Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4288/KISORON1954.35.11
Ryosuke Uehara
The theory of knowledge as a natural kind holds that knowledge has a theoretical unity in the causal structure of the world. Since knowledge supports causal explanation and prediction, we can investigate knowledge empirically like other natural kinds such as water. But epistemological nihilism holds that knowledge does not have such a theoretical unity because we can always observe the diversity of knowledge. This paper aims to defend the theory of knowledge as a natural kind from epistemological nihilism. To do this, I will suggest that we can understand knowledge as a biological kind like species or organs, and then accommodate the diversity of knowledge to this viewpoint positively.
{"title":"Placing Knowledge in the World","authors":"Ryosuke Uehara","doi":"10.4288/KISORON1954.35.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/KISORON1954.35.11","url":null,"abstract":"The theory of knowledge as a natural kind holds that knowledge has a theoretical unity in the causal structure of the world. Since knowledge supports causal explanation and prediction, we can investigate knowledge empirically like other natural kinds such as water. But epistemological nihilism holds that knowledge does not have such a theoretical unity because we can always observe the diversity of knowledge. This paper aims to defend the theory of knowledge as a natural kind from epistemological nihilism. To do this, I will suggest that we can understand knowledge as a biological kind like species or organs, and then accommodate the diversity of knowledge to this viewpoint positively.","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"264 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113972218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4288/kisoron1954.35.77
Ryosuke Uehara
This paper aims to examine ethical implications of the cognitive enhancement based on neuroscience and neuro-technology: more specifically, its influences on the “self”. In order to do this, I begin with presenting the relevant conception of the self, and then examine how the cognitive enhancement could influence on the self. The opponents of the cognitive enhancement hold that it is self-destructive to accept cognitive enhancement since it will destroy our ordinary practices based on “folk psychology”. The proponents, however, may prefer new, neuroscientific practices, which do not need the concept of the self. Yet, the opponents still have ways out, resorting to our system of values. I will end this paper by pointing out some tasks which we must solve.
{"title":"Cognitive Enhancement and Destruction of the Self","authors":"Ryosuke Uehara","doi":"10.4288/kisoron1954.35.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/kisoron1954.35.77","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to examine ethical implications of the cognitive enhancement based on neuroscience and neuro-technology: more specifically, its influences on the “self”. In order to do this, I begin with presenting the relevant conception of the self, and then examine how the cognitive enhancement could influence on the self. The opponents of the cognitive enhancement hold that it is self-destructive to accept cognitive enhancement since it will destroy our ordinary practices based on “folk psychology”. The proponents, however, may prefer new, neuroscientific practices, which do not need the concept of the self. Yet, the opponents still have ways out, resorting to our system of values. I will end this paper by pointing out some tasks which we must solve.","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127498259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electronic Theory of Organic Chemistry from the Perspective of Scientific Understanding","authors":"S. Nomura","doi":"10.4288/kisoron.50.1_33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/kisoron.50.1_33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129153186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Russell's Paradox and the Theory of Classes in The Principles of Mathematics","authors":"Yasushi Nomura","doi":"10.4288/KISORON.41.1_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/KISORON.41.1_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131453349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Extensions of a System of Paraconsistent Logic PCL1","authors":"Hitoshi Omori, Toshiharu Waragai","doi":"10.4288/KISORON.39.2_51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/KISORON.39.2_51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115914213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The common idea that a gene encodes a phenotypic character has played an important role in the theory of evolution, one of whose origin is population genetics. Today, the relationship between a gene and a phenotype is sometimes interpreted informationally, i.e., a gene conveys phenotypic information. In this study, the nature of genetic information about phenotypes is discussed by considering teleosemantics. It shows that phenotypic information is not carried by a single gene, but by a genome containing multiple genes and the regulatory regions which form the related gene
{"title":"Genetic Information about Phenotype: A Teleosemantic Point of View","authors":"T. Ishida","doi":"10.4288/kisoron.47.2_59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/kisoron.47.2_59","url":null,"abstract":"The common idea that a gene encodes a phenotypic character has played an important role in the theory of evolution, one of whose origin is population genetics. Today, the relationship between a gene and a phenotype is sometimes interpreted informationally, i.e., a gene conveys phenotypic information. In this study, the nature of genetic information about phenotypes is discussed by considering teleosemantics. It shows that phenotypic information is not carried by a single gene, but by a genome containing multiple genes and the regulatory regions which form the related gene","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116803147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Is \"Scientific?\"","authors":"O. Kanamori","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv36zr00.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv36zr00.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117227771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is about the status of compositionality in our linguistic communication and its theorizing. The principle of compositionality has been regarded as an essential precondition under which semantic theories are built since the principle seems to properly explain some important facts about natural language, such as learnability and novelty. According to recent discussions, however, the precise understanding of compositionality casts doubt on its necessity. In this paper, I take a closer look at how we have started and improved our semantic investigations, and present a new argument for compositionality which is based on our linguistic intuition about the notion of un-synonymy and substitution. My point of the argument is that compositionality can serve as a useful tool for theorizing natural language semantics even if semantic rules themselves are described non-compositionally.
{"title":"Compositionality for What?: Methodological Argument from Un-synonymy and Substitution","authors":"Ryohei Takaya","doi":"10.4288/kisoron.49.1_49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/kisoron.49.1_49","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about the status of compositionality in our linguistic communication and its theorizing. The principle of compositionality has been regarded as an essential precondition under which semantic theories are built since the principle seems to properly explain some important facts about natural language, such as learnability and novelty. According to recent discussions, however, the precise understanding of compositionality casts doubt on its necessity. In this paper, I take a closer look at how we have started and improved our semantic investigations, and present a new argument for compositionality which is based on our linguistic intuition about the notion of un-synonymy and substitution. My point of the argument is that compositionality can serve as a useful tool for theorizing natural language semantics even if semantic rules themselves are described non-compositionally.","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121552388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The topic of this paper is an intention. John Searle distinguished two types of intention: a prior intention and an intention in action. Subsequently, Hubert Dreyfus and Elisabeth Pacherie presented their views of intention in action. This paper places importance on Dreyfus’ view among three views of intention in action. In my view, on the one hand, Searle and Dreyfus discussed a propositional intention in action. Regarding this discussion, I argue that Dreyfus’ view is superior to Searle’s view. On the other hand, Pacherie presented the view of non-propositional intention in action. I argue against her view by invoking Dreyfus’ insights about a propositional intention in action.
{"title":"On an Intention in Action","authors":"Kodai Sato","doi":"10.4288/kisoron.48.1_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/kisoron.48.1_21","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of this paper is an intention. John Searle distinguished two types of intention: a prior intention and an intention in action. Subsequently, Hubert Dreyfus and Elisabeth Pacherie presented their views of intention in action. This paper places importance on Dreyfus’ view among three views of intention in action. In my view, on the one hand, Searle and Dreyfus discussed a propositional intention in action. Regarding this discussion, I argue that Dreyfus’ view is superior to Searle’s view. On the other hand, Pacherie presented the view of non-propositional intention in action. I argue against her view by invoking Dreyfus’ insights about a propositional intention in action.","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123249627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4288/kisoron.42.2_105
Tomohisa Furuta
{"title":"The Works of Philosophy of Science in Japan: 1945-1960","authors":"Tomohisa Furuta","doi":"10.4288/kisoron.42.2_105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4288/kisoron.42.2_105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130352724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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