Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/recon.2022.8.2.011
V. Tsibulsky, L. Vazhenina, Ilya G. Solovyov, D. Govorkov, Viktor P. Novikov
Relevance. Monitoring has always been an important part of the management of regional development. Recently, this task has been gaining currency due to the development of modern information technologies of data collection and processing, citizen-government interaction and digital modelling. The task of goal evaluation, that is, comparison of the actual results with the intended ones in different spheres, among other things, requires us to build and adjust the macro-economic model of regional development and in particular to update the input-output matrix based on the region’s statistical data. Research objective. The study aims to build a table of input-output balance for the south of Tyumen region (Russia) based on the statistical data of standardized economic indicators. Method and data. Two options for estimating the input-output matrix for Tyumen region are described. In the first option, a well-known method of adjustment of the reference input-output matrix for the priority economic sectors of Tyumen region is supplemented by the regularization of the resulting parameters according to the least squares method for the selected period. The second option is based on the aggregation of industries by subsystems based on the cost structure table of the same industries, but for the entire country, followed by the identification of the already aggregated matrix, without adjusting the result to the standard. Results. In the first option, we obtained a table of input-output balance for 2018. The table quite accurately reproduces the invoice structure of costs and consumption. The aggregated input-output matrix, taking regularization into account, reproduces the actual costs of the region for 2016-2018 with good approximation. In the second option, the distribution of the resulting direct costs coefficients over the years does not exceed 10%. Conclusions. The resulting estimates of the Leontiev input-output matrices meet the requirements of productivity and balance and can be used in benchmark problems for the analysis and forecasting of the economic development of Tyumen region. A variation of the functional scheme for assessing and analyzing the discrepancies between the declared and actual trajectories of the indicators based on the Leontiev matrix is proposed.
{"title":"Assessment of the Leontiev productive matrix of the economic development model for Tyumen region (Russia)","authors":"V. Tsibulsky, L. Vazhenina, Ilya G. Solovyov, D. Govorkov, Viktor P. Novikov","doi":"10.15826/recon.2022.8.2.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/recon.2022.8.2.011","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Monitoring has always been an important part of the management of regional development. Recently, this task has been gaining currency due to the development of modern information technologies of data collection and processing, citizen-government interaction and digital modelling. The task of goal evaluation, that is, comparison of the actual results with the intended ones in different spheres, among other things, requires us to build and adjust the macro-economic model of regional development and in particular to update the input-output matrix based on the region’s statistical data. Research objective. The study aims to build a table of input-output balance for the south of Tyumen region (Russia) based on the statistical data of standardized economic indicators. Method and data. Two options for estimating the input-output matrix for Tyumen region are described. In the first option, a well-known method of adjustment of the reference input-output matrix for the priority economic sectors of Tyumen region is supplemented by the regularization of the resulting parameters according to the least squares method for the selected period. The second option is based on the aggregation of industries by subsystems based on the cost structure table of the same industries, but for the entire country, followed by the identification of the already aggregated matrix, without adjusting the result to the standard. Results. In the first option, we obtained a table of input-output balance for 2018. The table quite accurately reproduces the invoice structure of costs and consumption. The aggregated input-output matrix, taking regularization into account, reproduces the actual costs of the region for 2016-2018 with good approximation. In the second option, the distribution of the resulting direct costs coefficients over the years does not exceed 10%. Conclusions. The resulting estimates of the Leontiev input-output matrices meet the requirements of productivity and balance and can be used in benchmark problems for the analysis and forecasting of the economic development of Tyumen region. A variation of the functional scheme for assessing and analyzing the discrepancies between the declared and actual trajectories of the indicators based on the Leontiev matrix is proposed.","PeriodicalId":33206,"journal":{"name":"REconomy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67263242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/recon.2022.8.3.022
E. Zakharchuk
Relevance. The sanctions against Russia in 2022 affected almost all areas of the country’s economic activity. The sanctions may have varying effects on different territories of Russia. Mono-sectoral regions specializing in the production of primary raw materials are faced with the highest uncertainty. Research objective. The main purpose of the study is to develop and describe scenarios for the economic development of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District under the pressure of sanctions. As part of this task, the impact of restrictions on the development of municipalities in Yamal is assessed, with a special focus on the areas with new hydrocarbon deposits in the Arctic zone. Data and methods. The study relies on the scenario method and the System of National Accounts to calculate the key indicators of economic development, which are defined as aggregated parameters (gross regional product, investment, tax revenues of the consolidated budget, and employment). Results. The impact of sanctions on the development of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is considered through the three scenarios: inertial, negative, and catastrophic. Under the inertial scenario, the key indicators will not change, and the pace of economic development will decrease. Under the negative scenario, investment projects will be put on hold and a limited deterioration in economic indicators will be observed. Under the worst-case scenario, there will be a serious drop in the key indicators, especially investment and employment. Conclusions. The imposed sanctions prohibiting the supply of high-tech equipment and limiting the supply of natural gas and oil to world markets will not be destructive for Yamal even in the catastrophic scenario. However, these restrictions will seriously limit economic development, gradually worsening the prospects for the development of the Arctic territories and the region’s ability to maintain the current standards of living.
{"title":"Sanctions and scenarios of economic development of the Russian Arctic territories (the case of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District)","authors":"E. Zakharchuk","doi":"10.15826/recon.2022.8.3.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/recon.2022.8.3.022","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The sanctions against Russia in 2022 affected almost all areas of the country’s economic activity. The sanctions may have varying effects on different territories of Russia. Mono-sectoral regions specializing in the production of primary raw materials are faced with the highest uncertainty. Research objective. The main purpose of the study is to develop and describe scenarios for the economic development of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District under the pressure of sanctions. As part of this task, the impact of restrictions on the development of municipalities in Yamal is assessed, with a special focus on the areas with new hydrocarbon deposits in the Arctic zone. Data and methods. The study relies on the scenario method and the System of National Accounts to calculate the key indicators of economic development, which are defined as aggregated parameters (gross regional product, investment, tax revenues of the consolidated budget, and employment). Results. The impact of sanctions on the development of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is considered through the three scenarios: inertial, negative, and catastrophic. Under the inertial scenario, the key indicators will not change, and the pace of economic development will decrease. Under the negative scenario, investment projects will be put on hold and a limited deterioration in economic indicators will be observed. Under the worst-case scenario, there will be a serious drop in the key indicators, especially investment and employment. Conclusions. The imposed sanctions prohibiting the supply of high-tech equipment and limiting the supply of natural gas and oil to world markets will not be destructive for Yamal even in the catastrophic scenario. However, these restrictions will seriously limit economic development, gradually worsening the prospects for the development of the Arctic territories and the region’s ability to maintain the current standards of living.","PeriodicalId":33206,"journal":{"name":"REconomy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67263883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/recon.2022.8.2.013
Gheorghe Savoiu, A. Vilgelm
Relevance. The processes of regionalization and localization are currently intensifying in the Siberian macro-region, where local markets act as drivers of socio-economic development. We associate their development with the diversification of the sectoral structure. Nevertheless, the demographic conditions contribute to the growth of spatial concentration, which affects the sustainability of the housing construction structure and negatively affects the housing market. Research objective. This study aims to analyze the economic consequences of the diversification-related processes and the degree of the spatial concentration of these effects in Siberian regions. Data and methods. The study relies on official databases for the calculation of the Herfindahl-Hirschmann and Gini-Struck coefficients. Econometric analysis was conducted with the help of E-Views software. Results. The concentration phenomenon in housing construction becomes indirectly dependent on regional diversification of the urban and rural housing stock, with an intense and natural correlation for the urban housing stock, which is stronger than in the case of the rural housing stock. The multifactorial model of concentration in housing construction indirectly depends on the combined regional diversification of incomes and population and the urban or rural stock. Conclusions. The evolution of the Siberian macro-region is shaped by the increasing urbanization and localization processes, which exacerbate the insufficient level of diversification. These factors are detrimental to the development of the local markets of resources; they have a negative effect on the rate of housing construction and on the supply in the housing market.
{"title":"Diversification versus concentration trends in the housing construction and stock across Siberian regions","authors":"Gheorghe Savoiu, A. Vilgelm","doi":"10.15826/recon.2022.8.2.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/recon.2022.8.2.013","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The processes of regionalization and localization are currently intensifying in the Siberian macro-region, where local markets act as drivers of socio-economic development. We associate their development with the diversification of the sectoral structure. Nevertheless, the demographic conditions contribute to the growth of spatial concentration, which affects the sustainability of the housing construction structure and negatively affects the housing market. Research objective. This study aims to analyze the economic consequences of the diversification-related processes and the degree of the spatial concentration of these effects in Siberian regions. Data and methods. The study relies on official databases for the calculation of the Herfindahl-Hirschmann and Gini-Struck coefficients. Econometric analysis was conducted with the help of E-Views software. Results. The concentration phenomenon in housing construction becomes indirectly dependent on regional diversification of the urban and rural housing stock, with an intense and natural correlation for the urban housing stock, which is stronger than in the case of the rural housing stock. The multifactorial model of concentration in housing construction indirectly depends on the combined regional diversification of incomes and population and the urban or rural stock. Conclusions. The evolution of the Siberian macro-region is shaped by the increasing urbanization and localization processes, which exacerbate the insufficient level of diversification. These factors are detrimental to the development of the local markets of resources; they have a negative effect on the rate of housing construction and on the supply in the housing market.","PeriodicalId":33206,"journal":{"name":"REconomy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67263329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/recon.2022.8.2.014
A. Yerimpasheva, A. Myrzakhmetova, Dina Alshimbayeva
Relevance. In mass media, the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Eurasian economic integration are considered as the driving forces behind Eurasia’s development. Nevertheless, the processes of Eurasian integration have been impeded by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, 2020-22 have been marked by political turmoil in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) member states. Modelled on the European Union, the Eurasian Union increasingly resembles the former Soviet Union, which is a matter of concern for the member states. On the other hand, the growing democratic sentiments in the post-Soviet countries and the competition between Russia and China for influence in Eurasia make the cooperation of the EAEU and the Belt Road Initiative (BRI) more problematic. Research objective. The study examines the opportunities and challenges associated with the possible integration of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Belt Road Initiative. Methods and Data. In this paper, we used an exploratory research design relying on collecting secondary and primary qualitative data. Methodologically, the study is based on the approaches of positive and nominative economics. The qualitative research in the form of in-depth interviews helped us gain insight into the economic problems of the EAEU member states. We also analyzed the dynamics of each member country’s GDP and compared it with that of China for the period from 2012 to present. Results. The compatibility of national and transnational interests in the EAEU programs is one of the main issues that have to be addressed. There have been specified areas of the EAEU’s development, many of which reveal the Russian Federation’s dominating role in managing the Union. According to the experts we have interviewed, to implement its programs, the EAEU needs significant centralization of power. On the other hand, the unresolved social, economic, and political issues can become a significant obstacle to the integration. Conclusion. Despite the widespread belief that the BRI would bring significant welfare and trade benefits to its participants, the EAEU member countries and China first need to focus on implementing political reforms, which the social and economic agenda hinges upon.
{"title":"Conjugation of the Eurasian economic union and the belt road initiative: the role and place of Kazakhstan","authors":"A. Yerimpasheva, A. Myrzakhmetova, Dina Alshimbayeva","doi":"10.15826/recon.2022.8.2.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/recon.2022.8.2.014","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. In mass media, the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Eurasian economic integration are considered as the driving forces behind Eurasia’s development. Nevertheless, the processes of Eurasian integration have been impeded by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, 2020-22 have been marked by political turmoil in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) member states. Modelled on the European Union, the Eurasian Union increasingly resembles the former Soviet Union, which is a matter of concern for the member states. On the other hand, the growing democratic sentiments in the post-Soviet countries and the competition between Russia and China for influence in Eurasia make the cooperation of the EAEU and the Belt Road Initiative (BRI) more problematic. Research objective. The study examines the opportunities and challenges associated with the possible integration of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Belt Road Initiative. Methods and Data. In this paper, we used an exploratory research design relying on collecting secondary and primary qualitative data. Methodologically, the study is based on the approaches of positive and nominative economics. The qualitative research in the form of in-depth interviews helped us gain insight into the economic problems of the EAEU member states. We also analyzed the dynamics of each member country’s GDP and compared it with that of China for the period from 2012 to present. Results. The compatibility of national and transnational interests in the EAEU programs is one of the main issues that have to be addressed. There have been specified areas of the EAEU’s development, many of which reveal the Russian Federation’s dominating role in managing the Union. According to the experts we have interviewed, to implement its programs, the EAEU needs significant centralization of power. On the other hand, the unresolved social, economic, and political issues can become a significant obstacle to the integration. Conclusion. Despite the widespread belief that the BRI would bring significant welfare and trade benefits to its participants, the EAEU member countries and China first need to focus on implementing political reforms, which the social and economic agenda hinges upon.","PeriodicalId":33206,"journal":{"name":"REconomy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67263413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/recon.2022.8.4.025
V. Klimanov, S. Kazakova
Relevance. In recent years, the role of ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) bonds has been rapidly growing in the world. ESGs are used to raise funds for programs for sustainable development of territories. Research objective. The paper studies the cases of Russian regions using green bonds and considers the prospects of this tool in the Russian context. Data and Methods. The analysis focuses on the debt indicators of Russian regions and related budgetary indicators based on open source data from the Ministry of Finance, the Treasury, and independent rating agencies. The methods of comparative and retrospective analysis are used to identify the state and features of regional debt policy. Results. Our analysis of the debt policy of Russian regions and megacities shows a low level of their activity in the stock market as issuers of bonds. This can be explained by the complexity of the system of subnational finances and the role of the Federation in preventing default situations, and therefore the priority use of budget loans. The city of Moscow was a pioneer in this matter in Russia. This determines the uniqueness of Moscow's experience in implementing debt policy. Conclusions. The expansion of the green bond practice will allow Russia to move forward in achieving the goals of ESG agenda, which, despite the large-scale sanctions imposed on Russia at the moment, still remains relevant.
{"title":"Debt Policy for the Sustainable Development of Russian Regions and Megacities","authors":"V. Klimanov, S. Kazakova","doi":"10.15826/recon.2022.8.4.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/recon.2022.8.4.025","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. In recent years, the role of ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) bonds has been rapidly growing in the world. ESGs are used to raise funds for programs for sustainable development of territories. Research objective. The paper studies the cases of Russian regions using green bonds and considers the prospects of this tool in the Russian context. Data and Methods. The analysis focuses on the debt indicators of Russian regions and related budgetary indicators based on open source data from the Ministry of Finance, the Treasury, and independent rating agencies. The methods of comparative and retrospective analysis are used to identify the state and features of regional debt policy. Results. Our analysis of the debt policy of Russian regions and megacities shows a low level of their activity in the stock market as issuers of bonds. This can be explained by the complexity of the system of subnational finances and the role of the Federation in preventing default situations, and therefore the priority use of budget loans. The city of Moscow was a pioneer in this matter in Russia. This determines the uniqueness of Moscow's experience in implementing debt policy. Conclusions. The expansion of the green bond practice will allow Russia to move forward in achieving the goals of ESG agenda, which, despite the large-scale sanctions imposed on Russia at the moment, still remains relevant.","PeriodicalId":33206,"journal":{"name":"REconomy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67263661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/recon.2022.8.3.020
I. Belik, N. Starodubets, Alena I. Yachmeneva, Konstantin A. Prokopov
Relevance. There are at least two serious challenges that Russian exporting companies are now facing: first, in 2021, the EU introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM), which will come into force in 2026, and, second, since February 2022, many exporters have been subject to the EU sanctions as part of the Russia sanctions regime. There is much uncertainty surrounding the duration of the current sanctions episode as well as the introduction of the carbon tax in the Middle Eastern and Asian countries. Research objective. The study aims to assess potential economic losses resulting from the CBAM introduction and the pressure of sanctions on the Russian exporters of metallurgical products and their home regions. The study focuses on the case of Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (MMK) and Chelyabinsk region. Data and methods. Methodologically, the study relies on scenario analysis. Two scenarios are considered: the EU sanctions against Russian steel companies will be lifted after 2024–2025 and the sanctions will not be lifted in the near future. For each scenario, two variations are analyzed and the annual economic losses are calculated both for MMK and for Chelyabinsk region. The data for the study was taken from ММК official reports. Results. If the EU sanctions are lifted in the nearest future, at the initial stages of the carbon tax introduction, the economic consequences for Russian exporters will be insignificant. In the future, however, carbon regulation can create serious threats to the financial condition of such enterprises even if exports account for a small share of their revenue. If the EU sanctions stay in place, Russian enterprises are likely to search for trade partners in the Middle East and Asia. If the latter introduce a carbon tax, Russian companies can enjoy a competitive edge due to the comparatively low carbon intensity. Conclusions. To ensure Russian steel companies’ competitive edge, it is necessary to stimulate them to reduce their carbon footprint and create a national carbon regulation system. Not only will this measure help to reduce the loss of export income and regional governments’ tax revenues but it will also enable companies to stay competitive and deal more effectively with the sanctions pressure.
{"title":"Border Carbon Adjustment: Implications for Russian Companies and Regions in the Context of the Russia Sanctions (the case of Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works and Chelyabinsk region)","authors":"I. Belik, N. Starodubets, Alena I. Yachmeneva, Konstantin A. Prokopov","doi":"10.15826/recon.2022.8.3.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/recon.2022.8.3.020","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. There are at least two serious challenges that Russian exporting companies are now facing: first, in 2021, the EU introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM), which will come into force in 2026, and, second, since February 2022, many exporters have been subject to the EU sanctions as part of the Russia sanctions regime. There is much uncertainty surrounding the duration of the current sanctions episode as well as the introduction of the carbon tax in the Middle Eastern and Asian countries. Research objective. The study aims to assess potential economic losses resulting from the CBAM introduction and the pressure of sanctions on the Russian exporters of metallurgical products and their home regions. The study focuses on the case of Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (MMK) and Chelyabinsk region. Data and methods. Methodologically, the study relies on scenario analysis. Two scenarios are considered: the EU sanctions against Russian steel companies will be lifted after 2024–2025 and the sanctions will not be lifted in the near future. For each scenario, two variations are analyzed and the annual economic losses are calculated both for MMK and for Chelyabinsk region. The data for the study was taken from ММК official reports. Results. If the EU sanctions are lifted in the nearest future, at the initial stages of the carbon tax introduction, the economic consequences for Russian exporters will be insignificant. In the future, however, carbon regulation can create serious threats to the financial condition of such enterprises even if exports account for a small share of their revenue. If the EU sanctions stay in place, Russian enterprises are likely to search for trade partners in the Middle East and Asia. If the latter introduce a carbon tax, Russian companies can enjoy a competitive edge due to the comparatively low carbon intensity. Conclusions. To ensure Russian steel companies’ competitive edge, it is necessary to stimulate them to reduce their carbon footprint and create a national carbon regulation system. Not only will this measure help to reduce the loss of export income and regional governments’ tax revenues but it will also enable companies to stay competitive and deal more effectively with the sanctions pressure.","PeriodicalId":33206,"journal":{"name":"REconomy","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67263686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/recon.2022.8.4.028
O. Roy
Relevance. In the attempt to withstand sanctions pressure and the continuing decline in the relationships with European states, the Russian government has switched the focus of its foreign economic policy to the south-eastern partners, including Kazakhstan. Research objective. The study aims to evaluate the readiness of the Russian border regions for more active cross-border cooperation with regions of Kazakhstan; to draw an inventory of the main forms such cooperation can take; and to describe the prospects of this cooperation in the context of the increasing integration processes in border regions. Data and methods. The article compares the dynamics of socio-economic indicators and qualitative characteristics of Russian border regions and summarizes the experience of cooperation between Russian and Kazakhstani border regions. The study relies on the methods of systems analysis and comparative analysis and uses the official data of regional Kazakhstani and Russian governments on the socio-economic development of their territories. The study also uses the statistical data provided by the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat). Results. The study has brought to light significant disparities in Russian border regions' socio-economic potential, more specifically, in their readiness to participate in the integration processes with regions of the neighbouring state. The proposed conceptual model of cross-border cooperation comprises three levels: transport communication, joint projects, and social services. This model underpins the typology of Russian border regions, highlighting the most promising areas for their cooperation with Kazakhstan and the main impediments to such cooperation. By applying this model, we have identified the main growth points and bottlenecks in interregional cooperation along the state border and described the key trends in the development of the given countries in the context of global risks. Conclusions. The cross-border cooperation model can provide a framework for the development of projects aimed at enhancing the productivity of the relationships between the two countries. These findings may be used to evaluate the readiness of border regions to establish productive, mutually beneficial relationships with regions of the neighbouring state. They may also be of interest to policy-makers, national and regional government agencies.
{"title":"The role of Russian border regions in the cross-border cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan","authors":"O. Roy","doi":"10.15826/recon.2022.8.4.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/recon.2022.8.4.028","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. In the attempt to withstand sanctions pressure and the continuing decline in the relationships with European states, the Russian government has switched the focus of its foreign economic policy to the south-eastern partners, including Kazakhstan. Research objective. The study aims to evaluate the readiness of the Russian border regions for more active cross-border cooperation with regions of Kazakhstan; to draw an inventory of the main forms such cooperation can take; and to describe the prospects of this cooperation in the context of the increasing integration processes in border regions. Data and methods. The article compares the dynamics of socio-economic indicators and qualitative characteristics of Russian border regions and summarizes the experience of cooperation between Russian and Kazakhstani border regions. The study relies on the methods of systems analysis and comparative analysis and uses the official data of regional Kazakhstani and Russian governments on the socio-economic development of their territories. The study also uses the statistical data provided by the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat). Results. The study has brought to light significant disparities in Russian border regions' socio-economic potential, more specifically, in their readiness to participate in the integration processes with regions of the neighbouring state. The proposed conceptual model of cross-border cooperation comprises three levels: transport communication, joint projects, and social services. This model underpins the typology of Russian border regions, highlighting the most promising areas for their cooperation with Kazakhstan and the main impediments to such cooperation. By applying this model, we have identified the main growth points and bottlenecks in interregional cooperation along the state border and described the key trends in the development of the given countries in the context of global risks. Conclusions. The cross-border cooperation model can provide a framework for the development of projects aimed at enhancing the productivity of the relationships between the two countries. These findings may be used to evaluate the readiness of border regions to establish productive, mutually beneficial relationships with regions of the neighbouring state. They may also be of interest to policy-makers, national and regional government agencies.","PeriodicalId":33206,"journal":{"name":"REconomy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67263894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/recon.2022.8.2.010
A. Nikitaeva, O. Chernova, L. Molapisi
Relevance. Even though there is a general agreement regarding the importance of the transition to a green economy, this process still has a long way to go, which makes the research on the role of smart territories particularly relevant. Research objective. The study aims to describe the opportunities and areas of digital transformation of territories with a focus on the transition to a green economy. Data and methods. The research methods include content analysis, case study, mapping, and matrix analysis. The data sources were scientific articles presented in the Scopus database, materials from the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, the Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technologies, and Energy Security, materials from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Botswana, the Botswana Energy Company. Results. Using the case of Botswana, the study showed that the establishment of a smart territory is the core mechanism of a transition to a green economy. Smart territories help regional governments to reach the sustainable development goals by using cutting-edge digital technologies. Conclusions. The article proposes a new approach to analyzing the transition to a green economy. This approach can also be applied to reconsider the composition and roles of the drivers of territorial development. The proposed methodology can be used to create a smart contour for the development of a given territory, taking into account the region’s industrial specialization, and to identify the most promising areas and "bottlenecks".
{"title":"Smart territories as a driver for the transition to sustainable regional development and green economy","authors":"A. Nikitaeva, O. Chernova, L. Molapisi","doi":"10.15826/recon.2022.8.2.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/recon.2022.8.2.010","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Even though there is a general agreement regarding the importance of the transition to a green economy, this process still has a long way to go, which makes the research on the role of smart territories particularly relevant. Research objective. The study aims to describe the opportunities and areas of digital transformation of territories with a focus on the transition to a green economy. Data and methods. The research methods include content analysis, case study, mapping, and matrix analysis. The data sources were scientific articles presented in the Scopus database, materials from the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, the Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technologies, and Energy Security, materials from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Botswana, the Botswana Energy Company. Results. Using the case of Botswana, the study showed that the establishment of a smart territory is the core mechanism of a transition to a green economy. Smart territories help regional governments to reach the sustainable development goals by using cutting-edge digital technologies. Conclusions. The article proposes a new approach to analyzing the transition to a green economy. This approach can also be applied to reconsider the composition and roles of the drivers of territorial development. The proposed methodology can be used to create a smart contour for the development of a given territory, taking into account the region’s industrial specialization, and to identify the most promising areas and \"bottlenecks\".","PeriodicalId":33206,"journal":{"name":"REconomy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67263171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/recon.2022.8.4.029
D. Celetti
Relevance. The paper analyzes the development of Vicenza’s jewelry industry with a focus on the region’s resilience to external shocks and on the role that firms’ spatial concentration plays in the way territories respond to crises. The proposed analysis can provide entrepreneurs, managers, and public decision-makers with new insights into how firms’ location patterns influence economic development. Research Objectives. The purpose of this research is to test empirically the correlation between firms’ concentration, and resilience to external shocks. Data and Methods. The study uses the statistical data on the number of employees and active firms within the selected territory provided by Infocamere (Information Society of Italian Trade Chambers) over the last 20 years (2000-2021). These data are used to trace the localization of firms with the help of concentration indexes. By comparing the above-mentioned data, the study tests the correlation between firms’ concentration levels, the sector’s economic performance, and the reaction of territories to external shocks. Results Territories with high concentration levels of firms working in the same sector perform better than other territories. Moreover, territorial concentration increases during and after any adverse external shock. These results are consistent with the research evidence, stressing the relevance of Marshallian-like districts for sharing practices, technology, know-how, access to information, institutional links. These factors, in turn, enhance firms’ resilience to external shocks. Conclusions. The results provide a new understanding of how firms’ location schemes can affect sustainable territorial development.
{"title":"Territorial distribution of economic activities and resilience in Vicenza’s jewelry industry","authors":"D. Celetti","doi":"10.15826/recon.2022.8.4.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/recon.2022.8.4.029","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The paper analyzes the development of Vicenza’s jewelry industry with a focus on the region’s resilience to external shocks and on the role that firms’ spatial concentration plays in the way territories respond to crises. The proposed analysis can provide entrepreneurs, managers, and public decision-makers with new insights into how firms’ location patterns influence economic development. Research Objectives. The purpose of this research is to test empirically the correlation between firms’ concentration, and resilience to external shocks. Data and Methods. The study uses the statistical data on the number of employees and active firms within the selected territory provided by Infocamere (Information Society of Italian Trade Chambers) over the last 20 years (2000-2021). These data are used to trace the localization of firms with the help of concentration indexes. By comparing the above-mentioned data, the study tests the correlation between firms’ concentration levels, the sector’s economic performance, and the reaction of territories to external shocks. Results Territories with high concentration levels of firms working in the same sector perform better than other territories. Moreover, territorial concentration increases during and after any adverse external shock. These results are consistent with the research evidence, stressing the relevance of Marshallian-like districts for sharing practices, technology, know-how, access to information, institutional links. These factors, in turn, enhance firms’ resilience to external shocks. Conclusions. The results provide a new understanding of how firms’ location schemes can affect sustainable territorial development.","PeriodicalId":33206,"journal":{"name":"REconomy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67263525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/recon.2022.8.3.018
O. Sukharev, E. Voronchikhina
Relevance. The modern world economy is going through a period of ‘sanctions wars’ between countries waged openly or covertly through international institutions, with Russia and Iran serving as vivid examples of the first and second cases, respectively. In this connection, it is increasingly useful to analyze the economic development of countries under sanctions in order to gain new insights into how countries function in this changing reality. Research objective. The study aims to comparatively examine the macroeconomic development of Iran and Russia during the sanctions period through a comparative and statistical dynamics analysis of the main macro indicators, including the growth rate and value of base-period GDP, consumption expenditures, gross capital formation, export, import, etc. In theoretical terms, the description of sanctions as an instrument for harming economic development is chosen as a secondary aim in this work. Data and methods. The study is based on the methodology of international comparisons and an analysis of statistical data that can be used to assess the impact of various sanctions on economic development. Results. The uncertain impact of sanctions on economic development is confirmed. The analysis of empirical data collected over a twenty-year period, reveals no clear connection between the dynamics of indicators and the imposition of sanctions (both for Iran and Russia), which is confirmed by an empirical analysis of available time series. Although in some industrial areas, difficulties were observed. In addition, with the imposition of more stringent sanctions in 2012, the Iranian economy experienced a significant decline, followed by its recovery during the adaptation period. Conclusions. A counter-sanctions policy requires the integrative cooperation of targeted countries, which opens up new frontiers of collaboration between Iran and Russia. New forms of international labor division should be created to eliminate the possibility of some countries using sanctions as an instrument against others.
{"title":"Development of countries under sanctions: Iran and Russia","authors":"O. Sukharev, E. Voronchikhina","doi":"10.15826/recon.2022.8.3.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/recon.2022.8.3.018","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The modern world economy is going through a period of ‘sanctions wars’ between countries waged openly or covertly through international institutions, with Russia and Iran serving as vivid examples of the first and second cases, respectively. In this connection, it is increasingly useful to analyze the economic development of countries under sanctions in order to gain new insights into how countries function in this changing reality. Research objective. The study aims to comparatively examine the macroeconomic development of Iran and Russia during the sanctions period through a comparative and statistical dynamics analysis of the main macro indicators, including the growth rate and value of base-period GDP, consumption expenditures, gross capital formation, export, import, etc. In theoretical terms, the description of sanctions as an instrument for harming economic development is chosen as a secondary aim in this work. Data and methods. The study is based on the methodology of international comparisons and an analysis of statistical data that can be used to assess the impact of various sanctions on economic development. Results. The uncertain impact of sanctions on economic development is confirmed. The analysis of empirical data collected over a twenty-year period, reveals no clear connection between the dynamics of indicators and the imposition of sanctions (both for Iran and Russia), which is confirmed by an empirical analysis of available time series. Although in some industrial areas, difficulties were observed. In addition, with the imposition of more stringent sanctions in 2012, the Iranian economy experienced a significant decline, followed by its recovery during the adaptation period. Conclusions. A counter-sanctions policy requires the integrative cooperation of targeted countries, which opens up new frontiers of collaboration between Iran and Russia. New forms of international labor division should be created to eliminate the possibility of some countries using sanctions as an instrument against others.","PeriodicalId":33206,"journal":{"name":"REconomy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67263542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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