to the strong and cold North-East winds and to convective mixing. The summer drop in SST followed by a peak of CHL-a, seems strongly correlated to the upwelling. The second EOF modes of SST and CHL-a explain respectively 1.3% and 5% of the variance and show an east-west gradient during winter that is reversed during summer. This work showed that the seasonal signals have a wide spatial influence and dominate the variability of the SST and CHL-a while the east-west gradient are specific for the Gulf of Tadjourah and seem induced by the local wind modulated by the topography.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123488267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-29DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000185
M. Laport, Juliana F Santos-G, Elman, G. Muricy, M. Giambiagi-deMarval, I. George
Marine sponges are sessile and filter-feeding organisms that harbor dense and diverse microbial communities of considerable ecological and biotechnological importance. They represent an important target for the study of bacterial interactions in marine ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of antagonistic interactions among the culturable microbial communities associated with sponges from the Brazilian coast. The specimens were collected over six years at Cagarras Archipelago, Praia Vermelha Beach and Urca square, Rio de Janeiro State, SE Brazil. Fifty-six bacterial isolates representing four classes of cultivable sponge-associated bacteria were studied for their ability to produce inhibitory substances. Antagonistic interactions occurred among isolates from both, the same and different sponge species. Most isolates (98.2%) were able to inhibit growth of at least one indicator bacterium. In contrast, there were few antagonistic interactions among bacteria obtained from the same sponge specimen. Our results suggest that chemical antagonism could play a significant role in shaping the bacterial communities within sponge tissues.
{"title":"Antagonistic Interactions among Bacteria Isolated from either the Same or from Different Sponges Native to the Brazilian Coast","authors":"M. Laport, Juliana F Santos-G, Elman, G. Muricy, M. Giambiagi-deMarval, I. George","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"Marine sponges are sessile and filter-feeding organisms that harbor dense and diverse microbial communities of considerable ecological and biotechnological importance. They represent an important target for the study of bacterial interactions in marine ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of antagonistic interactions among the culturable microbial communities associated with sponges from the Brazilian coast. The specimens were collected over six years at Cagarras Archipelago, Praia Vermelha Beach and Urca square, Rio de Janeiro State, SE Brazil. Fifty-six bacterial isolates representing four classes of cultivable sponge-associated bacteria were studied for their ability to produce inhibitory substances. Antagonistic interactions occurred among isolates from both, the same and different sponge species. Most isolates (98.2%) were able to inhibit growth of at least one indicator bacterium. In contrast, there were few antagonistic interactions among bacteria obtained from the same sponge specimen. Our results suggest that chemical antagonism could play a significant role in shaping the bacterial communities within sponge tissues.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127057987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-22DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000184
S. Arularasan, M. Viswanathan, Venmathi Maran Ba, G. Zaman, M. rashekar
Using morphological traits including weight, the genetic group effect in three varieties of Turbinella pyrum was determined. A total of 300 T. pyrum individuals (100 per variety) were used. The morphometric analysis showed that the shell outer lip thickness and operculum width were found to be significantly different in between the three varieties of T. pyrum. The study also showed that the shell length, body whorl length and operculum length significantly differed in between G1 (var. obtusa) and G2 (var. acuta synonymous T. rapa) and shell width differed significantly in between G2 (var. acuta) and G3 (var. globosa). The effect of genetic group on the shell depth and adult animal weight were found to be non-significant. The observed mean length, width and depth in G1 genetic group (var. obtusa) supports its higher market value in comparison to the other two genetic groups studied. This variety has moderate lip thickness, which may be another reason for its higher demand in bangle industry than the other two genetic groups. The G2 (var. acuta) and G3 (var. globosa) genetic groups although comparatively larger, have a disproportionate body size then G1 (var. obtusa). The standardized shell morphological characters in present study are helpful to draw primary guidelines for identification of three T. pyrum varieties studied. The present morphometry data on T. pyrum varieties also plays key role for species description and also for their domestication.
{"title":"Variation in Shell Morphology and Adult Specimen Weight in Three Varieties of a Commercially Important Gastropod Turbinella Pyrum (Linnaeus, 1767) From Southeast Coast of India","authors":"S. Arularasan, M. Viswanathan, Venmathi Maran Ba, G. Zaman, M. rashekar","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000184","url":null,"abstract":"Using morphological traits including weight, the genetic group effect in three varieties of Turbinella pyrum was determined. A total of 300 T. pyrum individuals (100 per variety) were used. The morphometric analysis showed that the shell outer lip thickness and operculum width were found to be significantly different in between the three varieties of T. pyrum. The study also showed that the shell length, body whorl length and operculum length significantly differed in between G1 (var. obtusa) and G2 (var. acuta synonymous T. rapa) and shell width differed significantly in between G2 (var. acuta) and G3 (var. globosa). The effect of genetic group on the shell depth and adult animal weight were found to be non-significant. The observed mean length, width and depth in G1 genetic group (var. obtusa) supports its higher market value in comparison to the other two genetic groups studied. This variety has moderate lip thickness, which may be another reason for its higher demand in bangle industry than the other two genetic groups. The G2 (var. acuta) and G3 (var. globosa) genetic groups although comparatively larger, have a disproportionate body size then G1 (var. obtusa). The standardized shell morphological characters in present study are helpful to draw primary guidelines for identification of three T. pyrum varieties studied. The present morphometry data on T. pyrum varieties also plays key role for species description and also for their domestication.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132681332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-29DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000179
George Schroeder, S. Bates, J. Spallino
Human consumption of shellfish and certain finfish contaminated with the neurotoxin domoic acid causes Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP), a syndrome that results in preventable morbidity and mortality [1-5]. Although the incidence of ASP is rare around the world due to careful monitoring by government agencies since the original incident in 1987, patients can still present with clinical symptoms (Table 1) that may not be known to physicians. Hence, the goal of this report is to provide information to clinicians, along with relevant background material about the biological source of the neurotoxin.
{"title":"Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning: Emergency Medical Management","authors":"George Schroeder, S. Bates, J. Spallino","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000179","url":null,"abstract":"Human consumption of shellfish and certain finfish contaminated with the neurotoxin domoic acid causes Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP), a syndrome that results in preventable morbidity and mortality [1-5]. Although the incidence of ASP is rare around the world due to careful monitoring by government agencies since the original incident in 1987, patients can still present with clinical symptoms (Table 1) that may not be known to physicians. Hence, the goal of this report is to provide information to clinicians, along with relevant background material about the biological source of the neurotoxin.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126585106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-22DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000178
A. Mondal, D. Chakravortty, S. Mandal, SB Bhattacharyya, A. Mitra
Feeding ecology and prey preference of Mugil cephalus reared in extensive brackish water farming system was studied based on monthly examination of stomach contents over a period of 10 months (February-November, 2014). Feeding intensity, planktonic constituents in water and food constituents in the stomach were estimated numerically. The percentage compositions of food items in the stomach falling under different groups were then compared with that of fish pond to evaluate prey preferences. Lower feeding intensity was observed during the initial months which gradually increased as the fish’s grew. The dominant phytoplankton groups in pond water according to the order of dominance were Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Myxophyceae. Most abundant zooplankton group was Dinoflagellates followed by Copepods. The main phytoplankton groups found in the stomach according to the order of dominance were Bacillarophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Myxophyceae. Dominant zooplankton group in the stomachs were Dinoflagellets followed by copepods. Prey preference analysis revealed that M. Cephalus actively selected Bacillariophyceae as most preferred food material. Myxophyceae was also selected as second preference. Chlorophyceae was not at all selected and was probably swallowed mechanically during intake of other food stuffs. True positive selection of copepods during initial months of rearing indicates preference by M. cephalus juveniles.
{"title":"Feeding Ecology and Prey Preference of Grey Mullet, Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Extensive Brackish Water Farming System","authors":"A. Mondal, D. Chakravortty, S. Mandal, SB Bhattacharyya, A. Mitra","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000178","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding ecology and prey preference of Mugil cephalus reared in extensive brackish water farming system was studied based on monthly examination of stomach contents over a period of 10 months (February-November, 2014). Feeding intensity, planktonic constituents in water and food constituents in the stomach were estimated numerically. The percentage compositions of food items in the stomach falling under different groups were then compared with that of fish pond to evaluate prey preferences. Lower feeding intensity was observed during the initial months which gradually increased as the fish’s grew. The dominant phytoplankton groups in pond water according to the order of dominance were Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Myxophyceae. Most abundant zooplankton group was Dinoflagellates followed by Copepods. The main phytoplankton groups found in the stomach according to the order of dominance were Bacillarophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Myxophyceae. Dominant zooplankton group in the stomachs were Dinoflagellets followed by copepods. Prey preference analysis revealed that M. Cephalus actively selected Bacillariophyceae as most preferred food material. Myxophyceae was also selected as second preference. Chlorophyceae was not at all selected and was probably swallowed mechanically during intake of other food stuffs. True positive selection of copepods during initial months of rearing indicates preference by M. cephalus juveniles.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125957317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-11DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000176
Aliyu H Dan’Agalan, J. Potts, T. Goodhead, C. Day
Offshore marine living and non-living resources straddling disputed areas of maritime boundary claims have been known to lead to the establishment of joint development zones by disputing states with a view to resolving such disputes in line with the provisions of Article 74(3) of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea III. Subsequently, the issue of straddling or highly migratory fish stocks led to the enactment of the 1995 United Nations Agreement for the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Stocks upon realization of the failure of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) III to address it. However, practical implementation of ‘The Agreement’ revealed a number of challenges that appeared to impede its success across various international regimes. These had detrimental consequences for the sustainable management of marine living resources. A new innovative approach is presented here for the resolution of the issues associated with migratory fishery stocks under a shared management arrangement. This arrangement is between Nigeria and Sao Tome & Principe based on an area of overlap observed during the delineation of their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ). The area of overlap has been designated as a Joint Development Zone (JDZ) and placed under a management arrangement of a Joint Development Authority (JDA). It is proposed to legitimately encroach upon each of the two nations’ state EEZ such that potential issues of jurisdiction will be more effectively addressed. This will help strengthen the institutional relationships and cooperation between the two nations’ institutions in line with the principles and objectives of UNCLOS III and Chapter 17, Agenda 21 respectively. The approach is expected to prove useful to other similar management arrangements.
{"title":"Innovative Policy Options for Shared Marine Fishery Resource Management: Lessons from the Nigeria-sao Tome & Principe Joint Development Zone","authors":"Aliyu H Dan’Agalan, J. Potts, T. Goodhead, C. Day","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000176","url":null,"abstract":"Offshore marine living and non-living resources straddling disputed areas of maritime boundary claims have been known to lead to the establishment of joint development zones by disputing states with a view to resolving such disputes in line with the provisions of Article 74(3) of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea III. Subsequently, the issue of straddling or highly migratory fish stocks led to the enactment of the 1995 United Nations Agreement for the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Stocks upon realization of the failure of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) III to address it. However, practical implementation of ‘The Agreement’ revealed a number of challenges that appeared to impede its success across various international regimes. These had detrimental consequences for the sustainable management of marine living resources. A new innovative approach is presented here for the resolution of the issues associated with migratory fishery stocks under a shared management arrangement. This arrangement is between Nigeria and Sao Tome & Principe based on an area of overlap observed during the delineation of their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ). The area of overlap has been designated as a Joint Development Zone (JDZ) and placed under a management arrangement of a Joint Development Authority (JDA). It is proposed to legitimately encroach upon each of the two nations’ state EEZ such that potential issues of jurisdiction will be more effectively addressed. This will help strengthen the institutional relationships and cooperation between the two nations’ institutions in line with the principles and objectives of UNCLOS III and Chapter 17, Agenda 21 respectively. The approach is expected to prove useful to other similar management arrangements.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121327040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-10DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000177
C. Tepper, Sophia C. Gaynor
Two main growth forms of Millepora (fire coral) are present around the islands of The Bahamas: one exhibits a strong, blade-like structure, Millepora complanata, and the other possesses a delicate branch-like structure, Millepora alcicornis. The phylogenetic relationship of these corals has been under considerable debate for over a century due to the existence of a wide-range of intermediate growth forms. Recent genetic analysis using ribosomal DNA (rDNA) suggests the existence of two distinct reproductively isolated cryptic clades that are independent of morphology (1). However, using repeated rDNA sequences for phylogenetic construction can lead to false phylogenies if repeated sequences have not undergone concerted evolution, a process involving homogenization of individual repeats of a multigene family. We analyzed twenty rDNA clones isolated from a single bladed Millepora colony and found that although variant rDNA sequences were present, rDNA appears to be largely homogenized.
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Pub Date : 2015-12-07DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000175
Kwaansa-Ansah Ee, D. Agyemang, F. Opoku
Birds as high consumers and account for accumulative processes in marine pollution accumulate contaminants such as mercury (Hg). Therefore, in this study, the concentration of total mercury (THg) in ten (10) different tissues of Ardea cinerea from the Volta Lake, Ghana was measured. The THg concentrations in Ardea cinerea tissues follow the order: lungs
{"title":"Mercury in Different Tissues of Grey Herons (Ardea cinerea) from the Volta Lake, Ghana","authors":"Kwaansa-Ansah Ee, D. Agyemang, F. Opoku","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000175","url":null,"abstract":"Birds as high consumers and account for accumulative processes in marine pollution accumulate contaminants such as mercury (Hg). Therefore, in this study, the concentration of total mercury (THg) in ten (10) different tissues of Ardea cinerea from the Volta Lake, Ghana was measured. The THg concentrations in Ardea cinerea tissues follow the order: lungs","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123835052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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