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THE LACK OF DIALOGUE BETWEEN EMPEROR NICHOLAS II ANDTHE RUSSIAN SOCIETY TO BE THE REASON FOR THE COLLAPSE OF THE MONARCHY IN FEBRUARY 1917 尼古拉二世皇帝与俄罗斯社会之间缺乏对话是1917年2月君主制崩溃的原因
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-2-32-41
Данилов Андрей Геннадьевич
Debates about the role of Nicholas II in the Russian history bring about an issue of whether the Emperor facilitated or retarded the development of Russia. Emigrants and Soviet historians contemporary with the February Revolution had a prevailing opinion that it was the Emperor's refusal to cooperate with the society and attempts to solve vital problems resorting to “reforms from above” that led to “revolutions from beneath. In the recent years, a number of authors have written that both on the initiative and under the leadership of Nicholas II, modernization of all spheres of the society kept a rapid pace. It was not the Tsar who hindered the development of the country but the society represented by the State Duma and the State Council (too slow to consider the Emperor’s bills).Besides, external and internal cataclysms (wars and revolutions) hindered the transformational activity of Nicholas II and the country's progress. The purpose of the article is to analyze the attitude of Nicholas II to the idea of transferring some of his powers to society, namely, the State Duma.
关于尼古拉二世在俄罗斯历史上的作用的争论引发了一个问题,即皇帝是促进还是阻碍了俄罗斯的发展。与二月革命同时代的移民和苏联历史学家普遍认为,正是皇帝拒绝与社会合作,并试图通过“自上而下的改革”来解决重大问题,才导致了“来自下层的革命。近年来,许多作者写道,在尼古拉二世的倡议和领导下,社会各领域的现代化都保持着快速的步伐。阻碍国家发展的不是沙皇,而是以国家杜马和国务委员会为代表的社会(太慢了,无法考虑皇帝的法案)此外,外部和内部的灾难(战争和革命)阻碍了尼古拉二世的转型活动和国家的进步。本文的目的是分析尼古拉二世对将其部分权力移交给社会,即国家杜马的想法的态度。
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引用次数: 0
PECULIARITIES OF INDIVIDUAL LABOR DISPUTES CONSIDERED BY THE COURTS, AND THE DISTRIBUTION IN THEM OF THE OBLIGATION TO PROVE 法院审理的个别劳动争议的特点及其举证义务的分配
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-2-127-134
Драчук Мария Александровна
Within the framework of this article, the author analyzes the existing features of individual labor disputes considered by the courts, as well as scientific discussion regarding such features. Also, within the framework of this issue, the specifics of the distribution of the burden of proof are investigated when courts consider certain categories of employee and employer claims.
在本文的框架内,作者分析了法院审理的个人劳动争议的现有特征,并对这些特征进行了科学的探讨。此外,在这个问题的框架内,当法院审议某些类别的雇员和雇主索赔时,调查举证责任分配的具体情况。
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引用次数: 0
PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IN THE ARBITRATION PROCESS 在仲裁过程中实施电子法律程序的问题
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-2-75-79
Курочкин Пантелеймон Андреевич, Радачинский Юрий Николаевич
To date, this topic is relevant, since in the age of information technology there are real prospects for improving arbitration justice through the introduction of electronic court proceedings. The purpose of this article is to identify the problems that have arisen in the process of implementing electronic legal proceedings in the arbitration process.
到目前为止,这一主题是相关的,因为在信息技术时代,通过引入电子法庭程序,确实有改善仲裁司法的前景。本文的目的是找出在仲裁过程中实施电子法律程序过程中出现的问题。
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引用次数: 0
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE LEGAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE CHECHEN LANGUAGE: THE ESSENCE AND GLOTTOGONY 车臣语法律术语简评:本质与语汇
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-2-48-52
Хабаев Ибрагим Дагаевич
The article is devoted to a brief analysis of the legal terminology of the Chechen language, its glottogony and content. Objectively, it so happened that over the past few centuries of their history, the Chechens have been in permanent wars, defending both their national interests and the interests of neighboring Caucasian peoples, states, as well as the great empires in which they were part. Therefore, it is quite natural that the Chechens' long-term trade, economic, political, legal, social, spiritual, cultural and military contacts with the Arab Caliphate, the Persian, Ottoman and Russian Empires had a significant impact on their legal terminology. One of the results of their co-existence was the formation of a completely new legal terminology, the national basis of which was supplemented by terms borrowed by Chechens from Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Latin and Slavic (Romance-Germanic) language. The author of this study, based on direct and indirect (indirect) sources of the state-legal life of the Chechen people, presented a general description of the legal terminology formed at the present stage of the state-legal and historical development of the Chechens.
本文简要分析了车臣语的法律术语、语汇和内容。客观地说,在过去几个世纪的历史中,车臣人一直在进行永久性的战争,捍卫他们的国家利益和邻近高加索民族、国家以及他们所属的大帝国的利益。因此,很自然,车臣人与阿拉伯哈里发、波斯、奥斯曼和俄罗斯帝国的长期贸易、经济、政治、法律、社会、精神、文化和军事接触对他们的法律术语产生了重大影响。它们共存的结果之一是形成了一个全新的法律术语,车臣人从阿拉伯语、波斯语、土耳其语、拉丁语和斯拉夫语(罗马-日耳曼语)借用的术语补充了该术语的国家基础。本研究的作者基于车臣人民国家法律生活的直接和间接(间接)来源,对车臣人在国家法律和历史发展的现阶段形成的法律术语进行了概述。
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引用次数: 0
ON THE USE OF THE TERMS "FORM" AND "METHOD" AS CATEGORIES OF LEGAL REGULATION IN BUSINESS LEGISLATION 论商业立法中“形式”与“方法”作为法律规制范畴的使用
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-2-103-109
Тихонов Владимир Владимирович
The article raises the question of the lack of terminological unification in the legislation that regulates business relations. Using the example of the form and method, the author demonstrates some legislative decisions concerning the use of these terms as a verbal expression and the consolidation of certain permissive regimes (mandatory requirements) addressed to entrepreneurs. At the same time, the position on the use of the term "form" in relation to the name of a specific permissive regime (mandatory requirement) applied to individual business entities is substantiated.
本文提出了在规范商业关系的立法中缺乏术语统一的问题。作者以形式和方法为例,说明了一些关于使用这些术语作为口头表达和巩固针对企业家的某些许可制度(强制性要求)的立法决定。与此同时,就适用于个别商业实体的特定许可制度(强制性要求)的名称使用“形式”一词的立场得到证实。
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引用次数: 0
RESOURCES OF NEOTRADITIONALISM IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL PROCESSES IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC 新传统主义在吉尔吉斯共和国宪法和法律程序中的资源
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-2-60-67
Хопёрская Лариса Львовна
The article substantiates the thesis that the classical constitutional and legal analysis does not allow to satisfactorily explain the legal and political processes taking place in the post-Soviet period in the Kyrgyz Republic. Their comprehension is carried out within the framework of the political-anthropological approach. The review of numerous editions of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic shows the formation of a conceptual and regulatory framework for neotraditionalization, within which national traditions are considered as the basis for the development of the state. The process of institutionalization of relations built on the principles of traditional values through the inclusion of the People's Kurultai and kurultais of local communities in the political system of the Kyrgyz Republic is characterized. The conclusion is substantiated that in the presence of a tendency to introduce a pro-Western model of democratization, attempts to maintain a pro-Russian orientation, there is a strengthening of the ideology and practice of neotraditionalism. This suggests that further constitutional and legal processes in the Kyrgyz Republic will develop along their own trajectory.
本文证实了经典的宪法和法律分析不能令人满意地解释后苏联时期吉尔吉斯共和国的法律和政治进程的论点。他们的理解是在政治人类学方法的框架内进行的。对众多版本的吉尔吉斯共和国宪法的回顾表明,新传统化形成了一个概念和监管框架,在这个框架内,民族传统被视为国家发展的基础。在传统价值原则的基础上,通过将人民库鲁勒泰人和地方社区的库鲁勒泰人纳入吉尔吉斯共和国的政治制度,使关系制度化。结论证明,在引入亲西方的民主化模式、试图维持亲俄倾向的趋势下,新传统主义的意识形态和实践正在加强。这表明吉尔吉斯共和国的进一步宪法和法律进程将沿着自己的轨迹发展。
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引用次数: 0
GAPS AND CONTRADICTIONS IN THE LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF THE DIGITAL RUBLE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 俄罗斯联邦数字卢布立法监管的空白与矛盾
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-2-119-126
Стыценко Роман Андреевич
The launch of the digital ruble by the Bank of Russia is a distant prospect or a new reality, time will tell. The first priority for the implementation of the project is the creation of a regulatory frame-work. The article analyzes the proposed bills regulating the introduction of the digital ruble into circulation, focuses on the existing individual shortcomings. The author draws attention to the current problem of understanding non-cash money in general, which is not resolved, and with the advent of a new form of the ruble, it only gets worse. The legal nature of the planned introduction of the digital ruble is ambiguous and uncertain, as well as the purpose of justifying its implementation. The author made suggestions regarding possible options for the legal regulation of the digital ruble and the corresponding conclusions.
俄罗斯央行(Bank of Russia)推出数字卢布是一个遥远的前景,还是一个新的现实,时间将证明一切。执行该项目的首要优先事项是建立一个管理框架。本文分析了拟议的规范数字卢布进入流通的法案,重点分析了存在的个别不足。作者提请注意当前理解一般非现金货币的问题,这一问题尚未解决,随着新形式卢布的出现,情况只会变得更糟。计划引入数字卢布的法律性质是模糊和不确定的,以及证明其实施的目的。作者就数字卢布法律规制的可能选择提出了建议,并得出了相应的结论。
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引用次数: 0
REVIEW OF "SELECTED WORKS" BY DOCTOR OF HISTORICAL SCIENCES, PROFESSOR V.D. DZIDZOEV IN FOUR VOLUMES. FEDERAL STATE BUDGETARY INSTITUTION OF SCIENCE FEDERAL SCIENTIFIC CENTER "VLADIKAVKAZ SCIENTIFIC CENTER OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES". VLADIKAVKAZ. 2022. VOL. 1. 675 P.; VOL. 2. 597 P.; VOL. 3. 567 P.; VOL. 4. 663 P. 历史科学博士,V.D. Dzidzoev 教授的《作品选》(四卷本)评论。联邦国家科学预算机构联邦科学中心 "俄罗斯科学院弗拉季卡夫卡兹科学中心"。弗拉季卡夫卡兹。2022.VOL.675 P.; VOL.597 P.; VOL.3.567 P.; VOL.4.663 P.
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-2-163-166
Мсоева Фатима Борисовна, Гогаева Альбина Леонидовна
The works of a well-known domestic specialist, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor V. D. Dzidzoev, who is three times a VAK professor in three specialties: national history, political science, theory of state and law, are analyzed. The "Selected Works" includes the most valuable scientific works, which have not lost their relevance even today. The compilers included not only highly interesting works on various aspects of Russian history, political science, the theory of state and law. The four-volume book under review includes an interweaving of historical, political science and legal concepts in relation to the post-Soviet period. An assessment is given to the scientist who in previous years formulated in various scientific studies the author's definitions (definitions) of such important concepts as interethnic conflict, interethnic war, indigenous people, etc.
本文分析了国内知名专家、历史学博士、三届VAK国史、政治学、国家理论和法学三个专业教授V. D. Dzidzoev教授的著作。《选集》收录了最有价值的科学著作,即使在今天也没有失去其相关性。编纂者不仅收录了俄罗斯历史、政治科学、国家理论和法律等各个方面非常有趣的作品。正在审查的四卷书包括与后苏联时期有关的历史,政治学和法律概念的交织。对前几年在各种科学研究中提出作者对种族间冲突、种族间战争、土著人民等重要概念的定义的科学家进行了评价。
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引用次数: 0
GENERAL THEORETICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL-LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE RETROACTIVE EFFECT OF THE LAW 一般理论和宪法法律方面的溯及力法律
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-2-53-59
Баранов Павел Петрович
The article is devoted to the consideration of the phenomenon of the retroactive effect of the law in the context of a more general problem - the effect of the law in time. Actively using the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the norms of sectoral legislation, the author offers the most general conceptual approaches to understanding the retroactive effect of the law. According to the author, the most relevant area of application of the retroactive force of the law is the sphere of interaction between the citizen and the state. The author also concludes that there is a need for detailed legislative regulation of the relevant sphere of relations, due to the particular importance of this problem in the context of building a rule of law state, the stability of the legal system of which provides the necessary level of citizens' confidence in the state as a whole.
本文致力于在一个更普遍的问题——法律在时间上的效力——的背景下考虑法律的溯及力现象。作者积极利用俄罗斯联邦宪法法院的法律立场和部门立法的规范,提供了理解法律溯及既往效力的最一般的概念性方法。笔者认为,法律溯及力最相关的适用领域是公民与国家之间的互动领域。作者还得出结论,有必要对相关领域的关系进行详细的立法规定,因为这一问题在建设法治国家的背景下特别重要,法治国家的法律体系的稳定性提供了公民对整个国家的必要信心。
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引用次数: 0
FEATURES OF THE LEGAL REGIME OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS ON THE INTERNET, WORKING UNDER A FREE LICENSE GPL 互联网上计算机程序的法律制度的特点,在免费许可GPL下工作
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-2-110-118
Головин Кирилл Сергеевич
This article examines the legal regime of computer programs on the Internet, in particular those operating under the General Public License (GPL). The article analyzes the definition of GPL, its main characteristics and its compatibility with Russian legislation. It also discusses the concept of "copyleft" and how it affects the distribution and modification of GPL-licensed software. In addition, the paper discusses adaptation and its relation to modification under the GPL. The study provides important insights into the legal aspects of the distribution of GPL-covered software on the Internet and their impact on the software industry.
本文探讨了互联网上计算机程序的法律制度,特别是那些在通用公共许可证(GPL)下运行的程序。本文分析了GPL的定义、主要特点及其与俄罗斯立法的兼容性。它还讨论了“copyleft”的概念,以及它如何影响GPL许可软件的分发和修改。此外,本文还讨论了GPL下的适应及其与修改的关系。这项研究为GPL覆盖的软件在互联网上的分销及其对软件行业的影响提供了重要的法律见解。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
SeveroKavkazskii iuridicheskii vestnik
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