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How the Workplace Influences Teachers’ Creativity: A Two-Wave Study on Workplace Bullying, Organisational Bullying Risk Factors and Creativity 工作场所对教师创造力的影响:工作场所欺凌、组织欺凌风险因素与创造力的双波研究
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2023.007
None Elżbieta Strutyńska-Laskus, Kamila Madeja-Bień, Małgorzata Gamian-Wilk
Based on affective events theory, the present two-wave study investigated the predictive role of organisational features and exposure to workplace bullying in generating decreased creativity. Although several inhibitors of creativity at work have been identified, few longitudinal studies have aimed to determine whether affective events such as workplace bullying impact employees’ creativity. In the present two-wave, time-lagged panel design study (N = 261), teachers. completed the Negative Activities Questionnaire, the Risk Assessment of Workplace Bullying Questionnaire and the Creative Behavior Questionnaire twice, with a six-month interval between waves. The results indicate that specific negative workplace conditions – that is, workplace bullying risk factors – in the first wave were related to exposure to workplace bullying in the first and second waves and also led to a decrease in individual creativity in the second wave. Moreover, exposure to workplace bullying in the first wave predicted a drop in two creativity facets, self-realisation and ego strength, in the second wave. However, when organisational factors were included in the model, exposure to bullying no longer predicted a decrease in creative aspects. It is suggested that to promote teachers’ creativity, it is essential to prevent workplace bullying by building a constructive social climate and fostering proper leadership practices.
基于情感事件理论,本研究探讨了组织特征和职场欺凌暴露对创造力下降的预测作用。虽然已经确定了工作中创造力的几种抑制因素,但很少有纵向研究旨在确定诸如工作场所欺凌之类的情感事件是否会影响员工的创造力。在目前的两波、时滞面板设计研究中(N = 261),教师。消极活动问卷、工作场所欺凌风险评估问卷和创造性行为问卷共完成2次,每波间隔6个月。结果表明,第一波中特定的消极工作环境(即工作场所欺凌风险因素)与第一波和第二波中的工作场所欺凌暴露有关,并导致第二波中个人创造力的下降。此外,在第一波遭遇职场霸凌预示着在第二波中两个创造力方面的下降,即自我实现和自我力量。然而,当模型中包含组织因素时,遭受欺凌不再预示着创造力方面的下降。为了促进教师的创造力,必须通过建立建设性的社会氛围和培养适当的领导实践来防止工作场所欺凌。
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引用次数: 0
Teachers' Perceptions of Their Own Competences in View of the Demands of the Professionalisation of the Teaching Profession 从教师专业职业化的要求看教师对自身能力的认知
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2023.004
Dorota Pankowska, Janusz Kirenko, Małgorzata Samujło
Professionalism in the teaching profession plays a significant role in the execution of complex tasks and is based on relevant competences of varying scope and nature. The study conducted in a group of 2151 teachers from the Lubelskie Voivodeship in Poland focused on teachers’ perceptions of their professional competences in terms of their importance, difficulty and decollected. The OIP-II consists of six scales: psychomotor, sensual, imaginational, intellectual OEs, plus emotional sensitivity and emotional empathy. The participants were 116 parents-matic and transgressive. The study used a 40-item questionnaire, describing different areas of teachers’ knowledge, skills and activity, which operationalized broader groups of professional competences. Statistical analyses examined socio-demographic variables: gender, work experience, professional advancement grade, position held, and type and location of the educational establishment.The analysis of the results showed that teachers differentiate their perceptions of competences according to their nature, ranking pragmatic competences as the most important, followed by interpretive and transgressive competences, respectively. They consider the skills andactivities associated with transgressive and pragmatic competences to be more difficult than those associated with interpretive competences. While assessing the mastery of competences, a similar level is observed for interpretive and pragmatic competences and a lower level fortransgressive competences. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that the teachers primarily pay attention to knowledge and practical skills related to the performance of professional tasks, with less appreciation of aspects related to interpretive and transgressive competences. This approach seems insufficient from the perspective of the ongoing professionalisation of the teaching profession and the challenges of 21st-century education.
教师职业的专业性在执行复杂任务中起着重要作用,它建立在不同范围和性质的相关能力的基础上。这项研究对来自波兰Lubelskie省的2151名教师进行了调查,重点关注教师对其专业能力的重要性、难度和可收集性的看法。OIP-II由六个量表组成:精神运动、感官、想象、智力oip,加上情感敏感性和情感共情。参与者中有116人是父母型和越轨型的。该研究使用了一份包含40个项目的问卷,描述了教师知识、技能和活动的不同领域,从而对更广泛的专业能力群体进行了操作。统计分析检查了社会人口变量:性别、工作经验、专业晋升等级、职位以及教育机构的类型和地点。结果分析表明,教师根据能力的性质对能力的看法存在差异,认为语用能力最重要,其次是解释能力和越界能力。他们认为与越界和实用能力相关的技能和活动比与解释能力相关的技能和活动更困难。在评估能力的掌握程度时,在解释和实用能力方面观察到类似的水平,而在侵犯能力方面观察到较低的水平。基于这些结果,我们可以得出结论,教师主要关注与专业任务执行相关的知识和实践技能,而不太重视与解释能力和越界能力相关的方面。从教师职业的持续专业化和21世纪教育的挑战的角度来看,这种方法似乎不够。
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引用次数: 0
Mathematical Resilience and Motivation to Study in Mathematically Gifted Students - Self-Determination Approach 数学资优学生的数学弹性与学习动机-自我决定方法
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2023.001
Tomasz Knopik, Urszula Oszwa
Aim. This study aims to analyse the relationship between mathematical resilience (MR) and motivation (MOT) of mathematically gifted students (MG) through the lens of the self-determination theory (SDT). Questions. Based on a review of the results of previous research, the current study sought answers to four research questions revolving around the relationship between MR and MOT, the predictors of high mathematical achievement, the level and differentiations of dimensions of MR, and the types of MOT in a group of Polish MG high school students aged 16-18 (n = 113). The results of MG group were compared to a comparison group (n = 121). Method. The Mathematical Resilience Scale (MRS-24) and the Motivation to Learn Questionnaire (MLQ-30) were used to measure MR and MOT. Correlation analyses between indicators of the variables, regression analysis and statistical intergroup comparisons were conducted as well. Results. Significant correlations were found between MR and MOT in the MG group. The strongest predictors of high mathematical achievement in the MG appeared to be the students’ beliefs regarding the value of mathematics, along with their overall level of MOT to learn. The level of MR was elevated in the MG and was observed to be significantly higher compared to that in the comparison group. The dimension analysis of MR indicated the particular importance of the perceived values of mathematics as the leading factor in this variable that most strongly differentiated the two groups. The analysis of MOT types in the MG depicted that they manifested mainly intrinsic MOT, identification and introjection, and the level of indicators of these three types of MOT distinguished in the SDT was significantly higher in this group than those in the comparison group. Conclusion. As indicated by the study, the promotion of the social value of mathematics is crucial in shaping students’ MR and MOT as efficient problem-solving tools in school and daily life.
的目标。本研究旨在通过自我决定理论(SDT)分析数学资优学生数学弹性(MR)与动机(MOT)之间的关系。的问题。在回顾以往研究结果的基础上,本研究在一组16-18岁的波兰MG高中学生(n = 113)中,围绕MR与MOT之间的关系、高数学成绩的预测因素、MR维度的水平和差异以及MOT类型,寻求四个研究问题的答案。MG组与对照组(n = 121)进行比较。方法。采用数学弹性量表(MRS-24)和学习动机问卷(MLQ-30)测量MR和MOT。并对各变量指标进行相关性分析、回归分析和组间统计比较。结果。MG组MR与MOT有显著相关性。高数学成绩的最强预测因素似乎是学生对数学价值的信念,以及他们学习的总体水平。MG组MR水平升高,明显高于对照组。MR的维度分析表明,数学的感知价值作为这一变量的主要因素的特别重要性,最强烈地区分了两组。通过对MG中MOT类型的分析,主要表现为内生性MOT、识别性MOT和注入性MOT,且该组在SDT中区分出的这三种MOT的指标水平均显著高于对照组。结论。研究表明,促进数学的社会价值对于塑造学生的MR和MOT作为学校和日常生活中有效的解决问题的工具至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Risk Factors of Gambling Disorder Among Adults – Research Report 成人赌博障碍的危险因素-研究报告
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2023.002
Justyna Kusztal, Małgorzata Piasecka, Aleksandra Nastazjak
The aim of the article is to present the results of research conducted in 2021 in Poland, the subject of which were risk factors of gambling disorder in selected age groups. The research was carried out by means of a systematic review of the literature on the subject, while maintainingthe necessary elements of the PRISMA standard. The research material consisted of Englishlanguage articles selected in a systematic review, published in high-rated scientific journals. The conclusions from the research, including the most common risk factors for gambling disorder, allowed for the formulation of proposals and recommendations in the field of universaland selective prophylaxis addressed to adults.
本文的目的是介绍2021年在波兰进行的研究结果,该研究的主题是特定年龄组中赌博障碍的风险因素。该研究是通过对有关该主题的文献进行系统回顾的方式进行的,同时保持了PRISMA标准的必要要素。研究材料包括在系统综述中选择的英语文章,发表在高评级的科学期刊上。这项研究的结论,包括赌博障碍最常见的危险因素,为制定针对成年人的普遍和选择性预防领域的提案和建议提供了依据。
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引用次数: 0
Parental Involvement in Children’s Remote Education: Examining the Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic 家长参与儿童远程教育:以2019冠状病毒病疫情为例
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2023.008
Joanna Olszewska-Gniadek, Barbara Paulina Ostafińska-Molik, Anna Gaweł
This paper presents the results of a study that aimed to determine how parents were involved in their children’s remote education during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with comparisons at the beginning and at the end of the sanitary regime, and by parents’ education, place of residence, mode of work during the pandemic, number of children they had and the level of education of their child/children. The study was conducted by means of an online survey using two independent measurements: at the beginning of the pandemic and during the fifth wave of the pandemic. A sample of N = 75 respondents was surveyed in Measurement I, and N = 306 in Measurement II. A mixed survey procedure was used. The research tool was a self-administered survey questionnaire. The research found that the introduction of distance learning forced new arrangements for the organisation of home life, existing habits and interaction patterns, with parental involvement in their children’s distance education differentiated by parents’ socio-demographic characteristics. It was also found that recurrent periods of remote learning about the ongoing pandemic were increasingly burdensome for working parents, who did not see the benefits of this education for their children.
本文介绍了一项研究的结果,该研究旨在确定父母在SARS-CoV-2大流行期间如何参与子女的远程教育,并比较了卫生制度开始和结束时的情况,以及父母的教育程度、居住地、大流行期间的工作模式、子女人数和子女的教育水平。这项研究是通过在线调查进行的,使用了两个独立的测量方法:大流行开始时和第五波大流行期间。在测量一中调查了N = 75名受访者,在测量二中调查了N = 306名受访者。采用混合调查程序。研究工具是一份自我管理的调查问卷。研究发现,远程教育的引入迫使家庭生活的组织、现有的习惯和互动模式做出新的安排,父母参与孩子的远程教育的程度因父母的社会人口特征而有所不同。还发现,经常性地远程学习有关当前大流行病的知识,对有工作的父母来说是越来越沉重的负担,因为他们没有看到这种教育对其子女的好处。
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引用次数: 0
Emotional and Motivational School Readiness of Six-Year-Old Children and Parental Support in Mothers’ Assessments 六岁儿童的情绪、动机入学准备及母亲评价中的父母支持
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2023.009
Paulina Michalska, Anna Szymanik-Kostrzewska
The aim of the research was to determine the readiness of 6-year-old children to start school education, especially the emotional and motivational readiness and the level of support for this readiness in the assessment of mothers. 131 mothers of 63 girls and 68 boys participated inthe research. Three proprietary research methods were used: the Child’s Emotional and Motivational Readiness Questionnaire for the Parent, the Parent’s Child’s School Readiness Assessment Questionnaire – version 3 and the Parent’s Questionnaire for Supporting the Child’sEmotional and Motivational Readiness. Both the level of school readiness of children and the level of support were assessed by the surveyed mothers as high. Numerous positive correlations were observed between the manifestations of school readiness and the manifestationsof mothers’ support. Supporting the development of the child’s autonomy and independence turned out to be the predictor of the child’s emotional and motivational readiness.
本研究的目的是确定6岁儿童开始接受学校教育的准备情况,特别是情绪和动机准备情况以及母亲对这种准备情况的支持程度。131名母亲(63名女孩和68名男孩)参与了这项研究。使用了三种专有的研究方法:儿童情绪和动机准备问卷的家长,家长的孩子的学校准备评估问卷-版本3和家长的问卷支持孩子的情绪和动机准备。被调查的母亲认为孩子的入学准备水平和支持水平都很高。在入学准备表现与母亲支持表现之间观察到许多正相关。支持孩子自主性和独立性的发展被证明是孩子情绪和动机准备的预测因子。
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引用次数: 0
The Cognitive Component of Academic Teachers’ Attitudes Towards E-Learning – Research Report 学术教师对网络学习态度的认知成分——研究报告
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2023.005
Krystian Tuczyński
The content of the article was directed at determining the level of the cognitive component of university teachers in relation to the use of e-learning in the process of academic education. The purpose of the research being carried out was to determine the dependence of the cognitive component of academic teachers’ attitudes toward e-learning in higher education on the implementation of a distance learning course in Poland. For the purpose of our own research, a survey method was chosen, while the technique used was questionnaire surveying. The research tool used to determine the cognitive component was a test consisting of a set of 30 purposefully selected single-choice questions with three possible answers. The test consisted of three main parts, and each part contained questions on basic knowledge and specific aspects of the issues discussed. The questions were created to verify the mastered content, which was implemented during a training course designed for university teacherson the use of e-learning in the process of educating students. They were used to determine the scope and depth of knowledge possessed by academic teachers regarding the use of elearning in the academic learning environment. Based on the analysis of the study, it can be noted that the implementation of trainingcourses to improve the teaching and information and communication skills academic teachers at the University of Rzeszow brought an increase in the level of the cognitive component. The task of academic teachers is to self-improve their workshop. The role of lecturers is to constantly update their knowledge using various e-learning technologies for this purpose. A key role is the awareness of the need for lifelong learning in a rapidly developing reality.
本文的内容旨在确定大学教师在学术教育过程中使用电子学习的认知成分的水平。正在进行的研究的目的是确定学术教师对高等教育电子学习态度的认知成分对波兰远程学习课程实施的依赖性。为了我们自己的研究目的,我们选择了调查的方法,而使用的技术是问卷调查。用来确定认知成分的研究工具是一个测试,包括一组30个有目的地选择的单选题,有三个可能的答案。考试由三个主要部分组成,每个部分都包含关于基本知识和所讨论问题的具体方面的问题。这些问题是为了验证掌握的内容,这是在为大学教师在教育学生过程中使用电子学习设计的培训课程中实施的。它们被用来确定学术教师在学术学习环境中使用电子学习所拥有的知识的范围和深度。基于对研究的分析,可以注意到,在热索夫大学实施旨在提高教学和信息沟通技能的培训课程给学术教师带来了认知成分水平的提高。学术教师的任务是自我完善他们的工作坊。讲师的角色是为了实现这一目标而使用各种电子学习技术不断更新他们的知识。一个关键的作用是在快速发展的现实中认识到终身学习的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Positives and Negatives of Distance Education from the Perspective of Teachers with Practical Experience 从实践经验教师的角度看远程教育的利弊
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2023.006
Mariana Sirotová, Lukáš Pieš
The COVID-19 pandemic had overnight affected all areas of traditional life. In the field of education, the classic face-to-face teaching was replaced by distance education at all levels of the educational system not only in Slovakia but in all countries of the world. Teachers, pupils, parents, teaching assistants, special educators or professional staff had had no experience with distance education up to that point. In today’s vulnerable world, the possibility of a combined educational process, in which teaching would be divided between face-to-face and distance education, is being raised more frequently mainly in connection with the energy crisis. Setting the right balance between face-to-face and distance education requires, among other things, defining the positives and negatives of these forms. Given the existing extensive theoretical elaboration of the issue of face-to-face teaching, our study focuses on the positives and negatives of distance education, while using the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through interviews, we collected the views of primary school teachers experienced in distance education. We focused on questions dealing with advantages, disadvantages, forms, methods and overall attitudes towards distance education. The study concludes by categorising the advantages and disadvantages of distance education. Based on the analysis of the responses obtained through semi-structured interviews with six teachers, we found that distance education has more negative than positive aspects. The main negatives include the lack of physical contact and the absence of social interaction. Furthermore, we found that there is low motivation, skipping lessons and lack of attention among upper grade students. Parental support for pupils in the upper grades was rather low. Teachers mainly used Slovak online platforms for distance learning. This study was done in Slovakia.
COVID-19大流行一夜之间影响了传统生活的各个领域。在教育领域,不仅在斯洛伐克,而且在世界各国的各级教育系统中,经典的面对面教学已被远程教育所取代。到那时为止,教师、学生、家长、助教、特别教育工作者或专业工作人员都没有远程教育的经验。在当今脆弱的世界中,主要由于能源危机,人们更频繁地提出了一种联合教育过程的可能性,即教学将分为面对面和远程教育。要在面对面和远程教育之间取得适当的平衡,除其他事项外,还需要确定这些形式的积极和消极。鉴于现有对面对面教学问题的广泛理论阐述,我们的研究主要集中在远程教育的积极和消极方面,同时使用COVID-19大流行时期。通过访谈,我们收集了具有远程教育经验的小学教师的观点。我们集中讨论了远程教育的优势、劣势、形式、方法和整体态度。最后,本研究对远程教育的利弊进行了分类。通过对六位教师的半结构化访谈,我们发现远程教育的负面影响大于正面影响。主要的负面影响包括缺乏身体接触和缺乏社交互动。此外,我们发现高年级学生的学习动机低、逃课和注意力缺乏。家长对高年级学生的支持相当少。教师主要使用斯洛伐克在线平台进行远程学习。这项研究是在斯洛伐克进行的。
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引用次数: 0
Work in the Experience of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities. A Focus Group Research Report 智障人士的工作经验。焦点小组研究报告
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2023.003
Urszula Bartnikowska, Katarzyna Ćwirynkało
Mimo że w literaturze dostrzega się korzyści wynikające z pracy i zatrudnienia dla osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną, niewiele badań poświęconych jest ich doświadczeniom i przeżyciom prezentowanym z ich własnej perspektywy. Artykuł stanowi raport z fenomenograficznych badań fokusowych prowadzonych w czterech grupach dorosłych osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu umiarkowanym lub lekkim. Głównym celem badań było zrozumienie doświadczeń i przeżyć dorosłych osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną związanych z pracą i zatrudnieniem oraz nadawanych im przez te osoby znaczeń. Łącznie badaniom poddano 34 osoby. W wyniku analiz wyłoniono trzy obszary, do których uczestnicy odnosili się, mówiąc o pracy i zatrudnieniu: (1) ich własna osoba - marzenia, oczekiwania, wyobrażenia, możliwości, przekonania i doświadczenia, (2) środowisko - wzorce środowiskowe, wsparcie i bariery, rekrutacja do pracy i możliwości rynku pracy oraz (3) znaczenia nadawane pracy - źródło utrzymania/ zaspokojenia potrzeb bytowych/materialnych, społecznych, emocjonalnych (satysfakcja, zadowolenie) oraz szansa na samorozwój/samorealizację. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły na opracowanie implikacji dla rodziców, praktyków i polityki społecznej w obszarze zatrudnienia osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną.
尽管有文献承认工作和就业对智障人士的益处,但很少有研究从智障人士的角度出发,关注他们的经历和生活体验。本文报告了一项现象学焦点小组研究,研究对象是四组中度至轻度智障成人。研究的主要目的是了解智障成人对工作和就业的体验和意义,以及他们赋予这些体验的意义。共有 34 人接受了调查。分析发现,参与者在谈论工作和就业时会提到三个方面:(1) 他们自己--梦想、期望、看法、可能性、信念和经历,(2) 环境--环境模式、支持和障碍、工作招聘和劳动力市场机会,(3) 赋予工作的意义--生计来源/满足生计/物质需求、社会需求、情感需求(满足、知足)和自我发展/自我实现的机会。所获得的结果为家长、从业人员和社会政策在智障人士就业领域提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
The Importance of Building a Relationship Between Lecturers and Students for Student Satisfaction with Remote Learning 建立师生关系对学生远程学习满意度的重要性
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2023.010
Joanna Turkiewicz, Anna Bęczkowska, Radosław Skrobacki
This article aimed to determine the significance of student-lecturer relationships in the context of remote learning to answer the following question: What is the relationship between student-lecturer relationships and student satisfaction with remote learning, feedback, the assessment process, lecturers’ digital competencies and students’ competencies related to remote learning? To achieve this aim, an online survey was conducted on a sample of 206 students from Milenium University in Gniezno, Poland (return rate approximately 42%) in the spring of 2022. The data were analysed through the application of mediation analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics and the Jamovi software. The main finding of the study is that the student-lecturer relationship is crucial for ensuring students’ satisfaction with remote learning. This paper contributes to the literature by explaining the potential impact of other factors on the student-lecturer relationship variable.
本文旨在确定远程学习背景下师生关系的意义,以回答以下问题:师生关系与学生对远程学习的满意度、反馈、评估过程、讲师的数字能力和学生的远程学习相关能力之间的关系是什么?为了实现这一目标,我们于2022年春季对波兰格涅兹诺千禧大学的206名学生(回报率约为42%)进行了一项在线调查。采用IBM SPSS Statistics和Jamovi软件对数据进行中介分析。本研究的主要发现是师生关系对于确保学生对远程学习的满意度至关重要。本文通过解释其他因素对师生关系变量的潜在影响来贡献文献。
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引用次数: 0
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