Hieu T. Le, Hoai Thi Phuong Dinh, Quynh H.T. Pham, Hoang D. Tran, Minh T. Nguyen
Intradural disk herniation (IDH) represents an uncommon instance of disk degeneration. The surgical treatment of IDH, preoperative, and intraoperative diagnosis are difficult. The present case report highlights difficult parts of diagnosis and surgery. A 44-year-old man presented with lower back pain radiating to his right leg. A disk protruding into the ventral dural sac and exhibiting the hawk-beak sign was discovered by MRI. The dorsal side was exposed and incised during L3/4 laminectomy, a puncture on the ventral side was detected, and subsequently, three fragments extending into the dura sac were discovered. The defect was corrected and completed internal fixing was done. Pathology identified it as nucleus pulposus tissue. At one-month follow-up, he was able to walk normally. An incredibly uncommon form of disc degeneration is lumbar IDH. MRI can assist in the diagnosis, however, surgical investigation and pathology are necessary for an accurate diagnosis.
{"title":"Difficulties in Diagnosis and Operation Associated With Lumbar Intradural Disc Herniation: A Case Report","authors":"Hieu T. Le, Hoai Thi Phuong Dinh, Quynh H.T. Pham, Hoang D. Tran, Minh T. Nguyen","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"Intradural disk herniation (IDH) represents an uncommon instance of disk degeneration. The surgical treatment of IDH, preoperative, and intraoperative diagnosis are difficult. The present case report highlights difficult parts of diagnosis and surgery. A 44-year-old man presented with lower back pain radiating to his right leg. A disk protruding into the ventral dural sac and exhibiting the hawk-beak sign was discovered by MRI. The dorsal side was exposed and incised during L3/4 laminectomy, a puncture on the ventral side was detected, and subsequently, three fragments extending into the dura sac were discovered. The defect was corrected and completed internal fixing was done. Pathology identified it as nucleus pulposus tissue. At one-month follow-up, he was able to walk normally. An incredibly uncommon form of disc degeneration is lumbar IDH. MRI can assist in the diagnosis, however, surgical investigation and pathology are necessary for an accurate diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"41 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prevalent worldwide, affecting approximately 8-12% of children. Early detection and effective treatment of ADHD are crucial for improving academic, social, and emotional outcomes. Despite numerous studies on ADHD detection, existing models still lack accuracy distinguishing between ADHD and healthy control (HC) children. Methods: This study introduces an innovative methodology that utilizes granger causality (GC), a well-established brain connectivity analysis technique, to reduce the required EEG electrodes. We computed GC indexes (GCI) for the entire brain and specific brain regions, known as regional GCI, across different frequency bands. Subsequently, these GCIs were transformed into color-coded images and fed into a custom-developed 11-layer convolutional neural network. Results: The proposed model is evaluated through a five-fold cross-validation, achieving the highest accuracy of 99.80% in the gamma frequency band for the entire brain and an accuracy of 98.50% in distinguishing the theta frequency band of the right hemisphere of ADHD and HC children by only using eight electrodes. Conclusion: The proposed framework provides a powerful automated tool for accurately classifying ADHD and HC children. The study’s outcome demonstrates that the innovative proposed methodology utilizing GCI and a custom-developed convolutional neural network can significantly improve ADHD detection accuracy, improving affected children’s overall quality of life.
{"title":"EEG-Based Effective Connectivity Analysis for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Detection Using Color-Coded Granger-Causality Images and Custom Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Farhad Abedinzadeh Torghabeh, Yegane Modaresnia, Seyyed Abed Hosseini","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prevalent worldwide, affecting approximately 8-12% of children. Early detection and effective treatment of ADHD are crucial for improving academic, social, and emotional outcomes. Despite numerous studies on ADHD detection, existing models still lack accuracy distinguishing between ADHD and healthy control (HC) children. Methods: This study introduces an innovative methodology that utilizes granger causality (GC), a well-established brain connectivity analysis technique, to reduce the required EEG electrodes. We computed GC indexes (GCI) for the entire brain and specific brain regions, known as regional GCI, across different frequency bands. Subsequently, these GCIs were transformed into color-coded images and fed into a custom-developed 11-layer convolutional neural network. Results: The proposed model is evaluated through a five-fold cross-validation, achieving the highest accuracy of 99.80% in the gamma frequency band for the entire brain and an accuracy of 98.50% in distinguishing the theta frequency band of the right hemisphere of ADHD and HC children by only using eight electrodes. Conclusion: The proposed framework provides a powerful automated tool for accurately classifying ADHD and HC children. The study’s outcome demonstrates that the innovative proposed methodology utilizing GCI and a custom-developed convolutional neural network can significantly improve ADHD detection accuracy, improving affected children’s overall quality of life.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139279092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Arachnoid cysts are formations containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). They may be associated with the subarachnoid space. This feature is a factor that can affect the change in the size of arachnoid cysts over time. Hounsfield Unit (HU) value measurements provide rational numeric representation of imaging of tissues in computed tomography (CT) examinations. In this study, we aimed to define isolated or communicated arachnoid cysts, and whether arachnoid cysts communicate with the subarachnoid distance, with the HU values obtained in CT examinations. Methods: Patients with radiological diagnosis of arachnoid cyst were identified retrospectively by examining the CT database. HU value measurements were recorded over the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) in the area where the arachnoid cyst was detected. HU value measurements are a method that rationally shows the amount of radiograph absorption of tissues in CT examinations. HU value measurements were performed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and arachnoid cysts, and whether arachnoid cysts had equal HU values with CSF. They were defined as homogeneous or heterogeneous by measuring HU values in different regions of arachnoid cysts. Results: Data on 478 cases were obtained. An average of 2.82 CT scans were detected per case. A change in arachnoid cyst size was detected in 47 (9.8%) cases. In cases of arachnoid cysts of varying size, the mean HU value of arachnoid cysts was 9.32±1.93 (6.43±1.67 in the lateral ventricle and 7.04±1.71 in the fourth ventricle). HU value of arachnoid cysts with a change in size significantly differed from CSF. Conclusion: Arachnoid cysts with HU values equal to CSF are not real arachnoid cysts, and significant volume changes are not expected. Arachnoid cysts, which have a different HU value than CSF, may secrete a different fluid from CSF. This type of arachnoid cyst is a real cyst that can be detected in various sizes on CT examinations at different times since they are not in communication with the subarachnoid space.
背景：蛛网膜囊肿是一种含有脑脊液（CSF）的病变。它们可能与蛛网膜下腔有关。这一特征是影响蛛网膜囊肿大小随时间变化的一个因素。Hounsfield 单位（HU）值测量为计算机断层扫描（CT）检查中的组织成像提供了合理的数字表示。在这项研究中，我们旨在通过 CT 检查中获得的 HU 值来定义孤立或沟通的蛛网膜囊肿，以及蛛网膜囊肿是否与蛛网膜下腔距离沟通。方法通过检查 CT 数据库，对经放射学诊断为蛛网膜囊肿的患者进行回顾性鉴定。通过图像存档和通信系统（PACS）记录发现蛛网膜囊肿区域的 HU 值测量结果。HU 值测量是一种合理显示 CT 检查中组织对射线吸收量的方法。HU值测量在脑脊液（CSF）和蛛网膜囊肿中进行，以及蛛网膜囊肿是否与CSF具有相同的HU值。通过测量蛛网膜囊肿不同区域的 HU 值，将其定义为均质或异质。结果：共获得 478 个病例的数据。每个病例平均检测到 2.82 次 CT 扫描。发现蛛网膜囊肿大小发生变化的有 47 例（9.8%）。在不同大小的蛛网膜囊肿病例中，蛛网膜囊肿的平均 HU 值为 9.32±1.93（侧脑室为 6.43±1.67，第四脑室为 7.04±1.71）。蛛网膜囊肿大小变化的 HU 值与 CSF 显著不同。结论HU 值与 CSF 相同的蛛网膜囊肿并非真正的蛛网膜囊肿，预计其体积不会发生显著变化。蛛网膜囊肿的 HU 值与 CSF 不同，可能分泌与 CSF 不同的液体。这类蛛网膜囊肿是真正的囊肿，由于与蛛网膜下腔不相通，因此在不同时间的 CT 检查中可以发现不同大小的囊肿。
{"title":"The Relationship Between Arachnoid Cysts and the Subarachnoid Space by Hounsfield Unit Value in Computed Tomography Scans: Identification of Isolated and Communicating Arachnoid Cysts in a Cohort Study","authors":"Ziya Asan","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Arachnoid cysts are formations containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). They may be associated with the subarachnoid space. This feature is a factor that can affect the change in the size of arachnoid cysts over time. Hounsfield Unit (HU) value measurements provide rational numeric representation of imaging of tissues in computed tomography (CT) examinations. In this study, we aimed to define isolated or communicated arachnoid cysts, and whether arachnoid cysts communicate with the subarachnoid distance, with the HU values obtained in CT examinations. Methods: Patients with radiological diagnosis of arachnoid cyst were identified retrospectively by examining the CT database. HU value measurements were recorded over the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) in the area where the arachnoid cyst was detected. HU value measurements are a method that rationally shows the amount of radiograph absorption of tissues in CT examinations. HU value measurements were performed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and arachnoid cysts, and whether arachnoid cysts had equal HU values with CSF. They were defined as homogeneous or heterogeneous by measuring HU values in different regions of arachnoid cysts. Results: Data on 478 cases were obtained. An average of 2.82 CT scans were detected per case. A change in arachnoid cyst size was detected in 47 (9.8%) cases. In cases of arachnoid cysts of varying size, the mean HU value of arachnoid cysts was 9.32±1.93 (6.43±1.67 in the lateral ventricle and 7.04±1.71 in the fourth ventricle). HU value of arachnoid cysts with a change in size significantly differed from CSF. Conclusion: Arachnoid cysts with HU values equal to CSF are not real arachnoid cysts, and significant volume changes are not expected. Arachnoid cysts, which have a different HU value than CSF, may secrete a different fluid from CSF. This type of arachnoid cyst is a real cyst that can be detected in various sizes on CT examinations at different times since they are not in communication with the subarachnoid space.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139312211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system. Given the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of MS and the anti-inflammatory effect of Atropa belladonna (AB), the aim of this study was to determine the effect of AB on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in MOG35-55 induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: Thirty-two purebred C57BL/6 mice, weighing (20±2g) were randomly assigned to the 4 groups: control, and three experimental groups: EAE, EAE+AB100, and EAE+AB300 that after EAE induction received 0, 100, and 300 mg/kg AB daily. AB was dissolved in PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) and the volume of gavage in all groups was 100 µL. After 30 days, the mice were weighed, anesthetized with ether and blood was collected directly from the heart. Specific animal ELISA kits measured the inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-17, IL-4, and TNF-α). One-way ANOVA with Duncan post hoc test was used for comparison between groups. Results: EAE increased serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-17, and decreased IL-10 and IL-4 compared to the control group. AB significantly decreased the mean level of TNF-α, IL-17 and increased IL-10 and IL-4 compared with EAE group. The effect of 300 mg/ kg was clearly better than 100 mg/kg. There was also a significant difference between the control group and the 300 mg/kg group. Conclusion: In the present study, AB plant extract increased serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreased proinflammatory cytokines in the MS animal model.
{"title":"The Positive Effect of <i>Atropa belladonna</i> on Inflammatory Cytokines in the Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Hassanali Abedi, Mehdi Karimi, Najmeh Sadeghi, Hossein Kargar Jahromi, Maryam Jalali Jahromi, Afsaneh Ranjbar, Aref Bagherzadeh, Sepideh Dialameh","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system. Given the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of MS and the anti-inflammatory effect of Atropa belladonna (AB), the aim of this study was to determine the effect of AB on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in MOG35-55 induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: Thirty-two purebred C57BL/6 mice, weighing (20±2g) were randomly assigned to the 4 groups: control, and three experimental groups: EAE, EAE+AB100, and EAE+AB300 that after EAE induction received 0, 100, and 300 mg/kg AB daily. AB was dissolved in PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) and the volume of gavage in all groups was 100 µL. After 30 days, the mice were weighed, anesthetized with ether and blood was collected directly from the heart. Specific animal ELISA kits measured the inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-17, IL-4, and TNF-α). One-way ANOVA with Duncan post hoc test was used for comparison between groups. Results: EAE increased serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-17, and decreased IL-10 and IL-4 compared to the control group. AB significantly decreased the mean level of TNF-α, IL-17 and increased IL-10 and IL-4 compared with EAE group. The effect of 300 mg/ kg was clearly better than 100 mg/kg. There was also a significant difference between the control group and the 300 mg/kg group. Conclusion: In the present study, AB plant extract increased serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreased proinflammatory cytokines in the MS animal model.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"53 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Headache is a common cause of hospital visits and admissions throughout the world. Headaches may be primary or secondary; the primary one being far more common. Although the primary cases by far outnumber the secondary cases the role of the physician is to separate the benign causes from the more sinister ones. Using clinical examination and history alone this can often be a mountain-moving task. However, radiology can help as a problem-solving tool in equivocal cases. This case series highlights the role of radiological imaging in four cases of chronic headaches that were being treated empirically as primary headaches for a long time before neuroimaging revealed a secondary cause.
{"title":"Unexpected Outcomes for Headache Under Evaluation; A Case Series of Four Cases","authors":"Uddalok Das, Debasish Dey","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2023.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2023.09","url":null,"abstract":"Headache is a common cause of hospital visits and admissions throughout the world. Headaches may be primary or secondary; the primary one being far more common. Although the primary cases by far outnumber the secondary cases the role of the physician is to separate the benign causes from the more sinister ones. Using clinical examination and history alone this can often be a mountain-moving task. However, radiology can help as a problem-solving tool in equivocal cases. This case series highlights the role of radiological imaging in four cases of chronic headaches that were being treated empirically as primary headaches for a long time before neuroimaging revealed a secondary cause.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 1880s, German physician Georg Greiner coined the concept of “brain fog” to describe the cognitive deficits associated with delirium. The term “brain fog” has been used intermittently since then to describe sluggish cognition. It gained popularity again in the 1990s as a way to describe chronic fatigue syndrome and some autoimmune diseases. However, there are no diagnostic criteria for brain fog and it is not a medical condition.1The term “brain fog” describes cognitive difficulties that are increasingly used colloquially. Long-term COVID-19 is characterized by persistent symptoms following a COVID-19 diagnosis that cannot be explained by any other illness. Persistent symptoms following COVID-19 are often described as “brain fog.” Brain fog syndrome, which is associated with excessive academic strain, was revived in the 1960s and was included in the DSM-IV.2As a result of post-COVID-19 infection, residual cognitive impairment (“brain fog”) often interferes with work and daily activities.3 Recent investigations have shown that fungal co-infections significantly affect the morbidity and mortality of patients with COVID-19.
{"title":"Is Brain Fog a Temporary or Life-long Condition?","authors":"Afshan Niknafs","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2023.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2023.08","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1880s, German physician Georg Greiner coined the concept of “brain fog” to describe the cognitive deficits associated with delirium. The term “brain fog” has been used intermittently since then to describe sluggish cognition. It gained popularity again in the 1990s as a way to describe chronic fatigue syndrome and some autoimmune diseases. However, there are no diagnostic criteria for brain fog and it is not a medical condition.1The term “brain fog” describes cognitive difficulties that are increasingly used colloquially. Long-term COVID-19 is characterized by persistent symptoms following a COVID-19 diagnosis that cannot be explained by any other illness. Persistent symptoms following COVID-19 are often described as “brain fog.” Brain fog syndrome, which is associated with excessive academic strain, was revived in the 1960s and was included in the DSM-IV.2As a result of post-COVID-19 infection, residual cognitive impairment (“brain fog”) often interferes with work and daily activities.3 Recent investigations have shown that fungal co-infections significantly affect the morbidity and mortality of patients with COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135187694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The perioperative management of brain tumors can be significantly impacted by the presence of another intracranial tumor at a distinct location. We report a rare case of an adult who developed two primary brain tumors, a frontal convexity meningioma and a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor at anatomically disparate locations. In our patient, it was unambiguously decided to address the CPA tumor first as it had led to multiple cranial nerve palsies and obstructive hydrocephalus. The relevant literature helped us better extrapolate the patient presentation and management of this disastrous presentation swiftly.
{"title":"Coexistence of Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor and Frontal Convexity Meningioma at Distinct Location – A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"Shalendra Singh, Aarthy Kumaraguru, Ankit Kumar, Munish Sood","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2023.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2023.07","url":null,"abstract":"The perioperative management of brain tumors can be significantly impacted by the presence of another intracranial tumor at a distinct location. We report a rare case of an adult who developed two primary brain tumors, a frontal convexity meningioma and a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor at anatomically disparate locations. In our patient, it was unambiguously decided to address the CPA tumor first as it had led to multiple cranial nerve palsies and obstructive hydrocephalus. The relevant literature helped us better extrapolate the patient presentation and management of this disastrous presentation swiftly.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The human body continuously reveals the status of several organs through biomedical signals. Over time, biomedical signal acquisition, monitoring, and analysis have captured the attention of many scientists for further prediction, diagnosis, decision-making, and recognition. Recently, building an intelligent emotion recognition system has become a challenging issue using the application of signal processing. Frequently, human emotion classification was proposed utilizing the internal body status in dealing with affective provocations. However, external states, such as eye movements, have been claimed to convey practical information about the participant’s emotions. In this study, we proposed an automatic emotion recognition scheme through the analysis of a single-modal eye-blinking variability. Methods: Initially, the signal was transformed into a 2D space using the Verhulst diagram, a simple analysis based on the signal’s dynamics. Next, some innovative features were introduced to characterize the maps. Then, the extracted measures were inputted to the support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (kNN). The former classifier was evaluated with three kernel functions, including RBF, linear, and polynomial. The latter performances were examined with different values for k. Moreover, the classification results were assessed in two feature-set partitioning modes: a 5-fold and 10-fold cross-validation. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference between neutral/fear and neutral/sadness for all Verhulst indices. Also, the average values of these characteristics were higher for fear and sadness than those of other emotions. Our results indicated a maximum rate of 100% for the fear/neutral classification. Therefore, the suggested Verhulst-based approach was supremely talented in emotion classification and analysis using eye-blinking signals. Conclusion: The novel biomarkers set the scene for designing a simple accurate emotion recognition system. Additionally, this experiment could fortify the territory of ocular affective computing, and open a new horizon for diagnosing or treating various emotion deficiency disorders.
{"title":"Innovative Measures of Verhulst Diagram for Emotion Recognition using Eye-Blinking Variability","authors":"Atefeh Goshvarpour, Ateke Goshvarpour","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2023.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2023.06","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The human body continuously reveals the status of several organs through biomedical signals. Over time, biomedical signal acquisition, monitoring, and analysis have captured the attention of many scientists for further prediction, diagnosis, decision-making, and recognition. Recently, building an intelligent emotion recognition system has become a challenging issue using the application of signal processing. Frequently, human emotion classification was proposed utilizing the internal body status in dealing with affective provocations. However, external states, such as eye movements, have been claimed to convey practical information about the participant’s emotions. In this study, we proposed an automatic emotion recognition scheme through the analysis of a single-modal eye-blinking variability. Methods: Initially, the signal was transformed into a 2D space using the Verhulst diagram, a simple analysis based on the signal’s dynamics. Next, some innovative features were introduced to characterize the maps. Then, the extracted measures were inputted to the support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (kNN). The former classifier was evaluated with three kernel functions, including RBF, linear, and polynomial. The latter performances were examined with different values for k. Moreover, the classification results were assessed in two feature-set partitioning modes: a 5-fold and 10-fold cross-validation. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference between neutral/fear and neutral/sadness for all Verhulst indices. Also, the average values of these characteristics were higher for fear and sadness than those of other emotions. Our results indicated a maximum rate of 100% for the fear/neutral classification. Therefore, the suggested Verhulst-based approach was supremely talented in emotion classification and analysis using eye-blinking signals. Conclusion: The novel biomarkers set the scene for designing a simple accurate emotion recognition system. Additionally, this experiment could fortify the territory of ocular affective computing, and open a new horizon for diagnosing or treating various emotion deficiency disorders.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135708259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eman Hamdy, Ismail Ramdan, Jaidaa Mekky, Aya Abdel Gleel, Dina Gaber
Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a marker of blood-brain barrier destruction, that is elevated during clinical relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS). In between relapses, MMP-9 levels decline but remain higher than the normal population. This study aimed to investigate the relation between serum MMP-9 level and disease activity in MS during relapse-free periods. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted on adult patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) whose last relapse was≥1 month ago. Serum MMP-9 was withdrawn at the time of recruitment and correlated with parameters of disease activity. Results: Of the 40 patients recruited, 75% were women. The mean age was 36.2±8.4 years, and the mean disease duration was 7 years. Patients’ median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was 3.5 (IQR: 2.5-5.25), the median duration since the last relapse was 3 months, and the median duration since last corticosteroid administration was 6 months. On multivariate regression analysis, there was a significant association between serum MMP-9 levels and duration since the last relapse (B: -0.004, 95% CI: -0.007- -0.002, P=0.001) as well as duration since the last corticosteroid intake (B: -0.003, 95% CI: -0.006- -0.001, P=0.005). Conclusion: Serum MMP-9 levels correlated with the duration since last relapse and duration since last corticosteroids administration during relapse-free periods.
{"title":"Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Level and Previous Disease Activity in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Eman Hamdy, Ismail Ramdan, Jaidaa Mekky, Aya Abdel Gleel, Dina Gaber","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2023.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a marker of blood-brain barrier destruction, that is elevated during clinical relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS). In between relapses, MMP-9 levels decline but remain higher than the normal population. This study aimed to investigate the relation between serum MMP-9 level and disease activity in MS during relapse-free periods. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted on adult patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) whose last relapse was≥1 month ago. Serum MMP-9 was withdrawn at the time of recruitment and correlated with parameters of disease activity. Results: Of the 40 patients recruited, 75% were women. The mean age was 36.2±8.4 years, and the mean disease duration was 7 years. Patients’ median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was 3.5 (IQR: 2.5-5.25), the median duration since the last relapse was 3 months, and the median duration since last corticosteroid administration was 6 months. On multivariate regression analysis, there was a significant association between serum MMP-9 levels and duration since the last relapse (B: -0.004, 95% CI: -0.007- -0.002, P=0.001) as well as duration since the last corticosteroid intake (B: -0.003, 95% CI: -0.006- -0.001, P=0.005). Conclusion: Serum MMP-9 levels correlated with the duration since last relapse and duration since last corticosteroids administration during relapse-free periods.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135130507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: We aimed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient values (ADC) and intra-tumoral susceptibility signals (ITSS) in differentiating meningiomas and schwannomas. Methods: This retrospective study included 41 patients with 23 histopathologically proven meningiomas (20 patients with benign meningioma and 3 patients with high-grade meningioma) and 18 schwannomas. We calculated the mean ADC values and ADC ratio from ADC maps and intratumoral susceptibility signals (ITSS) in susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for all patients. The quantitative variables were compared between the tumor groups using t test and the qualitative variables were compared between them using Chi-square test. Results: In this study, the mean ADC value of meningiomas (0.86±0.11×10-3 mm2 /s, range 0.67-1.04) was lower than schwannomas (1.32±0.16×10-3 mm2 /s, range 1.10-1.65) with no overlap in the range of ADC values. The mean ADC ratio of schwannomas (2.0±0.29, range 1.45- 2.58) was higher than meningiomas (1.24±0.17, range 0.83-1.64) with some overlap. We found significant difference in mean ADC value and ADC ratio between meningiomas and schwannomas. The presence of intratumoral microhemorrhages (ITSS-H) in SWI was more suggestive of schwannomas and the presence of calcification was in favor of benign meningiomas. We did not find any significant difference in mean ADC value and ADC ratio between benign and high-grade meningiomas with considerable overlap in their range. Conclusion: Additional magnetic resonance imaging findings such as ADC values and ITSS in SWI can help better pre-operative diagnosis of meningiomas and schwannomas, particularly in challenging patients.
{"title":"Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values and Intra-tumoral Susceptibility Signals in Meningiomas and Schwannomas: Useful Tools for Challenging Cases","authors":"Sweta Swaika, Akshara Gupta, Sourabh Agarwal","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2023.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2023.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We aimed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient values (ADC) and intra-tumoral susceptibility signals (ITSS) in differentiating meningiomas and schwannomas. Methods: This retrospective study included 41 patients with 23 histopathologically proven meningiomas (20 patients with benign meningioma and 3 patients with high-grade meningioma) and 18 schwannomas. We calculated the mean ADC values and ADC ratio from ADC maps and intratumoral susceptibility signals (ITSS) in susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for all patients. The quantitative variables were compared between the tumor groups using t test and the qualitative variables were compared between them using Chi-square test. Results: In this study, the mean ADC value of meningiomas (0.86±0.11×10-3 mm2 /s, range 0.67-1.04) was lower than schwannomas (1.32±0.16×10-3 mm2 /s, range 1.10-1.65) with no overlap in the range of ADC values. The mean ADC ratio of schwannomas (2.0±0.29, range 1.45- 2.58) was higher than meningiomas (1.24±0.17, range 0.83-1.64) with some overlap. We found significant difference in mean ADC value and ADC ratio between meningiomas and schwannomas. The presence of intratumoral microhemorrhages (ITSS-H) in SWI was more suggestive of schwannomas and the presence of calcification was in favor of benign meningiomas. We did not find any significant difference in mean ADC value and ADC ratio between benign and high-grade meningiomas with considerable overlap in their range. Conclusion: Additional magnetic resonance imaging findings such as ADC values and ITSS in SWI can help better pre-operative diagnosis of meningiomas and schwannomas, particularly in challenging patients.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136041890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：