The article points out the high complexity and multidimensionality of the hot social issue of poverty as well as the related unemployment, and the precariousness of people with disabilities in Poland. The author notes that despite the currently promoted pro-inclusion activities and solutions for their benefit in connection with the implementation the assumptions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Poland, with insufficient support, these problems may multiply and aggravate the disability and special needs of these people. People with disabilities still too often live in conditions of poverty that have a negative impact on their development and functioning in all spheres or areas of social life, as well as in the open labour market. In the process of compensating for the shortcomings related to having been brought up in a poor family, education has a significant role to play. Therefore, the author stresses its significant importance for the process of equalizing educational opportunities for children, as well as for the weaknesses noticed in its space, which hinder this process. The author pays equal attention to the threat of these people with unemployment and precariousness, which often destabilize their lives and hinder inclusion in the local and wider community.
{"title":"Social and Educational Context of the Poverty of People with Disabilities in Poland","authors":"Zdzisława Janiszewska-Nieścioruk","doi":"10.12775/pbe.2021.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/pbe.2021.040","url":null,"abstract":"The article points out the high complexity and multidimensionality of the hot social issue of poverty as well as the related unemployment, and the precariousness of people with disabilities in Poland. The author notes that despite the currently promoted pro-inclusion activities and solutions for their benefit in connection with the implementation the assumptions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Poland, with insufficient support, these problems may multiply and aggravate the disability and special needs of these people. People with disabilities still too often live in conditions of poverty that have a negative impact on their development and functioning in all spheres or areas of social life, as well as in the open labour market. In the process of compensating for the shortcomings related to having been brought up in a poor family, education has a significant role to play. Therefore, the author stresses its significant importance for the process of equalizing educational opportunities for children, as well as for the weaknesses noticed in its space, which hinder this process. The author pays equal attention to the threat of these people with unemployment and precariousness, which often destabilize their lives and hinder inclusion in the local and wider community.","PeriodicalId":33219,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Badan Edukacyjnych","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48616877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research problem discussed in this text concerns the specificity of parental teleological awareness, the components of which, in accordance with a constructed theoretical framework, are parental attitudes towards the child-rearing goals, types of their teleological awareness and the content of the child-rearing goals. The considerations are based on the results of the surveys that were conducted in central Poland. The research sample consisted of 212 parents who have filled the survey questionnaire that consisted of both open-ended and closedended questions. The results show that within the study group of parents, the child-rearing activity is usually deliberate, and that one can identify 4 types of parental teleological awareness (passive and active, as well as primary and secondary), with active and secondary being the dominant ones. Regardless of the fact that the content of the child-rearing goals within the said group is characterised by diversity, they usually form internally coherent system. In terms of preferred goals, one can observe the tendency among the parents to declare the intentions to pursue the objectives related to universal values, having a negotiable meaning, more often than not with individualistic rather than social qualities, and those assuming the child’s subjectivity in the process of achieving them. The stated (verbalized) goals usually refer to postulated vision of a human being or his/her features.
{"title":"Parental Teleological Awareness Based on Research Conducted in Central Poland","authors":"Edyta Zawadzka","doi":"10.12775/pbe.2021.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/pbe.2021.030","url":null,"abstract":"The research problem discussed in this text concerns the specificity of parental teleological awareness, the components of which, in accordance with a constructed theoretical framework, are parental attitudes towards the child-rearing goals, types of their teleological awareness and the content of the child-rearing goals. The considerations are based on the results of the surveys that were conducted in central Poland. The research sample consisted of 212 parents who have filled the survey questionnaire that consisted of both open-ended and closedended questions. The results show that within the study group of parents, the child-rearing activity is usually deliberate, and that one can identify 4 types of parental teleological awareness (passive and active, as well as primary and secondary), with active and secondary being the dominant ones. Regardless of the fact that the content of the child-rearing goals within the said group is characterised by diversity, they usually form internally coherent system. In terms of preferred goals, one can observe the tendency among the parents to declare the intentions to pursue the objectives related to universal values, having a negotiable meaning, more often than not with individualistic rather than social qualities, and those assuming the child’s subjectivity in the process of achieving them. The stated (verbalized) goals usually refer to postulated vision of a human being or his/her features.","PeriodicalId":33219,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Badan Edukacyjnych","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66630628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present article is to draw attention to the informative value of selected types of source materials which may provide a basis for research on childhood and childhood in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. At the same time, an attempt will be made to indicate the sorts of research problems which can be analyzed using these sources. Some types of sources will be discussed in more depth, with emphasis on those that are particularly rich and valuable in terms of information about children and childhood, but have not yet been fully exploited by researchers in historical and pedagogical analyses, have been used only occasionally, or have even been ignored altogether. The informative potential of the source materials for the study of history of children and childhood will be presented using the examples of such written sources as women’s, family and children’s press, diaries and memoirs, children’s literature, guidebooks, as well as iconographic sources. Comparing and combining sources, as well as considering them in a complementary manner may contribute to reconstructing the as yet incomplete picture of childhood and children in the Polish historiography of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
{"title":"Sources for Research on Childhood and Childhood History in Poland in the 19th and Early 20th Century – Selected Problems","authors":"M. Borowska","doi":"10.12775/pbe.2021.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/pbe.2021.042","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present article is to draw attention to the informative value of selected types of source materials which may provide a basis for research on childhood and childhood in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. At the same time, an attempt will be made to indicate the sorts of research problems which can be analyzed using these sources. Some types of sources will be discussed in more depth, with emphasis on those that are particularly rich and valuable in terms of information about children and childhood, but have not yet been fully exploited by researchers in historical and pedagogical analyses, have been used only occasionally, or have even been ignored altogether.\u0000The informative potential of the source materials for the study of history of children and childhood will be presented using the examples of such written sources as women’s, family and children’s press, diaries and memoirs, children’s literature, guidebooks, as well as iconographic sources. Comparing and combining sources, as well as considering them in a complementary manner may contribute to reconstructing the as yet incomplete picture of childhood and children in the Polish historiography of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.","PeriodicalId":33219,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Badan Edukacyjnych","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47238568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The profession of a physician is a profession of social responsibility, in which medical competence should go hand in hand with non-medical competences. Mental strain, physical fatigue and entanglement in the administrative system can result in chronic stress and contribute to professional burnout, affecting both the well-being of medical staff and the quality of medical care provided. The Author’s intention is to promote mindfulness and compassion training that are considered to be protective and promoting the well-being of physicians resources in conditions of exposure to occupational stress. The analysis was based on 197 documents retrieved from the PubMed/Medline, Science Direct/Scopus databases in years 2008–2017, referring to the impact of mindfulness and compassion training on professional burnout among physicians. Only 21 papers retrieved from the scientific bases met inclusion criteria, referring to the impact of mindfulness and compassion training on professional burnout among physicians. Increasing concentration, improving memory, reducing the level of stress, anxiety and depression and strengthening kindness attitude are the basis for mindfulness and compassion training, which also supports the ability of unreactive responses to difficult situations, develops communication between the physician and the patient.
{"title":"Is Mindfulness and Compassion Training Advisable in Alleviating Professional Burnout Among Physicians? Dilemmas and Possibilities in Healthcare System","authors":"Krystyna Boroń Krupińska, Małgorzata Sekułowicz","doi":"10.12775/pbe.2021.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/pbe.2021.038","url":null,"abstract":"The profession of a physician is a profession of social responsibility, in which medical competence should go hand in hand with non-medical competences. Mental strain, physical fatigue and entanglement in the administrative system can result in chronic stress and contribute to professional burnout, affecting both the well-being of medical staff and the quality of medical care provided. The Author’s intention is to promote mindfulness and compassion training that are considered to be protective and promoting the well-being of physicians resources in conditions of exposure to occupational stress.\u0000The analysis was based on 197 documents retrieved from the PubMed/Medline, Science Direct/Scopus databases in years 2008–2017, referring to the impact of mindfulness and compassion training on professional burnout among physicians. Only 21 papers retrieved from the scientific bases met inclusion criteria, referring to the impact of mindfulness and compassion training on professional burnout among physicians. Increasing concentration, improving memory, reducing the level of stress, anxiety and depression and strengthening kindness attitude are the basis for mindfulness and compassion training, which also supports the ability of unreactive responses to difficult situations, develops communication between the physician and the patient.","PeriodicalId":33219,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Badan Edukacyjnych","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66631060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emotions are an important aspect of teachers’ professional work, and therefore, developing their emotional competences is an important element of teacher training. The aim of the article is to answer the question whether, in the process of preparing teachers to perform their professional role, attention is paid to issues related to the emotions. The theoretical perspective of our research is provided by the socio-constructivist concepts of emotions and emotional competences. We refer primarily to the theories of Steven Gordon and Carolyn Saarni. The research problem focuses on the question: how are the emotional competences of teachers constructed/presented in the academic education curriculum in Poland? We searched for an answer to the problem by means of critical discourse analysis (CDA), which is one of the most useful research perspectives for studying the relationship between socio-cultural and discursive changes. The source of discursive data is the document that constitutes the legal basis regulating the teacher education process in Poland, i.e. Regulation of the Minister of Science and Higher Education. Our research revealed that in Polish academic education there is a technical-instrumental discourse in force, which is related to the traditional model of teacher training. This has a decisive impact on both the structure of the teacher training curriculum in Poland and the marginal importance of the role of emotions in teachers’ work. The performed analysis may contribute to the improvement of educational practice and, consequently, to the improvement of the quality of academic education.
{"title":"The (un)presence of emotions in teacher education. A critical analysis of the academic curriculum discourse in Poland","authors":"Renata Góralska, M. Kosiorek","doi":"10.12775/pbe.2021.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/pbe.2021.035","url":null,"abstract":"Emotions are an important aspect of teachers’ professional work, and therefore, developing their emotional competences is an important element of teacher training. The aim of the article is to answer the question whether, in the process of preparing teachers to perform their professional role, attention is paid to issues related to the emotions. The theoretical perspective of our research is provided by the socio-constructivist concepts of emotions and emotional competences. We refer primarily to the theories of Steven Gordon and Carolyn Saarni. The research problem focuses on the question: how are the emotional competences of teachers constructed/presented in the academic education curriculum in Poland? We searched for an answer to the problem by means of critical discourse analysis (CDA), which is one of the most useful research perspectives for studying the relationship between socio-cultural and discursive changes. The source of discursive data is the document that constitutes the legal basis regulating the teacher education process in Poland, i.e. Regulation of the Minister of Science and Higher Education. Our research revealed that in Polish academic education there is a technical-instrumental discourse in force, which is related to the traditional model of teacher training. This has a decisive impact on both the structure of the teacher training curriculum in Poland and the marginal importance of the role of emotions in teachers’ work. The performed analysis may contribute to the improvement of educational practice and, consequently, to the improvement of the quality of academic education.","PeriodicalId":33219,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Badan Edukacyjnych","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48103197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to present the results of a study on the subjective interpretation and the construction of biographies by parents of children with ADHD. The research was driven by insufficient knowledge regarding the definition of the support offered at school to a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among parents and to determine what is important and unique from a parental perspective. The presented studies were constructivist, interpretative studies using the biographical method. Narrative interviews were conducted with parents of children with ADHD living in Poland. Reconstruction of their parental experiences allowed an understanding of their individual feelings and experiences, which showed “the truth” about the educational support provided to a child. The aim of the studies was a reconstruction of the narrative and an analysis of the subjective meanings which parents give to the educational support that is offered to their children at school. The central thesis took the form of a question: How did parents interpret their own experiences related to educational support given at school to a child with ADHD? The analysis of the narration shows different parental experiences regarding the educational support received. The reality reconstructed by examined parents is complex and consists of hope and expectations, but also doubts, powerlessness and helplessness. Some parts of the narration are poignant, sorrowful and rife with feelings of loneliness, which is a consequence of misunderstanding a specific child’s needs. The other parts of the narrative are dominated by happiness and joy caused by the support that a student received and its effects. By speaking about the help which was received at school, the parents expose their personal feelings towards that event, and they show their individual interpretation of the reality that they experienced. They give subjective meaning to a narrative that they feel is significant.
{"title":"Educational Support of a Student with ADHD. An Analysis of Parents’ Biographical Experiences","authors":"Iwona Myśliwczyk","doi":"10.12775/pbe.2021.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/pbe.2021.029","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present the results of a study on the subjective interpretation and the construction of biographies by parents of children with ADHD. The research was driven by insufficient knowledge regarding the definition of the support offered at school to a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among parents and to determine what is important and unique from a parental perspective.\u0000The presented studies were constructivist, interpretative studies using the biographical method. Narrative interviews were conducted with parents of children with ADHD living in Poland. Reconstruction of their parental experiences allowed an understanding of their individual feelings and experiences, which showed “the truth” about the educational support provided to a child. The aim of the studies was a reconstruction of the narrative and an analysis of the subjective meanings which parents give to the educational support that is offered to their children at school. The central thesis took the form of a question: How did parents interpret their own experiences related to educational support given at school to a child with ADHD? The analysis of the narration shows different parental experiences regarding the educational support received. The reality reconstructed by examined parents is complex and consists of hope and expectations, but also doubts, powerlessness and helplessness. Some parts of the narration are poignant, sorrowful and rife with feelings of loneliness, which is a consequence of misunderstanding a specific child’s needs. The other parts of the narrative are dominated by happiness and joy caused by the support that a student received and its effects. By speaking about the help which was received at school, the parents expose their personal feelings towards that event, and they show their individual interpretation of the reality that they experienced. They give subjective meaning to a narrative that they feel is significant.","PeriodicalId":33219,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Badan Edukacyjnych","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66630566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the article the authors present the results of the research based on in-depth interviews with 22 young gays and lesbians, graduates of different types schools in Poland. The main goal of the research was to indicate how, in the opinions of the respondents, the issue of homosexuality was addressed in schools they attended and how these particular ways of treating homosexuality might be related to the wider socio-cultural context. The qualitative analysis of the narratives with the application of thematic analysis of the data let the authors identify four main categories comprising the ways of dealing with the issue of homosexuality (silence, pathologising attitude, the language of sin, pogrom and alternativeless heterosexuality). The authors associate these ways of treating homosexuality with the socio-political context, particularly with the impact of the conservative Catholic church and neo-liberal turn, both of which triggered an ideological backlash in education, resulting in marginalisation of a range of issues in school curricula and permission to use homophobic language in public sphere, including educational settings.
{"title":"Between the Holy Cross and Free Market. Addressing the Issue of Homosexuality in the Narratives of Former Students in Polish Schools","authors":"M. Pogorzelska, Paweł Rudnicki","doi":"10.12775/pbe.2021.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/pbe.2021.007","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the authors present the results of the research based on in-depth interviews with 22 young gays and lesbians, graduates of different types schools in Poland. The main goal of the research was to indicate how, in the opinions of the respondents, the issue of homosexuality was addressed in schools they attended and how these particular ways of treating homosexuality might be related to the wider socio-cultural context. The qualitative analysis of the narratives with the application of thematic analysis of the data let the authors identify four main categories comprising the ways of dealing with the issue of homosexuality (silence, pathologising attitude, the language of sin, pogrom and alternativeless heterosexuality). The authors associate these ways of treating homosexuality with the socio-political context, particularly with the impact of the conservative Catholic church and neo-liberal turn, both of which triggered an ideological backlash in education, resulting in marginalisation of a range of issues in school curricula and permission to use homophobic language in public sphere, including educational settings.","PeriodicalId":33219,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Badan Edukacyjnych","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66630327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the results of qualitative research on the narratives of non-heteronormative parents living in Poland. The method of collecting data was partially guided interview. The parents were a couple of women (a trans woman and a cisgender woman) aged 40. The examined woman did not undergo a medical or legal transition. The women were married and raised their child together. The article presents an analysis of humor in the couple’s narrative. The research was guided by the following research questions: In what contexts does humour appear? What styles of humour are present in the narrative? What function does the humour have? Which attachment style characterises the interactions between the partners? Which attachment style characterises the interactions between the parents and the child? What is the relationship between the development of the parents’ sexual/gender identities and their process of forming bonds in the couple? It was shown that during the interview, the couple joked in three main contexts: interaction with the child, sexual and gender identity, and sharing of household chores. The analysis of the style of humor, the psychological functions of humor and the attachment style of the women was made.
{"title":"Humour Style, Identity, and Attachment Processes – An Analysis of Narratives from Nonheteronormative Parents Living in Poland","authors":"M. Kowalska","doi":"10.12775/pbe.2021.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/pbe.2021.008","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of qualitative research on the narratives of non-heteronormative parents living in Poland. The method of collecting data was partially guided interview. The parents were a couple of women (a trans woman and a cisgender woman) aged 40. The examined woman did not undergo a medical or legal transition. The women were married and raised their child together. The article presents an analysis of humor in the couple’s narrative. The research was guided by the following research questions: In what contexts does humour appear? What styles of humour are present in the narrative? What function does the humour have? Which attachment style characterises the interactions between the partners? Which attachment style characterises the interactions between the parents and the child? What is the relationship between the development of the parents’ sexual/gender identities and their process of forming bonds in the couple? It was shown that during the interview, the couple joked in three main contexts: interaction with the child, sexual and gender identity, and sharing of household chores. The analysis of the style of humor, the psychological functions of humor and the attachment style of the women was made.","PeriodicalId":33219,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Badan Edukacyjnych","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66629873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magdalena Kazimierska-Zając, Karolina Marek, L. Jakubowska
The research problem consisted in the question: “What opportunities and limitations in the use of virtual reality (VR) in education do educators/health sciences specialists notice?”. The opinion on the use of VR in education was formed thanks to a combination of two perspectives of the educators: a learner’s perspective (the experience of immersion in VR), and a teacher’s perspective (professional experience). Methodological triangulation was employed, with both the quantitative and qualitative perspectives used. The following tools were employed in the research: The positive and negative emotions scale (SUPIN), version S.20 and the SDVR Questionnaire. The research was conducted at the Department of Health Sciences of the Wroclaw Medical University in Wroclaw, Poland, between October, 2019 and April, 2020. The research group consisted of 30 people specialising in various areas of health sciences. Specialists in health sciences believe that VR is a method which can make the process of ORYGINALNE ARTYKUŁY BADAWCZE 62 education more attractive and facilitate achievement in the areas of knowledge, competences, and skills. The trainings in which educators can experience immersion in VR not only make it possible to generate ideas on how to use the equipment, but they also reduce their concerns as to using it. The realism of the experiences, the positive emotions, the multidimensionality of the images during immersion make it possible to employ VR in various areas of education in which VR may be treated as a means to practice clinical situations in a safe environment, as well as a tool illustrating various realms of knowledge (such as, e.g., human anatomy). What is considered by educators as the greatest obstacle in the popularisation of VR in education is the limited access to equipment. Other difficulties include: adapting software to the subject curriculum, working in large groups, and competences of the educators.
{"title":"Virtual Reality in Teaching and Learning – Experiences and Opinions of Educators","authors":"Magdalena Kazimierska-Zając, Karolina Marek, L. Jakubowska","doi":"10.12775/pbe.2021.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/pbe.2021.004","url":null,"abstract":"The research problem consisted in the question: “What opportunities and limitations in the use of virtual reality (VR) in education do educators/health sciences specialists notice?”. The opinion on the use of VR in education was formed thanks to a combination of two perspectives of the educators: a learner’s perspective (the experience of immersion in VR), and a teacher’s perspective (professional experience). Methodological triangulation was employed, with both the quantitative and qualitative perspectives used. The following tools were employed in the research: The positive and negative emotions scale (SUPIN), version S.20 and the SDVR Questionnaire. The research was conducted at the Department of Health Sciences of the Wroclaw Medical University in Wroclaw, Poland, between October, 2019 and April, 2020. The research group consisted of 30 people specialising in various areas of health sciences. Specialists in health sciences believe that VR is a method which can make the process of ORYGINALNE ARTYKUŁY BADAWCZE 62 education more attractive and facilitate achievement in the areas of knowledge, competences, and skills. The trainings in which educators can experience immersion in VR not only make it possible to generate ideas on how to use the equipment, but they also reduce their concerns as to using it. The realism of the experiences, the positive emotions, the multidimensionality of the images during immersion make it possible to employ VR in various areas of education in which VR may be treated as a means to practice clinical situations in a safe environment, as well as a tool illustrating various realms of knowledge (such as, e.g., human anatomy). What is considered by educators as the greatest obstacle in the popularisation of VR in education is the limited access to equipment. Other difficulties include: adapting software to the subject curriculum, working in large groups, and competences of the educators.","PeriodicalId":33219,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Badan Edukacyjnych","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66630099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sylwia Opozda-Suder, Kinga Karteczka-Świętek, Małgorzata Michel
The aim of this article is to present the evaluation of psychometric properties of an original tool for measuring the propensity to adopt conformist attitudes in adolescents the Conformist Attitudes Scale (SPK-II). The objective was achieved based on the results of exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis using a bi-factor model. Analyses were performed on a polychoric correlation matrix using the WLSMV estimator. The Geomin oblique rotation was used for the EFA. Data for the validation study were collected in Poland in 2012 and 2020 from 256 and 245 students aged 16-19, respectively. Of the solutions tested, the bi-factor model proved to be the best fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.052; CFI = 0.964; TLI = 0.953). Based on the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, coefficients omega (ω), and ECV, the scale was found to have high reliability. At the same time, the stability of the scale’s latent structure, its dimensionality and reliability were positively verified by comparing the estimates for the data from 2012 and 2020. METODY ZBIERANIA I ANALIZY DANYCH W BADANIACH EDUKACYJNYCH 230 The analyses conducted allowed the researchers to assume that the SPK-II latent factor structure model consists of a general factor and three subfactors. The subfactors correspond to subscales which measure specified attributes of a general propensity to adopt conformist attitudes: lack of self-confidence, submissiveness to others and passivity in expressing one’s own views. The SPK-II fills a gap consisting in the absence of standardized research tools whose diagnostic spectrum is concerned with measuring the general propensity to adopt conformist attitudes in adolescents, taking into account attributes around which the conformity is focused. Its application enables studying conformity as an important adaptation mechanism in adolescence and predicting individual behaviour in various social situations related to participation in peer groups.
本文的目的是用顺应主义态度量表（SPK-II）来评估青少年采用顺应主义态度倾向的原始工具的心理测量特性。该目标是基于使用双因素模型的探索性（EFA）和验证性（CFA）因素分析的结果实现的。使用WLSMV估计器对多色相关矩阵进行分析。Geomin倾斜旋转用于EFA。验证研究的数据分别于2012年和2020年在波兰从256名和245名16-19岁的学生中收集。在测试的解决方案中，双因素模型被证明是最适合数据的（RMSEA=0.052；CFI=0.964；TLI=0.953）。基于Cronbach的α系数、ω系数和ECV，该量表具有很高的可靠性。同时，通过比较2012年和2020年数据的估计值，对量表潜在结构的稳定性、维度和可靠性进行了积极验证。METODY ZBIERANIA I ANALIZE DANYCH W BADANIACH EDUKACYJNYCH 230进行的分析使研究人员能够假设SPK-II潜在因子结构模型由一个一般因子和三个子因子组成。亚因素对应于分量表，这些分量表衡量了采取墨守成规态度的一般倾向的特定属性：缺乏自信、对他人顺从以及在表达自己观点时被动。SPK-II填补了缺乏标准化研究工具的空白，这些工具的诊断谱涉及测量青少年采取顺从态度的普遍倾向，并考虑到顺从所关注的属性。它的应用使我们能够研究一致性作为青春期的一种重要适应机制，并预测与参与同伴群体相关的各种社会情境中的个人行为。
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