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SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES ARE THE BASIS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE AND LAW 精神和道德价值是俄罗斯国家和法律的基础
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2023-1-1-7-13
Апостолова Наталья Николаевна
The article analyzes the importance and significance of the revival of the spiritual and moral foundations of Russia and suggests ways to strengthen them. Moral degradation of a person leads to his intellectual degradation. The moral code of a citizen of Russia should be the quintessence of the national spirit (idea) of the entire multinational and multiconfessional Russian people and be attractive to the peoples of other countries. Disregard for moral rules and their violation should be regarded as opposing oneself to the people, society and the state. A high level of human consciousness should determine his existence even in the digital age. Through the observance of the moral law, first of all, by state officials, the right will have the opportunity to truly become the art of goodness and justice. Compliance with spiritual and moral values is of particular importance for judges and officials of criminal justice bodies engaged in the fight against the most dangerous evil and injustice.
文章分析了复兴俄罗斯精神道德基础的重要性和意义,并提出了加强俄罗斯精神道德基础的途径。一个人道德上的堕落会导致他智力上的堕落。俄罗斯公民的道德准则应该是整个多民族和多宗教的俄罗斯人民的民族精神(理念)的精华,并对其他国家的人民具有吸引力。无视和违反道德规范,就是与人民、社会和国家对立。即使在数字时代,高度的人类意识也应该决定他的存在。首先,通过国家官员对道德法则的遵守,权利才有机会真正成为善与正义的艺术。遵守精神和道德价值观对从事与最危险的邪恶和不公正作斗争的刑事司法机构的法官和官员特别重要。
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引用次数: 0
ON THE NATURE OF INCOME OF THE SUBJECT OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 论经济活动主体收入的性质
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2022-1-4-110-116
The article analyzes the development of understanding of the economic activities of individuals in economic and legal teachings. Particular emphasis is placed on the study of theories of entrepreneurship as a type of economic activity. The criteria defining individual and collective forms of entrepreneurship are highlighted. Factors affecting the understanding of the nature of the income of the subject of economic activity have been identified.
本文分析了经济法学教学中对个人经济活动认识的发展。特别强调的是作为一种经济活动的创业理论的研究。强调了界定个人和集体创业形式的标准。对影响经济活动主体收入性质的认识因素已经确定。
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引用次数: 0
FOREST PLOTS AS OBJECTS OF CIVIL LAW: SPECIFICS OF LEGAL REGULATION 作为民法客体的森林地块:法律规制的具体内容
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2022-1-4-100-109
Хейгетова Светлана Егоровна
Forest resources occupy an important place in the development of the economy of the Russian state. At the same time, the forest is a complex ecosystem. This fact required the creation of an effective mechanism for the legal regulation of civil turnover and protection of forest plantations. This article discusses the issues of the legal status of forest plots in the legislation of Russia. The specific features of forest plots as objects of law in general and objects of civil law in particular are highlighted. A comparative analysis of forest and land plots as objects of real estate is given. The problems of economic turnover of forest plots and forest plantations are investigated. The problems of the practice of applying the current legislation are analyzed.
森林资源在俄罗斯国家经济发展中占有重要地位。同时,森林是一个复杂的生态系统。这一事实要求建立一种有效的机制,对民事流转和森林种植园的保护进行法律管制。本文探讨了俄罗斯立法中关于林地法律地位的问题。强调了森林地块作为一般法律客体,特别是民法客体的具体特征。对作为房地产客体的森林和地块进行了比较分析。研究了林地和人工林的经济周转问题。分析了现行立法在实践中存在的问题。
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引用次数: 0
ON THE ISSUE OF TERMINOLOGICAL CERTAINTY OF THE CONCEPT OF "LEGAL EXPERTISE" IN RUSSIAN LEGISLATION 论俄罗斯立法中法律专门知识概念的术语确定性问题
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2022-1-4-21-28
Шатковская Татьяна Владимировна
The article is aimed at overcoming the terminological uncertainty of the concept of "legal expertise" in Russian legislation. Based on the analysis of the current federal and regional legislation, the works of domestic lawyers, the author concludes that they lack clear grounds for identifying signs of legal expertise and distinguishing it from other types of expertise. During the study, the author’s definition of the concept of “legal expertise” is substantiated, a classification of expertise enshrined in legislation is given, legal and legal expertise is distinguished, and the relationship between legal expertise and other types of expertise is established.
本文旨在克服俄罗斯立法中“法律专门知识”概念在术语上的不确定性。根据对现行联邦和地区立法以及国内律师的工作的分析,作者得出结论,他们缺乏明确的理由来识别法律专业知识的迹象,并将其与其他类型的专业知识区分开来。在研究过程中,作者对“法律专业知识”概念的定义得到了证实,对立法中规定的专业知识进行了分类,区分了法律和法律专业知识,并确立了法律专业知识与其他类型专业知识之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FORMALIZATION OF POST-SOVIET POLITICAL SYSTEMS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 战后政治制度的宪法与法律形式化:比较分析
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2022-1-4-73-86
Алексеев Роман Андреевич, Абрамов Андрей Вячеславович
The article describes the formation and functioning of post-Soviet political systems in the light of the constitutional transformations taking place in them, which influenced their choice of the form of public administration and its subsequent transformation. Comparing the powers of the highest state bodies in the states under consideration, the authors came to the conclusion that Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan are presidential republics, while Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Belarus, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan are super-presidential republics with a wide range of powers of the head of state. Armenia and Georgia have chosen a parliamentary form of government, while Moldova and Ukraine are balancing between a parliamentary-presidential model, which is why the political systems of these states are quite unstable, the change of power in which often occurs unconstitutionally.
本文描述了后苏联政治制度的形成和运作,并从这些国家发生的宪法变革的角度来分析,这些变革影响了它们对公共行政形式的选择及其随后的转型。通过对各国最高国家权力的比较,得出吉尔吉斯斯坦和哈萨克斯坦为总统制共和国,土库曼斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、白俄罗斯、阿塞拜疆和乌兹别克斯坦为超级总统制共和国,国家元首的权力范围广泛。亚美尼亚和格鲁吉亚选择了议会形式的政府,而摩尔多瓦和乌克兰则在议会-总统模式之间保持平衡,这就是为什么这些国家的政治制度相当不稳定,权力的变化经常发生在违宪的情况下。
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引用次数: 0
THE STATE OF ENFORCEMENT OF REGULATORY REGULATION OF THE TOURISM SECTOR OF THE CITY OF SEVASTOPOL 塞瓦斯托波尔市旅游部门的法规执行情况
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2022-1-4-87-94
Васильев Станислав Александрович
The relevance of this study is to maintain the attractiveness of individual tourist destinations, despite the imposed foreign economic restrictions (sanctions) and the difficult logistical situation due to the conduct of a special military operation on the territory of Ukraine. In order to develop tourism against the background of the closure of a large number of foreign destinations for Russians, it is necessary not only to create a high-quality regulatory framework, but also to organize its effective implementation. The purpose of this work was to conduct a study of the application of the provisions of the legislative act of the city of Sevastopol, which regulates the implementation of tourist activities in order to identify certain pathogenic practices. The method of analysis was used as materials and methods, parsing the law into separate norms, followed by an assessment of the practice of implementing the most significant ones. The comparative legal method was used, both in relation to acts that have become invalid, and from the standpoint of comparing regional legislation and subordinate regulatory regulation. In addition, the method of expert assessments and deduction was used. As a result, some inconsistencies were identified in terms of the development of the provisions of the legislation in the acts of the executive authorities, which should be eliminated. In addition, certain areas of activity have been identified that have been qualitatively regulated, but have not been properly implemented. Conclusion. Law enforcement monitoring seems to be one of the most important functions of the authorities at the level of the subject of the federation, because allows you to look at the implementation of legal norms in a different way: not from the position of “everything somehow works and gives some kind of result”, but in the spirit of a true legal state, proclaimed in Art. 1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
这项研究的相关性是保持个别旅游目的地的吸引力,尽管由于在乌克兰领土上进行特别军事行动而受到外国经济限制(制裁)和后勤困难。为了在俄罗斯人大量外国目的地关闭的背景下发展旅游业,不仅需要创建一个高质量的监管框架,还需要组织其有效实施。这项工作的目的是研究塞瓦斯托波尔市立法法案条款的适用情况,该法案规定了旅游活动的实施,以确定某些致病行为。分析方法被用作材料和方法,将法律解析为单独的规范,然后对实施最重要规范的做法进行评估。无论是对已经失效的行为,还是从比较区域立法和附属监管条例的角度,都采用了比较法律方法。此外,还采用了专家评估和推断的方法。因此,在行政当局的行为中,在制定立法条款方面发现了一些不一致的地方,应该予以消除。此外,已经确定了某些活动领域,这些领域受到了质量管制,但没有得到适当实施。结论执法监督似乎是联邦主体一级当局最重要的职能之一,因为它可以让你以不同的方式看待法律规范的实施情况:不是从“一切都以某种方式起作用并产生某种结果”的立场出发,而是本着真正的法律状态的精神,《俄罗斯联邦宪法》第1条宣布。
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引用次数: 0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CATEGORIES OF RESPONSIBILITY AND GUILT: LINGUISTIC, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-LEGAL ANALYSIS 责任与罪责范畴之间的关系:语言学、心理学和社会法律分析
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2022-1-4-54-64
Идрисов Хусейн Вахаевич
The article provides a scientific analysis of the categories of guilt and responsibility, taking into account the approaches formed in linguistics, sociology, psychology and jurisprudence. It is noted that the concepts of guilt and responsibility, as phenomena filled with specific historical content and character, are polyscientific categories and are the subject of research in many sciences: psychology, jurisprudence, history of philosophy, sociology. The article examines the main theories of deviance that formulate the conduct of a subject deviating from the normal: the economic theory of deviance, the theory of heterogeneity and variability of the normative value system of society, the theory of social destabilization and the theory of stigmatization. In addition, within the framework of the studied phenomena from a legal point of view, statistical data on the crime rate in the Russian Federation, conducted on a sample of different periods, are provided. In conclusion, the article concludes that the subject builds his own line of behavior in society based on an internal attitude, an available alternative, freedom of choice, guided by his own desires and interests. And if such a choice is made towards deviant behavior, then such a fact inevitably mediates the process of the offender's legal responsibility from a socio-legal point of view and the individual's suffering of guilt from a psychological point of view.
本文综合运用语言学、社会学、心理学和法学的研究方法,对罪责和责任的范畴进行了科学的分析。应当指出,罪责和责任的概念作为具有特定历史内容和特征的现象,是多科学的范畴,是心理学、法理学、哲学史、社会学等许多科学的研究课题。本文考察了阐述主体偏离正常行为的主要越轨理论:越轨的经济理论、社会规范价值体系的异质性和可变性理论、社会不稳定理论和污名化理论。此外,在从法律角度所研究的现象的框架内,还提供了关于俄罗斯联邦不同时期的犯罪率的统计数据。最后,文章的结论是,主体在社会中建立自己的行为路线是基于一种内在的态度,一种可用的选择,一种自由的选择,由他自己的欲望和利益所引导。如果这种选择是针对越轨行为的,那么从社会法律的角度来看,这种事实不可避免地调解了罪犯的法律责任过程,从心理学的角度来看,也调解了个人的罪恶感。
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引用次数: 0
"UNKNOWN ARTICLE" BY P. P. SAKHAROV ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THE LAW OF THE DON COSSACKS OF THE XVI–XVII CENTURIES “未知的文章”由p.p.萨哈罗夫关于法律的历史的顿河哥萨克的十六至十七世纪
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2022-1-4-47-53
Звездова Наталия Владимировна
This communication explores the medieval legal IP-thorium Don Cossacks on materials of clause article the historian P. Sakharov «Military circle on the Don», written in 1917 for enhancing understanding of the findings of a scholar, compares the latest discovery of the early 21st century Explorer.
本文通过历史学家P. Sakharov于1917年撰写的一篇文章《顿河军事圈》的材料,探讨了中世纪法律IP-thorium Don哥萨克,该文章旨在加强对学者发现的理解,并比较了21世纪初探索者的最新发现。
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引用次数: 0
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF MAKING CHANGES TO THE CONSTITUENT DOCUMENTS OF NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS 非营利组织组成文件变更的实际问题
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2022-1-4-95-99
Сармин Николай Алексеевич, Дороганова Анастасия Сергеевна
The introduction into circulation of voluntary associations of citizens and/or legal entities that do not aim to extract profit as the main one, entailed the need for the development of special legal regulation. The article discusses certain features of the legal status, state registration and amendments to the constituent documents, as well as information in the Unified State Register of Non-profit organizations. The authors conclude that it is necessary to unify the procedure for state registration of legal entities according to the model of registration of commercial organizations.
将不以营利为主要目的的公民和(或)法律实体的自愿协会引入流通,需要制定特别的法律法规。这篇文章讨论了法律地位、国家登记和对组成文件的修订的某些特点,以及非营利组织国家统一登记册中的信息。作者认为,有必要按照商业组织登记模式统一法人的国家登记程序。
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引用次数: 0
A WILL WITH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INHERITANCE FUND: IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM 设立遗产基金的遗嘱:执行机制
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.22394/2074-7306-2022-1-4-138-145
The article is devoted to the identification of basic legislative and law enforcement problems related to inheritance by will with the establishment of the inheritance fund. The relevance of the topic is due to numerous changes made to the legislation in connection with the creation of personal and hereditary funds. The author analyzed the legal procedures of the inheritance mechanism and the problems were identified in the preparation of the will and the charter of the inheritance fund, the establishment and management of the inherited property. It has been established that the novels of the legislation on funds are not synchronized with the concept of management of personal and hereditary funds. The mechanism for the implementation of a will with the establishment of an inheritance fund needs to be regulated by hereditary procedures. The article made proposals that allow you to remove the most serious contradictions in the legal regulation of hereditary funds, to make a viable mechanism for their implementation.
本文试图从继承基金的设立入手,辨明遗嘱继承的基本立法和执法问题。这一主题的相关性是由于在设立个人和世袭基金方面对立法作了许多修改。分析了继承机制的法律程序,指出了继承基金遗嘱和章程的编制、继承财产的设立和管理等方面存在的问题。本文认为,我国的基金立法与个人和世袭基金的管理理念并不同步。设立继承基金的遗嘱执行机制需要通过世袭程序来规范。文章提出了一些建议,使您能够消除遗传基金法律监管中最严重的矛盾,为其实施制定可行的机制。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
SeveroKavkazskii iuridicheskii vestnik
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