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Three Ways to Infringe a Conversational Maxim: Grice’s Theory of Conversational Implicature as a Theory of Action 违反会话准则的三种方式:格赖斯的会话含义理论作为一种行为理论
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4288/kisoron.49.1_33
Nayuta Miki
In the process of presenting his theory of conversational implicature, Paul Grice (1975) segmented cases of conversational implicature into three groups: Group A, where no maxims are violated; Group B, where the violation of a maxim is to be explained by the supposition of a clash with another maxim; and Group C, which involves the exploitation of a maxim. Yukiko Kawaguchi, however, claimed in her 2001 article that this categorization is ill-grounded. This paper proposes, in opposition to Kawaguchi, an interpretation of Grice’s theory of conversational implicature which accords with his treatment of conversational implicature and provides reasonable evidence in support of his categorization of it.
Paul Grice(1975)在提出会话含意理论的过程中,将会话含意的情况分为三组:A组,即不违反任何准则的情况;B组,违反某一准则的情况可以用与另一准则发生冲突的假设来解释;C组则涉及对格言的运用。然而,Yukiko Kawaguchi在她2001年的文章中声称,这种分类是没有根据的。本文针对川口对格赖斯会话含义理论的解释,提出了一种与他对会话含义的处理相一致的解释,并为他对会话含义的分类提供了合理的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Scientific Explanation and the Essence of Natural Phenomena 科学解释与自然现象的本质
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4288/KISORON1954.34.29
K. Morita
There are three received approaches to scientific explanation: causal, unification and pragmatics. However, I will try to highlight the insufficiency of these approaches in this paper, furthermore instead, suggest a new approach: explanation by showing the essence of the phenomena. 'The essence of the phenomena' is what distinguishes the class of phenomena in question from the other classes of phenomena. Therefore, unification surely plays an important role in the scientific explanation, but its role is to clarify the essence of the phenomena.
有三种公认的科学解释方法:因果、统一和语用。然而,我将在本文中强调这些方法的不足,并提出一种新的方法:通过展示现象的本质来解释。"现象的本质"是将这一类现象与其他类别现象区别开来的东西。因此,统一在科学解释中固然起着重要的作用,但它的作用是阐明现象的本质。
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引用次数: 1
Placing Knowledge in the World 把知识放在世界上
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4288/KISORON1954.35.11
Ryosuke Uehara
The theory of knowledge as a natural kind holds that knowledge has a theoretical unity in the causal structure of the world. Since knowledge supports causal explanation and prediction, we can investigate knowledge empirically like other natural kinds such as water. But epistemological nihilism holds that knowledge does not have such a theoretical unity because we can always observe the diversity of knowledge. This paper aims to defend the theory of knowledge as a natural kind from epistemological nihilism. To do this, I will suggest that we can understand knowledge as a biological kind like species or organs, and then accommodate the diversity of knowledge to this viewpoint positively.
知识自然论认为,知识在世界的因果结构中具有理论统一性。由于知识支持因果解释和预测,我们可以像研究水等其他自然物种一样,对知识进行实证研究。但认识论虚无主义认为,知识并不具有这样的理论统一性,因为我们总是可以观察到知识的多样性。本文旨在从认识论虚无主义的角度为自然知识论辩护。为了做到这一点,我建议我们可以把知识理解为一种生物类型,就像物种或器官一样,然后积极地适应知识的多样性。
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引用次数: 1
View Point of Quantum Brachistochrone ( Quantum and Information) 量子腕时钟的观点(量子与信息)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4288/KISORON.36.1_31
A. Hosoya
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引用次数: 0
A Plea for Epistemic Sortalism:: Individuation and the Grasp of Sortal Concepts 对认知sorsorism的请求:个体化和对sorsortal概念的把握
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4288/kisoron.45.1-2_35
Yoshiyuki Yokoro
The aim of this paper is to give appropriate rejoinders to some typical objections to Epistemic Sortalism (ES) and thus to vindicate ES from them. ES argues that in epistemically individuating an object, a subject of perception needs to grasp under which sortal concept the object falls. ES has been, however, questioned lately in terms of both the possibility of misconceptions or ignorance of sortal concepts and the conflict with some current psychological research. I shall show that these objections pose no threat to ES, by examining the notion of ‘individuation’ and thereby reorganizing ES as a specific epistemological theory concerning discriminating and identifying knowledge. Based on the relevant ontology, i.e., the constitution view, newly reconstructed ES requires an individuator to grasp the sortal concept of an object as an epistemic evidence.
本文的目的是对一些典型的对认知Sortalism (ES)的反对意见进行适当的反驳,从而从这些反对意见中为认知Sortalism辩护。ES认为,在认识论上个体化一个客体时,知觉主体需要掌握客体属于哪个种类概念。然而,最近,由于对分类概念的误解或无知的可能性以及与当前一些心理学研究的冲突,ES受到了质疑。我将通过检验“个性化”的概念,从而将ES重新组织为一种关于区分和识别知识的特定认识论理论,来表明这些反对意见对ES没有构成威胁。在相关的本体论即构成观的基础上,新重构的社会经济学要求个体者掌握客体的种类概念作为认知证据。
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引用次数: 0
Kohji Ishihara, Yukihiro Nobuhara, & Masanari Itokawa eds. Philosophy of Psychiatry 1: Science and Philosophy of Psychiatry : (シリーズ精神医学の哲学 第1巻、東京大学出版会、2016年) Kohji Ishihara, Yukihiro Nobuhara, Masanari Itokawa eds. Philosophy of Psychiatry 1:Science and Philosophy of Psychiatry:(精神医学哲学系列第一卷,东京大学出版社,2016年)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4288/kisoron.45.1-2_69
Eisuke Sakakibara
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引用次数: 0
The Plausibility of Ontic Structural Realism 本体结构现实主义的合理性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4288/KISORON.37.1_9
Rei Nouchi
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引用次数: 0
Cognitive Enhancement and Destruction of the Self 认知增强和自我毁灭
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4288/kisoron1954.35.77
Ryosuke Uehara
This paper aims to examine ethical implications of the cognitive enhancement based on neuroscience and neuro-technology: more specifically, its influences on the “self”. In order to do this, I begin with presenting the relevant conception of the self, and then examine how the cognitive enhancement could influence on the self. The opponents of the cognitive enhancement hold that it is self-destructive to accept cognitive enhancement since it will destroy our ordinary practices based on “folk psychology”. The proponents, however, may prefer new, neuroscientific practices, which do not need the concept of the self. Yet, the opponents still have ways out, resorting to our system of values. I will end this paper by pointing out some tasks which we must solve.
本文旨在研究基于神经科学和神经技术的认知增强的伦理含义:更具体地说,它对“自我”的影响。为了做到这一点,我首先提出了自我的相关概念,然后研究认知增强如何影响自我。认知增强的反对者认为,接受认知增强是一种自我毁灭,因为它会破坏我们基于“民间心理学”的日常实践。然而,支持者可能更喜欢新的神经科学实践,这些实践不需要自我的概念。然而,对手仍然有办法,诉诸于我们的价值体系。在本文的最后,我将指出我们必须解决的一些问题。
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引用次数: 0
Electronic Theory of Organic Chemistry from the Perspective of Scientific Understanding 从科学认识的角度看有机化学的电子理论
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4288/kisoron.50.1_33
S. Nomura
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引用次数: 0
On the Growth of Knowledge:The Nature and Prospects of Popper's Three Worlds Theory 论知识的增长:波普尔三个世界理论的本质与展望
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4288/kisoron.50.1_1
Kento Ikeda
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science
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