Sufficient energy supply is increasingly becoming an important mechanism for catalyzing the development of a nation. A gradual shift to biofuels development was considered advantageous in reducing the pollution and other challenges associated with fossil fuels. Specifically, biodiesel production is one of those options prioritized in the literature. Herein, we demonstrated how a local rock sample can catalyze the upgrading of used groundnut oil into fuel-grade biodiesel at the laboratory scale via transesterification with methanol. The rock-based catalyst was characterized mainly to compose of oxides in the order SiO2 > Al2O3 > CaO > MgO > Fe2O3 with traces of Na2O, K2O, MnO and P2O5. The overall catalysis was believed to be initiated and aided by support, active sites participation and promotion effect. The optimum properties of 65oC, 6:1 (methanol: oil), moderate stirring and 100 mg catalyst loading were responsible for deriving 98.05% biodiesel yield. All the assessed fuel properties were also within the standard limits approved by ASTM. Thus, this suggests the feasibilities of the process parameters employed.
{"title":"Local Rock Sample as Catalytic Material for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil","authors":"A. Galadima, A. Lawal, R. Muhammad, M. Abubakar","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i1.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i1.392","url":null,"abstract":"Sufficient energy supply is increasingly becoming an important mechanism for catalyzing the development of a nation. A gradual shift to biofuels development was considered advantageous in reducing the pollution and other challenges associated with fossil fuels. Specifically, biodiesel production is one of those options prioritized in the literature. Herein, we demonstrated how a local rock sample can catalyze the upgrading of used groundnut oil into fuel-grade biodiesel at the laboratory scale via transesterification with methanol. The rock-based catalyst was characterized mainly to compose of oxides in the order SiO2 > Al2O3 > CaO > MgO > Fe2O3 with traces of Na2O, K2O, MnO and P2O5. The overall catalysis was believed to be initiated and aided by support, active sites participation and promotion effect. The optimum properties of 65oC, 6:1 (methanol: oil), moderate stirring and 100 mg catalyst loading were responsible for deriving 98.05% biodiesel yield. All the assessed fuel properties were also within the standard limits approved by ASTM. Thus, this suggests the feasibilities of the process parameters employed.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127148110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nusaiba Danmaliki, A. Haroun, P. Vantsawa, A. Alhaji
Resistance of bacteria to many antibiotics is now a challenge that has become a source of mortality in many countries. Pathogens that are previously susceptible are now becoming resistant and are spreading among water bodies. This study will determine the Antibiotic Resistance pattern and Multiple drug Resistance Index of Water-borne bacteria isolated from Underground well Water of some Wards in Gusau metropolis. Eighteen water samples were collected from 6 locations (three from each) in Gusau. These samples were plated, cultured and emerging strain of bacteria were isolated and characterized using standard biochemical method. 24 bacterial isolates were found and characterized into eight genera. The bacteria with the highest frequency was Pseudomonas spp. (29.2%) followed by Shigella spp.and Alicaligenes with (16.7%) then (12.5%) Citrobacter freudii, Salmonella spp and Proteus mirabilis with (8.3%) followed finally by Serratia and Yersinia (4.2%). Antibiotic resistance patterns were determined using disk-diffusion method. Twelve antibiotics belonging to the class B-lactams were tested. The isolates show 96 % resistance to Cefotaxime, 92% Ampiclox, 87.5% Cefuroxime, 75% Amoxicillin and Imipenem, 50% Nalidixic acid, 33.3% Gentamycin, 8.3% Oflaxacin and 4.2 % Cefexime. It was observed that the isolates were 100% susceptible to Lovofloxacin, 96% Cefexime, 92% Ofloxacin, 75% Ceftriaxone sulbactarm, 66.7% Gentamycin, 58% Nitrofurantoin, 50% Nalidixic acid, 25% Amoxicillin, 12.5% Cefuroxime, 8.3% Ampiclox, and 4.2% Cefotaxime. A MAR index > 0.2 was observed for the isolates, indicating frequent antibiotic use in the area.
{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance pattern/ Multiple drug Resistance Index of Water-borne Bacteria isolated from Underground well Water of some Wards in Gusau Metropolis Zamfara State","authors":"Nusaiba Danmaliki, A. Haroun, P. Vantsawa, A. Alhaji","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i1.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i1.404","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance of bacteria to many antibiotics is now a challenge that has become a source of mortality in many countries. Pathogens that are previously susceptible are now becoming resistant and are spreading among water bodies. This study will determine the Antibiotic Resistance pattern and Multiple drug Resistance Index of Water-borne bacteria isolated from Underground well Water of some Wards in Gusau metropolis. Eighteen water samples were collected from 6 locations (three from each) in Gusau. These samples were plated, cultured and emerging strain of bacteria were isolated and characterized using standard biochemical method. 24 bacterial isolates were found and characterized into eight genera. The bacteria with the highest frequency was Pseudomonas spp. (29.2%) followed by Shigella spp.and Alicaligenes with (16.7%) then (12.5%) Citrobacter freudii, Salmonella spp and Proteus mirabilis with (8.3%) followed finally by Serratia and Yersinia (4.2%). Antibiotic resistance patterns were determined using disk-diffusion method. Twelve antibiotics belonging to the class B-lactams were tested. The isolates show 96 % resistance to Cefotaxime, 92% Ampiclox, 87.5% Cefuroxime, 75% Amoxicillin and Imipenem, 50% Nalidixic acid, 33.3% Gentamycin, 8.3% Oflaxacin and 4.2 % Cefexime. It was observed that the isolates were 100% susceptible to Lovofloxacin, 96% Cefexime, 92% Ofloxacin, 75% Ceftriaxone sulbactarm, 66.7% Gentamycin, 58% Nitrofurantoin, 50% Nalidixic acid, 25% Amoxicillin, 12.5% Cefuroxime, 8.3% Ampiclox, and 4.2% Cefotaxime. A MAR index > 0.2 was observed for the isolates, indicating frequent antibiotic use in the area.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132427873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammed Kodiya, Mustapha Shettima, M. Modu, F. Yusuf
This study aimed at assessing the economic and environmental benefits of waste scavenging in Maiduguri, which has been presumably neglected by formal sector. The objectives of the study were to: identify the types of waste materials recovered by scavengers, determine the average monthly income and factors that influence the income of Scavengers and examine the environmental benefits of waste scavenging. Data were collected using Questionnaire and observation checklists. Five wards out of the 15 wards that constituted the study area were purposively selected for the study. 210 scavengers were randomly selected and administer Questionnaire at the depots in each of the sampled wards where they sell recovered materials. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square test. The study found that scavenging is a male dominated occupation, with a mean age of 20.2 and average monthly income of N13, 500. The Chi-square test performed to demonstrate the influence of socio demographic factors on income of scavengers revealed a significant association between Age, Educational attainment, length of practice, marital status and categories of waste scavengers. Gender and alternative occupation were the only insignificant factors. The study also showed that, Scrap metals and aluminum were the major materials recovered by scavengers as ascertain by 65.71%, and that the materials are recovered base on their economic value, quality and state. Seasonal differences also contribute to the pricing of recyclable materials recovered by scavengers. The study also revealed that despite the significant contribution of scavengers to environmental sustenance, economic growth and poverty reduction, their activities is still not acknowledge by local authorities in the study area. The study recommends that Government should recognize their contributions as important stakeholders in the waste management sector in Maiduguri by diversifying the types of recyclables and establishing recycling plants, more permanent employment could be provided for the scavengers and other people, thereby improving the economy. Also, Successful integration of scavengers into a formal programme can help optimize waste collection and recycling in an integrated waste management programme. If well organized, scavengers could be given the necessary training that would enable them overcome the challenges they encounter in their activities, especially those related to vulnerability of hazards.
{"title":"The Socio-Economic and Environmental Benefits of Waste Scavenging in Maiduguri, Borno State","authors":"Muhammed Kodiya, Mustapha Shettima, M. Modu, F. Yusuf","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i1.408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i1.408","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at assessing the economic and environmental benefits of waste scavenging in Maiduguri, which has been presumably neglected by formal sector. The objectives of the study were to: identify the types of waste materials recovered by scavengers, determine the average monthly income and factors that influence the income of Scavengers and examine the environmental benefits of waste scavenging. Data were collected using Questionnaire and observation checklists. Five wards out of the 15 wards that constituted the study area were purposively selected for the study. 210 scavengers were randomly selected and administer Questionnaire at the depots in each of the sampled wards where they sell recovered materials. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square test. The study found that scavenging is a male dominated occupation, with a mean age of 20.2 and average monthly income of N13, 500. The Chi-square test performed to demonstrate the influence of socio demographic factors on income of scavengers revealed a significant association between Age, Educational attainment, length of practice, marital status and categories of waste scavengers. Gender and alternative occupation were the only insignificant factors. The study also showed that, Scrap metals and aluminum were the major materials recovered by scavengers as ascertain by 65.71%, and that the materials are recovered base on their economic value, quality and state. Seasonal differences also contribute to the pricing of recyclable materials recovered by scavengers. The study also revealed that despite the significant contribution of scavengers to environmental sustenance, economic growth and poverty reduction, their activities is still not acknowledge by local authorities in the study area. The study recommends that Government should recognize their contributions as important stakeholders in the waste management sector in Maiduguri by diversifying the types of recyclables and establishing recycling plants, more permanent employment could be provided for the scavengers and other people, thereby improving the economy. Also, Successful integration of scavengers into a formal programme can help optimize waste collection and recycling in an integrated waste management programme. If well organized, scavengers could be given the necessary training that would enable them overcome the challenges they encounter in their activities, especially those related to vulnerability of hazards.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131074056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although physical storefronts are still widely valuable and used, there has been substantial increase in electronic commerce in the fashion sector in recent years in Nigeria. The fashion sector alone presently accounts for 37% of e-commerce revenues to Nigeria’s economy and the Nigerian eCommerce revenue is led by Electronics & Media with 39.3%, followed by Fashion with 22.3% (Otaru, A. 2022). The globalization of e-commerce has also had a significant impact on Nigeria’s fashion industry while the wider African e-commerce landscape is being pushed by sales in fashion despite the prevalent challenges. This study provides a literary resource to the body of knowledge of the Nigerian fashion and e-commerce industry. It identifies the key factors that contribute to the success of e-commerce fashion businesses in Nigeria and develops a workable computerized system specifically designed for e-commerce fashion businesses. By leveraging technology, fashion businesses can streamline their operations, improve customer experiences, and stay competitive in the ever-changing fashion industry. Observations were made to understand the current state of the fashion industry and the challenges faced by fashion businesses. Documentation was used to gather information about the history of the fashion industry and the evolution of e-commerce. Interviews were conducted with fashion designers, fashion business owners, e-commerce experts and customers to gain insights into the key factors that contribute to the success of e-commerce fashion businesses. The outcome of this study is a workable computerized system specifically designed for the fashion industry. The system is designed to help fashion businesses streamline their operations, improve customer experiences, and stay competitive in the ever-changing fashion industry.
尽管实体店仍然有广泛的价值和使用，但近年来尼日利亚时尚行业的电子商务已经大幅增加。仅时尚行业目前就占尼日利亚经济电子商务收入的37%，尼日利亚电子商务收入以电子和媒体为首，占39.3%，其次是时尚业，占22.3% (Otaru, A. 2022)。电子商务的全球化也对尼日利亚的时尚产业产生了重大影响，而更广泛的非洲电子商务格局正在受到时尚销售的推动，尽管存在普遍的挑战。本研究为尼日利亚时尚和电子商务行业的知识体系提供了文学资源。它确定了有助于尼日利亚时尚电子商务业务成功的关键因素，并开发了一个专门为时尚电子商务业务设计的可行的计算机化系统。通过利用技术，时尚企业可以简化运营，改善客户体验，并在不断变化的时尚行业中保持竞争力。通过观察了解时尚产业的现状和时尚企业面临的挑战。文件被用来收集有关时尚产业历史和电子商务发展的信息。我们访问了时装设计师、时装企业主、电子商务专家和顾客，以了解促成电子商务时装业务成功的关键因素。本研究的结果是一个可行的计算机系统，专门为时尚行业设计。该系统旨在帮助时尚企业简化运营，改善客户体验，并在不断变化的时尚行业中保持竞争力。
{"title":"Development of a Computerized System for Fashion Business","authors":"J. Ogbiti, Oyaimare Uddin","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i1.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i1.399","url":null,"abstract":"Although physical storefronts are still widely valuable and used, there has been substantial increase in electronic commerce in the fashion sector in recent years in Nigeria. The fashion sector alone presently accounts for 37% of e-commerce revenues to Nigeria’s economy and the Nigerian eCommerce revenue is led by Electronics & Media with 39.3%, followed by Fashion with 22.3% (Otaru, A. 2022). The globalization of e-commerce has also had a significant impact on Nigeria’s fashion industry while the wider African e-commerce landscape is being pushed by sales in fashion despite the prevalent challenges. This study provides a literary resource to the body of knowledge of the Nigerian fashion and e-commerce industry. It identifies the key factors that contribute to the success of e-commerce fashion businesses in Nigeria and develops a workable computerized system specifically designed for e-commerce fashion businesses. By leveraging technology, fashion businesses can streamline their operations, improve customer experiences, and stay competitive in the ever-changing fashion industry. Observations were made to understand the current state of the fashion industry and the challenges faced by fashion businesses. Documentation was used to gather information about the history of the fashion industry and the evolution of e-commerce. Interviews were conducted with fashion designers, fashion business owners, e-commerce experts and customers to gain insights into the key factors that contribute to the success of e-commerce fashion businesses. The outcome of this study is a workable computerized system specifically designed for the fashion industry. The system is designed to help fashion businesses streamline their operations, improve customer experiences, and stay competitive in the ever-changing fashion industry.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132218254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mada, S. Ibrahim, M. Abarshi, B. Sanusi, P. Abaya, N. Garba, Kabiru Usman, A. Hamza, M. Umar, Muttaka Auwalu, A. Jabbi, Kabiru Samaila
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is an age related skeletal metabolic disorder that affects most elderly women worldwide owing to the loss of estrogen activity, increase in bone turnover rate and circulating level of bone turnover markers. Although osteocalcin, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, and pro-collagen type I N- and C-terminal pro-peptides are considered as the most sensitive markers of bone formation however, they suffer some limitations. Consequently, periostin, sclerostin and dickkopf-1 protein (Dkk-1) are emerging diagnosis markers of bone pathologies and monitoring therapeutic interventions and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. These markers serve as effective tools for diagnosis of bone disorders, predict reduction in fracture risk, reflect metabolic effect of drugs during bone remodeling and could be used to establish the lowest dose that elicit the required change in bone mineral density. Biological variability from different sources including controllable and uncontrollable factors could serve as the major limitations of these established markers of bone formation (BFMs). This review, therefore focus on the therapeutic applications of selected bone turnover markers for early diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
{"title":"Bone Turnover Markers for Diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis – A review","authors":"S. Mada, S. Ibrahim, M. Abarshi, B. Sanusi, P. Abaya, N. Garba, Kabiru Usman, A. Hamza, M. Umar, Muttaka Auwalu, A. Jabbi, Kabiru Samaila","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i1.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i1.402","url":null,"abstract":"Postmenopausal osteoporosis is an age related skeletal metabolic disorder that affects most elderly women worldwide owing to the loss of estrogen activity, increase in bone turnover rate and circulating level of bone turnover markers. Although osteocalcin, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, and pro-collagen type I N- and C-terminal pro-peptides are considered as the most sensitive markers of bone formation however, they suffer some limitations. Consequently, periostin, sclerostin and dickkopf-1 protein (Dkk-1) are emerging diagnosis markers of bone pathologies and monitoring therapeutic interventions and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. These markers serve as effective tools for diagnosis of bone disorders, predict reduction in fracture risk, reflect metabolic effect of drugs during bone remodeling and could be used to establish the lowest dose that elicit the required change in bone mineral density. Biological variability from different sources including controllable and uncontrollable factors could serve as the major limitations of these established markers of bone formation (BFMs). This review, therefore focus on the therapeutic applications of selected bone turnover markers for early diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121703998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper examines the efficiency of nanoporous carbon modified with copper nanoparticles (nC@CuNPs) for the removal of microbial contaminants from polluted waters. The modified material was prepared by wet impregnation of the unmodified carbon material in a solution of as-prepared Cu-nanoparticles. The materials were characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric Analysis. The materials were then investigated for their ability to remove copper and lead using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), methylene blue using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy and microbial contaminants from simulated polluted water. The results showed that in addition to retaining its heavy metals (Cu and Pb), and methylene blue removal capacity, the modified material, nC@CuNPs was efficient in removing microbial contaminants (E. coli and Salmonella) from the polluted water. The study provides an avenue for the provision of easy access to a range of such water purification materials to the increasing world population and contributes towards meeting the United Nationals Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs).
{"title":"Nanoporous carbon from waste egg shells modified with copper-nanoparticles – An Efficient material for removal of microbial contaminants from polluted water","authors":"T. Izuagie, Saifya A. Muazu, Halilu A. Anka","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v8i4.360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v8i4.360","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the efficiency of nanoporous carbon modified with copper nanoparticles (nC@CuNPs) for the removal of microbial contaminants from polluted waters. The modified material was prepared by wet impregnation of the unmodified carbon material in a solution of as-prepared Cu-nanoparticles. The materials were characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric Analysis. The materials were then investigated for their ability to remove copper and lead using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), methylene blue using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy and microbial contaminants from simulated polluted water. The results showed that in addition to retaining its heavy metals (Cu and Pb), and methylene blue removal capacity, the modified material, nC@CuNPs was efficient in removing microbial contaminants (E. coli and Salmonella) from the polluted water. The study provides an avenue for the provision of easy access to a range of such water purification materials to the increasing world population and contributes towards meeting the United Nationals Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs).","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131461609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamza M. Murtala, U. Abdullahi, Samaila K. Ahmad, E. Omokhuale
The fully developed MHD mixed convection flow in a micro channel having variable thermal conductivity is considered. The velocity slip and temperature jump at both plates were taken into consideration. The effects of various flow parameters entering into the problem such as Hartmann number, variable thermal conductivity, mixed convection parameter, rarefaction parameter, fluid-wall interaction parameter and wall-ambient temperature difference ratio were discussed with the aid of line graphs. It is revealed that greater values of variable thermal conductivity tend to significantly improve the temperature and velocity gradients respectively. Furthermore, mixed convection parameter, significantly influence the flow pattern.
{"title":"Mixed Convection Flow in a Micro-channel in the Presence of Magnetic Field and Thermal Property","authors":"Hamza M. Murtala, U. Abdullahi, Samaila K. Ahmad, E. Omokhuale","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v8i4.366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v8i4.366","url":null,"abstract":"The fully developed MHD mixed convection flow in a micro channel having variable thermal conductivity is considered. The velocity slip and temperature jump at both plates were taken into consideration. The effects of various flow parameters entering into the problem such as Hartmann number, variable thermal conductivity, mixed convection parameter, rarefaction parameter, fluid-wall interaction parameter and wall-ambient temperature difference ratio were discussed with the aid of line graphs. It is revealed that greater values of variable thermal conductivity tend to significantly improve the temperature and velocity gradients respectively. Furthermore, mixed convection parameter, significantly influence the flow pattern.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123901630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fishes are most abundant aquatic vertebrates; they are being consumed by humans as protein supplements and as well serve as raw materials in drugs industries and source of foreign exchange. Juveniles Clarias gariepinus were sourced from ABU Institute of Agriculture Mando, Zaria Kaduna State and acclimatized for two weeks and fed 4mm Bluecrown feed containing 45% crude protein diet at 3% body weight twice daily at 12hours interval. Feed was formulated with garlic extract in to five groups; A (0.0g/kg), B (0.5g/kg), C (1.0g/kg), D (2.0g/kg) and E (5.0g/kg) diet. Fishes were grouped into five (triplicates) and feed different diets. Fish fed with 0.5g/kg garlic mixture supplemented diet increases significantly in growth when compared with the control groups and those other groups fed with 1.0 g/kg, 2.0 g/kg and 5.0 g/kg Garlic supplement. Similarly, among dietary groups, food conversion ratio (FCR) improved significantly (p < 0.05) in fish fed with 1.0 g/kg and 0.5 g/kg Garlic supplemented diet when compared with those fed with D (2.0 g/kg), D (5.0 g/kg) and control (0.0 g/kg). Percentage weight gain, mean weight and survival rate decreases as garlic supplements in the diets increases. Differences observed in packed cell volume (PCV) and White blood cell (WBC) were significantly high in 0.5g/kg garlic supplemented groups (PCV 33% and WBC 23.1 x103µL-1) when compared with the control group (PCV 27% and WBC 19.1 x103µL-1) and other groups with higher garlic supplements. Overall, fish fed with 0.5 g/kg garlic mixture extracts had improved haematological indices when compared with those fed with higher concentrations and control group. The study concluded that, 0.5g/kg level of garlic could effectively improve the growth performance, healthier and survival rate of Clarias gariepinus. This study was conducted to evaluate the dietary effects of garlic on growth and haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus.
鱼类是最丰富的水生脊椎动物;它们被人类作为蛋白质补充剂食用，也被用作制药业的原料和外汇来源。采自扎里亚·卡杜纳州Mando市ABU农业研究所的加里epinclarias幼鱼，经过2周的驯化，饲喂4mm、含45%粗蛋白质、3%体重的蓝冠饲料，每隔12小时饲喂2次。饲料中添加大蒜提取物，分为5组;(0.0克/公斤),B (0.5 g / kg), C (1.0 g / kg)、D (2.0 g / kg)和E (5.0 g / kg)的饮食。鱼被分成5组(3组)，饲喂不同的饲料。饲料中添加0.5g/kg大蒜混合物显著高于对照组和饲料中添加1.0 g/kg、2.0 g/kg和5.0 g/kg大蒜的其他组。同样，在饲料组中，饲料中添加1.0 g/kg和0.5 g/kg大蒜的鱼的食物转化率显著高于饲料中添加D (2.0 g/kg)、D (5.0 g/kg)和对照组(0.0 g/kg)的鱼(p < 0.05)。随着饲料中大蒜添加量的增加，增重百分比、平均体重和存活率都有所下降。与对照组(PCV 27%， WBC 19.1 x103µL-1)和其他大蒜添加量较高的组相比，0.5g/kg大蒜添加组(PCV 33%， WBC 23.1 x103µL-1)的堆积细胞体积(PCV)和白细胞(WBC)差异显著。总体而言，饲喂0.5 g/kg大蒜混合提取物的鱼与饲喂较高浓度和对照组相比，血液学指标有所改善。综上所述，0.5g/kg水平的大蒜可有效提高鸡Clarias gariepinus的生长性能、健康状况和成活率。本试验旨在研究饲料中添加大蒜对加里平Clarias gariepinus生长和血液参数的影响。
{"title":"Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Growth and Haematological Parameters in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Juveniles","authors":"Jabbi A.M., Ayeku P.O., Asiru R.A., Sani K.A.","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v8i4.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v8i4.364","url":null,"abstract":"Fishes are most abundant aquatic vertebrates; they are being consumed by humans as protein supplements and as well serve as raw materials in drugs industries and source of foreign exchange. Juveniles Clarias gariepinus were sourced from ABU Institute of Agriculture Mando, Zaria Kaduna State and acclimatized for two weeks and fed 4mm Bluecrown feed containing 45% crude protein diet at 3% body weight twice daily at 12hours interval. Feed was formulated with garlic extract in to five groups; A (0.0g/kg), B (0.5g/kg), C (1.0g/kg), D (2.0g/kg) and E (5.0g/kg) diet. Fishes were grouped into five (triplicates) and feed different diets. Fish fed with 0.5g/kg garlic mixture supplemented diet increases significantly in growth when compared with the control groups and those other groups fed with 1.0 g/kg, 2.0 g/kg and 5.0 g/kg Garlic supplement. Similarly, among dietary groups, food conversion ratio (FCR) improved significantly (p < 0.05) in fish fed with 1.0 g/kg and 0.5 g/kg Garlic supplemented diet when compared with those fed with D (2.0 g/kg), D (5.0 g/kg) and control (0.0 g/kg). Percentage weight gain, mean weight and survival rate decreases as garlic supplements in the diets increases. Differences observed in packed cell volume (PCV) and White blood cell (WBC) were significantly high in 0.5g/kg garlic supplemented groups (PCV 33% and WBC 23.1 x103µL-1) when compared with the control group (PCV 27% and WBC 19.1 x103µL-1) and other groups with higher garlic supplements. Overall, fish fed with 0.5 g/kg garlic mixture extracts had improved haematological indices when compared with those fed with higher concentrations and control group. The study concluded that, 0.5g/kg level of garlic could effectively improve the growth performance, healthier and survival rate of Clarias gariepinus. This study was conducted to evaluate the dietary effects of garlic on growth and haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126849254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fish is an important aspect of global dietary consumption and its demand makes it an important source of income and means of livelihood. 120 Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were sourced from Nagwamatse Farms Gusau, Zamfara State. They were acclimatized for 14 days and fed 4mm Bluecrown containing 45% crude protein diet at 3% body weight twice daily at 12hours interval and later subjected to varying concentrations of garlic extract for the period of twelve weeks. Cloves of garlic were sorted to remove the off types. Garlic dried scales were removed to allow easy air-dry in the laboratory. Dried samples were pulverized using mechanical blender. Ethanolic extraction was done using 100g of powdered samples to 500ml of ethanol. The extract was used to compound fish feed in three treatment (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%). The C. gariepinus samples were divided into eight groups (three treatments and a control with one replicates each). Water parameters were measured daily. The average highest mean weight gain was recorded in 1% extract treatment with 155.8±6.4 and the least mean weight was observed in the fish fed with 0.5g/kg of concentrates (140.5±8.73). C. gariepinus showed evidence of positive growth response however, high and very low concentrations of garlic extracts had lower positive growth response. Further research should be carried out on the physiological effects of high concentration, its durational effects and, palatability test to further ascertain its potency. The aim of this research study was to evaluate the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed with diets containing varying concentrations of Allium sativum extract.
{"title":"Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings Fed with Allium sativum Extract as Natural Feed Additives","authors":"Jabbi A.M., Asiru R.A., Ayeku P.O., Sani K.A.","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v8i4.367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v8i4.367","url":null,"abstract":"Fish is an important aspect of global dietary consumption and its demand makes it an important source of income and means of livelihood. 120 Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were sourced from Nagwamatse Farms Gusau, Zamfara State. They were acclimatized for 14 days and fed 4mm Bluecrown containing 45% crude protein diet at 3% body weight twice daily at 12hours interval and later subjected to varying concentrations of garlic extract for the period of twelve weeks. Cloves of garlic were sorted to remove the off types. Garlic dried scales were removed to allow easy air-dry in the laboratory. Dried samples were pulverized using mechanical blender. Ethanolic extraction was done using 100g of powdered samples to 500ml of ethanol. The extract was used to compound fish feed in three treatment (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%). The C. gariepinus samples were divided into eight groups (three treatments and a control with one replicates each). Water parameters were measured daily. The average highest mean weight gain was recorded in 1% extract treatment with 155.8±6.4 and the least mean weight was observed in the fish fed with 0.5g/kg of concentrates (140.5±8.73). C. gariepinus showed evidence of positive growth response however, high and very low concentrations of garlic extracts had lower positive growth response. Further research should be carried out on the physiological effects of high concentration, its durational effects and, palatability test to further ascertain its potency. The aim of this research study was to evaluate the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed with diets containing varying concentrations of Allium sativum extract.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121145114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The greatest aim of every educational setup is giving the best educational experience and knowledge to the students. Discovering the students who need extra support and guidance so as to carry out the necessary actions to enhance their performance plays an important role in achieving that aim. In this research work, three machine learning algorithms have been used to build a classifier that can predict the performance of the students in higher institutions considering three Tertiary institutions which are: Federal University Dutsinma, Katsina State, Abdu Gusau Polytechnic Talata Mafara and College of Education Maru, Zamfara State. The machine learning algorithms includ: Support Vector Machine, Linear Regression and Stochastic Gradient descent algorithms. The models have been compared using the Mean Absolute Error, Mean Square Error and Root Mean Square Error classification accuracy. The dataset used to build the models is collected based on a survey given to the students and the students’ grade book. The support vector machine model achieved the best performance that is equal to 99.1%.
{"title":"Comparative Between Three Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict and Improve Students’ Academic Performance","authors":"Bashiru Aliyu Sani, Samaila Baoku I.G, Bashir Jamilu Ahmed, Samaila Musa","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v8i4.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v8i4.365","url":null,"abstract":"The greatest aim of every educational setup is giving the best educational experience and knowledge to the students. Discovering the students who need extra support and guidance so as to carry out the necessary actions to enhance their performance plays an important role in achieving that aim. In this research work, three machine learning algorithms have been used to build a classifier that can predict the performance of the students in higher institutions considering three Tertiary institutions which are: Federal University Dutsinma, Katsina State, Abdu Gusau Polytechnic Talata Mafara and College of Education Maru, Zamfara State. The machine learning algorithms includ: Support Vector Machine, Linear Regression and Stochastic Gradient descent algorithms. The models have been compared using the Mean Absolute Error, Mean Square Error and Root Mean Square Error classification accuracy. The dataset used to build the models is collected based on a survey given to the students and the students’ grade book. The support vector machine model achieved the best performance that is equal to 99.1%.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122066661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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