In the present time of changing climate, rainfall provides a vital information for effective agricultural and water resource planning and management. This study aimed at analyzing the rainfall characteristics in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Rainfall data of 20 years from 1999-2018 were obtained from the National Water Resource Institute Kaduna for the study. Walter’s 1967 formula was used to calculate the rainfall Onset and Cessation dates while the Seasonality Index was calculated using the Walsh and Lawler’s 1981 method. Results obtained revealed a decrease in trend for rainfall Onset and Cessation, Annual Rainfall amounts and also a negative trend in the Seasonality Index of the study area. While the Length of rainy season shows a positive trend for the reference period. The study suggests in-depth research in areas related to crop-climate relationship, so that variety of crops with optimum yield potentials will be cultivated in the area to feed the increasing population. This will help to avoid the risks of hunger and related food insecurity in the study area.
{"title":"Analysis of Rainfall Characteristics in Kaduna State, Nigeria from 1999 – 2018","authors":"S. Yusuf, A. S. Maiwada, J. K. Aremu","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i3.528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i3.528","url":null,"abstract":"In the present time of changing climate, rainfall provides a vital information for effective agricultural and water resource planning and management. This study aimed at analyzing the rainfall characteristics in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Rainfall data of 20 years from 1999-2018 were obtained from the National Water Resource Institute Kaduna for the study. Walter’s 1967 formula was used to calculate the rainfall Onset and Cessation dates while the Seasonality Index was calculated using the Walsh and Lawler’s 1981 method. Results obtained revealed a decrease in trend for rainfall Onset and Cessation, Annual Rainfall amounts and also a negative trend in the Seasonality Index of the study area. While the Length of rainy season shows a positive trend for the reference period. The study suggests in-depth research in areas related to crop-climate relationship, so that variety of crops with optimum yield potentials will be cultivated in the area to feed the increasing population. This will help to avoid the risks of hunger and related food insecurity in the study area.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139306943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Surajo Umar, Auwalu Muttaka, Abdulwahid Abdullahi Naibi, Musa, A.U., K. Kabir
"Bioethanol, a renewable fuel derived from biomass feedstocks like agricultural residues and forestry waste, holds immense promise for sustainable energy production. Notably, sugar bagasse—a residual lignocellulosic material after sugarcane juice extraction—offers a valuable substrate due to its high sugar content. To harness its potential for bioethanol generation, optimizing parameters, such as temperature, pH, and fermentation duration. This study is geared towards the strategic enhancement of bioethanol synthesis from sugar bagasse, employing the Box Behnken experimental design using Aspergillus flavus as the biocatalyst. Employing rigorous statistical modeling and analysis, the investigation dissects the intricate interplay of temperature, pH, and fermentation duration on the bioethanol production kinetics. The outcomes underscore the optimal operational nexus that attains peak bioethanol yield: a thermal setpoint of 32.6°C, a pH milieu of 5.3, and a fermentation interval spanning 57.9 hours. The discerned synergy of these conditions culminates in an impressive bioethanol yield of 41.6 mg/L, manifesting a remarkable 56.9% escalation relative to the baseline conditions. This inquiry not only imparts nuanced insights into the precision-tuning of bioethanol synthesis from sugar bagasse through Aspergillus flavus but also furnishes a pivotal trajectory for the advancement of sustainable, environmentally conscious biofuel production."
{"title":"Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sugar Bagasse by Aspergillus flavus Using Box Behnken Design","authors":"Muhammad Surajo Umar, Auwalu Muttaka, Abdulwahid Abdullahi Naibi, Musa, A.U., K. Kabir","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i3.525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i3.525","url":null,"abstract":"\"Bioethanol, a renewable fuel derived from biomass feedstocks like agricultural residues and forestry waste, holds immense promise for sustainable energy production. Notably, sugar bagasse—a residual lignocellulosic material after sugarcane juice extraction—offers a valuable substrate due to its high sugar content. To harness its potential for bioethanol generation, optimizing parameters, such as temperature, pH, and fermentation duration. This study is geared towards the strategic enhancement of bioethanol synthesis from sugar bagasse, employing the Box Behnken experimental design using Aspergillus flavus as the biocatalyst. Employing rigorous statistical modeling and analysis, the investigation dissects the intricate interplay of temperature, pH, and fermentation duration on the bioethanol production kinetics. The outcomes underscore the optimal operational nexus that attains peak bioethanol yield: a thermal setpoint of 32.6°C, a pH milieu of 5.3, and a fermentation interval spanning 57.9 hours. The discerned synergy of these conditions culminates in an impressive bioethanol yield of 41.6 mg/L, manifesting a remarkable 56.9% escalation relative to the baseline conditions. This inquiry not only imparts nuanced insights into the precision-tuning of bioethanol synthesis from sugar bagasse through Aspergillus flavus but also furnishes a pivotal trajectory for the advancement of sustainable, environmentally conscious biofuel production.\"","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139307835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vegetation cover is an important natural resource for sustainable development, these resources have been affected by both environmental and human factors. The present study evaluates the impacts of temperature and rainfall variability on vegetation cover in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), mean monthly temperature, total monthly rainfall for 2001, 2011 and 2021 were used and analysed in ArcMap 10.8 environment in this study. The results indicated a consistent relationship between temperature and rainfall with vegetation cover whereby an increase in 1 unit of temperature may lead to the in-vegetation density by about 0.05 unit of vegetation throughout the study period. The result also revealed that a rise of rainfall by 1 unit may consequently resulted to an increase in the density of vegetation by 0.0002, 0.001 and 0.0003 in 2001, 2011 and 2021 respectively. Result further indicated the residual with a negative Moran’s I index throughout the study period this therefore showed a random pattern. It was also revealed from the findings that during 2001, Bauchi State observed more vegetation cover in many areas due to climatic factors than what will be recorded in future. This is more specifically in Ningi, Toro, Ganjuwa and Dass Local Government Areas (LGAs). This clearly indicated that temperature and rainfall variability are important factors that determine the nature of vegetation cover in the area. Hence, due to the importance of vegetation cover in the provision of food, shelter, wildlife habitat, and provision of fuel. This study recommended the integration of geospatial technologies (especially GIS) to assess the contribution of climatic factors to vegetation distribution.
{"title":"GIS-Based Evaluation of the Spatio-Temporal Impacts of Rainfall and Temperature Variability on Vegetation Cover in Bauchi State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Saleh, A. H. Abdullahi","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i3.527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i3.527","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation cover is an important natural resource for sustainable development, these resources have been affected by both environmental and human factors. The present study evaluates the impacts of temperature and rainfall variability on vegetation cover in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), mean monthly temperature, total monthly rainfall for 2001, 2011 and 2021 were used and analysed in ArcMap 10.8 environment in this study. The results indicated a consistent relationship between temperature and rainfall with vegetation cover whereby an increase in 1 unit of temperature may lead to the in-vegetation density by about 0.05 unit of vegetation throughout the study period. The result also revealed that a rise of rainfall by 1 unit may consequently resulted to an increase in the density of vegetation by 0.0002, 0.001 and 0.0003 in 2001, 2011 and 2021 respectively. Result further indicated the residual with a negative Moran’s I index throughout the study period this therefore showed a random pattern. It was also revealed from the findings that during 2001, Bauchi State observed more vegetation cover in many areas due to climatic factors than what will be recorded in future. This is more specifically in Ningi, Toro, Ganjuwa and Dass Local Government Areas (LGAs). This clearly indicated that temperature and rainfall variability are important factors that determine the nature of vegetation cover in the area. Hence, due to the importance of vegetation cover in the provision of food, shelter, wildlife habitat, and provision of fuel. This study recommended the integration of geospatial technologies (especially GIS) to assess the contribution of climatic factors to vegetation distribution.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139308024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manufacturing relies heavily on the physical presence of human resources, and disease outbreaks that force separation, such as: COVID-19, harm output. As a solution to the problem, this paper proposes a new Hybrid Multi-criteria Decision-making (H-MCDM) model based on the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Weighted Geometric (IFWG) operator, the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hamacher Interactive Weighting Averaging (IFHIWA) operator, and the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (IF-TOPSIS) method for the evaluation, management, and prevention planning. In addition to the role that modeling played in solving the cross-infection problem, the results obtained from putting the model through its implementation show that the use of protective materials during manufacturing operations is the most suitable among the finite alternatives considered, when the safety of the workforce/workplace, cost of implementing risk-mitigating actions, virus transmission level, and ease of implementation are all taken into account. Thus, the proposed model has been validated through a feasibility test, so contributes to maintaining production and reducing cross-infections in workplaces while an epidemic is ongoing.
{"title":"Cross-Infection and Risk Prevention in Production Environment: A Multi-criteria Decision-making Approach","authors":"D. O. Aikhuele, Isaac Aigbedion, S. Sorooshian","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i3.523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i3.523","url":null,"abstract":"Manufacturing relies heavily on the physical presence of human resources, and disease outbreaks that force separation, such as: COVID-19, harm output. As a solution to the problem, this paper proposes a new Hybrid Multi-criteria Decision-making (H-MCDM) model based on the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Weighted Geometric (IFWG) operator, the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hamacher Interactive Weighting Averaging (IFHIWA) operator, and the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (IF-TOPSIS) method for the evaluation, management, and prevention planning. In addition to the role that modeling played in solving the cross-infection problem, the results obtained from putting the model through its implementation show that the use of protective materials during manufacturing operations is the most suitable among the finite alternatives considered, when the safety of the workforce/workplace, cost of implementing risk-mitigating actions, virus transmission level, and ease of implementation are all taken into account. Thus, the proposed model has been validated through a feasibility test, so contributes to maintaining production and reducing cross-infections in workplaces while an epidemic is ongoing.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139306565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. Yusuf, C. Muhammad, L. G. Hassan, A. M. Sokoto, A. L. Abubakar, ,. S. M. Ayatullahi
This research aimed at developing a process optimization of biolubricant production that will be environmentally eco-friendly. Greater concern has been focused on the use of solid-base catalysts, such asalcium oxide from limestone, for the transesterification of vegetable oils. Limestone was pretreated and calcined to 900 °C for 5 hours to obtain calcium oxide (CaO). The tropical almond seed oil was extracted from the tropical almond seeds using the soxhlet extraction method with a yield of 53.91%. The biolubricant was produced via double transesterification of tropical almond seed oil with methanol andrimethylolpropane (TMP) under reflux at different reaction conditions. Optimization of process parameters for the transesterification of tropical almond seed oil was determined using a response surface based on Box-Beinkhen design. The optimum yield of the biolubricant, 81.9%, was achieved at a temperature of 150oC, catalyst dose of 0.75 %wt and reaction time of 3 hours, respectively
{"title":"Optimization of Biolubricant from Terminalia catappa (Almond) Seed Oil Using CaO Derived from Limestone as Catalyst","authors":"M. M. Yusuf, C. Muhammad, L. G. Hassan, A. M. Sokoto, A. L. Abubakar, ,. S. M. Ayatullahi","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i3.526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i3.526","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed at developing a process optimization of biolubricant production that will be environmentally eco-friendly. Greater concern has been focused on the use of solid-base catalysts, such asalcium oxide from limestone, for the transesterification of vegetable oils. Limestone was pretreated and calcined to 900 °C for 5 hours to obtain calcium oxide (CaO). The tropical almond seed oil was extracted from the tropical almond seeds using the soxhlet extraction method with a yield of 53.91%. The biolubricant was produced via double transesterification of tropical almond seed oil with methanol andrimethylolpropane (TMP) under reflux at different reaction conditions. Optimization of process parameters for the transesterification of tropical almond seed oil was determined using a response surface based on Box-Beinkhen design. The optimum yield of the biolubricant, 81.9%, was achieved at a temperature of 150oC, catalyst dose of 0.75 %wt and reaction time of 3 hours, respectively","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139309143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twenty-eight (28) Red Sokoto does (RSD) weighing on the average 17.86 kg were assigned to four different diets treatment (1,2,3 and 4). Ginger was added in different levels with treatments 2, 3 and 4 containing 250 g, 500 g and 750 g respectively in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 was the control with 0 g ginger. The animals were fed at 4% body weight. Feed intakes, weight gain and cost implication were measured and recorded. Results showed that Red Sokoto Does (RSD) fed diet containing 0 g and 750 g levels of ginger inclusion had a significantly (P<0.05) higher total feed intake (137.71 kg and 137.70 kg) respectively than other levels. Animals fed (750 g) ginger inclusion level recorded a significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gain (10.78 kg). Feed conversion ratio was best (12.81) in the treatment fed 750 g ginger inclusion level with similar values (P>0.05) across the treatments. Kids from RSD fed 500 g ginger inclusion level recorded a significantly (P<0.05) higher weight at birth, final weight, total weight gain and daily weight gain (2.40 kg, 9.60 kg, 7.20 kg and 120.00 g) respectively. The kids were monitored from kidding to weaning stage (three months after kidding). Feeding diet containing 750 g ginger to pregnant RSD reduced the cost of feeding/kg gain by 31% compared to the control. The study revealed that levels of ginger inclusion improved weight gain of both RSD and their kids and saved feeding cost per kg weight gain of RSD.
{"title":"Evaluation of Different Levels of Ginger as Feed Additives on Growth Performance of Pregnant Red Sokoto Does and their Kids","authors":"U. Ibrahim, S. Abdu, A. Musa","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.460","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-eight (28) Red Sokoto does (RSD) weighing on the average 17.86 kg were assigned to four different diets treatment (1,2,3 and 4). Ginger was added in different levels with treatments 2, 3 and 4 containing 250 g, 500 g and 750 g respectively in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 was the control with 0 g ginger. The animals were fed at 4% body weight. Feed intakes, weight gain and cost implication were measured and recorded. Results showed that Red Sokoto Does (RSD) fed diet containing 0 g and 750 g levels of ginger inclusion had a significantly (P<0.05) higher total feed intake (137.71 kg and 137.70 kg) respectively than other levels. Animals fed (750 g) ginger inclusion level recorded a significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gain (10.78 kg). Feed conversion ratio was best (12.81) in the treatment fed 750 g ginger inclusion level with similar values (P>0.05) across the treatments. Kids from RSD fed 500 g ginger inclusion level recorded a significantly (P<0.05) higher weight at birth, final weight, total weight gain and daily weight gain (2.40 kg, 9.60 kg, 7.20 kg and 120.00 g) respectively. The kids were monitored from kidding to weaning stage (three months after kidding). Feeding diet containing 750 g ginger to pregnant RSD reduced the cost of feeding/kg gain by 31% compared to the control. The study revealed that levels of ginger inclusion improved weight gain of both RSD and their kids and saved feeding cost per kg weight gain of RSD.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133164544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hycienth O. Orapine, Johnson Olaleye Oladele, Ali A. Bai̇du, Nyamtswam Elija Vafa
This paper presents developing and implementing a five-stage implicit Runge-Kutta method of order ten via Gauss-Legendre quadrature for stiff or oscillatory first-order initial value problems (IVPs) of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Using continuous collocation and interpolation techniques, the implicit Runge-Kutta method was developed by combining Legendre polynomials and exponential functions as the basis function. The properties of the method were investigated, and it was shown that it is consistent and A-stable. The new method was evaluated on two sampled problems involving stiffness and oscillation. The numerical results demonstrate that the new implicit Runge-Kutta is computationally efficient and outperforms previous methods of similar derivations.
{"title":"Derivation of Five-Stage Implicit Runge-Kutta Method of Order 10 via Gauss-Legendre Quadrature for Ordinary Differential Equations","authors":"Hycienth O. Orapine, Johnson Olaleye Oladele, Ali A. Bai̇du, Nyamtswam Elija Vafa","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.458","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents developing and implementing a five-stage implicit Runge-Kutta method of order ten via Gauss-Legendre quadrature for stiff or oscillatory first-order initial value problems (IVPs) of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Using continuous collocation and interpolation techniques, the implicit Runge-Kutta method was developed by combining Legendre polynomials and exponential functions as the basis function. The properties of the method were investigated, and it was shown that it is consistent and A-stable. The new method was evaluated on two sampled problems involving stiffness and oscillation. The numerical results demonstrate that the new implicit Runge-Kutta is computationally efficient and outperforms previous methods of similar derivations. ","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114318613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents a novel class (family) of statistical distributions termed Odd Transmuted Rayleigh-X (OTR-X) that was created through a transform-transformer (T-X) approach. The CDF and PDF of the OTR-X family were derived. The available statistical literature studied earlier highlighted that almost all generalized distributions (in which one or more parameters were added) performed well and have better presentation of data than their counterparts with less number of parameters. This has motivated us to developed new family that is capable of producing new distributions. The research paper also presented a clear mathematical formula for several characteristics of the OTR-X family, such as the ordinary moments, moment generating, quantile, and reliability function. In order to find the estimate of the corresponding parameters of the OTR-X family, the technique of maximum likelihood is used in the study. A new sub-model Odd Transmuted Rayleigh Inversed Exponential Distribution (OTRIED) was generated from the OTR-X class and compared its performance to Transmuted Inversed Exponential Distribution (TIED), Exponential Inversed Exponential Distribution (EIED), and Inversed Exponential Distribution using two different datasets. The results have shown that the proposed distribution out performed its competitors when using two different real-world datasets. Furthermore, the proposed distribution can be practicalized to any skewed dataset.
本文提出了一类新的统计分布，称为奇数变换瑞利- x (OTR-X)，它是通过变压器-变压器(T-X)方法创建的。得到了OTR-X家族的CDF和PDF。先前研究的现有统计文献强调，几乎所有广义分布(其中添加了一个或多个参数)都表现良好，并且比具有较少参数的对应分布具有更好的数据表示。这促使我们开发能够产生新发行版的新家族。本文还对OTR-X族的普通矩、矩生成、分位数、可靠性函数等几个特性给出了明确的数学公式。为了找到OTR-X族对应参数的估计，研究中使用了极大似然技术。在OTR-X类的基础上，生成了一个新的奇异变换Rayleigh反指数分布子模型(otry)，并将其与变换反指数分布(TIED)、指数反指数分布(EIED)和反指数分布进行了性能比较。结果表明，当使用两个不同的真实数据集时，所提出的分布优于其竞争对手。此外，所提出的分布可以应用于任何偏斜数据集。
{"title":"The Transform-Transformer Approach: Unveiling the Odd Transmuted Rayleigh-X Family of Distributions","authors":"J. Abdullahi, S. Gulumbe, U. Usman, A. I. Garba","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.462","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a novel class (family) of statistical distributions termed Odd Transmuted Rayleigh-X (OTR-X) that was created through a transform-transformer (T-X) approach. The CDF and PDF of the OTR-X family were derived. The available statistical literature studied earlier highlighted that almost all generalized distributions (in which one or more parameters were added) performed well and have better presentation of data than their counterparts with less number of parameters. This has motivated us to developed new family that is capable of producing new distributions. The research paper also presented a clear mathematical formula for several characteristics of the OTR-X family, such as the ordinary moments, moment generating, quantile, and reliability function. In order to find the estimate of the corresponding parameters of the OTR-X family, the technique of maximum likelihood is used in the study. A new sub-model Odd Transmuted Rayleigh Inversed Exponential Distribution (OTRIED) was generated from the OTR-X class and compared its performance to Transmuted Inversed Exponential Distribution (TIED), Exponential Inversed Exponential Distribution (EIED), and Inversed Exponential Distribution using two different datasets. The results have shown that the proposed distribution out performed its competitors when using two different real-world datasets. Furthermore, the proposed distribution can be practicalized to any skewed dataset.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130528546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.B. Muhammad, M.H. Ibrahim, A. Kado, U. Yusuf, I. Abdulmumini
The rampant proliferation of telecommunication mast in our societies pose fear of radiation and increase the level of noise above the prescribed residential noise. Calculation of power density around ZM811B base station to a distance of 100m radius in step of 5m were made and a hypothetical human model was also used to further illustrate the effect of radiation at the so call safe radiation level adopted by African countries. The calculated power density from the distance of 5m to 50m away from the mast (ZM811B) in step of 5m were found to be within the range of 0.0000004507 to 0.00000004507 and from 50m to 100m in step of 10m were found to be within the range of 0.0000004507 to 0.000000001122 . From the model, human body was found to be kept in a microwave oven for s per day. Nobody will put himself and his family in an open microwave oven for nineteen minutes in a day. The argument remains that the adaptation of the body to external threat and the radiation is spread over whole day. So, the simple question here to ask is would you like to put yourself in an open microwave oven for just five minutes per day, for some years? All the calculated power density were found below the safe radiation level, thus trivial. However, the model show that even at the radiation safe level one is not safe.
{"title":"Modeling and Calculation of Power Density from Telecommunication Base Station Erected at Federal University Gusau in Sabon Gida, Bungudu Local Government Area Zamfara State, Nigeria","authors":"S.B. Muhammad, M.H. Ibrahim, A. Kado, U. Yusuf, I. Abdulmumini","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.455","url":null,"abstract":"The rampant proliferation of telecommunication mast in our societies pose fear of radiation and increase the level of noise above the prescribed residential noise. Calculation of power density around ZM811B base station to a distance of 100m radius in step of 5m were made and a hypothetical human model was also used to further illustrate the effect of radiation at the so call safe radiation level adopted by African countries. The calculated power density from the distance of 5m to 50m away from the mast (ZM811B) in step of 5m were found to be within the range of 0.0000004507 to 0.00000004507 and from 50m to 100m in step of 10m were found to be within the range of 0.0000004507 to 0.000000001122 . From the model, human body was found to be kept in a microwave oven for s per day. Nobody will put himself and his family in an open microwave oven for nineteen minutes in a day. The argument remains that the adaptation of the body to external threat and the radiation is spread over whole day. So, the simple question here to ask is would you like to put yourself in an open microwave oven for just five minutes per day, for some years? All the calculated power density were found below the safe radiation level, thus trivial. However, the model show that even at the radiation safe level one is not safe.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129114809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the natural convection Couette flow in a hydrodynamic viscous fluid that is electrically conductive due to the thermal radiation effect. The governing flow in this study is modelled in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs) in dimensional form with initial and boundary conditions and the Couette fluid model is also be used to characterize the fluid behavior. Then, using suitable non-dimensional quantities, the governing non-linear PDEs are transformed. Since the flow governing equations of the problem under study are extremely complex and complicated, techniques that complement experimental and theoretical fluid dynamics by providing alternative potentially cheaper means of testing fluid flow systems is employed. Therefore, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used after discretization of the PDEs. With Graphs and tables, the effects of embedded thermo physical parameters of engineering interests associated with the flow quantities viz. velocity, temperature, concentration of the fluid were examined through series of numerical experiments and discussed. This research also analyzes and compares the results obtained by Omokhuale and Jabaka (2022b). It is interesting to report that an excellent agreement was established, thereby authenticating and validating the accuracy of FEM as a strong tool. According to the results of this study, the actions of thermal radiation on the thermal and momentum boundary layers for increasing values are significant, also, increasing the magnetic field parameter impedes the fluid movement due to the Lorentz force action.
{"title":"Natural Convection Couette Flow in the Presence of Magnetic Field and Thermal Property","authors":"E. Omokhuale, M. Dange","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.453","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the natural convection Couette flow in a hydrodynamic viscous fluid that is electrically conductive due to the thermal radiation effect. The governing flow in this study is modelled in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs) in dimensional form with initial and boundary conditions and the Couette fluid model is also be used to characterize the fluid behavior. Then, using suitable non-dimensional quantities, the governing non-linear PDEs are transformed. Since the flow governing equations of the problem under study are extremely complex and complicated, techniques that complement experimental and theoretical fluid dynamics by providing alternative potentially cheaper means of testing fluid flow systems is employed. Therefore, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used after discretization of the PDEs. With Graphs and tables, the effects of embedded thermo physical parameters of engineering interests associated with the flow quantities viz. velocity, temperature, concentration of the fluid were examined through series of numerical experiments and discussed. This research also analyzes and compares the results obtained by Omokhuale and Jabaka (2022b). It is interesting to report that an excellent agreement was established, thereby authenticating and validating the accuracy of FEM as a strong tool. According to the results of this study, the actions of thermal radiation on the thermal and momentum boundary layers for increasing values are significant, also, increasing the magnetic field parameter impedes the fluid movement due to the Lorentz force action.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127025414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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