Journal of Radio Studies最新文献

英文中文

Comparative Effectiveness of 30- versus 60-Second Radio Commercials on Recall and Rate 30秒和60秒广播广告在回忆和率上的比较效果

Journal of Radio Studies

Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/10955040701583262

David Allan

Can less really be more? This study is designed to provide the radio and advertising industries with an objective, theoretical foundation to what is being called “Less Is More.” Specifically, this study compares the effectiveness of 30-second and 60-second radio commercials on unaided recall. The results indicate that the brand recall as well as the message and proven recall of advertising from 60-second commercials are significantly greater than from 30-second commercials. The results also indicate that the first or second commercial in the commercial set will be better recalled. Based on these results, this study suggests a possible pricing model for 30-second commercials and a premium for first or second in-pod placement. This study was sponsored by the National Association of Broadcasters 2005 Grants for Research in Broadcasting Program.

少真的就是多吗?这项研究旨在为广播和广告行业提供一个客观的理论基础，以实现所谓的“少即是多”。具体来说，这项研究比较了30秒和60秒广播广告对独立回忆的效果。结果表明，60秒广告的品牌召回率、信息召回率和验证召回率均显著高于30秒广告。结果还表明，广告集中的第一个或第二个广告会被更好地召回。基于这些结果，本研究提出了一种可能的定价模式，即30秒的广告和第一次或第二次在pod内放置的溢价。本研究由2005年全国广播协会广播节目研究基金赞助。

引用次数: 12

The Factors Affecting Radio Format Diversity After the Telecommunications Act of 1996: Ownership Concentration, Stations and Audience 1996年《电信法》后影响无线电格式多样性的因素:所有权集中、电台和听众

Journal of Radio Studies

Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/10955040701583205

Heather Polinsky

The passage of the Telecommunication Act of 1996 eliminated national radio station ownership limits and considerably relaxed local station ownership caps compared to previous ownership restrictions. Media policymakers have been concerned that increases in media ownership concentration not decrease market format diversity. However, recent format diversity research on the radio industry has not directly considered other factors beyond ownership concentration that may affect format diversity. This study replicates Rogers and Woodbury's (1996) and found the number of programming formats broadcasting in a market (format diversity) is positively related to the number of radio stations serving the market. The percentage of market population listening to radio is positively related to the number of market stations and is not statistically related to the number of formats. This study also found increases in radio ownership concentration do not affect the number of market formats; however increases in ownership concentration may negatively affect the size of a market's radio audience.

1996年《电信法》的通过取消了国家无线电台所有权限制，与以前的所有权限制相比，大大放宽了地方电台所有权上限。媒体政策制定者一直担心媒体所有权集中度的提高不会降低市场形式的多样性。然而，最近对无线电行业的格式多样性研究并没有直接考虑除所有权集中度之外可能影响格式多样性的其他因素。本研究复制了Rogers和Woodbury(1996)的研究，发现市场上播放的节目形式的数量(形式多样性)与为市场服务的广播电台的数量呈正相关。市场人口收听广播的百分比与市场电台的数量呈正相关，而与格式的数量没有统计学上的关系。该研究还发现，无线电所有权集中度的增加并不影响市场模式的数量;然而，所有权集中度的提高可能会对市场广播听众的规模产生负面影响。

引用次数: 17

The Role of Values in Predicting Talk Radio Listening: A Model of Value Equivalence 价值在预测谈话广播收听中的作用:一个价值等值模型

Journal of Radio Studies

Pub Date : 2007-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/10955040701301755

Thomas B. Christie

Nontraditional sources of news, such as talk radio and the Internet, complement and sometimes replace traditional mainstream news sources. Using discriminant function analysis, this study reveals the role of values in predicting listening to political talk and religious radio programs. A model using the construct of “value equivalence” explains value differences between user and media that may affect whether or not news from nontraditional sources will be sought and used. Research questions are answered using data from the 2004 Pew Research Center Biennial Consumption Survey. Using selected independent variables (including value-based variables) to predict listening to the Rush Limbaugh program, 59% of all cases in this study were correctly classified. Using the same set of value-based variables to predict listening to religious radio shows yielded nearly 74% correctly classified cases. An earlier version of this manuscript was awarded first place, debut category, broadcast and Internet radio division competition, and presented at the 49th Annual Convention of the Broadcast Education Association, Las Vegas, NV, April 2004.

非传统的新闻来源，如谈话广播和互联网，补充甚至有时取代了传统的主流新闻来源。本研究运用判别函数分析，揭示了价值观在预测政治谈话和宗教广播节目收听中的作用。一个使用“价值等价”结构的模型解释了用户和媒体之间的价值差异，这种差异可能会影响非传统来源的新闻是否会被寻找和使用。研究问题的答案使用2004年皮尤研究中心两年一次的消费调查数据。使用选定的自变量(包括基于价值的变量)来预测拉什·林博节目的收听情况，本研究中59%的病例被正确分类。使用相同的一组基于价值的变量来预测收听宗教广播节目产生了近74%的正确分类案例。该手稿的早期版本在2004年4月内华达州拉斯维加斯广播教育协会第49届年度大会上获得了第一名，首次亮相类别，广播和互联网广播竞赛。

引用次数: 4

Right-Wing Pirate Radio Broadcasting in Israel: The Political Discourse About Channel 7, 1993–2003 以色列右翼海盗广播:关于第七频道的政治话语，1993-2003

Journal of Radio Studies

Pub Date : 2007-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/10955040701301870

Mira Moshe

This study examines an Israeli right-wing pirate radio station, Channel 7. Channel 7 was established in 1988 as a sea-based pirate radio station of the right-wing block in the religious-Zionist movement. Three questions were posed in the research: (a) What is the social representation of right-wing pirate radio station in the Knesset (Israeli parliament) discussions? (b) Did Yitzhak Rabin (Israeli Prime Minister) assassination influence the social representation of Channel 7 in the Knesset discussions? and (c) How does right-wing Knesset Members' social representation of Channel 7 differ from that of left-wing Knesset Members? An analysis of 115 parliamentary debates held in Israel between 1993 and 2003 referring to Channel 7 suggests the Knesset tended to affirm right-wing argumentation, Rabin's assassination strengthened right-wing as well as left-wing contentions, both right-wing and left-wing MKs tended to preserve the status quo and avoid changes, and right-wingers turned down left-wing demands for regulation.

本研究调查了以色列右翼海盗广播电台第七频道。第七频道成立于1988年，是宗教-犹太复国主义运动中右翼集团的海上海盗广播电台。研究中提出了三个问题:(a)右翼海盗广播电台在以色列议会讨论中的社会代表性如何?(b)伊扎克·拉宾(以色列总理)遇刺事件是否影响了第7频道在议会讨论中的社会代表性?(c)右翼议员对第七频道的社会代表与左翼议员的社会代表有何不同?对1993年至2003年间在以色列举行的115次议会辩论的分析表明，以色列议会倾向于肯定右翼的论点，拉宾遇刺加强了右翼和左翼的争论，右翼和左翼的mk都倾向于维持现状，避免改变，右翼拒绝左翼对监管的要求。

引用次数: 11

Editor's Remarks 编辑器的言论

Journal of Radio Studies

Pub Date : 2007-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/10955040701301706

Douglas A. Ferguson

引用次数: 0

Community Radio Stations as Community Technology Centers: An Evaluation of the Development Impact of Technological Hybridization on Stakeholder Communities in South Africa 社区广播电台作为社区技术中心:技术杂交对南非利益相关者社区发展影响的评价

Journal of Radio Studies

Pub Date : 2007-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/10955040701301847

E. Megwa

This study investigated the impact of using community radio stations to extend information and communication technology (ICT) benefits to poor communities in South Africa. Six community radio stations in six rural South African communities were studied, using face-to-face interviews, community conversations, and observation method. The study found these radio stations have ICT presence, but because of a lack of resources they are only able to allow their stakeholder communities' indirect access to these technologies. It concludes that for these stations to realize their full development potential of extending ICTs to poor rural communities in South Africa, collaborative innovative strategies will have to be instituted. The author thanks Andy Alali and several anonymous reviewers for their assistance and suggestions. An earlier version of this work was presented as a top research paper to the Human Information Technology Division at the 97th annual meeting of the Eastern Communication Association in Philadelphia, April 2006

本研究调查了利用社区广播电台向南非贫困社区推广信息和通信技术(ICT)效益的影响。采用面对面访谈、社区对话和观察法，对南非六个农村社区的六个社区广播电台进行了研究。研究发现，这些广播电台拥有信息通信技术，但由于缺乏资源，它们只能让利益相关者社区间接获得这些技术。报告的结论是，要使这些站点充分发挥其将信息通信技术推广到南非贫困农村社区的发展潜力，就必须制定协作创新战略。作者感谢Andy Alali和几位匿名评论者的帮助和建议。2006年4月，在费城举行的第97届东部通信协会年会上，这项工作的早期版本作为一篇顶级研究论文提交给了人类信息技术部门

引用次数: 25

Bob Lochte, Christian Radio: The Growth of a Mainstream Broadcasting Force. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2006. 鲍勃·罗切特，基督教电台:主流广播力量的成长。杰弗逊，北卡罗来纳州:麦克法兰出版社，2006年。

Journal of Radio Studies

Pub Date : 2007-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/10955040701301979

A. Clark

引用次数: 0

Radio and Localism: Has the FCC Dropped the Ball? 广播和地方主义:美国联邦通信委员会失当了吗?

Journal of Radio Studies

Pub Date : 2007-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/10955040701301771

Samuel J. Sauls, Danny Greer

Although no news of the FCC task force initiative on localism came forth between 2004 and 2006, members of Congress have taken an interest in the effects of localism in radio broadcasting. This interest can be attributed to the view that radio consolidation has minimized local radio service. As well, satellite-delivered radio has begun to encroach on local radio as it now provides traffic and weather updates in selected metropolitan markets. This article investigates the status of radio and localism, an issue that affects listeners across the nation. The original version of this article was presented within the competitive paper session of the Radio & Audio Media Division at the Broadcast Education Association 2006 Annual Convention in Las Vegas, NV.

尽管在2004年到2006年期间，没有关于联邦通信委员会特别工作组关于地方主义倡议的消息，但国会议员已经对地方主义在无线电广播中的影响产生了兴趣。这种兴趣可归因于无线电合并使当地无线电服务减少的观点。此外，卫星广播已经开始蚕食地方广播，因为它现在在选定的大都市市场提供交通和天气更新。这篇文章调查了广播和地方主义的现状，这是一个影响全国听众的问题。这篇文章的原始版本是在内华达州拉斯维加斯举行的广播教育协会2006年年会的广播和音频媒体部门的竞争性论文会议上发表的。

引用次数: 20

Timothy C. Campbell, Wireless Writing in the Age of Marconi. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000. Timothy C. Campbell，《马可尼时代的无线写作》。明尼阿波利斯:明尼苏达大学出版社，2000。

Journal of Radio Studies

Pub Date : 2007-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/10955040701301961

Bradley L. Nason

Wireless Writing in the Age of Marconi is not for the faint of heart. Author Timothy C. Campbell’s interesting theory of Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi’s impact on poetry, aesthetics, and writing at the turn of the 20th century can get lost in 170-plus pages of dense writing and analytical asides. This in no way is meant to slight the scholarly contribution of Campbell, an assistant professor of Italian at Cornell University, which is considerable. But if you are looking for a readable narrative along the lines of Tom Lewis’s 1991 Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio, you will not find it here. In Wireless Writing in the Age of Marconi, Campbell argues that current media theory employing the term radio is too general. Instead, his intent “is to outline a possible media system to which the wireless belongs” (p. 70). The term wireless “is more precise to the degree it names not only the telegraph Marconi invented in 1895 but also the series of couplings and interfaces over a thirty-year arc” (p. xiv), the period that his analysis covers. The book contains five chapters, of which the first, “Marconi, Marconistra: The Birth of Radiotelegraphy,” offers the best historical grounding of the period. In this chapter, Campbell argues that “instead of interpreting the string of dots and dashes spit out by the telegraph’s Morse machine, the wireless operator hears a string of weak signals over a headset and determines which are meaningful” (pp. 2–3), a theme to which he returns frequently. Here he looks at Marconi biographies and how they present the “cultural reception afforded the invention” (p. 13) of the telegraph. The other four chapters are devoted to close readings of major figures and works of the era, including Italian poet Gabriele D’Annunzio (chapter 2), F. T. Marinetti’s Futurist manifestos (chapter 3), Ezra Pound’s Cantos (chapter 4), and Pound’s Radio Rome broadcasts (chapter 5). Although these chapters are rich in textual detail, that richness can also be a diversion, leading even the author to catch himself, for instance, with “But let’s return to entropy and the wireless” (p. 88) or “For reasons that will be clear shortly” (p. 44). In places, Campbell’s analysis is both clear and compelling. For instance, in his chapter on Marinetti’s Futurist manifestos he writes about

马可尼时代的无线书写不适合胆小的人。作者Timothy C. Campbell关于意大利发明家Guglielmo Marconi在20世纪之交对诗歌，美学和写作的影响的有趣理论可以在170多页的密集写作和分析中迷失。坎贝尔是康奈尔大学意大利语专业的助理教授，他的学术贡献相当可观。但如果你想找一本像汤姆·刘易斯(Tom Lewis) 1991年的《空中帝国:造收音机的人》(Empire of the Air: the Men Who Made Radio)那样可读性强的书，你在这里找不到。在《马可尼时代的无线写作》一书中，坎贝尔认为，目前使用“无线电”一词的媒体理论过于笼统。相反，他的意图是“概述一种可能属于无线的媒体系统”(第70页)。“无线”一词“更精确的程度在于，它不仅命名了马可尼在1895年发明的电报，而且还命名了三十年来的一系列耦合和接口”(第xiv页)，他的分析涵盖了这段时间。本书共分五章，其中第一章“马可尼，马可尼斯特拉:无线电报的诞生”为那段时期提供了最好的历史基础。在这一章中，坎贝尔认为，“无线操作员不是解读电报莫尔斯电报机发出的一串点和线，而是通过耳机听到一串微弱的信号，并决定哪些是有意义的”(第2-3页)，这是他经常谈到的一个主题。在这里，他研究了马可尼的传记，以及它们如何呈现“发明电报的文化接受”(第13页)。另外四章是对那个时代的主要人物和作品的仔细阅读，包括意大利诗人加布里埃尔·达南齐奥(第二章)、f·t·马里内蒂的《未来主义者宣言》(第三章)、埃兹拉·庞德的《诗章》(第四章)和庞德的《罗马广播》(第五章)。尽管这些章节的文本细节丰富，但这种丰富也可能是一种转移，甚至让作者自己也迷失了方向，例如，“但让我们回到熵和无线”(第88页)或“原因很快就会清楚”(第44页)。在某些地方，坎贝尔的分析既清晰又引人注目。例如，在他关于马里内蒂未来主义宣言的章节中，他写道

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引用次数: 0

Audio: The Movie [DVD]. York, PA: Tracer Technologies, 2006 音频:电影[DVD]。约克，宾夕法尼亚州:示踪技术，2006

Journal of Radio Studies

Pub Date : 2007-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/10955040701301938

David E. Reese

If you teach audio production or a similar course, you might be interested in using Audio: The Movie, produced by Tracer Technologies, as supplementary material. Although the packaging states the DVD is a “college level course that will help you understand the principles of audio but bypasses most of the mathematics usually associated with such studies,” another statement on the DVD suggests it is “a course in audio theory for normal, average, every-day folks.” Finally, the www.tracertek.com Web site notes “this information is provided in easy to understand terms,” and for the most part, the viewer will find all these statements are fairly accurate. The first segment to Audio: The Movie, entitled “Getting Started,” takes a solid pedagogical approach and explains exactly what the DVD is about and what you will learn by watching it. Structured like a textbook, the DVD is divided into eight chapters of material. The introduction explains that the early chapters will present basic concepts, whereas the later chapters will offer more challenging and complex subjects, noting this is not unlike how information would be presented in a college course. The DVD comes with a 25-page “test booklet” designed to fit within the DVD package. The booklet provides a brief summary of the main points presented in each chapter, three multiple-choice test questions, and answers with an explanation of why a particular response is right or wrong. According to the booklet, “tests are designed not to determine how much you learned, but rather to help you think about the subject and learn even more.” There is some reliance on an “all of the above” approach with the questions, which probably allows for an expanded explanation section and references back to various segments of the DVD. Audio: The Movie content is presented with a narration track supplemented with ever-changing screen shots. Although the screens are mostly drawings or photos, animated screens are employed when it helps explain a concept. Some of the screens are full width, but many are various sizes that only fill a portion of the screen, and a few seem to have been resized to the point that they are distorted. Although the video is often static pictures, the pace is fast enough that there seems to be constant “action” with the result being that the viewer is not bored. Background music and sound effects are also used liberally to highlight a specific video screen or make a concept easier to grasp. For example, in a chapter 2 discussion of bandwidth, the viewer gets to both see onscreen and hear a comparison of 6 kHz bandwidth of human speech and the old 3 kHz bandwidth of telephone audio. The producers employ humor throughout the video, so the viewer might chuckle from time to time as he or she absorbs the factual content. In another chapter 2 discussion about the human range of hearing, they explain that a lack of high-frequency hearing explains why older folks hear words but find them hard to understand and

如果您教授音频制作或类似的课程，您可能会对使用Tracer Technologies制作的audio: The Movie作为补充材料感兴趣。虽然DVD的包装上写着这是一门“大学水平的课程，可以帮助你理解音频的原理，但绕开了通常与此类研究相关的大部分数学知识”，但DVD上的另一份声明表明，这是一门“为普通人、普通人、日常生活准备的音频理论课程”。最后，www.tracertek.com网站指出“这些信息是用易于理解的术语提供的”，而且在大多数情况下，浏览者会发现所有这些陈述都相当准确。音频:电影的第一部分，题为“入门”，采用了扎实的教学方法，并准确地解释了DVD的内容以及你将通过观看它学到什么。DVD的结构像教科书一样，分为八个章节。引言解释说，前几章将介绍基本概念，而后几章将提供更具挑战性和复杂的主题，并指出这与大学课程中的信息呈现方式没有什么不同。DVD附带了一个25页的“测试手册”，专为DVD包装而设计。这本小册子提供了每一章主要观点的简要总结，三个选择题，以及解释为什么一个特定的回答是正确的或错误的答案。根据这本小册子，“考试的设计不是为了确定你学了多少，而是为了帮助你思考这门学科，从而学到更多。”有一些问题依赖于“以上所有”的方法，这可能允许扩展解释部分并参考DVD的各个部分。音频:电影内容以旁白轨道呈现，辅以不断变化的屏幕截图。虽然屏幕主要是图画或照片，但当它有助于解释一个概念时，也会使用动画屏幕。有些屏幕是全宽的，但许多屏幕的大小各不相同，只占屏幕的一部分，还有一些屏幕的大小似乎被调整到了扭曲的程度。虽然视频通常是静态图片，但节奏足够快，似乎有持续的“动作”，结果是观众不会感到无聊。背景音乐和音效也被广泛用于突出特定的视频屏幕或使概念更容易理解。例如，在第二章关于带宽的讨论中，观众可以在屏幕上看到和听到6千赫带宽的人类语音和旧的3千赫带宽的电话音频的比较。制片人在整个视频中都运用了幽默，所以观众可能会在他或她吸收事实内容时不时地发笑。在另一章关于人类听力范围的讨论中，他们解释说，缺乏高频听力解释了为什么老年人听到单词但发现它们很难理解，《无线电研究杂志》/ 2007年5月

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