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Basic Aspects of the Erotetic Logic and the Role of Questions in Empirical Cognition in Pedagogical Research Practice 情色逻辑的基本方面与经验认知问题在教学研究中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2023.012
Danuta Urbaniak-Zając
The article approaches the basic aspects of the erotetic logic in order to highlight the complexity of the inquiry situation. This complexity is overshadowed by the patterns of everyday communication (after all, everyone has asked questions multiple times). In research practice, the linguistic question form is assumed by the research problem and/or research objectives, and – in cognition based on communication processes – by research tools. The author advocates a clear distinction between questions that determine the examined object and research objectives that justify the examination of this very object. In the context of research tools, she proposes a differentiation between questions about information and questions about experiences, which is relevant to the basic questioning intention specific to quantitative (standardised) and qualitative (non-standardised) research.
本文探讨了情色逻辑的基本方面,以突出探究形势的复杂性。这种复杂性被日常交流的模式所掩盖(毕竟,每个人都问过很多次问题)。在研究实践中,语言问题的形式由研究问题和/或研究目标来假设,而在基于交流过程的认知中,则由研究工具来假设。作者主张明确区分决定被检查对象的问题和证明检查该对象的正当理由的研究目标。在研究工具的背景下,她提出了关于信息的问题和关于经验的问题的区别,这与定量(标准化)和定性(非标准化)研究特有的基本提问意图有关。
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引用次数: 0
Theoretical Foundations and Management Models in Education as a Response to Risk and Uncertainty. Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Education Management Models 教育应对风险与不确定性的理论基础与管理模式。教育管理模式有效性的元分析
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2023.011
Inetta Nowosad, Anna Danuta Weissbrot-Koziarska
The process of building knowledge in the field of management of education started relatively late and it is still being developed. It is also closely interrelated with the effectiveness of educational processes. This article is meant to show the paradigm shift, which is occurring in contemporary education, in which the abandonment of the centralised models of political interventions has resulted in the search for new solutions that would fit into the current need to accelerate the development. This need is reinforced by the pace of the ongoing socio-economic changes, some of which may be difficult or impossible to predict. The situation gives birth to new, more challenging problems as well as to the need to impose new models of education management. It is therefore of utmost importance to provide an overview of the main theoretical positions and management models in education, the evaluation of which is a response to the new prerequisite to cope with risk and uncertainty. The aim of the article is, therefore, to conduct a metanalysis of these theoretical positions and models. The order of the analyses consisted of three key categories (analysis criteria) adopted by the OECD in the description of the education system: input resources, internal school processes and output resources, as well as the relationships between them as the basis for showing the ongoing changes while rejecting the existing paradigms. In English-language literature, systematic literature reviews are already standard today. Hence the proposal to use such a method, the purpose of which is to indicate the need to develop a model for managing education processes in a dynamically changing socio-cultural space based on available publications.
教育管理领域知识建构的进程起步较晚,目前仍处于发展阶段。它还与教育过程的有效性密切相关。本文旨在展示当代教育中正在发生的范式转变,在这种转变中,放弃集中的政治干预模式导致寻求新的解决方案,以适应当前加速发展的需要。目前社会经济变化的速度加强了这种需要,其中一些变化可能难以或不可能预测。这种情况产生了新的、更具挑战性的问题,也需要实施新的教育管理模式。因此,对教育中的主要理论立场和管理模式进行概述是至关重要的,对其进行评估是对应对风险和不确定性的新前提的回应。因此,本文的目的是对这些理论立场和模型进行元分析。分析的顺序由经合组织在描述教育系统时采用的三个关键类别(分析标准)组成:投入资源,内部学校过程和产出资源,以及它们之间的关系,作为展示正在进行的变化同时拒绝现有范式的基础。在英语文学中,系统的文献评论如今已经成为标准。因此,建议使用这种方法,其目的是表明需要根据现有出版物,在动态变化的社会文化空间中发展一种管理教育过程的模式。
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引用次数: 0
Discourses on Research and Researchers: The Case of Portuguese Associated Laboratories 关于研究和研究人员的论述:葡萄牙联合实验室的案例
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2022.019
Sofia Branco Sousa
This paper aims to map knowledge produced by associated laboratories in Portugal using the two-phase model of discourse analysis proposed by Sousa and Magalhães(2013). We analyse the mission of associated laboratories to understand what is (are) the privileged form(s) of knowing in science and the actors involved in that process. Weidentify discourse organisers (phase one of the model) and the way discourses become dominant/excluded (phase two of the model). The application of the two-phase model of discourse analysis enables us to conclude that research is being constructed as academic science in a post-academic world and researchers are presented as “in training” or as professors.
本文旨在利用Sousa和magalh(2013)提出的话语分析的两阶段模型,绘制葡萄牙相关实验室产生的知识图谱。我们分析了相关实验室的使命,以了解什么是科学知识的特权形式以及参与这一过程的参与者。我们确定话语的组织者(模型的第一阶段)和话语成为主导/被排斥的方式(模型的第二阶段)。运用话语分析的两阶段模型,我们可以得出这样的结论:在后学术世界中,研究被构建为学术科学,研究人员被呈现为“培训中”或教授。
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引用次数: 0
Discourse: Education, Theory of Politics, and Politics of Theory 话语:教育、政治理论与理论政治
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2022.016
Tomasz Szkudlarek
In this paper, I revisit and reflect on my own and my research partners’ attempts at investigating the relationship between education and politics through the lens of discourse theory and discourse analysis methodology. This auto-analytical reflection corresponds to the shift in discourse studies from a technically understood discourse analysis to a more generally conceived discourse-analytical approach (Howarth & Torfing, 2005). Revisiting my own analyses made me understand better not only the specificity of the ways of conducting discourse studies in which I have been involved but also some lessobvious ontological assumptions and methodological problems of discourse studies. One such issue is that as long as discourse analysis is powerful in how it shows power relations, and thus politics within non-political phenomena like education, its application to political theory may reveal how its desire for construing social totalities grounds it in the pedagogical.
在本文中,我重新审视和反思了我自己和我的研究伙伴试图通过话语理论和话语分析方法论来研究教育与政治之间的关系。这种自动分析的反思与话语研究从技术上理解的话语分析向更普遍的话语分析方法的转变相对应(Howarth & Torfing, 2005)。重新审视我自己的分析,不仅使我更好地理解了我所参与的话语研究方法的特殊性,而且也更好地理解了话语研究中一些不太明显的本体论假设和方法论问题。一个这样的问题是,只要话语分析在如何显示权力关系方面是强大的,从而在非政治现象(如教育)中显示政治,它在政治理论中的应用可能会揭示它对构建社会总体的渴望是如何将其建立在教学基础上的。
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引用次数: 0
Students with Dyslexia in Universities in Poland – Description of the Legal Situation and Good Practices 波兰大学中有阅读障碍的学生-法律状况和良好做法的描述
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2022.024
Michalina Ignaciuk, Marta Łockiewicz
The aim of this article was to analyse the currently functioning system of support for students with dyslexia at state universities in Poland and to identify and assess goodpractices that are already being implemented. The research method used was desk research (reviewing both formal and informal documents) and included university websites andnational and local legal regulations. The results showed that only nine (15%) state universities in Poland introduced concrete forms of support for the students with dyslexia and the faculty, such as exam concessions (six universities), consultations with a specialist (for students: six universities; for teachers: five universities), and provision of information and educational materials (nine universities). A comparison of the Polish support system for students with dyslexia with that of the UK resulted in a list of recommendations, including the extension of the examination time by 25% of the basic time, the assessment of written assignments solely on the basis of content and not on the correctness of spelling and changes in the format of an exam (from written to oral).
本文的目的是分析波兰国立大学目前为阅读障碍学生提供支持的系统,并确定和评估已经实施的良好做法。使用的研究方法是案头研究(审查正式和非正式文件),包括大学网站以及国家和地方法律法规。结果显示,波兰只有九所(15%)州立大学为有阅读障碍的学生和教职员工提供了具体形式的支持,如考试优惠(六所大学)、咨询专家(学生:六所大学;教师:五所大学)以及提供信息和教育材料(九所大学)。波兰对阅读障碍学生的支持系统与英国的支持系统进行了比较,得出了一系列建议,包括将考试时间延长基本时间的25%,仅根据内容而非拼写正确性评估书面作业,以及改变考试形式(从书面改为口头)。
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引用次数: 0
The Well-Being of the Academic Community During the COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19大流行期间学术界的福祉
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2022.029
Beata Przyborowska, Piotr Błajet, Małgorzata Fopka-Kowalczyk
Since 2020, the entire world has been struggling with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The constant increase in the number of sick and dying people and the need for quarantine and social distancing have significantly affected the functioning of people, regardless of their background, age and activities. This article aims to examine the level of well-being among the academic community of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Poland based on the concept of Ken Wilber. To this end, a self-administered questionnaire was developed to assess the overall well-being, as well as the respondents’ well-being related to emotions, relationships, health, and the sense of security and satisfaction experienced during the pandemic. A total of 1,164 university employees and 1,601 doctoral and other students participated in the study. Teachers represented the highest levels of overall well-being, scoring higher than doctoral students and undergraduates. The older the respondents, the higher the perceived levels of overall well-being. These findings indicate that doctoral and other students are struggling with reduced levels of well-being and a reduced sense of the quality of life, displaying signs of emotional difficulties, anxiety and fear. 
自2020年以来,整个世界都在与SARS-CoV-2大流行作斗争。患病和死亡人数的不断增加,以及隔离和保持社交距离的必要性,极大地影响了人们的功能,无论其背景、年龄和活动如何。本文旨在根据肯·威尔伯(Ken Wilber)的概念,研究波兰哥白尼大学学术界的幸福水平。为此,制定了一份自我管理的问卷,以评估总体幸福感,以及受访者在大流行期间与情绪、人际关系、健康以及安全感和满足感相关的幸福感。共有1164名大学员工和1601名博士和其他学生参与了这项研究。教师代表了最高水平的整体幸福感,得分高于博士生和本科生。受访者年龄越大,整体幸福感水平越高。这些发现表明,博士生和其他学生正在与幸福感下降和生活质量下降作斗争,表现出情绪困难、焦虑和恐惧的迹象。
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引用次数: 0
The Activities of Local Government Municipal Units in Shaping Inclusive Education in Poland 波兰地方政府市政单位在塑造全纳教育中的活动
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2022.030
Beata Skotnicka, Sebastian Mrózek
The mechanisms of financing are key in reducing educational differences. Therefore, the provision of financing for systemic solutions and structures that facilitate the development of inclusive education is one of the key factors influencing the creation of this education model and its practical implementation. Among the organs responsible for organizing and implementing inclusive education in Poland are units of local government, which by implementing the local policy are obliged to take into account solutions that promote inclusion both in broadly understood social and educational activities. The objective of this study is to present research results pertaining to the role of local government units in shaping inclusive education and in promoting the idea of inclusion, as well as the preliminary identification of good practice in this field. The research was conducted using the focus interview method. The focus groups consisted of selected representatives the faculties/departments of education of municipal local government units which were diverse in terms of structure. It can be seen that the activities of local government units are important in terms of creating inclusive education and that they constitute the basis for the dissemination of good practice. A significant role is also assigned to the documents they create, such as municipal strategies and education financing plans.
筹资机制是缩小教育差异的关键。因此,为促进全纳教育发展的系统解决方案和结构提供资金是影响这一教育模式的创建及其实际实施的关键因素之一。在波兰,负责组织和实施全纳教育的机构包括地方政府单位,它们在执行地方政策时有义务考虑在广泛理解的社会和教育活动中促进包容性的解决办法。本研究的目的是展示有关地方政府单位在塑造全纳教育和促进全纳理念方面的作用的研究成果,以及初步确定该领域的良好做法。本研究采用焦点访谈法进行。重点小组由选出的代表组成,这些代表来自市政地方政府单位的教育院系/部门,它们的结构各不相同。可以看出,地方政府单位的活动在创造包容性教育方面是重要的,它们构成了传播良好做法的基础。他们创建的文件也发挥了重要作用,例如市政战略和教育融资计划。
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引用次数: 0
​Levels and Forms of Political Participation in Selected Youth Organisations Operating in Poland ​波兰部分青年组织的政治参与水平和形式
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2022.023
Magdalena Cuprjak, Celina Czech-Włodarczyk
The purpose of the paper is to present the results of research concerning contemporary levels and forms of political participation of young people involved in selected youth organisations operating in Poland. The research was qualitative. Data collection involved a search of secondary data sources. All the available documents posted on the websites of the investigated organisations, including their statutes, rules and regulations, and reports and accounts covering activities and operations, as well as social media (FB) posts, were analysed. An induction method was used to provide an analysis of the content of the data for the “participation” category. Our results show that the main forms of political participation that the youth organisations demonstrate in the analysed documents are social and educational campaigns, demonstrations and notifications of important dates with different intensities on the local, national, and international levels.
本文的目的是介绍有关参与波兰选定青年组织的青年当代政治参与水平和形式的研究结果。这项研究是定性的。数据收集涉及对辅助数据源的搜索。分析了被调查组织网站上发布的所有可用文件,包括其章程、规则和条例、涵盖活动和运营的报告和账户,以及社交媒体(FB)帖子。采用归纳法对“参与”类别的数据内容进行分析。我们的研究结果表明,青年组织在分析的文件中表现出的主要政治参与形式是社会和教育运动、示威活动以及在地方、国家和国际层面上不同强度的重要日期通知。
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引用次数: 0
Pandemic Burnout, Depression, and Anxiety Among Adolescents: A Network Analysis 青少年流行病倦怠、抑郁和焦虑:一个网络分析
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2022.026
M. Moroń, Karina Atłas
The COVID-19 pandemic could be regarded as a chronic psychological burden that may lead to prolonged, unmanageable stress, e.g. burnout. Previous studies on COVID-19 have indicated that pandemic burnout was frequent in the general population and could beregarded as a risk factor for psychopathological symptomatology (e.g. depression, anxiety).This study used a network approach to investigate the associations between pandemic burnout symptoms and symptoms of depression and anxiety among Polish adolescents. A total of 389 adolescents participated in a survey in two stages: in June 2021 (shortly after students’ return to schools after the COVID-19 lockdowns were lifted; n = 181) and in September 2021 (shortly after the beginning of the new school year; n = 208). Data were collected by means of a survey aimed at measurement of anxiety, depression, and symptoms of COVID-19 burnout. The network analysis indicated that (1) pandemic burnout is rather a separate syndrome of symptoms compared to depression and anxiety; (2) emotional and mental exhaustion symptoms such as feelings of hopelessness andworthlessness were central to pandemic burnout; (3) the stability of the pandemic burnout symptoms was relatively low, indicating that this syndrome could be dynamic or internally heterogenic.
新冠肺炎大流行可被视为一种慢性心理负担,可能导致长期的、无法控制的压力,例如倦怠。先前对新冠肺炎的研究表明,大流行性倦怠在普通人群中很常见,可能被视为精神病理症状(如抑郁、焦虑)的一个危险因素。本研究使用网络方法调查了波兰青少年的大流行性倦怠症状与抑郁和焦虑症状之间的关系。共有389名青少年分两个阶段参加了调查:2021年6月(新冠肺炎封锁解除后学生返校后不久;n=181)和2021年9月(新学年开始后不久;n=208)。数据是通过一项旨在测量焦虑、抑郁和新冠肺炎倦怠症状的调查收集的。网络分析表明:(1)与抑郁和焦虑相比,疫情倦怠是一种独立的症状综合征;(2) 情绪和精神疲惫症状,如绝望感和无价值感,是大流行倦怠的核心;(3) 大流行性倦怠症状的稳定性相对较低,表明该综合征可能是动态的或内部异质性的。
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引用次数: 0
“It’s Creative Stuff!” The REF Impact Agenda and the Discursive (Re)Positioning of Academics “这是创造性的东西!”REF影响议程与学者话语(再)定位
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.12775/pbe.2022.017
Johannes Angermuller, M. Wróblewska
The higher education sector is increasingly subject to formal evaluation practices. Individuals, institutions and entire systems are assessed, evaluated and ranked by actors from the public and private sectors. Existing research often focuses on the goals, values and criteria of academic evaluation. In this article, however, we discuss evaluation as a discursive practice consisting of academics positioning themselves across different social arenas. Closer scrutiny will be applied to the evaluation of (extra-academic) impact as defined by the British Research Excellence Framework (REF). Based on interview data collected in the context of REF 2014, we analyse how academics negotiate their subject positions linguistically and socially across different academic arenas. As positioning experts, academics respond to the challenges of institutional evaluation by switching between different and often contradictory logics. We present both the theoretical background – social perspectives on polyphonic subjectivity – and a methodological approach to evaluation as a practice of positioning and repositioning by academics in the social world of academia.
高等教育部门越来越受到正式评价做法的影响。个人、机构和整个系统由公共和私营部门的行为者进行评估、评价和排名。现有的研究往往侧重于学术评价的目标、价值和标准。然而,在本文中,我们讨论评价作为一种话语实践,由学者在不同的社会领域定位自己。根据英国卓越研究框架(REF)的定义,将对(学术外)影响的评估进行更严格的审查。基于REF 2014背景下收集的访谈数据,我们分析了学者如何在不同的学术领域在语言和社会上协商他们的学科立场。作为定位专家,学者们通过在不同的、往往是矛盾的逻辑之间转换来应对制度评估的挑战。我们提出了理论背景——复调主体性的社会视角——以及作为学术界在社会世界中定位和重新定位的实践的评估方法。
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引用次数: 0
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Przeglad Badan Edukacyjnych
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