Nasrin Hosseini, M. Radahmadi, H. Alaei, S. Nadjafi
Background: The nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) sends projections to the hippocampus that are implicated in learning and memory formation. Despite ample evidence proposing that cognitive function impairment related to neurodegeneration, it may result from alteration of biochemical substances. We aimed to investigate the effects of NBM lesions on the hippocampal interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and corticosterone levels, as inflammation markers, and hallmarks of neurodegeneration, stress, and metabolic status. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly put in control, sham, and NBM-lesioned groups. After inducing the lesion using an intra-NBM injection of 10 μg ibotenic acid (5 μg/μL, each side) in rats, memory was estimated using the passive avoidance test. Moreover, serum and hippocampal IL-1β levels, as well as the hippocampal corticosterone, BDNF, and glucose levels were measured after 42 days. Results: Findings indicated a significant impairment of retention at different intervals in the NBM-lesioned group. BDNF decreased whereas corticosterone, glucose, and IL-1β levels increased in the hippocampus. Also, the levels of serum IL-1β, hippocampal BDNF, corticosterone, and glucose had significant correlations with hippocampal IL-1β levels. Conclusion: The synchronous alterations of some hippocampal factors, including BDNF, corticosterone, IL-1β, and glucose, caused by NBM lesion suggest that their interaction might play a significant role in neurodegeneration and relevant learning and memory impairments.
{"title":"Effect of Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis Lesions on Memory and Hippocampal Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, IL-1β, Glucose, and Corticosterone Levels in Adult Rats","authors":"Nasrin Hosseini, M. Radahmadi, H. Alaei, S. Nadjafi","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2021.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2021.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) sends projections to the hippocampus that are implicated in learning and memory formation. Despite ample evidence proposing that cognitive function impairment related to neurodegeneration, it may result from alteration of biochemical substances. We aimed to investigate the effects of NBM lesions on the hippocampal interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and corticosterone levels, as inflammation markers, and hallmarks of neurodegeneration, stress, and metabolic status. \u0000Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly put in control, sham, and NBM-lesioned groups. After inducing the lesion using an intra-NBM injection of 10 μg ibotenic acid (5 μg/μL, each side) in rats, memory was estimated using the passive avoidance test. Moreover, serum and hippocampal IL-1β levels, as well as the hippocampal corticosterone, BDNF, and glucose levels were measured after 42 days. \u0000Results: Findings indicated a significant impairment of retention at different intervals in the NBM-lesioned group. BDNF decreased whereas corticosterone, glucose, and IL-1β levels increased in the hippocampus. Also, the levels of serum IL-1β, hippocampal BDNF, corticosterone, and glucose had significant correlations with hippocampal IL-1β levels. \u0000Conclusion: The synchronous alterations of some hippocampal factors, including BDNF, corticosterone, IL-1β, and glucose, caused by NBM lesion suggest that their interaction might play a significant role in neurodegeneration and relevant learning and memory impairments.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44004576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marjan Asadollahi, Mahrooz Roozbeh, Amin Edalatkhah, Mehrdad Roozbeh, Nasim Mirzaei, M. Rostami, Leila Simani
Background: Executive dysfunction is seen in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a short neuropsychological instrument designed in clinical settings to evaluate frontal lobe activity. We aimed to assess the clinical use of FAB in patients with IGE for to detect executive impairment. Method: In this study, 30 patients with IGE and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. The presence and severity of executive dysfunction was investigated with FAB. Cognitive flexibility, decision making, working memory, and general intelligence level were examined using Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), N-back, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, respectively. In patients with IGE, FAB results were related to their neuropsychological task performance. Results: The FAB score in patients with IGE was significantly lower compared to healthy participants. In motor programming tasks, patients with IGE performed substantially worse. However, no correlation was found between FAB and neuropsychological task and clinical characteristics. Conclusion: Executive dysfunction was present in patients with IGE and FAB may be used in these patients as an effective tool for evaluating frontal lobe function.
{"title":"Executive Function Assessment in Patients With Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy: Applyingthe Frontal Assessment Battery","authors":"Marjan Asadollahi, Mahrooz Roozbeh, Amin Edalatkhah, Mehrdad Roozbeh, Nasim Mirzaei, M. Rostami, Leila Simani","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2021.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2021.17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Executive dysfunction is seen in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a short neuropsychological instrument designed in clinical settings to evaluate frontal lobe activity. We aimed to assess the clinical use of FAB in patients with IGE for to detect executive impairment. \u0000Method: In this study, 30 patients with IGE and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. The presence and severity of executive dysfunction was investigated with FAB. Cognitive flexibility, decision making, working memory, and general intelligence level were examined using Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), N-back, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, respectively. In patients with IGE, FAB results were related to their neuropsychological task performance. \u0000Results: The FAB score in patients with IGE was significantly lower compared to healthy participants. In motor programming tasks, patients with IGE performed substantially worse. However, no correlation was found between FAB and neuropsychological task and clinical characteristics. \u0000Conclusion: Executive dysfunction was present in patients with IGE and FAB may be used in these patients as an effective tool for evaluating frontal lobe function.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48768544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Akhondian, Farrokh Seilanian Toosi, F. Ashrafzadeh, Narges Hashemi, Nazanin Saeedi Zand
Neurological involvement in COVID-19 infection is increasing all over the world. Neurological manifestations include headache, dizziness, stroke, seizure, encephalopathy, neuropathy, and skeletal muscle injury. While many patients with CNS involvement have normal neuroimaging, the others reveal significant abnormalities. In this article, we report four patients with neurological manifestations of the Covid-19 infection and its relevant abnormalities in brain magnetic resonance imaging.
{"title":"COVID-19; Neurological Findings in Five Pediatric Patients","authors":"J. Akhondian, Farrokh Seilanian Toosi, F. Ashrafzadeh, Narges Hashemi, Nazanin Saeedi Zand","doi":"10.34172/icnj.2021.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2021.20","url":null,"abstract":"Neurological involvement in COVID-19 infection is increasing all over the world. Neurological manifestations include headache, dizziness, stroke, seizure, encephalopathy, neuropathy, and skeletal muscle injury. While many patients with CNS involvement have normal neuroimaging, the others reveal significant abnormalities. In this article, we report four patients with neurological manifestations of the Covid-19 infection and its relevant abnormalities in brain magnetic resonance imaging.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48167345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tahereh Haji Seyed Javadi, M. Aghel Masjedi, Elnaz Hamzehloo, M. Chehraghi, L. Razavi, S. Rahmani, S. Nejati
Objective: Alexithymia is a symptom that most psychosomatic patients experience and can affect their performance, psychological state, and the severity of their physical symptoms. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on the severity of fatigue and depression with the moderating role of alexithymia in MS patients in Tehran. Methodology: In this research, a semi-experimental design was used with pre-test, post-test, and three months of follow-up. Using convenience sampling, 40 patients with MS were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Before and after the intervention and three months later in the follow-up phase, all of the subjects responded to fatigue severity, depression, and alexithymia questionnaires. The intervention consisted of 10 sessions of 90-minutes group therapy based on acceptance and commitment, which was provided only to the experimental group. Findings: Analysis of covariance indicated a significant difference between the mean scores of fatigue severity, depression, and alexithymia in the experimental and control groups in post-test and follow-up stages. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on reducing the severity of fatigue and depression with the moderating role of alexithymia in MS patients.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment on the Severity of Fatigue and Depression With the Moderating role of Alexithymia in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Tahereh Haji Seyed Javadi, M. Aghel Masjedi, Elnaz Hamzehloo, M. Chehraghi, L. Razavi, S. Rahmani, S. Nejati","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Alexithymia is a symptom that most psychosomatic patients experience and can affect their performance, psychological state, and the severity of their physical symptoms. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on the severity of fatigue and depression with the moderating role of alexithymia in MS patients in Tehran. \u0000Methodology: In this research, a semi-experimental design was used with pre-test, post-test, and three months of follow-up. Using convenience sampling, 40 patients with MS were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Before and after the intervention and three months later in the follow-up phase, all of the subjects responded to fatigue severity, depression, and alexithymia questionnaires. The intervention consisted of 10 sessions of 90-minutes group therapy based on acceptance and commitment, which was provided only to the experimental group. \u0000Findings: Analysis of covariance indicated a significant difference between the mean scores of fatigue severity, depression, and alexithymia in the experimental and control groups in post-test and follow-up stages. \u0000Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on reducing the severity of fatigue and depression with the moderating role of alexithymia in MS patients.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46285030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahrooz Roozbeh, Mehrdad Roozbeh, H. Pakdaman, Seyed Ali Sobhanian, Amin Edalatkhah, S. Safari
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 that is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2020 throughout the world, a lot of aspects of people's lives are affected including their psychological status Follow-up assessment of survivors of this infection showed that they had multiple psychological disorders including depression, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder It is estimated that more than one-third of patients with COVID-19 experience neuropsychiatric symptoms, including headache, paresthesia, and disturbed consciousness Among patients affected by COVID-19, there are different mechanisms that can cause cognitive dysfunction COVID-19 can affect the central nervous system (CNS) directly by invasion and indirectly by inducing hypoxia, inflammation, and delirium The pandemic and fear of infection can also cause anxiety which impairs the cognition as well By assessing the patients' cognition and knowing the higher probable cause of cognitive impairment, we can form a better strategy to better treat the impairment Cognitive behavioral therapy can be effective in reducing the anxiety and cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) can be used to lower the detrimental effects of cognitive impairment caused by COVID-19
{"title":"Neurocognitive Manifestations of SARS-CoV2: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms","authors":"Mahrooz Roozbeh, Mehrdad Roozbeh, H. Pakdaman, Seyed Ali Sobhanian, Amin Edalatkhah, S. Safari","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2021.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2021.02","url":null,"abstract":"Since the outbreak of COVID-19 that is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2020 throughout the world, a lot of aspects of people's lives are affected including their psychological status Follow-up assessment of survivors of this infection showed that they had multiple psychological disorders including depression, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder It is estimated that more than one-third of patients with COVID-19 experience neuropsychiatric symptoms, including headache, paresthesia, and disturbed consciousness Among patients affected by COVID-19, there are different mechanisms that can cause cognitive dysfunction COVID-19 can affect the central nervous system (CNS) directly by invasion and indirectly by inducing hypoxia, inflammation, and delirium The pandemic and fear of infection can also cause anxiety which impairs the cognition as well By assessing the patients' cognition and knowing the higher probable cause of cognitive impairment, we can form a better strategy to better treat the impairment Cognitive behavioral therapy can be effective in reducing the anxiety and cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) can be used to lower the detrimental effects of cognitive impairment caused by COVID-19","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49597505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marzieh Alsadat Khalili, Syedeh Olia Emadian, R. Hassanzadeh
Introduction: We aimed to compare and determine the effectiveness of three methods of attention training based on Fletcher's program, Delacato's neuropsychological treatment, and computerized cognitive rehabilitation, on executive functions of children with special learning disability. Methods: This was a four-group pretest-posttest design with a control group (three experimental groups and one control group) quasi-experimental study. The population included all students aged 7 to 12 years with learning disorders referred to the Learning Disorders Treatment Centers in Tehran during 2019. First, 40 students were selected from these centers by convenience sampling. This number was then randomly divided into four groups of attention training based on Fletcher's program, Delacato's neuropsychological treatment, computerized cognitive rehabilitation, and one group as a control group (N=10). Three methods of attention training based on Fletcher's program (12 sessions of 45 minutes), Delacato's neuropsychological method (12 sessions of 50 minutes), computerized cognitive rehabilitation (10 sessions of 30 minutes individually), were separately trained to the three experimental groups. Gerard and colleagues’ (2000) Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (parent form) was used to collect data. Results: The results of the study revealed that the three methods were effective on executive functions in children with a special learning disability (P 0.05). Conclusion: Given that computers are available in almost all schools, such programs can be considered as part of the curriculum for students with learning disabilities. Accordingly, through Fletcher’s attention-based training method and computerized cognitive rehabilitation improved the performance of this group and prevented the creation of a defective process of failure in these students by improving their executive functions.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Attention Training based on Fletcher’s Program, Delacato’s Neuropsychological Treatment, and Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation on Executive Functions in Children with Special Learning Disability","authors":"Marzieh Alsadat Khalili, Syedeh Olia Emadian, R. Hassanzadeh","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2021.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2021.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: We aimed to compare and determine the effectiveness of three methods of attention training based on Fletcher's program, Delacato's neuropsychological treatment, and computerized cognitive rehabilitation, on executive functions of children with special learning disability. \u0000Methods: This was a four-group pretest-posttest design with a control group (three experimental groups and one control group) quasi-experimental study. The population included all students aged 7 to 12 years with learning disorders referred to the Learning Disorders Treatment Centers in Tehran during 2019. First, 40 students were selected from these centers by convenience sampling. This number was then randomly divided into four groups of attention training based on Fletcher's program, Delacato's neuropsychological treatment, computerized cognitive rehabilitation, and one group as a control group (N=10). Three methods of attention training based on Fletcher's program (12 sessions of 45 minutes), Delacato's neuropsychological method (12 sessions of 50 minutes), computerized cognitive rehabilitation (10 sessions of 30 minutes individually), were separately trained to the three experimental groups. Gerard and colleagues’ (2000) Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (parent form) was used to collect data. \u0000Results: The results of the study revealed that the three methods were effective on executive functions in children with a special learning disability (P 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Given that computers are available in almost all schools, such programs can be considered as part of the curriculum for students with learning disabilities. Accordingly, through Fletcher’s attention-based training method and computerized cognitive rehabilitation improved the performance of this group and prevented the creation of a defective process of failure in these students by improving their executive functions.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46821819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear Editor, Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), because of their potential for treating diseases, have gained considerable attention over the past 30 years for their immunosuppressive properties and tissue regeneration capabilities.1,2 This grew into an interest in the 1970s by Friedenstein and contemporaries after studying the bone m ar row.3 MSCs are an excellent candidate for cell therapy because of having intrinsic differentiation potentials into bone, cartilage and fat cells not found previously in other cells. They can also be isolated and expanded easily in vitro, and produce abundant useful growth factors and cytokines.2,4Mesenchymal stem cells have become the top used stem cell type for clinical application with encouraging results.5,6 Significant progress has been made in stem cell research in recent years. The main therapeutic effects of MSCs are now attributed to the stimulation of several innate repair processes in injured tissues in vivo by secreted factors as well as the immunomodulation response. Therefore, MSC therapy is expected to find clinical application in human diseases.6,7 However, there are some critical issues that need to be addressed before MSCs can be used for clinical therapy in humans which will help determine the efficiency of cells administered to the patients as a therapeutic approach, most important of which is immunosuppressive properties.8,9 MSCs can be affected by tumor support that may affect potential tumorigenesis after MSCs transplantation, including different donors and tissues, inconsistent protocols, varying dosages and differing transfusion patterns, and mechanisms that control the behavior of the MSCs at the target site.10,11 Because of their unique features, stem cells are undoubtedly a great hope for the treatment of many diseases. More research is developing on the potential long-term risks associated with MSC therapy. However, Additional studies would also be a major contribution to stem cell biology in general as well as their transplantation.
{"title":"Concerns About Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy","authors":"Mahsa Haseli, A. Esmaeili","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2021.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2021.01","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, \u0000Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), because of their potential for treating diseases, have gained considerable attention over the past 30 years for their immunosuppressive properties and tissue regeneration capabilities.1,2 This grew into an interest in the 1970s by Friedenstein and contemporaries after studying the bone m ar row.3 MSCs are an excellent candidate for cell therapy because of having intrinsic differentiation potentials into bone, cartilage and fat cells not found previously in other cells. They can also be isolated and expanded easily in vitro, and produce abundant useful growth factors and cytokines.2,4Mesenchymal stem cells have become the top used stem cell type for clinical application with encouraging results.5,6 Significant progress has been made in stem cell research in recent years. The main therapeutic effects of MSCs are now attributed to the stimulation of several innate repair processes in injured tissues in vivo by secreted factors as well as the immunomodulation response. Therefore, MSC therapy is expected to find clinical application in human diseases.6,7 However, there are some critical issues that need to be addressed before MSCs can be used for clinical therapy in humans which will help determine the efficiency of cells administered to the patients as a therapeutic approach, most important of which is immunosuppressive properties.8,9 MSCs can be affected by tumor support that may affect potential tumorigenesis after MSCs transplantation, including different donors and tissues, inconsistent protocols, varying dosages and differing transfusion patterns, and mechanisms that control the behavior of the MSCs at the target site.10,11 Because of their unique features, stem cells are undoubtedly a great hope for the treatment of many diseases. More research is developing on the potential long-term risks associated with MSC therapy. However, Additional studies would also be a major contribution to stem cell biology in general as well as their transplantation.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49464203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Golmohammadi, Mohammadhosein Akhlaghpasand, S. Oraee-Yazdani, A. Zali
Background: In recent decades, improvement in sensory and motor function after spinal cord injury(SCI) is a major treatment goal. Stem cell therapy has become a promising treatment strategy in theregeneration of central nervous system injuries.Methods: We assessed the effectiveness of autologous Schwann cell (SC) and bone marrow-derivedmesenchymal stem cell (MSC) for individuals with SCI in promoting sensory recovery. Five patientswith a mean ± SD age of 38.80 ± 5.84 years were enrolled in the study. The follow-up course was12 months.Results: We found sensory changes in two patients assessed by the American Spinal InjuryAssociation’s (ASIA’s) impairment scale. Systemic complications were not observed during thecourse of the study.Conclusion: There were no adverse finding after cell transplantation. Also we observed improvementin sensory score in two patients. It seems that the use of this combination of cell therapy may beeffective; but large group studies with control group are required to clarify the effect of either cells.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Autologous Schwann Cell and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury in Promoting Sensory Recovery","authors":"M. Golmohammadi, Mohammadhosein Akhlaghpasand, S. Oraee-Yazdani, A. Zali","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2021.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2021.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent decades, improvement in sensory and motor function after spinal cord injury(SCI) is a major treatment goal. Stem cell therapy has become a promising treatment strategy in theregeneration of central nervous system injuries.Methods: We assessed the effectiveness of autologous Schwann cell (SC) and bone marrow-derivedmesenchymal stem cell (MSC) for individuals with SCI in promoting sensory recovery. Five patientswith a mean ± SD age of 38.80 ± 5.84 years were enrolled in the study. The follow-up course was12 months.Results: We found sensory changes in two patients assessed by the American Spinal InjuryAssociation’s (ASIA’s) impairment scale. Systemic complications were not observed during thecourse of the study.Conclusion: There were no adverse finding after cell transplantation. Also we observed improvementin sensory score in two patients. It seems that the use of this combination of cell therapy may beeffective; but large group studies with control group are required to clarify the effect of either cells.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"10-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48602685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has shown positive results in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). However, studies on neural basis of such functional gains are limited. This study reports the event-related potential (ERP) changes in two children with hemiplegic CP after receiving CIMT for three weeks. Both cases were nine years old, had a diagnosis of left hemiplegic CP, had normal intelligence, and were able to extend the wrist at least 20° and the metacarpophalangeal joint at least 10° from full flexion. Before and after the three-week intervention, the children participated in ERP sessions with a choice reaction task to capture the changes in neural mechanism after intervention. Both children exhibited improvement in reaction time (RT) in both hand tasks after the intervention. The improvement was larger in the affected hand than the unaffected hand. Improved accuracy rate (AC) and shortened P300 latencies in the affected hand were also demonstrated in both cases. Topographical maps showed that in centro-parietal regions, patterns shifted from central and left-lateralized to more central and right-lateralized. CMIT was a useful method in improving upper limb function in our cases.
{"title":"Motor Task Processing After Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series","authors":"Karen P. Y. Liu, M. Kuo, K. Ting","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2021.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2021.09","url":null,"abstract":"Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has shown positive results in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). However, studies on neural basis of such functional gains are limited. This study reports the event-related potential (ERP) changes in two children with hemiplegic CP after receiving CIMT for three weeks. Both cases were nine years old, had a diagnosis of left hemiplegic CP, had normal intelligence, and were able to extend the wrist at least 20° and the metacarpophalangeal joint at least 10° from full flexion. Before and after the three-week intervention, the children participated in ERP sessions with a choice reaction task to capture the changes in neural mechanism after intervention. Both children exhibited improvement in reaction time (RT) in both hand tasks after the intervention. The improvement was larger in the affected hand than the unaffected hand. Improved accuracy rate (AC) and shortened P300 latencies in the affected hand were also demonstrated in both cases. Topographical maps showed that in centro-parietal regions, patterns shifted from central and left-lateralized to more central and right-lateralized. CMIT was a useful method in improving upper limb function in our cases.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47834806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morteza Sanei Taheri, H. Haghighatkhah, Arash Azhideh, Mehran Arab Ahmadi
Cervical spine fractures are common fractures due to spine trauma. Odontoid fracture is responsible for 20% of cervical spine fractures. Vertebral artery injuries (VAIs) had widely focused in this setting due to its occurrence with upper cervical fractures. In our case of study, a 42-year-old female presented in the hospital’s emergency department with a history of cervical spine injury without neurological deficits. In further investigations, cervical spine X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiography were done to evaluate the possible injuries to the bone, spinal cord, and vascular structures surrounding the spine that eventuated in the accidental diagnosis of bilateral vertebral artery occlusion. This case of the study demonstrated the importance of diagnostic investigations that can evaluate in an emergency department and bilateral vertebral artery occlusion without neurological symptoms due to collateral arteries establishment.
{"title":"A Rare Case of Type II Odontoid Fracture With Bilateral Vertebral Arteries Occlusion Without Neurological Deficits","authors":"Morteza Sanei Taheri, H. Haghighatkhah, Arash Azhideh, Mehran Arab Ahmadi","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical spine fractures are common fractures due to spine trauma. Odontoid fracture is responsible for 20% of cervical spine fractures. Vertebral artery injuries (VAIs) had widely focused in this setting due to its occurrence with upper cervical fractures. In our case of study, a 42-year-old female presented in the hospital’s emergency department with a history of cervical spine injury without neurological deficits. In further investigations, cervical spine X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiography were done to evaluate the possible injuries to the bone, spinal cord, and vascular structures surrounding the spine that eventuated in the accidental diagnosis of bilateral vertebral artery occlusion. This case of the study demonstrated the importance of diagnostic investigations that can evaluate in an emergency department and bilateral vertebral artery occlusion without neurological symptoms due to collateral arteries establishment.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46041069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：