Background: The central nervous system (CNS) is optimizing arm movements to reduce some kind of cost function. Simulating parts of the nervous system is one way of obtaining accurate information about the neurological and treatment of neuromuscular diseases. The main purpose of this paper is to model and control the human arm in a reaching movement based on reinforcement learning theory (RL).Methods: First, Zajac’s muscle model is improved by a fuzzy system. Second, the proposed muscle model applied to the six muscles which are responsible for a two-link arm that move in the horizontal plane. Third, the model parameters are approximated based on genetic algorithm (GA). Experimental data recorded from normal subjects for assessing the approach. At last, reinforcement learning algorithm is utilized to guide the arm for reaching task.Results: The results show that: 1) The proposed system is temporally similar to a real arm movement. 2) The reinforcement learning algorithm has the ability to generate the motor commands which are obtained from EMGs. 3) The similarity of obtained activation function from the system is compared with the real data activation function which may prove the possibility of reinforcement learning in the central nervous system (Basal Ganglia). Finally, in order to have a graphical and effective representation of the arm model, virtual reality environment of MATLAB has been used.Conclusions: Since reinforcement learning method is a representative of the brain's control function, it has some features, such as better settling time, not having any peek overshoot and robustness.
{"title":"Modelling and Control Human Arm with Fuzzy-Genetic Muscle Model Based on Reinforcement Learning: The Muscle Activation Method","authors":"F. N. Rahatabad","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2020.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2020.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The central nervous system (CNS) is optimizing arm movements to reduce some kind of cost function. Simulating parts of the nervous system is one way of obtaining accurate information about the neurological and treatment of neuromuscular diseases. The main purpose of this paper is to model and control the human arm in a reaching movement based on reinforcement learning theory (RL).Methods: First, Zajac’s muscle model is improved by a fuzzy system. Second, the proposed muscle model applied to the six muscles which are responsible for a two-link arm that move in the horizontal plane. Third, the model parameters are approximated based on genetic algorithm (GA). Experimental data recorded from normal subjects for assessing the approach. At last, reinforcement learning algorithm is utilized to guide the arm for reaching task.Results: The results show that: 1) The proposed system is temporally similar to a real arm movement. 2) The reinforcement learning algorithm has the ability to generate the motor commands which are obtained from EMGs. 3) The similarity of obtained activation function from the system is compared with the real data activation function which may prove the possibility of reinforcement learning in the central nervous system (Basal Ganglia). Finally, in order to have a graphical and effective representation of the arm model, virtual reality environment of MATLAB has been used.Conclusions: Since reinforcement learning method is a representative of the brain's control function, it has some features, such as better settling time, not having any peek overshoot and robustness.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"138-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43236637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The brain has four lobes consist of frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal. Most researchers have reported that the left occipitotemporal region of the brain, which is the combined region of the occipital and temporal lobes, is less active in children with dyslexia like Sklar, Glaburda, Ashkenazi and Leisman.Methods: There are different methods and tools to investigate how the brain works, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG). Among these, EEG determines the electrical activity of the brain with the electrodes placed on the special areas on the scalp. In this research, we processed the EEG signals of dyslexic children and healthy ones to determine what the areas of the brain are most likely to cause the disease.Results: For this purpose, we extracted 43 features, including relative spectral power (RSP) features, mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, Hjorth, and AR parameters. Then an SVM classifier is used to separate two classes. Finally, we show the particular brain activation pattern by calculating the correlation coefficients and co-occurrence matrices, which suggests the activation of the working memory region as an active area.Conclusion: By identifying the brain areas involved in reading activity, it has expected that psychologists and physicians will be able to design the therapeutic exercises to activate this part of the brain.
{"title":"The Effective Brain Areas in Recognition of Dyslexia","authors":"R. Shali, S. Setarehdan","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2020.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2020.16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The brain has four lobes consist of frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal. Most researchers have reported that the left occipitotemporal region of the brain, which is the combined region of the occipital and temporal lobes, is less active in children with dyslexia like Sklar, Glaburda, Ashkenazi and Leisman.Methods: There are different methods and tools to investigate how the brain works, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG). Among these, EEG determines the electrical activity of the brain with the electrodes placed on the special areas on the scalp. In this research, we processed the EEG signals of dyslexic children and healthy ones to determine what the areas of the brain are most likely to cause the disease.Results: For this purpose, we extracted 43 features, including relative spectral power (RSP) features, mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, Hjorth, and AR parameters. Then an SVM classifier is used to separate two classes. Finally, we show the particular brain activation pattern by calculating the correlation coefficients and co-occurrence matrices, which suggests the activation of the working memory region as an active area.Conclusion: By identifying the brain areas involved in reading activity, it has expected that psychologists and physicians will be able to design the therapeutic exercises to activate this part of the brain.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"147-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42651174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Instruction: The current study reports a woman with pituitary adenoma and frontal convexity meningioma that was detected accidentially. To the best of our knowledge, this case is considered as a rare clinical scenario.Case presentation: A 37 years old woman suffering from amenorrhea and galactorrhea had her detail investigation showed hyperprolactinemia. The patient was diagnosed with a prolactinoma, and a frontal convexity meningioma was discovered on MRI. The prolactinoma controlled with Bromocriptine therapy, while the meningioma monitored through medical observation. After two months of pharmaceutical medication, her symptoms improved with the decrease in serum prolactin.Conclusion: Thanks to sophisticated MRI techniques, meningioma and prolactinoma were incidentally detected. It should be noted that co-morbidity of prolactinoma and meningioma is very rare. The mechanism of the association between these two familiar types of intracranial tumors has not yet been clarified, which indicates the need for further studies to offer possible targeted treatment for patients.Keyword: Meningiomas; Prolactinomas; Pituitary adenomas.
{"title":"Co-Morbidity of Pituitary Adenoma and Frontal Convexity Meningioma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"H. Dinh, T. D. Mai, Tri V Truong","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2020.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2020.17","url":null,"abstract":"Instruction: The current study reports a woman with pituitary adenoma and frontal convexity meningioma that was detected accidentially. To the best of our knowledge, this case is considered as a rare clinical scenario.Case presentation: A 37 years old woman suffering from amenorrhea and galactorrhea had her detail investigation showed hyperprolactinemia. The patient was diagnosed with a prolactinoma, and a frontal convexity meningioma was discovered on MRI. The prolactinoma controlled with Bromocriptine therapy, while the meningioma monitored through medical observation. After two months of pharmaceutical medication, her symptoms improved with the decrease in serum prolactin.Conclusion: Thanks to sophisticated MRI techniques, meningioma and prolactinoma were incidentally detected. It should be noted that co-morbidity of prolactinoma and meningioma is very rare. The mechanism of the association between these two familiar types of intracranial tumors has not yet been clarified, which indicates the need for further studies to offer possible targeted treatment for patients.Keyword: Meningiomas; Prolactinomas; Pituitary adenomas.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"153-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45807791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Shabahang, S. J. Emadi, F. Bagheri Sheykhangafshe, Abbas Ali Hossien Khanzadeh, S. M. Mousavi
Background: Alzheimer's disease is predicted to increase dramatically in the near future. Alzheimer caregiving brings about serious problems for caregivers. Considering corrosive consequences of Alzheimer’s disease on Alzheimer caregivers, finding an effective intervention is necessary. Thus, the present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of CBTAC protocol on burdens of Alzheimer’s disease on caregivers and their sense of coherence. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest control group design. The target population included all mild Alzheimer’s disease patients and their caregivers referred to neurology ward of the hospitals in Rasht during summer 2018. According to the medical records and results of screening, 40 mild Alzheimer’s disease patients and their caregivers were recruited by convenience sampling method. After sampling, research participants were randomly assigned into two experimental (n= 20) and wait list control (n= 20) groups. The Impact of Alzheimer’s Disease on Caregiver Questionnaire and Sense of Coherence Scale were used to measure burdens of Alzheimer’s disease on caregivers and caregivers’ sense of coherence. The CBTAC provided for the experimental group participants in 25 sessions of 90-minutes. In the end, the data analyze have done by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and using SPSS24 software. Results: The findings indicated that the CBTAC had significant effect on burdens and sense of coherence of Alzheimer caregivers in experimental group ( p <0.01). In other words, the CBTAC decrease burdens and increase sense of coherence of Alzheimer caregivers significantly ( p <0.01). Conclusion: Based on research results, the CBTAC is an effective intervention in decreasing caregiving burden and increasing sense of coherence of Alzheimer caregivers. Therefore, the CBTAC is a multicomponent intervention that can be used to improve competency and mental health of Alzheimer’s caregivers.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of CBTAC Protocol on Burdens of Alzheimer’s Disease on Caregivers and their Sense of Coherence","authors":"R. Shabahang, S. J. Emadi, F. Bagheri Sheykhangafshe, Abbas Ali Hossien Khanzadeh, S. M. Mousavi","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2020.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2020.06","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alzheimer's disease is predicted to increase dramatically in the near future. Alzheimer caregiving brings about serious problems for caregivers. Considering corrosive consequences of Alzheimer’s disease on Alzheimer caregivers, finding an effective intervention is necessary. Thus, the present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of CBTAC protocol on burdens of Alzheimer’s disease on caregivers and their sense of coherence. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest control group design. The target population included all mild Alzheimer’s disease patients and their caregivers referred to neurology ward of the hospitals in Rasht during summer 2018. According to the medical records and results of screening, 40 mild Alzheimer’s disease patients and their caregivers were recruited by convenience sampling method. After sampling, research participants were randomly assigned into two experimental (n= 20) and wait list control (n= 20) groups. The Impact of Alzheimer’s Disease on Caregiver Questionnaire and Sense of Coherence Scale were used to measure burdens of Alzheimer’s disease on caregivers and caregivers’ sense of coherence. The CBTAC provided for the experimental group participants in 25 sessions of 90-minutes. In the end, the data analyze have done by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and using SPSS24 software. Results: The findings indicated that the CBTAC had significant effect on burdens and sense of coherence of Alzheimer caregivers in experimental group ( p <0.01). In other words, the CBTAC decrease burdens and increase sense of coherence of Alzheimer caregivers significantly ( p <0.01). Conclusion: Based on research results, the CBTAC is an effective intervention in decreasing caregiving burden and increasing sense of coherence of Alzheimer caregivers. Therefore, the CBTAC is a multicomponent intervention that can be used to improve competency and mental health of Alzheimer’s caregivers.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"79-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45331970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : Scoliosis is a deformity of the vertebral column, and shape-changing and deformation of the spine are some critical factors that can cause this abnormality. This condition causes some problems like deflection of the spine in the coronal plane toward medial or lateral. Cobb angle is a measurement for the investigation of the severity of this condition. There are several effective therapies suggested for the reduction of the Cobb angle for patients who has this abnormality. It has suggested that before applying external forces to correct this condition, biomechanical evaluation of this deformity, can be useful during diagnosis. Methods: The purpose of this study is the evaluation of Cobb angle correction using external forces. For this aim first, the dimensional data of the patient’s vertebrae are extracted from CT-scan images using Mimics software, and the vertebral column modeled in Catia software for finite element analysis (FEA). Afterward, the model was imported into Abaqus software to evaluate the effect of forces on the spine model. The study was done by assuming two cases for the spine, one-piece (without a nucleus) and two-piece (with a nucleus) intervertebral disc. Results: After studying the results of this simulation, it concluded that after applying gravity force to these two cases, the percentage of Cobb angle’s reduction was about 0.05 for a two-piece disc and about -0.18 for the one-piece disc. Therefore, the two-piece disc assumption was better for analyzing this parameter. The results of maximum displacement and von misses stress show that the two-piece disc is accurate. Conclusion: In order to investigate which analysis is appropriate to be selected, choosing a twopiece intervertebral disc model is superlative. Whether our goal is only to examine the stress which is present in the patient model, choosing a one-piece disc is a more optimal duo to take much less time.
{"title":"Evaluation of Useful Biomechanical Parameters On Scoliosis Using Finite Element Method","authors":"M. Khademi, A. Nikoo","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2020.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2020.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Scoliosis is a deformity of the vertebral column, and shape-changing and deformation of the spine are some critical factors that can cause this abnormality. This condition causes some problems like deflection of the spine in the coronal plane toward medial or lateral. Cobb angle is a measurement for the investigation of the severity of this condition. There are several effective therapies suggested for the reduction of the Cobb angle for patients who has this abnormality. It has suggested that before applying external forces to correct this condition, biomechanical evaluation of this deformity, can be useful during diagnosis. Methods: The purpose of this study is the evaluation of Cobb angle correction using external forces. For this aim first, the dimensional data of the patient’s vertebrae are extracted from CT-scan images using Mimics software, and the vertebral column modeled in Catia software for finite element analysis (FEA). Afterward, the model was imported into Abaqus software to evaluate the effect of forces on the spine model. The study was done by assuming two cases for the spine, one-piece (without a nucleus) and two-piece (with a nucleus) intervertebral disc. Results: After studying the results of this simulation, it concluded that after applying gravity force to these two cases, the percentage of Cobb angle’s reduction was about 0.05 for a two-piece disc and about -0.18 for the one-piece disc. Therefore, the two-piece disc assumption was better for analyzing this parameter. The results of maximum displacement and von misses stress show that the two-piece disc is accurate. Conclusion: In order to investigate which analysis is appropriate to be selected, choosing a twopiece intervertebral disc model is superlative. Whether our goal is only to examine the stress which is present in the patient model, choosing a one-piece disc is a more optimal duo to take much less time.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47643749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Childbirth is one of the important goals of family, so the infertility can cause many problems for the family. Therefore, the aims of the current study were the frequency of postpartum depression and evaluate the relationship between postpartum depression, socio demographic factors and quality of marital satisfaction in postpartum women with a history of infertility referring to health centers in Hamadan. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of all primiparous women with a history of infertility referring to Hamadan health care centres in 2018, of which 240 were randomly selected according to the inclusion criteria during one year. Subjects were assessed by demographic and clinical information checklist, Edinburgh Depression Inventory (EPDS) and marital relationship quality scale (Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale; RDAS). All statistical calculations were performed by busing chi square with SPSS-17. Results: Totally 152 out of 240 participants (63.3%), had a degree of depression, of which 57 (23.7%) had a mild depression, 63 (26.3%) had moderate depression and 32 (13.3%) had severe depression. According to result of the study, marital satisfaction in 23.3% (56), 37.1% (89) and 39.6% (95) were good, moderate and low respectively. The quality of marital relationship associated significantly with and postpartum depression (χ 2 =19.3,P<0.001). The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between age, occupation, educational level, duration of infertility and depression (P<0.05), but there was no significant relationship between ethnicity, insurance and depression (P<0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the results obtained in this study and comparison with existing studies, the infertility problem can cause mental and psychological disorders in women. It seems that the marital satisfaction and its relationship with different factors and the proper interventions by health care providers are necessary to prevent postpartum depression in these women.
{"title":"Postpartum Depression Among Women With Previous Infertility in Health Care Centers of Hamadan in 2018","authors":"N. Matinnia, Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2020.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2020.08","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childbirth is one of the important goals of family, so the infertility can cause many problems for the family. Therefore, the aims of the current study were the frequency of postpartum depression and evaluate the relationship between postpartum depression, socio demographic factors and quality of marital satisfaction in postpartum women with a history of infertility referring to health centers in Hamadan. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of all primiparous women with a history of infertility referring to Hamadan health care centres in 2018, of which 240 were randomly selected according to the inclusion criteria during one year. Subjects were assessed by demographic and clinical information checklist, Edinburgh Depression Inventory (EPDS) and marital relationship quality scale (Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale; RDAS). All statistical calculations were performed by busing chi square with SPSS-17. Results: Totally 152 out of 240 participants (63.3%), had a degree of depression, of which 57 (23.7%) had a mild depression, 63 (26.3%) had moderate depression and 32 (13.3%) had severe depression. According to result of the study, marital satisfaction in 23.3% (56), 37.1% (89) and 39.6% (95) were good, moderate and low respectively. The quality of marital relationship associated significantly with and postpartum depression (χ 2 =19.3,P<0.001). The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between age, occupation, educational level, duration of infertility and depression (P<0.05), but there was no significant relationship between ethnicity, insurance and depression (P<0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the results obtained in this study and comparison with existing studies, the infertility problem can cause mental and psychological disorders in women. It seems that the marital satisfaction and its relationship with different factors and the proper interventions by health care providers are necessary to prevent postpartum depression in these women.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"103-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45434389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hassan Reza Mohammadi, M. Sadat, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
Background: The study was carried out to assess long term outcomes of ETV on less than 2 years hydrocephalous children and to determine prognostic factors of ETV success in this population. Methods: our study was a retrospective cohort study which was carried out on 40 hydrocephalus children who were underwent ETV surgery. Clinical data were retrieved from patient’s medical records and we did active follow-up. We used Kaplan-Meier and life-Table approaches to assess 6 months success rate of ETV. We also used multiple cox regression to determine prognostic factors associated to success. Moreover, ROC curve analysis was used to assess how ETVSS can predict possibility of ETV failure. Results: Mean age of patients at surgery time was 7.8 (±7.8) months and 60% were male. Mean of failure time of ETV was 4.5 months and the most prevalent etiology was aqueduct (27.0%). According to our finding age at surgery time (HR=2.2, 95% CI= 1.1, 3.4) and birth age (HR=4.4, 95% CI 1.1, 17.2) were the main factors associated to ETV failure. We also observed, statistically lower hazard ratio for patients with aqueduct etiology (HR= 0.1, 95% CI= 0.01, 0.9). Moreover, area under ROC curve was estimated 76.1 illustrating partial validity to predict ETV failure in the study population. Conclusion: According to our findings ETV could be suggested to treat Hydrocephaly in young kids with particular attention on over 6 month patients and those ones who were mature at birth. However, more studies are required to confirm our findings.
{"title":"Evaluation of Long-term Outcomes and Prediction of Failure Rate of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Less Than 2 Years Children","authors":"Hassan Reza Mohammadi, M. Sadat, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2020.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2020.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study was carried out to assess long term outcomes of ETV on less than 2 years hydrocephalous children and to determine prognostic factors of ETV success in this population. Methods: our study was a retrospective cohort study which was carried out on 40 hydrocephalus children who were underwent ETV surgery. Clinical data were retrieved from patient’s medical records and we did active follow-up. We used Kaplan-Meier and life-Table approaches to assess 6 months success rate of ETV. We also used multiple cox regression to determine prognostic factors associated to success. Moreover, ROC curve analysis was used to assess how ETVSS can predict possibility of ETV failure. Results: Mean age of patients at surgery time was 7.8 (±7.8) months and 60% were male. Mean of failure time of ETV was 4.5 months and the most prevalent etiology was aqueduct (27.0%). According to our finding age at surgery time (HR=2.2, 95% CI= 1.1, 3.4) and birth age (HR=4.4, 95% CI 1.1, 17.2) were the main factors associated to ETV failure. We also observed, statistically lower hazard ratio for patients with aqueduct etiology (HR= 0.1, 95% CI= 0.01, 0.9). Moreover, area under ROC curve was estimated 76.1 illustrating partial validity to predict ETV failure in the study population. Conclusion: According to our findings ETV could be suggested to treat Hydrocephaly in young kids with particular attention on over 6 month patients and those ones who were mature at birth. However, more studies are required to confirm our findings.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"66-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46775985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : Early detection of prostate cancer has significant benefits for its treatment and can increase the survival chance in patients. In recent years, new methods such as shear wave elastography and vibro-elastography, as well as artificial tactile sensing, have been used to detect a mass in the prostate tissue in-vivo and ex-vivo. This paper aims to investigate the difference between normal and malignant prostate tissue reaction to simple and vibro-neural stimulation for prostate tissue mass detection in order to determine neural stimulation intensity, velocity, and frequency to obtain the best result in detecting the type and location of the tumor. Methods : This study has utilized neural stimulation devices in normal and cancerous tissues. The stimulation velocity, probe location, and the frequency of neural stimulation considered as the independent variables. Results : The results show that for superficial masses, although dependent on the probe, the accuracy of detection at the low speed of 5mm/s is 50% higher than other conditions. On the other hand, in deep masses, with increasing mass depth, the accuracy of detection at the medium speed of 8mm/s is 30% higher than the low speed. Finally, the results showed that with increased stimulation frequency, the possibility of tumor detection, and its accuracy increases by 35%. Conclusion : By improving the accuracy of the neural stimulation device, it can apply to detect hard materials such as tumors and malignant tissues.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Differences between Normal and Cancerous Prostate Tissue Response to Simple and Vibro-Neural Stimulation","authors":"S. Zein, Farhad Tabatabai Ghomsheh, H. Jamshidian","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2020.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2020.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Early detection of prostate cancer has significant benefits for its treatment and can increase the survival chance in patients. In recent years, new methods such as shear wave elastography and vibro-elastography, as well as artificial tactile sensing, have been used to detect a mass in the prostate tissue in-vivo and ex-vivo. This paper aims to investigate the difference between normal and malignant prostate tissue reaction to simple and vibro-neural stimulation for prostate tissue mass detection in order to determine neural stimulation intensity, velocity, and frequency to obtain the best result in detecting the type and location of the tumor. Methods : This study has utilized neural stimulation devices in normal and cancerous tissues. The stimulation velocity, probe location, and the frequency of neural stimulation considered as the independent variables. Results : The results show that for superficial masses, although dependent on the probe, the accuracy of detection at the low speed of 5mm/s is 50% higher than other conditions. On the other hand, in deep masses, with increasing mass depth, the accuracy of detection at the medium speed of 8mm/s is 30% higher than the low speed. Finally, the results showed that with increased stimulation frequency, the possibility of tumor detection, and its accuracy increases by 35%. Conclusion : By improving the accuracy of the neural stimulation device, it can apply to detect hard materials such as tumors and malignant tissues.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"61-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43487119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-10DOI: 10.22037/ICNJ.V7I2.29498
Hossein Aghamiri, Sepideh Paybast, B. S. Lima, Behnam Mansoori
Cerebrovascular disease is the second cause of death and the sixth cause of morbidity worldwide, which will rise to fourth place by 2020. The treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) divided into two groups, including intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. Regarding growing development in the realm of diagnosis and treatment of stroke through state-of-the-art approaches, including emergent thrombectomy, there are new opportunities for investigation in this area. This is while a rough rate of 85% for strokes is occupied by, and the remained is hemorrhagic. Hence, the present study aimed to review recent advances in AIS with a focus on emergent thrombectomy. Here, we first provided the relevant history, and then the recent advances were discussed. The library data collection method was employed so that such databases as Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct used for data extraction. The evidence confirms the importance of emergent thrombectomy as all believe the famous statement "time is the brain." However, further investigations are required to find more strong evidence accordingly.
脑血管病是全球第二大死亡原因和第六大发病原因，到2020年将上升至第四位。急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）的治疗策略分为两组，包括静脉或动脉溶栓和机械血栓切除术。关于通过最先进的方法（包括紧急血栓切除术）在中风诊断和治疗领域的日益发展，在这一领域有新的研究机会。而中风的大致发病率为85%，剩下的是出血性的。因此，本研究旨在综述AIS的最新进展，重点是急诊血栓切除术。在这里，我们首先提供了相关的历史，然后讨论了最近的进展。采用图书馆数据收集方法，使用Web of Science、PubMed和Science Direct等数据库进行数据提取。这些证据证实了紧急血栓切除术的重要性，因为所有人都相信“时间就是大脑”这句著名的话。然而，还需要进一步的调查才能找到更有力的证据。
{"title":"New Advances in Acute Ischemic Stroke Management: Review Article","authors":"Hossein Aghamiri, Sepideh Paybast, B. S. Lima, Behnam Mansoori","doi":"10.22037/ICNJ.V7I2.29498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ICNJ.V7I2.29498","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebrovascular disease is the second cause of death and the sixth cause of morbidity worldwide, which will rise to fourth place by 2020. The treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) divided into two groups, including intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. Regarding growing development in the realm of diagnosis and treatment of stroke through state-of-the-art approaches, including emergent thrombectomy, there are new opportunities for investigation in this area. This is while a rough rate of 85% for strokes is occupied by, and the remained is hemorrhagic. Hence, the present study aimed to review recent advances in AIS with a focus on emergent thrombectomy. Here, we first provided the relevant history, and then the recent advances were discussed. The library data collection method was employed so that such databases as Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct used for data extraction. The evidence confirms the importance of emergent thrombectomy as all believe the famous statement \"time is the brain.\" However, further investigations are required to find more strong evidence accordingly.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.22037/ICNJ.V7I2.29498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44558842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hassan Reza Mohammadi, E. Moradi, E. Rahimian, P. Varlet, Y. Nilipour
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) considered as a benign cortical Glioneuronal neoplasm of children or young adults, typically present with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. DNTs are usually located in the temporal lobe but can found in any part of the supratentorial brain cortex. Multifocal DNTs have rarely reported. Here we present an eight years old boy with two years follow up, having a somewhat stable diffuse multinodular DNT of the most significant spatial extent that may have reported, involving cortical and subcortical left temporo-occipital lobe, bilateral basal ganglia and thalamus, presenting with headache, short stature, and behavioral disorder.
{"title":"Diffuse Multifocal Bilateral Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor: A Very Unusual Case Report","authors":"Hassan Reza Mohammadi, E. Moradi, E. Rahimian, P. Varlet, Y. Nilipour","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2020.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2020.09","url":null,"abstract":"Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) considered as a benign cortical Glioneuronal neoplasm of children or young adults, typically present with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. DNTs are usually located in the temporal lobe but can found in any part of the supratentorial brain cortex. Multifocal DNTs have rarely reported. Here we present an eight years old boy with two years follow up, having a somewhat stable diffuse multinodular DNT of the most significant spatial extent that may have reported, involving cortical and subcortical left temporo-occipital lobe, bilateral basal ganglia and thalamus, presenting with headache, short stature, and behavioral disorder.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"109-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45366342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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