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CRIMINAL-LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES AGAINST LIFE AND HEALTH IN COMMON LAW OF DON COSSACKS 哥萨克普通法中危害生命健康罪的刑事法律特征
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-1-120-126
Небратенко Геннадий Геннадиевич, Безручко Евгений Валерьевич
The article examines the criminal law issues of protecting human life and health as an integral part of the history of criminal law, coupled with theoretical and historical legal sciences. The authors consider the types and content of illegal acts, expressed in causing harm to human life and health, criminalized in the customary law of the Don Cossacks. The use of customs to regulate criminal law relations is a universal practice for early feudal states, such as Ancient Russia, as well as regional - for the Russian Empire. As a result, the authors conclude that historical and legal methodology is widely used in the formation of modern criminal law and that legal reception from foreign legislation is of secondary importance. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that the history of criminal law is currently considered an integral part of the criminal law sciences.
本文将保护人类生命健康的刑法问题作为刑法史的一个组成部分,结合理论和历史法学进行研究。提交人认为,唐哥萨克习惯法将对人类生命和健康造成伤害的非法行为的类型和内容定为刑事犯罪。利用习俗来调节刑法关系是古代俄罗斯等早期封建国家以及俄罗斯帝国的普遍做法。因此,作者得出结论,历史和法律方法论在现代刑法的形成中被广泛使用,而外国立法的法律接受是次要的。与此同时,人们注意到,刑法史目前被认为是刑法科学的一个组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
LEGAL REGULATION OF NON-PROPERTY RELATIONS OF SPOUSES IN THE FAMILY 家庭配偶非财产关系的法律规制
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-1-87-93
Зубарева Ольга Григорьевна
The article analyzes the uniqueness of the institution of the family and the reasons for its destruction. A number of patterns are indicated that allow us to talk about the historical mission of the family. It is concluded that it is necessary to reform certain provisions of the Family Code and, taking into account the priorities of the state family policy, to reassess existing ideas about the possibility of legal regulation of non-property relations of spouses in the family. Despite the "revolutionary" nature of some proposals, the article aims to invite discussion.
本文分析了家庭制度的独特性及其破坏的原因。指出了一些模式,使我们能够谈论家庭的历史使命。结论是,有必要改革《家庭法》的某些条款,并考虑到国家家庭政策的优先事项,重新评估关于对家庭中配偶非财产关系进行法律监管的可能性的现有想法。尽管有些建议具有“革命性”性质,但这篇文章旨在引起讨论。
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引用次数: 0
GENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION IN THE PRE-SOVIET PERIOD 前疫情时期我国环境立法的产生与发展
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-1-68-74
Щитова Наталья Владимировна
The article examines the key features of the environmental legislation of Ancient Russia, the Moscow state and the Russian Empire, examines the transformation of the target orientation of this process, analyzes the key positive and negative aspects characteristic of the domestic system of environmental regulation at various historical stages of its development.
本文考察了古俄罗斯、莫斯科州和俄罗斯帝国环境立法的主要特征,考察了这一过程目标取向的转变,分析了国内环境监管体系在其发展的各个历史阶段的主要积极和消极方面的特点。
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引用次数: 0
METAVERSE AS A FACTOR OF TRANSFORMATION OF LEGAL REGULATION 元宇宙:法律规制转型的一个因素
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-1-56-61
Федоренко Святослав Петрович
The article discusses modern digital technologies that affect the main spheres of life of the state and society. Special attention is paid to the processes of metaverse formation. The problems of legal regulation of public relations in the meta-industry in the context of the functioning of key legal institutions are analyzed. The current trends in the development of digital technologies and their impact on state control and legal regulation are indicated. The problem of the transborder nature of the metaverse in the context of the jurisdiction of states is considered. The experience of advanced states in this process is shown through the use of ethics and legal norms in the virtual space. The main problems of legal regulation of the metaverse are analyzed and measures are proposed to minimize threats, risks and challenges associated with the digitalization of public relations.
文章讨论了影响国家和社会主要生活领域的现代数字技术。特别关注元宇宙的形成过程。分析了在关键法律机构运作的背景下,元产业公共关系的法律规制问题。指出了数字技术发展的当前趋势及其对国家控制和法律监管的影响。在国家管辖权的背景下,考虑了元宇宙的跨界性质问题。先进国家在这一过程中的经验通过在虚拟空间中使用伦理和法律规范来展示。分析了元宇宙法律监管的主要问题,并提出了将公共关系数字化带来的威胁、风险和挑战降至最低的措施。
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引用次数: 0
IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL CASES OF CRIMES PROVIDED FOR IN ARTICLES 174, 174.1 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 改进俄罗斯联邦刑法第174条和第174.1条规定的刑事案件调查方法
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-1-136-140
Лазаренко Ольга Николаевна, Лаврова Оксана Николаевна
The fight against economic and corruption crimes committed in the financial and credit sphere, as well as crimes related to the legalization of proceeds from crime, is a systemic problem that the state and society must solve together. Law enforcement agencies have at their disposal a sufficient arsenal of criminal law and criminal procedure measures to combat crimes provided for in articles 174 and 174.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). At the same time, due to the relatively short period of existence in the criminal law of the Russian Federation of the elements of crimes related to the legalization (laundering) of criminal proceeds, repeated significant changes in the relevant legal norms, as well as the high latency of these crimes, extensive law enforcement practice of preliminary investigation of relevant criminal cases has not yet been developed. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze and generalize typical ways of committing crimes of this category, as well as to look for and use in practice new ways to resolve problematic issues. The article will help practitioners in the investigation of criminal cases of this category.
打击金融信贷领域的经济犯罪和腐败犯罪,以及与犯罪收益合法化有关的犯罪,是国家和社会必须共同解决的系统性问题。执法机构拥有足够的刑法和刑事诉讼措施库,以打击《俄罗斯联邦刑法典》(以下简称《俄罗斯联邦刑法典》)第174条和第174.1条所规定的罪行。同时,由于与犯罪收益合法化(洗钱)有关的犯罪要件在俄罗斯联邦刑法中存在的时间较短,相关法律规范多次发生重大变化,以及此类犯罪具有较高的潜伏期,尚未开展广泛的相关刑事案件预审执法实践。因此,有必要对这类犯罪的典型实施方式进行分析和归纳,并在实践中寻找和运用新的方式来解决问题。本文将对从业人员在侦查这类刑事案件中有所帮助。
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引用次数: 0
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SIGN OF LABOR RELATIONS IN THE FIELD OF ENSURING THE LIFE OF THE POPULATION 社会基础设施作为劳动关系领域保障人口生活的标志
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-1-154-160
Пятков Кирилл Викторович
Within the framework of this article, the author analyzes the term "social infrastructure", as well as the procedure for its application in modern Russian legislation, the author also examines the content of this term in various areas of jurisprudence, in order to develop common approaches to determining the signs of labor activity in the field of ensuring the life of the population.
在本文的框架内,作者分析了“社会基础设施”一词,以及它在现代俄罗斯立法中的应用程序,作者还研究了该术语在各个法学领域的内容,以制定在确保人口生活领域确定劳动活动迹象的共同方法。
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引用次数: 0
COMPETITION BETWEEN EUROPEAN AND UK JURISDICTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF BREXIT 英国脱欧背景下欧洲和英国司法管辖区的竞争
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-1-109-119
Барциц Валерия Игоревна
One of the features of the modern model of interaction between legal systems is the competition between national jurisdictions. The states use different methods to improve the efficiency of their courts in order to make their jurisdictions more attractive. The competition between jurisdictions is actively influenced by political processes. A striking example of the impact of politics on jurisdictional issues is Brexit. This article aims to consider the topical issues caused by the UK's exit from the single legal space of the EU in terms of the functioning of the civil justice system, the consequences of these processes for the mechanisms of choice of jurisdiction. Using the comparative legal method, this article explores the consequences of Brexit for Russian companies and Russia’s jurisdiction, including in connection with: a) the continuing practice of dispute resolution between Russian companies or Russian businessmen in London; b) the new conditions of competition between British and European, especially French, courts for attraction to their jurisdictions; c) the need for dispute resolution on a number of pressing issues, including those caused by the complicated geopolitical situation. The materials used include UK and European legal literature, the reports of the Council of the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice and expert opinions of Russian and European lawyers. The conclusions include practical recommendations on how to improve the competitiveness of Russia’s jurisdiction and protect Russia's interests in the legal sphere. This article highlights the need to develop cooperation between the Russian court system and courts of the EAEU and EAEU countries, to create a system of economic dispute resolution courts, which would foster the transfer of important civil cases to the Russian jurisdiction or the jurisdiction of the EAEU.
现代法律制度之间互动模式的特点之一是国家管辖权之间的竞争。各州使用不同的方法来提高法院的效率,以使其管辖权更具吸引力。司法管辖区之间的竞争受到政治进程的积极影响。英国脱欧是政治对管辖权问题影响的一个突出例子。本文旨在从民事司法系统的运作角度考虑英国退出欧盟单一法律空间所引起的热点问题,以及这些程序对管辖权选择机制的影响。本文采用比较法律方法探讨了英国脱欧对俄罗斯公司和俄罗斯管辖权的影响,包括:a)俄罗斯公司或俄罗斯商人在伦敦持续解决争端的做法;b) 英国和欧洲,特别是法国法院之间为吸引其管辖权而竞争的新条件;c) 在一些紧迫问题上解决争端的必要性,包括复杂的地缘政治局势造成的问题。使用的材料包括英国和欧洲的法律文献、欧洲司法效率委员会理事会的报告以及俄罗斯和欧洲律师的专家意见。结论包括关于如何提高俄罗斯司法管辖权的竞争力和保护俄罗斯在法律领域的利益的实际建议。这篇文章强调了俄罗斯法院系统与EAEU和EAEU国家法院之间发展合作的必要性,以建立一个经济争端解决法院系统,这将促进将重要民事案件移交给俄罗斯管辖区或EAEU管辖区。
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引用次数: 0
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE PRACTICE OF LICENSING THE EXTRACTION OF ENERGY RESOURCES OF THE ARCTIC REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 俄罗斯联邦北极地区能源开采许可实践的法律分析
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-1-81-86
Юсуфова Дарья Борисовна
The relevance of the presented article will be confirmed by the fact that the extractive sector today occupies an increasingly dominant position for the domestic economy, especially after the adoption by the Russian Federation of the "Strategy for Sustainable Development until 2035". Nevertheless, the management of extractive resources has always been a serious problem for many countries of the world. The article outlines the fundamental principles, policy options and best practices that form the basis of the proposed practice of licensing the extraction of energy resources of the Arctic region of Russia. This analysis should be considered as a starting point, recognizing that the development of a reliable license for sustainable development activities depends on an open and comprehensive approach to filling out its regulatory content. Russia, as a key player in the energy market, is interested in maintaining and increasing the production of hydrocarbons, so the further exploitation of Arctic energy resources is an urgent problem. However, the implementation of oil and gas projects in the Arctic is characterized by a poor impact on the natural environment, which leads to a violation of the ecological balance in the Arctic and affects the stability of its ecosystem, which is one of the most vulnerable ecosystems on the planet. The main purpose of this study is to understand how the implementation of oil and gas projects in the Arctic through the licensing system affects the ecosystem, assess the significance of this process and find out what the state and business could do for its successful implementation.
今天,采掘业在国内经济中占据越来越主导的地位,特别是在俄罗斯联邦通过“2035年前可持续发展战略”之后,这一事实将证实本文的相关性。然而,对世界上许多国家来说,采掘资源的管理一直是一个严重的问题。文章概述了基本原则、政策选择和最佳做法,这些原则、政策选项和最佳做法构成了俄罗斯北极地区能源资源开采许可证拟议做法的基础。这一分析应被视为一个起点,认识到可持续发展活动的可靠许可证的制定取决于填写其监管内容的公开和全面的方法。俄罗斯作为能源市场的关键参与者,有兴趣维持和增加碳氢化合物的产量,因此进一步开发北极能源资源是一个紧迫的问题。然而,在北极实施石油和天然气项目的特点是对自然环境的影响很差,这导致了北极生态平衡的破坏,并影响了其生态系统的稳定,而生态系统是地球上最脆弱的生态系统之一。本研究的主要目的是了解通过许可证制度在北极实施石油和天然气项目如何影响生态系统,评估这一过程的重要性,并了解国家和企业可以为其成功实施做些什么。
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引用次数: 0
ON THE CONCEPT OF "ECONOMIC ACTIVITY" IN PRIVATE LAW 论私法中的经济活动概念
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-1-102-108
Шапсугова Мариетта Дамировна
In connection with the change in the nomenclature of scientific specialties, the term "economic activity", which was used mainly in the field of public law, is firmly in use in the field of private law sciences. In the article, in relation to related categories, the concept of "economic activity" is analyzed in the private legal aspect, the classification of types of economic activity, its main forms is given. The practical significance of understanding the content of the concept of "economic activity" is to determine its legal regime, the legal status of subjects, the distinction between the subject of civil and arbitration procedural legislation.
关于科学专业名称的变化,主要在公法领域使用的“经济活动”一词在私法领域得到了坚定的使用。本文从私法的角度对“经济活动”的概念进行了分析,并就经济活动的类型及其主要形式进行了分类。理解“经济活动”概念内容的现实意义在于确定其法律制度、主体的法律地位、民事主体与仲裁程序立法的区别。
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引用次数: 0
СRIMINAL REPETITION: DENIAL OF DENIAL С刑事重复:否认否认
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-1-127-135
Куликов Олег Владимирович
The article is devoted to the institution of repeated crimes, traditional for Russian criminal law, effective, but excluded at one time from the criminal law. For a certain time, criminal repetition existed only as a scientific category. In the General part of the Criminal law, only certain signs of repetition are mentioned, but there is no definition of it, as well as legal regulation. The need to strengthen counter-action by criminal legal means to certain types of crimes contributed to the beginning of the process of returning norms with a sign of repetition to a Special part of the Criminal Code of Russia. The tendency to expand and increase the number of such norms in the future will require the development of appropriate general provisions. The causal conditionality of the full-fledged return of the institution of repetition to the criminal law is revealed, a possible solution to this issue is proposed.
重犯制度是俄罗斯刑法的传统制度,具有法律效力,但曾一度被排除在刑法之外。在一段时间内,重复犯罪只是作为一个科学范畴而存在。在刑法总论部分,只提到了一些重复的标志,但没有对重复的定义,也没有法律规定。需要通过刑事法律手段加强对某些类型的犯罪的反击,这有助于开始恢复规范的进程,并有迹象表明俄罗斯刑法的一个特别部分得到了重复。今后扩大和增加这种准则数目的趋势将要求制订适当的一般性规定。揭示了刑律中重审制度全面回归的因果条件,并提出了解决这一问题的可能办法。
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引用次数: 1
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SeveroKavkazskii iuridicheskii vestnik
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