U. Iliyasu, Muhammad Muntasir Yakudu, A.A. Abdulwasiu
This study aims to explore the use of machine learning algorithms in predicting the likelihood of road traffic accidents in Katsina State, Nigeria, with the goal of reducing the high rate of road traffic accidents and associated loss of lives and properties. The study collects and analyzes data on road traffic accidents in Katsina State, including the number of accidents, location, time of day, and the type of vehicles involved. Machine learning algorithms such as Decision Trees, Random Forest, and K-Nearest Neighbors, are trained using the data to predict the likelihood of road traffic accidents. The study also identifies the factors that contribute to road traffic accidents in Katsina State by using techniques such as feature selection and correlation analysis, to identify the most important variables. The findings can be used by stakeholders, including the government, law enforcement agencies, and road safety organizations, to develop and implement effective strategies to reducing road traffic accidents in Katsina State. The study utilizes data collected from the Federal Road Safety Corps database in Katsina, Nigeria, and employs data cleaning and feature selection techniques to improve data quality. The Random Forest algorithm achieved the predictive value as 85% while K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Decision Tree algorithms yielded 17% and 42% respectively.
{"title":"Predictive Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents in Katsina State, Nigeria Using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Study on Factors and Mitigation Strategies","authors":"U. Iliyasu, Muhammad Muntasir Yakudu, A.A. Abdulwasiu","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.475","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore the use of machine learning algorithms in predicting the likelihood of road traffic accidents in Katsina State, Nigeria, with the goal of reducing the high rate of road traffic accidents and associated loss of lives and properties. The study collects and analyzes data on road traffic accidents in Katsina State, including the number of accidents, location, time of day, and the type of vehicles involved. Machine learning algorithms such as Decision Trees, Random Forest, and K-Nearest Neighbors, are trained using the data to predict the likelihood of road traffic accidents. The study also identifies the factors that contribute to road traffic accidents in Katsina State by using techniques such as feature selection and correlation analysis, to identify the most important variables. The findings can be used by stakeholders, including the government, law enforcement agencies, and road safety organizations, to develop and implement effective strategies to reducing road traffic accidents in Katsina State. The study utilizes data collected from the Federal Road Safety Corps database in Katsina, Nigeria, and employs data cleaning and feature selection techniques to improve data quality. The Random Forest algorithm achieved the predictive value as 85% while K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Decision Tree algorithms yielded 17% and 42% respectively.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133955326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kabiru A. Manju, A. Momoh, Y. B. Chukkol, Musa Isiyaku
This research work used mathematical modeling in understanding the dynamics of covid-19 disease. We modified the work of Chen et al. (2020) by incorporating vaccination and pets (spread agents) compartments, making the model a ten (10) compartmental model, and also augmenting four controls to it namely: vaccination, use of face mask and physical distancing, sanitation, and treatment. We developed from the model, a system of non-linear Ordinary Differential Equations from which the positivity of solution was proven. We established the equilibrium states, determined the reproduction number which was utilized to predict the disease's transmission dynamics, hence establishing the conditions for local and global stability of the disease free- equilibrium using Routh- Hurwitz criterion and the Castillo-Chavez technique, respectively. The outcome of the investigation of the stability of the disease-free equilibrium state that covid-19 disease transmission can be significantly degraded and eliminated if the secondary infection’s rate is maintained at a value less than unity. We also used Pontryagin's Maximum Principle to establish the optimality system. The optimality system was numerically solved in Matlab to establish the best strategy in controlling the transmission of covid-19 disease in the population. The graphical solutions revealed that the most effective strategy is the combination of vaccination, use of face mask and physical distancing, sanitation, and treatment of infected individuals in the population.
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Control of Intervention Strategies for Covid-19 Disease","authors":"Kabiru A. Manju, A. Momoh, Y. B. Chukkol, Musa Isiyaku","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.469","url":null,"abstract":"This research work used mathematical modeling in understanding the dynamics of covid-19 disease. We modified the work of Chen et al. (2020) by incorporating vaccination and pets (spread agents) compartments, making the model a ten (10) compartmental model, and also augmenting four controls to it namely: vaccination, use of face mask and physical distancing, sanitation, and treatment. We developed from the model, a system of non-linear Ordinary Differential Equations from which the positivity of solution was proven. We established the equilibrium states, determined the reproduction number which was utilized to predict the disease's transmission dynamics, hence establishing the conditions for local and global stability of the disease free- equilibrium using Routh- Hurwitz criterion and the Castillo-Chavez technique, respectively. The outcome of the investigation of the stability of the disease-free equilibrium state that covid-19 disease transmission can be significantly degraded and eliminated if the secondary infection’s rate is maintained at a value less than unity. We also used Pontryagin's Maximum Principle to establish the optimality system. The optimality system was numerically solved in Matlab to establish the best strategy in controlling the transmission of covid-19 disease in the population. The graphical solutions revealed that the most effective strategy is the combination of vaccination, use of face mask and physical distancing, sanitation, and treatment of infected individuals in the population.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128568542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K Usman, M. Abubakar, R. Abdullahi, R Muhammad, A. A. Muhammad, A. Usman
The Anacadium occidentalelinn (cashew nut) leaves extract have been excellently utilized as a reducing as well as capping agent for the synthesis of zincoxide and nickel ferrite nanoparticles using zinc acetate, and iron (lll) chloride, nickel chloride as precursor with a different calcined temperature at the furnace and its application in the treatment of tannery wastewater. The generation of zinc oxide was proved by various characterization techniques. XRD studies displayed that a cubic phase and the average crystallite size for the intense peak measured were about 30-56nm was exhibited by the synthesized nanoparticle SEM image showed that synthesized particle are granular around 50nm and roughly spherical in shape. EDS analysis proved the elemental composition of the synthesized sample and disclosed that oxygen as well as zinc are the dominant elements. The synthesized catalyst was used in the tannery wastewater treatment also the quality parameters of tannery wastewater after treatment with the synthesized catalyst under sunlight irradiation, significantly changed and found to be within acceptable range of quality water according to (WHO). The color, odor and appearance where changed to colorless, odorless, and clear. ph, 7.4 total organic carbon (TOC), 32(mg/dm3), turbidity, 2.5(NTU) respectively. The highest efficiency of the treatment process was attained under sunlight irradiation conditions in comparison to those which were recorded under dark conditions as revealed by the result of the analysis. This procedure is safe, environmentally friendly and viable due to its fast, low cost compared to other methods.
{"title":"Biosynthesis and Characterization of ZnO/NiFe2O4 Nanocatalyst via Green Route Using Anacadium occidentalelinn (cashew nut) and its photocatalytic activity for the treatment of tannery wastewater under sunlight irradiation","authors":"K Usman, M. Abubakar, R. Abdullahi, R Muhammad, A. A. Muhammad, A. Usman","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.481","url":null,"abstract":"The Anacadium occidentalelinn (cashew nut) leaves extract have been excellently utilized as a reducing as well as capping agent for the synthesis of zincoxide and nickel ferrite nanoparticles using zinc acetate, and iron (lll) chloride, nickel chloride as precursor with a different calcined temperature at the furnace and its application in the treatment of tannery wastewater. The generation of zinc oxide was proved by various characterization techniques. XRD studies displayed that a cubic phase and the average crystallite size for the intense peak measured were about 30-56nm was exhibited by the synthesized nanoparticle SEM image showed that synthesized particle are granular around 50nm and roughly spherical in shape. EDS analysis proved the elemental composition of the synthesized sample and disclosed that oxygen as well as zinc are the dominant elements. The synthesized catalyst was used in the tannery wastewater treatment also the quality parameters of tannery wastewater after treatment with the synthesized catalyst under sunlight irradiation, significantly changed and found to be within acceptable range of quality water according to (WHO). The color, odor and appearance where changed to colorless, odorless, and clear. ph, 7.4 total organic carbon (TOC), 32(mg/dm3), turbidity, 2.5(NTU) respectively. The highest efficiency of the treatment process was attained under sunlight irradiation conditions in comparison to those which were recorded under dark conditions as revealed by the result of the analysis. This procedure is safe, environmentally friendly and viable due to its fast, low cost compared to other methods.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Galerking method, Collocation method and least squired method have been used for solving boundary value problems (BVPs) and from practical point of view almost any success of above mention method depends on the selection of basis functions. Also, Adomain decomposition and variational iteration methods have been applied for the solution of BVPs and required respectively calculating the Adomian’s polynomials and Lagrange multipliers. In this paper a simple method of Degree polynomial approximation solution were n is number of successive derivatives of the governing equation is suggested as an alternative of the above mentioned methods. The method consists of first obtaining from the governing equation its n successive derivatives and boundary conditions a linear differential system of equations evaluated at the boundary points. Next, an approximate solution in the form of polynomial of degree with unknown coefficients is assumed. To determine the unknown coefficients, the assumed solution is incorporate into the linear differential system which turns to be a linear system of equation with unknowns which is salvable uniquely. The method is tested for n=5 to four examples. It clear that from tables 3.1 to 3.4 and figures 3.1 to 3.4 the numerical outcomes agree with the exact solution and also better than some existing results in the literatures. it should be also noted that the accuracy of the method can be increased by increased n. All Numerical computation were performed using maple 2016 software.
{"title":"A 〖(2n+9)〗^thDegree Polynomial Approximation Method for Solving Eight Order Linear Boundary Value Problems","authors":"Ibrahim Mutawakilu, Nakone Bello, Mustafa Aminu","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.468","url":null,"abstract":"Galerking method, Collocation method and least squired method have been used for solving boundary value problems (BVPs) and from practical point of view almost any success of above mention method depends on the selection of basis functions. Also, Adomain decomposition and variational iteration methods have been applied for the solution of BVPs and required respectively calculating the Adomian’s polynomials and Lagrange multipliers. In this paper a simple method of Degree polynomial approximation solution were n is number of successive derivatives of the governing equation is suggested as an alternative of the above mentioned methods. The method consists of first obtaining from the governing equation its n successive derivatives and boundary conditions a linear differential system of equations evaluated at the boundary points. Next, an approximate solution in the form of polynomial of degree with unknown coefficients is assumed. To determine the unknown coefficients, the assumed solution is incorporate into the linear differential system which turns to be a linear system of equation with unknowns which is salvable uniquely. The method is tested for n=5 to four examples. It clear that from tables 3.1 to 3.4 and figures 3.1 to 3.4 the numerical outcomes agree with the exact solution and also better than some existing results in the literatures. it should be also noted that the accuracy of the method can be increased by increased n. All Numerical computation were performed using maple 2016 software.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132396466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. O. Aremu, F. A. Issa, A. Muhammad, A.R. Tasiu, I.M. Muhammed
A cayley graph of a group , where S is the set of generators of is a graph that has a vertex for each element of and edge for and . In this work, we study the structural properties of undirected cayley graphs of the -non deranged permutation group ( ) obtained from a modulo p function (for and is prime), and established that the generators of are not unique and also the undirected cayley graphs is not simple.
{"title":"On Generators and Undirected Cayley graphs of Γ_1-Non-Deranged Permutation Groups","authors":"K. O. Aremu, F. A. Issa, A. Muhammad, A.R. Tasiu, I.M. Muhammed","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.466","url":null,"abstract":"A cayley graph of a group , where S is the set of generators of is a graph that has a vertex for each element of and edge for and . In this work, we study the structural properties of undirected cayley graphs of the -non deranged permutation group ( ) obtained from a modulo p function (for and is prime), and established that the generators of are not unique and also the undirected cayley graphs is not simple.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130528314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There about 460 Anopheles species recognized, over 100 can transmit human malaria but only 30–40 commonly transmit parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which cause malaria. Anopheles gambiae is the principal vector of the most dangerous malaria parasite species in Africa, which is Plasmodium falciparum. Anopheles gambiae are a complex consisting of eight morphologically indistinguishable species and each of the members of the complex having unique biology, ecology and behaviour and should be studied and differentiated. The research objective was to identify the species of malaria vector in Gusau township Nigeria using molecular biological technique to know the exact malaria vector. Knowledge of the exact malaria vector in a given environment enables formulating a carefully designed tailor-made vector control measure. Indoor and outdoor mosquito samples were collected from selected areas in five wards of Gusau township using standard collection methods, for a period of twelve months. The samples were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and the result showed Anopheles gambiae in all sites of sample collection. It is therefore recommended that integrated malaria vector control should be adopted in the mosquito control programme because Anopheles gambiae is rugged and can be difficult to control and/or eradicate because of the emerging insecticide resistance and its close association with human host.
{"title":"Molecular Identification of Malaria Vector in Gusau Township, Nigeria","authors":"K. Abdullahi, S. I. Moyi, M.T. Abdulazeez","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.482","url":null,"abstract":"There about 460 Anopheles species recognized, over 100 can transmit human malaria but only 30–40 commonly transmit parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which cause malaria. Anopheles gambiae is the principal vector of the most dangerous malaria parasite species in Africa, which is Plasmodium falciparum. Anopheles gambiae are a complex consisting of eight morphologically indistinguishable species and each of the members of the complex having unique biology, ecology and behaviour and should be studied and differentiated. The research objective was to identify the species of malaria vector in Gusau township Nigeria using molecular biological technique to know the exact malaria vector. Knowledge of the exact malaria vector in a given environment enables formulating a carefully designed tailor-made vector control measure. Indoor and outdoor mosquito samples were collected from selected areas in five wards of Gusau township using standard collection methods, for a period of twelve months. The samples were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and the result showed Anopheles gambiae in all sites of sample collection. It is therefore recommended that integrated malaria vector control should be adopted in the mosquito control programme because Anopheles gambiae is rugged and can be difficult to control and/or eradicate because of the emerging insecticide resistance and its close association with human host.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weather patterns and rainfall are essential pieces of information that drive the agricultural sector. For a peasant farmer in katsina, knowledge of pattern of rainfall is a vital determinant of which crops to plant and when to commence planting. Considering its implications for agriculture, water resource management, and disaster preparedness, this paper developed rainfall prediction models specifically tailored to the unique patterns in Katsina State, Nigeria. The work used Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with 10 years historical rainfall data obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency Katsina where data were collected from Nigerian Meteorological Agency Katsina State, then preprocessed and subjected to the models, while the evaluation matrices that were used are Precision, Recall, Accuracy, F1-Score, R- Square, Mean Square Error (MSE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results of this research indicate that the ANN model outperforms the MLR model with R-Square of ANN equal 0.532 and that of MLR equal to 0.099 and also the precision, recall and f1-score for ANN are 0.666, 0.666 and 0.661 respectively while for MLR they are 0.580, 0.583 and 0.564 respectively. These findings suggest that the ANN model is better at capturing the linear relationship between input variables and rainfall.
{"title":"Rainfall Prediction Models for Katsina State, Nigeria: Machine Learning Approach","authors":"Umar Iliyasu, G.N Obunadike, Eli Adama Jiya","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.473","url":null,"abstract":"Weather patterns and rainfall are essential pieces of information that drive the agricultural sector. For a peasant farmer in katsina, knowledge of pattern of rainfall is a vital determinant of which crops to plant and when to commence planting. Considering its implications for agriculture, water resource management, and disaster preparedness, this paper developed rainfall prediction models specifically tailored to the unique patterns in Katsina State, Nigeria. The work used Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with 10 years historical rainfall data obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency Katsina where data were collected from Nigerian Meteorological Agency Katsina State, then preprocessed and subjected to the models, while the evaluation matrices that were used are Precision, Recall, Accuracy, F1-Score, R- Square, Mean Square Error (MSE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results of this research indicate that the ANN model outperforms the MLR model with R-Square of ANN equal 0.532 and that of MLR equal to 0.099 and also the precision, recall and f1-score for ANN are 0.666, 0.666 and 0.661 respectively while for MLR they are 0.580, 0.583 and 0.564 respectively. These findings suggest that the ANN model is better at capturing the linear relationship between input variables and rainfall.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kabiru Zaki, A. Mahmuda, Y. Yakubu, A. A. Mohammed, Musibau Olayinka Alayande, M. Lawal, M. Usman, Abdulwahab Habibullah Olabisi
Diagnostic tools to detect and differentiate Fasciola species have improved, but the understanding of the distribution and population structure of this parasite is location dependent. This study was aimed to phenotypically identify Fasciola species from cattle brought for slaughter at Birnin Kebbi Modern Abattoir. Ante-mortem faecal samples were collected from the sampled cattle for worm egg detection and post-mortem inspection of liver samples were performed. Two methods of Parasitological (Flukefinder Kit and formalin-ether sedimentation) methods were performed on the faecal samples. Results have yielded a high prevalence (31.2%) of fluke eggs with the Flukefinder Kit than with formalin-ether sedimentation technique (8.5%). Prevalence was higher (34%) in the males than in female (26.2%) cattle. Younger cattle (34.3%) were also more infected than their older (30.7%) counterpart. Sokoto Gudali had the highest prevalence of 44.0% followed by Red Bororo with 34.0%, and the least prevalence was observed in Bunaji breed with 18.0%. Statistical analyses results had revealed no significant relation between prevalence of fasciolosis and the co-variables (sex, age) as p > 0.05 but there was a significant association between prevalence and breed of cattle (p = 0.018). There was no significant agreement between the methods of faecal analyses used. Prevalence of 15.8% was observed from the post-mortem examination. This have increased the knowledge about the existence of the parasite in the study area. It is recommended that the Flukefinder® Kit should be used in diagnosis of Fasciola species due to its high sensitivity compared to the conventional sedimentation method.
{"title":"Prevalence of Fasciola species from Cattle Slaughtered at Birnin Kebbi Modern Abattoir","authors":"Kabiru Zaki, A. Mahmuda, Y. Yakubu, A. A. Mohammed, Musibau Olayinka Alayande, M. Lawal, M. Usman, Abdulwahab Habibullah Olabisi","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i1.420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i1.420","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnostic tools to detect and differentiate Fasciola species have improved, but the understanding of the distribution and population structure of this parasite is location dependent. This study was aimed to phenotypically identify Fasciola species from cattle brought for slaughter at Birnin Kebbi Modern Abattoir. Ante-mortem faecal samples were collected from the sampled cattle for worm egg detection and post-mortem inspection of liver samples were performed. Two methods of Parasitological (Flukefinder Kit and formalin-ether sedimentation) methods were performed on the faecal samples. Results have yielded a high prevalence (31.2%) of fluke eggs with the Flukefinder Kit than with formalin-ether sedimentation technique (8.5%). Prevalence was higher (34%) in the males than in female (26.2%) cattle. Younger cattle (34.3%) were also more infected than their older (30.7%) counterpart. Sokoto Gudali had the highest prevalence of 44.0% followed by Red Bororo with 34.0%, and the least prevalence was observed in Bunaji breed with 18.0%. Statistical analyses results had revealed no significant relation between prevalence of fasciolosis and the co-variables (sex, age) as p > 0.05 but there was a significant association between prevalence and breed of cattle (p = 0.018). There was no significant agreement between the methods of faecal analyses used. Prevalence of 15.8% was observed from the post-mortem examination. This have increased the knowledge about the existence of the parasite in the study area. It is recommended that the Flukefinder® Kit should be used in diagnosis of Fasciola species due to its high sensitivity compared to the conventional sedimentation method.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128406857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twenty-six (26) samples of different bread brands sold in Gusau metropolis of Northern Nigeria were analyzed for potassium bromate and some heavy metals content. The study revealed the presence of potassium bromate in all the samples analyzed. The concentrations ranged from 3.45-9.38 mg/kg; all the values were above the allowed limit by FDA of 0.02 μg/g (0.02 mg/kg). Atomic absorption spectroscopic method was used for the heavy metals determination, the heavy metals determined were Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Fe, and results obtained were assessed on the basis of the permissible limits for the respective metals in Foods. The concentrations of Pb, and Cd in the samples were in the range of 0.12-1.20 mg/kg and 0.010- 0.081mg/kg respectively. Permissible limit for Pb and Cd in food is 0.2-2.5 mg kg-1 and 0.05 mg/kg respectively. The levels of Cadmium in some of the samples (Samples E, F, H, P R and S) suggest a certain degree of contamination. The values for Cu, Zn and Fe in the samples ranged as follows; Cu (0.03-0.099 mg/kg), Zn (0.24-5.23 mg/kg) and Fe (0.71- 6.67 mg/kg). Cu and Zn content in all the samples where within permissible limits. The concentration for Fe was above permissible limit in one of the samples (samples G, 6.67 mg/kg).
{"title":"Assessment of Bread Safety in Gusau- Zamfara State: Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Potassium Bromate and Some Heavy Metals","authors":"Z. Bello, N. N.A. Sani, S. Ishaq","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i1.394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i1.394","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-six (26) samples of different bread brands sold in Gusau metropolis of Northern Nigeria were analyzed for potassium bromate and some heavy metals content. The study revealed the presence of potassium bromate in all the samples analyzed. The concentrations ranged from 3.45-9.38 mg/kg; all the values were above the allowed limit by FDA of 0.02 μg/g (0.02 mg/kg). Atomic absorption spectroscopic method was used for the heavy metals determination, the heavy metals determined were Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Fe, and results obtained were assessed on the basis of the permissible limits for the respective metals in Foods. The concentrations of Pb, and Cd in the samples were in the range of 0.12-1.20 mg/kg and 0.010- 0.081mg/kg respectively. Permissible limit for Pb and Cd in food is 0.2-2.5 mg kg-1 and 0.05 mg/kg respectively. The levels of Cadmium in some of the samples (Samples E, F, H, P R and S) suggest a certain degree of contamination. The values for Cu, Zn and Fe in the samples ranged as follows; Cu (0.03-0.099 mg/kg), Zn (0.24-5.23 mg/kg) and Fe (0.71- 6.67 mg/kg). Cu and Zn content in all the samples where within permissible limits. The concentration for Fe was above permissible limit in one of the samples (samples G, 6.67 mg/kg).","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117116736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ojemeri Ojemeri, E. Omokhuale, M. Hamza, I. Onwubuya, A. Shuaibu
This article investigates the MHD free convection flow of a Casson fluid that is electrically conductive, affected by thermal radiation effect in a vertical porous channel. The resulting solutions of the leading differential equations describing the velocity and temperature flows characteristics are obtained analytically using regular perturbation method. The actions of Casson fluid parameter, magnetic field effect, thermal radiation parameters on the velocity field, temperature distribution, skin friction coefficient and rate of heat transfer has been presented for relevant temperature jump and velocity slip conditions. The results obtained revealed that by taking varying values of the major controlling parameters, such as Casson parameter, thermal radiation parameter, magnetic field effect, rarefaction parameter and wall ambient temperature difference ratio parameter, the velocity and temperature profiles are substantially influenced. Additionally, when the Casson parameter is set to be 1000, the numerical computations of these findings agree very well with those of Abbas et al., 2020.
本文研究了导电卡森流体在垂直多孔通道中受热辐射效应影响的MHD自由对流流动。用正则摄动法解析得到了描述速度和温度流动特性的主要微分方程的结果解。在相应的温度跳跃和速度滑移条件下，给出了卡森流体参数、磁场效应、热辐射参数对速度场、温度分布、表面摩擦系数和换热率的作用。结果表明，当卡森参数、热辐射参数、磁场效应、稀薄参数和壁面环境温差比参数等主要控制参数取值不同时，速度和温度分布都会受到较大影响。此外，当Casson参数设置为1000时，这些结果的数值计算与Abbas et al.， 2020的结果非常吻合。
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