In the process of presenting his theory of conversational implicature, Paul Grice (1975) segmented cases of conversational implicature into three groups: Group A, where no maxims are violated; Group B, where the violation of a maxim is to be explained by the supposition of a clash with another maxim; and Group C, which involves the exploitation of a maxim. Yukiko Kawaguchi, however, claimed in her 2001 article that this categorization is ill-grounded. This paper proposes, in opposition to Kawaguchi, an interpretation of Grice’s theory of conversational implicature which accords with his treatment of conversational implicature and provides reasonable evidence in support of his categorization of it.
Paul Grice(1975)在提出会话含意理论的过程中，将会话含意的情况分为三组:A组，即不违反任何准则的情况;B组，违反某一准则的情况可以用与另一准则发生冲突的假设来解释;C组则涉及对格言的运用。然而，Yukiko Kawaguchi在她2001年的文章中声称，这种分类是没有根据的。本文针对川口对格赖斯会话含义理论的解释，提出了一种与他对会话含义的处理相一致的解释，并为他对会话含义的分类提供了合理的证据。
{"title":"Three Ways to Infringe a Conversational Maxim: Grice’s Theory of Conversational Implicature as a Theory of Action","authors":"Nayuta Miki","doi":"10.4288/kisoron.49.1_33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/kisoron.49.1_33","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of presenting his theory of conversational implicature, Paul Grice (1975) segmented cases of conversational implicature into three groups: Group A, where no maxims are violated; Group B, where the violation of a maxim is to be explained by the supposition of a clash with another maxim; and Group C, which involves the exploitation of a maxim. Yukiko Kawaguchi, however, claimed in her 2001 article that this categorization is ill-grounded. This paper proposes, in opposition to Kawaguchi, an interpretation of Grice’s theory of conversational implicature which accords with his treatment of conversational implicature and provides reasonable evidence in support of his categorization of it.","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132684327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4288/KISORON1954.34.29
K. Morita
There are three received approaches to scientific explanation: causal, unification and pragmatics. However, I will try to highlight the insufficiency of these approaches in this paper, furthermore instead, suggest a new approach: explanation by showing the essence of the phenomena. 'The essence of the phenomena' is what distinguishes the class of phenomena in question from the other classes of phenomena. Therefore, unification surely plays an important role in the scientific explanation, but its role is to clarify the essence of the phenomena.
{"title":"Scientific Explanation and the Essence of Natural Phenomena","authors":"K. Morita","doi":"10.4288/KISORON1954.34.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/KISORON1954.34.29","url":null,"abstract":"There are three received approaches to scientific explanation: causal, unification and pragmatics. However, I will try to highlight the insufficiency of these approaches in this paper, furthermore instead, suggest a new approach: explanation by showing the essence of the phenomena. 'The essence of the phenomena' is what distinguishes the class of phenomena in question from the other classes of phenomena. Therefore, unification surely plays an important role in the scientific explanation, but its role is to clarify the essence of the phenomena.","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133628910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4288/KISORON1954.35.11
Ryosuke Uehara
The theory of knowledge as a natural kind holds that knowledge has a theoretical unity in the causal structure of the world. Since knowledge supports causal explanation and prediction, we can investigate knowledge empirically like other natural kinds such as water. But epistemological nihilism holds that knowledge does not have such a theoretical unity because we can always observe the diversity of knowledge. This paper aims to defend the theory of knowledge as a natural kind from epistemological nihilism. To do this, I will suggest that we can understand knowledge as a biological kind like species or organs, and then accommodate the diversity of knowledge to this viewpoint positively.
{"title":"Placing Knowledge in the World","authors":"Ryosuke Uehara","doi":"10.4288/KISORON1954.35.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/KISORON1954.35.11","url":null,"abstract":"The theory of knowledge as a natural kind holds that knowledge has a theoretical unity in the causal structure of the world. Since knowledge supports causal explanation and prediction, we can investigate knowledge empirically like other natural kinds such as water. But epistemological nihilism holds that knowledge does not have such a theoretical unity because we can always observe the diversity of knowledge. This paper aims to defend the theory of knowledge as a natural kind from epistemological nihilism. To do this, I will suggest that we can understand knowledge as a biological kind like species or organs, and then accommodate the diversity of knowledge to this viewpoint positively.","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"264 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113972218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"View Point of Quantum Brachistochrone ( Quantum and Information)","authors":"A. Hosoya","doi":"10.4288/KISORON.36.1_31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/KISORON.36.1_31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129950438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4288/kisoron.45.1-2_35
Yoshiyuki Yokoro
The aim of this paper is to give appropriate rejoinders to some typical objections to Epistemic Sortalism (ES) and thus to vindicate ES from them. ES argues that in epistemically individuating an object, a subject of perception needs to grasp under which sortal concept the object falls. ES has been, however, questioned lately in terms of both the possibility of misconceptions or ignorance of sortal concepts and the conflict with some current psychological research. I shall show that these objections pose no threat to ES, by examining the notion of ‘individuation’ and thereby reorganizing ES as a specific epistemological theory concerning discriminating and identifying knowledge. Based on the relevant ontology, i.e., the constitution view, newly reconstructed ES requires an individuator to grasp the sortal concept of an object as an epistemic evidence.
{"title":"A Plea for Epistemic Sortalism:: Individuation and the Grasp of Sortal Concepts","authors":"Yoshiyuki Yokoro","doi":"10.4288/kisoron.45.1-2_35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/kisoron.45.1-2_35","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to give appropriate rejoinders to some typical objections to Epistemic Sortalism (ES) and thus to vindicate ES from them. ES argues that in epistemically individuating an object, a subject of perception needs to grasp under which sortal concept the object falls. ES has been, however, questioned lately in terms of both the possibility of misconceptions or ignorance of sortal concepts and the conflict with some current psychological research. I shall show that these objections pose no threat to ES, by examining the notion of ‘individuation’ and thereby reorganizing ES as a specific epistemological theory concerning discriminating and identifying knowledge. Based on the relevant ontology, i.e., the constitution view, newly reconstructed ES requires an individuator to grasp the sortal concept of an object as an epistemic evidence.","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128519479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4288/kisoron.45.1-2_69
Eisuke Sakakibara
{"title":"Kohji Ishihara, Yukihiro Nobuhara, & Masanari Itokawa eds. Philosophy of Psychiatry 1: Science and Philosophy of Psychiatry : （シリーズ精神医学の哲学 第1巻、東京大学出版会、2016年）","authors":"Eisuke Sakakibara","doi":"10.4288/kisoron.45.1-2_69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/kisoron.45.1-2_69","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126880287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Plausibility of Ontic Structural Realism","authors":"Rei Nouchi","doi":"10.4288/KISORON.37.1_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/KISORON.37.1_9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121482380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4288/kisoron1954.35.77
Ryosuke Uehara
This paper aims to examine ethical implications of the cognitive enhancement based on neuroscience and neuro-technology: more specifically, its influences on the “self”. In order to do this, I begin with presenting the relevant conception of the self, and then examine how the cognitive enhancement could influence on the self. The opponents of the cognitive enhancement hold that it is self-destructive to accept cognitive enhancement since it will destroy our ordinary practices based on “folk psychology”. The proponents, however, may prefer new, neuroscientific practices, which do not need the concept of the self. Yet, the opponents still have ways out, resorting to our system of values. I will end this paper by pointing out some tasks which we must solve.
{"title":"Cognitive Enhancement and Destruction of the Self","authors":"Ryosuke Uehara","doi":"10.4288/kisoron1954.35.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/kisoron1954.35.77","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to examine ethical implications of the cognitive enhancement based on neuroscience and neuro-technology: more specifically, its influences on the “self”. In order to do this, I begin with presenting the relevant conception of the self, and then examine how the cognitive enhancement could influence on the self. The opponents of the cognitive enhancement hold that it is self-destructive to accept cognitive enhancement since it will destroy our ordinary practices based on “folk psychology”. The proponents, however, may prefer new, neuroscientific practices, which do not need the concept of the self. Yet, the opponents still have ways out, resorting to our system of values. I will end this paper by pointing out some tasks which we must solve.","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127498259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electronic Theory of Organic Chemistry from the Perspective of Scientific Understanding","authors":"S. Nomura","doi":"10.4288/kisoron.50.1_33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/kisoron.50.1_33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129153186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Growth of Knowledge:The Nature and Prospects of Popper's Three Worlds Theory","authors":"Kento Ikeda","doi":"10.4288/kisoron.50.1_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/kisoron.50.1_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116891510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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