Shaibu, I., Udensi, E. E., Chinwuko, A. I., Ovwasa, M. O.
Geoelectric investigations of the subsurface structures of parts of the Gidan Kwano campus Federal University of Technology (F.U.T) Minna, Nigeria were carried out using vertical electrical soundings technique. The area lies within the Pre-Cambian Basement Complex of Northern Nigeria. This study was carried out with the aim of determining subsurface structures of the area for groundwater potentials and to possibly locate those areas that could be useful for civil engineering work at a very low risk. Thirty-six vertical electrical soundings along six profiles (A-F) were carried out during the geophysical survey. The survey was carried out on grid 500m x500m. The data obtained were interpreted using computer based program named Zohdy. The result of the interpreted vertical electrical soundings (VES) curves reveals three distinct geo-electric curves types were delineated: K, H and HK-curves with H-type having the most prolific aquifer. The result also shows 3 geo-electric layers which were confirm by borehole lithology. The aquifers in the study area are likely to be found in the fractured basement layers of eastern and southeastern parts of the study area. The civil engineering work can be sited in the northern and southwestern parts of the study area which are the region of shallow basement.
利用垂直电测深技术对尼日利亚联邦科技大学(F.U.T) Minna Gidan Kwano校区部分地下结构进行了地电调查。该地区位于尼日利亚北部前冈比亚基底复合体内。进行这项研究的目的是确定该地区地下水潜力的地下结构，并可能确定那些可能以极低风险进行土木工程工作的地区。在地球物理调查期间，沿6条剖面(A-F)进行了36次垂直电测深。调查在500米× 500米的网格上进行。所获得的数据用名为Zohdy的计算机程序进行解释。垂直电测深(VES)曲线解释结果表明，圈定了3种不同的地电曲线类型:K、H和hk曲线，其中H型含水层最丰富。通过井眼岩性分析，确定了3个地电层。研究区含水层主要分布在研究区东部和东南部断裂基底层。土建工程可选址在研究区北部和西南部浅基底区。
{"title":"Geoelectric Investigation of the Subsurface Structures in Part of Gidan Kwano Campus of the Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria","authors":"Shaibu, I., Udensi, E. E., Chinwuko, A. I., Ovwasa, M. O.","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v4i2.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v4i2.178","url":null,"abstract":"Geoelectric investigations of the subsurface structures of parts of the Gidan Kwano campus Federal University of Technology (F.U.T) Minna, Nigeria were carried out using vertical electrical soundings technique. The area lies within the Pre-Cambian Basement Complex of Northern Nigeria. This study was carried out with the aim of determining subsurface structures of the area for groundwater potentials and to possibly locate those areas that could be useful for civil engineering work at a very low risk. Thirty-six vertical electrical soundings along six profiles (A-F) were carried out during the geophysical survey. The survey was carried out on grid 500m x500m. The data obtained were interpreted using computer based program named Zohdy. The result of the interpreted vertical electrical soundings (VES) curves reveals three distinct geo-electric curves types were delineated: K, H and HK-curves with H-type having the most prolific aquifer. The result also shows 3 geo-electric layers which were confirm by borehole lithology. The aquifers in the study area are likely to be found in the fractured basement layers of eastern and southeastern parts of the study area. The civil engineering work can be sited in the northern and southwestern parts of the study area which are the region of shallow basement.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123899968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thesium viride Hill is a sub-shrub hemiparasite belongs to the family Santalaceae. Traditionally, the powdered whole plant is use for the treatment ulcer, jaundice and splenomegaly. This study is aimed at establishing some of the pharmacognostic features and physiochemical parameters of the powdered whole plant which can be utilize in the development of the plant monograph. The powdered whole plant material was examined by microscope and its physicochemical parameters such as; moisture content, extractive values and ash values were also determined. Microscopical examination of the powdered whole plant of T. viride identified the presence of straight walled polygonal epidermal cells, paracytic stomatal cells and unicellular covering trichomes, were found to be present. The powdered plant was found to have a moisture content (5.33%), total ash (10.33%), acid insoluble ash (3.17%), water soluble ash (4.93%), and ethanol extractive (4.87%) while water extractive (5.93%) values. Some of the pharmacognostic features and physicochemical parameters of powdered T. viride were identified and established.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic and Physicochemical Analysis of Thesium viride Hill","authors":"","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v4i2.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v4i2.185","url":null,"abstract":"Thesium viride Hill is a sub-shrub hemiparasite belongs to the family Santalaceae. Traditionally, the powdered whole plant is use for the treatment ulcer, jaundice and splenomegaly. This study is aimed at establishing some of the pharmacognostic features and physiochemical parameters of the powdered whole plant which can be utilize in the development of the plant monograph. The powdered whole plant material was examined by microscope and its physicochemical parameters such as; moisture content, extractive values and ash values were also determined. Microscopical examination of the powdered whole plant of T. viride identified the presence of straight walled polygonal epidermal cells, paracytic stomatal cells and unicellular covering trichomes, were found to be present. The powdered plant was found to have a moisture content (5.33%), total ash (10.33%), acid insoluble ash (3.17%), water soluble ash (4.93%), and ethanol extractive (4.87%) while water extractive (5.93%) values. Some of the pharmacognostic features and physicochemical parameters of powdered T. viride were identified and established. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133460167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrochemical patterns has been mapped and correlated with groundwater flow systems to varying degrees using hydrochemical facies. Reliable broad relationship between chemical composition and the flow distribution of groundwater were established in the process. This study examines the water quality and groundwater flow patterns present in the crystalline basement aquifer of Part of Minna in North Central Nigeria for environmental purpose. Sixteen water samples were collected from wells and analyzed for various parameters including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (Ec), K+, Na+, Ca+, Mg+, Cl-, HCO3- and SO4- using standard procedures of water analysis. The analytical results present the abundance of both physical and chemical parameters in the following order: pH (5.8 – 7.6), Ec (116.7 - 1562µs/m), TDS (128.6 – 1046.5 mg/l), Na+ (25.3 – 144.8 mg/l), K+ (1.1 – 39.5 mg/l), Mg+2 (5.6 – 30.7 mg/l), Cl- (20.4 – 276.5 mg/l), HCO3- (10.0 – 21.0 mg/l), SO4- (8.0 – 180 mg/l). Piper trilinear for the study area shows that there is a mixture of two types of water with variable concentrations of major ions. These are Na+ , K– ,Cl– , SO4+2 water type and Ca+ , Mg+2 , Cl –, SO4 +2, water types. This means that groundwater in the area is mainly made up of mixtures of the alkaline and alkaline earth metals and predominantly Cl- - SO4+2 water type. Comparison made from the geochemical maps indicate that high total dissolve solids occur at the discharge area and relatively the groundwater at various discharge point is older in age and has high residence time to that of recharge area. Hydrochemical data analysis revealed four sources of solutes. The processes responsible for their enrichment include: chemical weathering, leaching of the overlying sediments, domestic activities, climatic condition and the flow pattern of the aquifer. These factors have contributed to the changes of the groundwater chemistry. From the static well level measurement plot, it was revealed that the dominant trend for the groundwater movement is in the N-S, NW-SE and NE-SW directions which shows that the groundwater of the area is structurally controlled.
{"title":"Mapping of Groundwater Chemistry and Hydrochemical Facies of Part of Minna, North Central, Nigeria.","authors":"Shuaibu, A.M., Ovwasa, M.O.","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v4i1.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v4i1.193","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrochemical patterns has been mapped and correlated with groundwater flow systems to varying degrees using hydrochemical facies. Reliable broad relationship between chemical composition and the flow distribution of groundwater were established in the process. This study examines the water quality and groundwater flow patterns present in the crystalline basement aquifer of Part of Minna in North Central Nigeria for environmental purpose. Sixteen water samples were collected from wells and analyzed for various parameters including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (Ec), K+, Na+, Ca+, Mg+, Cl-, HCO3- and SO4- using standard procedures of water analysis. The analytical results present the abundance of both physical and chemical parameters in the following order: pH (5.8 – 7.6), Ec (116.7 - 1562µs/m), TDS (128.6 – 1046.5 mg/l), Na+ (25.3 – 144.8 mg/l), K+ (1.1 – 39.5 mg/l), Mg+2 (5.6 – 30.7 mg/l), Cl- (20.4 – 276.5 mg/l), HCO3- (10.0 – 21.0 mg/l), SO4- (8.0 – 180 mg/l). Piper trilinear for the study area shows that there is a mixture of two types of water with variable concentrations of major ions. These are Na+ , K– ,Cl– , SO4+2 water type and Ca+ , Mg+2 , Cl –, SO4 +2, water types. This means that groundwater in the area is mainly made up of mixtures of the alkaline and alkaline earth metals and predominantly Cl- - SO4+2 water type. Comparison made from the geochemical maps indicate that high total dissolve solids occur at the discharge area and relatively the groundwater at various discharge point is older in age and has high residence time to that of recharge area. Hydrochemical data analysis revealed four sources of solutes. The processes responsible for their enrichment include: chemical weathering, leaching of the overlying sediments, domestic activities, climatic condition and the flow pattern of the aquifer. These factors have contributed to the changes of the groundwater chemistry. From the static well level measurement plot, it was revealed that the dominant trend for the groundwater movement is in the N-S, NW-SE and NE-SW directions which shows that the groundwater of the area is structurally controlled.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129198580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The unsteady flow of a micropolar fluid in a porous medium has been studied, taking the effect of Hall parameter and mass transfer into account. The resulting dimensionless partial differential equations were solved analytically using perturbation technique with a view to obtain solutions for the velocity, angular velocity, temperature and concentration distributions, as well as the Skin friction. The influence of various parameters governing the flow such as; the thermal Grashof number, Hartmann number, mass Grashof number, Schmidt number, Prandtl number, permeability Parameter, time and Hall parameter on the flow field. We observed that, the velocity increases with the increase in mass and thermal Grashof number and it decreases with increase in magmetic parameter, Hall current, permeability parameter, Schmidt number, and Prandtl number. Temperature decreases with increase in Prandtl number and concentration decreases with the increase in Schmidt number.
{"title":"Micropolar Fluid Flow with Hall Effect and Mass Transfer in a Porous Medium","authors":"Omokhuale, E., Uwanta, I. J., Ahmad, K.","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v2i4.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v2i4.212","url":null,"abstract":"The unsteady flow of a micropolar fluid in a porous medium has been studied, taking the effect of Hall parameter and mass transfer into account. The resulting dimensionless partial differential equations were solved analytically using perturbation technique with a view to obtain solutions for the velocity, angular velocity, temperature and concentration distributions, as well as the Skin friction. The influence of various parameters governing the flow such as; the thermal Grashof number, Hartmann number, mass Grashof number, Schmidt number, Prandtl number, permeability Parameter, time and Hall parameter on the flow field. We observed that, the velocity increases with the increase in mass and thermal Grashof number and it decreases with increase in magmetic parameter, Hall current, permeability parameter, Schmidt number, and Prandtl number. Temperature decreases with increase in Prandtl number and concentration decreases with the increase in Schmidt number.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114597390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amadi, A.N., Olasehinde, P.I., Yisa, J., Shaibu, I., Okoye, N.O.
In recent times, there have been increasing interests regarding heavy metal contaminations in the environments, apparently due to their toxicity and perceived persistency within the aquatic systems. Land and water are precious natural resources on which rely the sustainability of agriculture, industrialization and the civilization of mankind. They have been subjected to severe exploitation and contamination due to anthropogenic activities resulting from industrial effluent, refuse dumps, gas flaring, oil spillage and petroleum refining leading to the release of heavy metals into the environment. The results of the analyses indicate a low pH (3.84 – 7.74) and high concentrations of electrical conductivity (28.00 – 752.00), chloride (12.00 – 721.00) and heavy metals in the decreasing order of: Fe > Ni > Cu > Zn > Mn > Cd > V > Co > Pb > Cr > As > Hg. The heavy metal pollution index revealed that the metal pollution in the soil and water ranged from slightly polluted to very highly polluted. The poor sanitary condition coupled with the high degree environmental abuses in terms of oil spillage, gas flaring and industrial effluent in the area are responsible for the low pH, wide range in the concentration of EC, TDS, Chloride, E.coli, total coliform and heavy metals in the soil and water system in the area. Good sanitation, use of welllined soakaway, treatment of industrial effluent before discharge and putting an end to gas flaring and oil spills are advocated. The use of environmentally friendly techniques such as bioremediation and phytoremediation in remediating the contaminated soil and water in the area is recommended.
近年来，人们对环境中的重金属污染越来越感兴趣，这显然是由于它们的毒性和在水生系统内的持久性。土地和水是宝贵的自然资源，是农业、工业化和人类文明可持续发展的基础。由于工业废水、垃圾倾倒、天然气燃烧、石油泄漏和石油精炼等人为活动导致重金属释放到环境中，它们受到严重的开采和污染。结果表明:土壤pH值较低(3.84 ~ 7.74)，电导率(28.00 ~ 752.00)、氯化物(12.00 ~ 721.00)浓度较高，重金属浓度由高到低依次为:Fe > Ni > Cu > Zn > Mn > Cd > V > Co > Pb > Cr > As > Hg。重金属污染指数表明，土壤和水体的金属污染程度由轻度污染到重度污染。卫生条件差，加上该地区石油泄漏、天然气燃烧和工业废水等严重的环境滥用，导致该地区土壤和水系统中的pH值低，EC、TDS、氯化物、大肠杆菌、总大肠菌群和重金属的浓度范围广。他们提倡良好的卫生条件、使用有井的渗水道、在工业废水排放前进行处理，并杜绝煤气燃烧和石油泄漏。建议采用生物修复和植物修复等环境友好型技术修复该地区受污染的土壤和水。
{"title":"Environmental Geochemistry and Heavy Metal Assessment in Soils, Surface and Groundwater from Eastern Niger-Delta, Nigeria using Multivariate Pollution Indices","authors":"Amadi, A.N., Olasehinde, P.I., Yisa, J., Shaibu, I., Okoye, N.O.","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v2i3.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v2i3.235","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, there have been increasing interests regarding heavy metal contaminations in the environments, apparently due to their toxicity and perceived persistency within the aquatic systems. Land and water are precious natural resources on which rely the sustainability of agriculture, industrialization and the civilization of mankind. They have been subjected to severe exploitation and contamination due to anthropogenic activities resulting from industrial effluent, refuse dumps, gas flaring, oil spillage and petroleum refining leading to the release of heavy metals into the environment. The results of the analyses indicate a low pH (3.84 – 7.74) and high concentrations of electrical conductivity (28.00 – 752.00), chloride (12.00 – 721.00) and heavy metals in the decreasing order of: Fe > Ni > Cu > Zn > Mn > Cd > V > Co > Pb > Cr > As > Hg. The heavy metal pollution index revealed that the metal pollution in the soil and water ranged from slightly polluted to very highly polluted. The poor sanitary condition coupled with the high degree environmental abuses in terms of oil spillage, gas flaring and industrial effluent in the area are responsible for the low pH, wide range in the concentration of EC, TDS, Chloride, E.coli, total coliform and heavy metals in the soil and water system in the area. Good sanitation, use of welllined soakaway, treatment of industrial effluent before discharge and putting an end to gas flaring and oil spills are advocated. The use of environmentally friendly techniques such as bioremediation and phytoremediation in remediating the contaminated soil and water in the area is recommended.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123912921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omanayin, Y.A., Ogunbajo, M. I., Waziri, N. M., Ako, T. A., Shuaibu, A. M., Alaku, I. O.
The geochemistry of mine products and stream sediments from Kataeregi area in North-central Nigeria was studied with the objective of environmental hazards assessment that is caused by artisanal gold mining activities through field work and laboratory analyses. The field work involves the observation of physical impact of mining on the environment and collection of representative samples along the streams, mined site and tailings within the location of study. The sediment samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The result obtained from laboratory analysis was compared with the ideal average crustal concentration of the elements in upper continental crust. Field observation revealed that mining activity has impacted on the environment with land destruction, loss of vegetation and erosion of soils. Geological field mapping show the area is underlain with Migmatite-Gneiss complex, Mica Schist, Granite and Sandstone lithologies. Results from geochemical analysis revealed that sediments are enriched with elements such as Au (0.23ppm), Ag (2.59ppm), Hg (0.21ppm) and Mo (1.14ppm). The presence of Hg in sediments can get consumed directly or indirectly through food chain and passed on to human.
{"title":"Geochemical Investigation and Physical Impact Assessment of Artisanal Gold Mining, Kataeregi, North-Central Nigeria","authors":"Omanayin, Y.A., Ogunbajo, M. I., Waziri, N. M., Ako, T. A., Shuaibu, A. M., Alaku, I. O.","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v2i2.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v2i2.252","url":null,"abstract":"The geochemistry of mine products and stream sediments from Kataeregi area in North-central Nigeria was studied with the objective of environmental hazards assessment that is caused by artisanal gold mining activities through field work and laboratory analyses. The field work involves the observation of physical impact of mining on the environment and collection of representative samples along the streams, mined site and tailings within the location of study. The sediment samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The result obtained from laboratory analysis was compared with the ideal average crustal concentration of the elements in upper continental crust. Field observation revealed that mining activity has impacted on the environment with land destruction, loss of vegetation and erosion of soils. Geological field mapping show the area is underlain with Migmatite-Gneiss complex, Mica Schist, Granite and Sandstone lithologies. Results from geochemical analysis revealed that sediments are enriched with elements such as Au (0.23ppm), Ag (2.59ppm), Hg (0.21ppm) and Mo (1.14ppm). The presence of Hg in sediments can get consumed directly or indirectly through food chain and passed on to human.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115539519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study assessed water quality for drinking purpose of some reservoirs and ponds in Rimingado Local Government area in Kano region. The scarcity of drinking water in the study area lead to the consumption of untreated surface water directly from reservoirs and ponds. The research aimed at analysing the physico-chemical characteristics in the reservoirs and ponds in the study. The study investigated some physiochemical characteristics of the surface water in the area to ascertain the quality condition of the water, standard laboratory techniques were employed in the water quality analysis. The result shows that the levels of physical and chemical parameters are above national and international standards for drinking water. In all the water bodies BOD, phosphate, nitrate, turbidity, and colour were found to be above standards while DO, alkalinity, pH, taste and odour fall within the standard guideline limits. Most of the parameters analysed are above standards of NAFDAC, WHO, SON and FEFA among others. For this reasons the water in the six water bodies is found to be polluted. It is therefore recommended among other things that the water from these sources should be treated properly before consumption besides sourcing water from underground.
{"title":"Assessment of Physical and Chemical Water Quality for Drinking Purpose of Some Reservoirs and Ponds in Rimin Gado Local Government Area, Kano, State, Nigeria","authors":"Tasi’u, Y. R., Bichi, A. A.","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v2i1.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v2i1.285","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed water quality for drinking purpose of some reservoirs and ponds in Rimingado Local Government area in Kano region. The scarcity of drinking water in the study area lead to the consumption of untreated surface water directly from reservoirs and ponds. The research aimed at analysing the physico-chemical characteristics in the reservoirs and ponds in the study. The study investigated some physiochemical characteristics of the surface water in the area to ascertain the quality condition of the water, standard laboratory techniques were employed in the water quality analysis. The result shows that the levels of physical and chemical parameters are above national and international standards for drinking water. In all the water bodies BOD, phosphate, nitrate, turbidity, and colour were found to be above standards while DO, alkalinity, pH, taste and odour fall within the standard guideline limits. Most of the parameters analysed are above standards of NAFDAC, WHO, SON and FEFA among others. For this reasons the water in the six water bodies is found to be polluted. It is therefore recommended among other things that the water from these sources should be treated properly before consumption besides sourcing water from underground.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121795072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lawal, A., Galadima, A., Baba – Kutigi, A.N., Musa, M.
Natural radioactivity is a source of continuous exposure to human beings. It originates from both extraterrestrial sources and radioactive elements in the earth’s crust. The amount of radioactivity in soil varies geographically and ggeologically across the world. In Sokoto city and it’s environs, data on the levels of natural radioactivity in soils is absent. It was therefore considered imperative to measure the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in soil samples collected from various areas of Sokoto. Activity concentrations were measured by means of Sodium Iodide gamma-ray spectrometry. A total of 12 surface soil samples were collected from around Sokoto city. The measured activity concentrations of these radionuclides were compared with the data reported worldwide. Mean measured activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 53.68.28 Bq kg −1, 115.2928.4 Bq kg −1, and 2003.1278.1 Bq kg−1, respectively. Mean values of radium equivalent activity, air absorbed gamma radiation dose rate, and external radiation hazard index were 378.71±40.19 Bq kg−1, 1.09±0.06 nGy h−1, and 1.006 Bq kg−1, respectively. The annual effective radiation dose was calculated to be 1.09 mSvy−1. The result of this work has established the fact that soils from Sokoto contain enhanced level of gamma radiation that may be hazardous to the inhabitants of the area.
天然放射性物质是人类持续暴露的来源。它既来自地外，也来自地壳中的放射性元素。世界各地土壤中的放射性含量因地理和地质因素而异。在索科托市及其周边地区，没有关于土壤中天然放射性水平的数据。因此，有必要测量从索科托不同地区收集的土壤样品中226Ra、232Th和40K的活性浓度。用碘化钠伽马能谱法测定活性浓度。在索科托市周围共采集了12个表层土壤样本。这些放射性核素的测量活度浓度与全世界报告的数据进行了比较。226Ra、232Th和40K的平均测定活性浓度分别为53.68.28 Bq kg - 1、115.2928.4 Bq kg - 1和2003.1278.1 Bq kg - 1。放射当量活度均值为378.71±40.19 Bq kg−1，空气吸收γ辐射剂量率均值为1.09±0.06 nGy h−1，外辐射危害指数均值为1.006 Bq kg−1。年有效辐射剂量计算为1.09毫西维−1。这项工作的结果确定了这样一个事实，即索科托的土壤含有更高水平的伽马辐射，这可能对该地区的居民有害。
{"title":"Assessment of Human Exposures to Natural Sources of Radiation in Soils of the Cretaceous-Paleocene Formation of Sokoto Basin, Sokoto, Northwestern, Nigeria","authors":"Lawal, A., Galadima, A., Baba – Kutigi, A.N., Musa, M.","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v2i1.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v2i1.284","url":null,"abstract":"Natural radioactivity is a source of continuous exposure to human beings. It originates from both extraterrestrial sources and radioactive elements in the earth’s crust. The amount of radioactivity in soil varies geographically and ggeologically across the world. In Sokoto city and it’s environs, data on the levels of natural radioactivity in soils is absent. It was therefore considered imperative to measure the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in soil samples collected from various areas of Sokoto. Activity concentrations were measured by means of Sodium Iodide gamma-ray spectrometry. A total of 12 surface soil samples were collected from around Sokoto city. The measured activity concentrations of these radionuclides were compared with the data reported worldwide. Mean measured activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 53.68.28 Bq kg −1, 115.2928.4 Bq kg −1, and 2003.1278.1 Bq kg−1, respectively. Mean values of radium equivalent activity, air absorbed gamma radiation dose rate, and external radiation hazard index were 378.71±40.19 Bq kg−1, 1.09±0.06 nGy h−1, and 1.006 Bq kg−1, respectively. The annual effective radiation dose was calculated to be 1.09 mSvy−1. The result of this work has established the fact that soils from Sokoto contain enhanced level of gamma radiation that may be hazardous to the inhabitants of the area.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121476264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herbs, have long been recognized for their medicinal values. Ocimum sanctum belongs to the family Labiatae and is known as Tulsi in Hindi and Holy Basil in English. Tulsi constituents are chiefly femchol, methyl chavicol, linalool, eugenol and ß-caryophyllene, responsible for its anti-bacterial, anti-septic and anti-fungal action. Inhibitory effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Tulsi have been observed on enteric pathogens by Agar diffusion method. Tulsi is also known to have numerous pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, antistress, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antipyretic, anti inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, antihypertensive, CNS depressant, hepatoprotective, radioprotective, antitumor and antimicrobial activities. Methyl chavicol a major constituent of Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum) essential oil has been evaluated against the effect of methyl chavicol on the intracellular Glutathione. Cytosolic reduced glutathione was determined by the method of Jollow with slight modifications. In this method 1.0 ml of the cell free extract was precipitate with 1.0 ml of 4 % sulphosalicylic acid. The samples were then kept for 1 hour at 4ºC and centrifuged at 1200 g for 15 minutes at 40ºC. The assay mixture consisted of 0.1 ml of above supernatant, 2.7 ml of Phosphate buffer (0.01 M, pH 7.4) and 0.2 ml of freshly prepared 5, 5’- dithiobis-2-nitrobenzene (DTNB) in a total volume of 3.0 ml. The colour developed due to the formation of a yellow colored complex, 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoate, was measured immediately at 412 nm at 25ºC. It has been found in our study that the levels of glutathione were found to be 144μmole/gm at zero hours i.e. in yeast uninduced cells. Post 2 hours induction shows that levels of reduced glutathione in control untreated cells were found to be 124.4375μmole/gm cells. It went down as the induction period increases; at the end of 24hours induction the GSH levels were found to be 86.56775μmole/gm. These results in agreement with the previous studies. All treated cells showed decreased levels of GSH as the induction period increases. Decrease in GSH was found to be in dose dependent manner. A subsequent fall in the value of reduced glutathione was observed with the increasing concentrations of MC with the lowest being 28.452μmole/gm cells at 50µg/ml concentration of MC after 24 hrs inducton. This result is in coordination with the assumption that methyl chavicol may also affect the glutathione metabolic enzymes and may have affected the cell defense armory.
{"title":"Effect of Methyl Chavicol on the Candida albicans Intracellular Glutathione","authors":"Jabbi, A.M., Sani, Z. R., Yusuf, B.R.","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v2i1.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v2i1.275","url":null,"abstract":"Herbs, have long been recognized for their medicinal values. Ocimum sanctum belongs to the family Labiatae and is known as Tulsi in Hindi and Holy Basil in English. Tulsi constituents are chiefly femchol, methyl chavicol, linalool, eugenol and ß-caryophyllene, responsible for its anti-bacterial, anti-septic and anti-fungal action. Inhibitory effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Tulsi have been observed on enteric pathogens by Agar diffusion method. Tulsi is also known to have numerous pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, antistress, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antipyretic, anti inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, antihypertensive, CNS depressant, hepatoprotective, radioprotective, antitumor and antimicrobial activities. Methyl chavicol a major constituent of Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum) essential oil has been evaluated against the effect of methyl chavicol on the intracellular Glutathione. Cytosolic reduced glutathione was determined by the method of Jollow with slight modifications. In this method 1.0 ml of the cell free extract was precipitate with 1.0 ml of 4 % sulphosalicylic acid. The samples were then kept for 1 hour at 4ºC and centrifuged at 1200 g for 15 minutes at 40ºC. The assay mixture consisted of 0.1 ml of above supernatant, 2.7 ml of Phosphate buffer (0.01 M, pH 7.4) and 0.2 ml of freshly prepared 5, 5’- dithiobis-2-nitrobenzene (DTNB) in a total volume of 3.0 ml. The colour developed due to the formation of a yellow colored complex, 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoate, was measured immediately at 412 nm at 25ºC. It has been found in our study that the levels of glutathione were found to be 144μmole/gm at zero hours i.e. in yeast uninduced cells. Post 2 hours induction shows that levels of reduced glutathione in control untreated cells were found to be 124.4375μmole/gm cells. It went down as the induction period increases; at the end of 24hours induction the GSH levels were found to be 86.56775μmole/gm. These results in agreement with the previous studies. All treated cells showed decreased levels of GSH as the induction period increases. Decrease in GSH was found to be in dose dependent manner. A subsequent fall in the value of reduced glutathione was observed with the increasing concentrations of MC with the lowest being 28.452μmole/gm cells at 50µg/ml concentration of MC after 24 hrs inducton. This result is in coordination with the assumption that methyl chavicol may also affect the glutathione metabolic enzymes and may have affected the cell defense armory.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128946364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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