Brushless DC (BLDC) motors and derives have gained popularity because of numerous advantages. This motor application is achievable since permanent magnet (PM) technology has advanced. It has higher efficiency, reliability, and power with less maintenance due to the absence of brushes. A higher torque-to-mass ratio and long life are two of the most attractive characteristics making it appropriate for high-performance applications. This study describes the hybrid methodology for analyzing a three-phase, four-pole, 1500 W, brushless DC (BLDC) motor with an inner rotor. PI controllers and PWM in Matlab /Simulink, and the chopped current control in Maxwell 2d ae used. BLDC motor modeled by rotation machine export (RMxprt) analytical software and analyzed with a finite element method (FEM) Maxwell 2D software to calculate motor performance, such as torque, speed, and efficiency. The FEM results were verified by comparing them with the results taken from the Matlab/Simulink program and with the aid of the RMxprt software to supply some missing data. The motor torque and efficiency results from Maxwell 2D and Matlab show good agreement. A hybrid FEM-analytical approach is successfully applied to study a BLDC motor using three software packages RMxprt, Maxwell 2D, and Matlab/Simulink despite the lack of motor test data. The RMxprt program offers missing data like stator resistance, stator inductance, and torque constant. It is provided in the design sheet to help us with motor modeling. The successful adoption of the proposed hybrid FEM-analytical methodology will provide a good starting point for future BLDC motor research work
{"title":"A Hybrid Analysis of Brushless DC Motor","authors":"Estabraq Kareem A. Abbass, Amer M. Ali","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.28.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.28.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"Brushless DC (BLDC) motors and derives have gained popularity because of numerous advantages. This motor application is achievable since permanent magnet (PM) technology has advanced. It has higher efficiency, reliability, and power with less maintenance due to the absence of brushes. A higher torque-to-mass ratio and long life are two of the most attractive characteristics making it appropriate for high-performance applications. This study describes the hybrid methodology for analyzing a three-phase, four-pole, 1500 W, brushless DC (BLDC) motor with an inner rotor. PI controllers and PWM in Matlab /Simulink, and the chopped current control in Maxwell 2d ae used. BLDC motor modeled by rotation machine export (RMxprt) analytical software and analyzed with a finite element method (FEM) Maxwell 2D software to calculate motor performance, such as torque, speed, and efficiency. The FEM results were verified by comparing them with the results taken from the Matlab/Simulink program and with the aid of the RMxprt software to supply some missing data. The motor torque and efficiency results from Maxwell 2D and Matlab show good agreement. A hybrid FEM-analytical approach is successfully applied to study a BLDC motor using three software packages RMxprt, Maxwell 2D, and Matlab/Simulink despite the lack of motor test data. The RMxprt program offers missing data like stator resistance, stator inductance, and torque constant. It is provided in the design sheet to help us with motor modeling. The successful adoption of the proposed hybrid FEM-analytical methodology will provide a good starting point for future BLDC motor research work","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"44 188","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most serious problems facing the whole world today is global warming. Their lease of greenhouse gases is exacerbating the effects of global warming. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions and searching for alternative energy sources are becoming increasingly crucial. This study aims to review that one of the effective methods for lowering greenhouse gas emissions is the creation of biogas from agricultural waste using anaerobic digester plants. A lab-scale 5-liter batch fermenter was incubated at room temperature, specifically mesophilic (35°C). Biogas is a clean, reasonably priced, and sustainable energy source produced by the anaerobic fermentation of waste and organic waste. Mixing sludge and waste to react with each other during biogas production is essential. Factors affecting biogas, such as loading rate, retention time, operating ambient temperature, pH, mixing, etc., are also discussed. Asia is a region where the generation of this form of renewable energy is widespread, particularly in nations like China and India. The generation of biogas never has any adverse environmental effects, but it also yields environmentally safe byproducts. Agricultural waste is a large and anthropogenic source of methane in the atmosphere. It can be converted into nutrient-rich fertilizer. Agricultural waste, food waste, animal or human manure, and other organic waste are all converted into energy (in the form of biogas or electricity) using anaerobic digesters. Another advantage of biological fermentation is that it leaves behind a high-quality organic fertilizer
{"title":"A Review of Biogas Production from Small-Scale Anaerobic Digestion Plants","authors":"Raghad Maher Wadi, Sroor Atallah Khalifa","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.28.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.28.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most serious problems facing the whole world today is global warming. Their lease of greenhouse gases is exacerbating the effects of global warming. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions and searching for alternative energy sources are becoming increasingly crucial. This study aims to review that one of the effective methods for lowering greenhouse gas emissions is the creation of biogas from agricultural waste using anaerobic digester plants. A lab-scale 5-liter batch fermenter was incubated at room temperature, specifically mesophilic (35°C). Biogas is a clean, reasonably priced, and sustainable energy source produced by the anaerobic fermentation of waste and organic waste. Mixing sludge and waste to react with each other during biogas production is essential. Factors affecting biogas, such as loading rate, retention time, operating ambient temperature, pH, mixing, etc., are also discussed. Asia is a region where the generation of this form of renewable energy is widespread, particularly in nations like China and India. The generation of biogas never has any adverse environmental effects, but it also yields environmentally safe byproducts. Agricultural waste is a large and anthropogenic source of methane in the atmosphere. It can be converted into nutrient-rich fertilizer. Agricultural waste, food waste, animal or human manure, and other organic waste are all converted into energy (in the form of biogas or electricity) using anaerobic digesters. Another advantage of biological fermentation is that it leaves behind a high-quality organic fertilizer","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of shopping malls and vehicles in Baghdad has quickly increased along with the city's population. This has resulted in an increase in daily trips, which affects the roadway network's traffic flow and causes congestion, particularly on Al-Mansour Street and Al-Rowad Street near the city center. To determine the best signal time, the 14th Ramadan signalized intersection was evaluated and analyzed using the SIDRA 8.0 and SYNCHRO 11.0 software. First, the findings revealed that the chosen traffic facility is presently experiencing a substantial reduction in service level that is leading to forced conditions (LOS "F"). It is suggested that the cycle time at the intersection of the 14th Ramadan be changed from 240 seconds to 160 seconds and 125 seconds in SIDRA and SYNCHRO, respectively. Signal timings have reduced the delay for the 14th Ramadan intersection (76.8%), thus improving LOS from (F) to (D) for the intersection. The best delays after optimization in SYNCHRO 11.0, however, were 31% reduction with LOS of (E and D). Cycle times have also been lowered for the intersection to 25% as part of the optimum signal timing optimization. In SYNCHRO 11.0, which is better than SIDRA 8.0, the back of the queue has improved at the 14th Ramadan intersection by 33%. However, SYNCHRO has a better representation than SIDRA for current traffic saturation
{"title":"Traffic State Comparison of Signalized Intersections Using SIDRA and SYNCHRO Software","authors":"Maryam Laith Kareem, Z. Alkaissi","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.28.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.28.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"The number of shopping malls and vehicles in Baghdad has quickly increased along with the city's population. This has resulted in an increase in daily trips, which affects the roadway network's traffic flow and causes congestion, particularly on Al-Mansour Street and Al-Rowad Street near the city center. To determine the best signal time, the 14th Ramadan signalized intersection was evaluated and analyzed using the SIDRA 8.0 and SYNCHRO 11.0 software. First, the findings revealed that the chosen traffic facility is presently experiencing a substantial reduction in service level that is leading to forced conditions (LOS \"F\"). It is suggested that the cycle time at the intersection of the 14th Ramadan be changed from 240 seconds to 160 seconds and 125 seconds in SIDRA and SYNCHRO, respectively. Signal timings have reduced the delay for the 14th Ramadan intersection (76.8%), thus improving LOS from (F) to (D) for the intersection. The best delays after optimization in SYNCHRO 11.0, however, were 31% reduction with LOS of (E and D). Cycle times have also been lowered for the intersection to 25% as part of the optimum signal timing optimization. In SYNCHRO 11.0, which is better than SIDRA 8.0, the back of the queue has improved at the 14th Ramadan intersection by 33%. However, SYNCHRO has a better representation than SIDRA for current traffic saturation","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"26 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main goal of the technology is the minimizing of the huge consumption of energy specifically that arises because of burning clay bricks inside furnaces. An overall review of the available literature to determine the present knowledge and thinking level in unfired/fired clay bricks, and to establish an appropriate research context. Sustainable development has become the conversation of the age, and on this basis, searching for environmentally friendly materials has become a major element in this dialog. In this research, materials were prepared and ground to be downy with cement-like properties, and cement was the binding material in all mixtures. The results gained from the scrutiny showed that toting the reused material increases the compressive strength, with the highest compressive strength (33.8 MPa and the lowest being 1.9 MPa). Or shrink the difference in the impact factor and then conserve the environment from these materials and harness them for reuse in environmental resources.
{"title":"Review of the Use of Sustainable Materials in the Production of Building Units","authors":"Rua Abd Kudhaer, Mohammed M. Salman, H. Jarallah","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.28.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.28.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of the technology is the minimizing of the huge consumption of energy specifically that arises because of burning clay bricks inside furnaces. An overall review of the available literature to determine the present knowledge and thinking level in unfired/fired clay bricks, and to establish an appropriate research context. Sustainable development has become the conversation of the age, and on this basis, searching for environmentally friendly materials has become a major element in this dialog. In this research, materials were prepared and ground to be downy with cement-like properties, and cement was the binding material in all mixtures. The results gained from the scrutiny showed that toting the reused material increases the compressive strength, with the highest compressive strength (33.8 MPa and the lowest being 1.9 MPa). Or shrink the difference in the impact factor and then conserve the environment from these materials and harness them for reuse in environmental resources. ","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"53 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pollution index of any urban area is indicated by its air quality. It also shows a fine balance is maintained between the needs of the populace and the industrial ecosystem. To mitigate such pollution in real-time, smart cities have a significant role to play. It's common knowledge that air pollution in a city severely affects the health of its dependents. More alarmingly, human health damage and disease burden are caused by phenomena like acid rain, and global warming. More precisely, lung ailments, CPOD, heart problems and skin cancer are caused by polluted air in congested urban places. Amongst the worst air pollutants, CO, C6H6, SO2, NO2, O3, RSPM/PM10, and PM2.5 cause maximum havoc. The climatic variables like atmospheric wind velocity, direction, relative humidity, and temperature control air contaminants in the air. Lately, numerous techniques have been applied by researchers and environmentalists to determine the Air Quality Index over a place. However, not a single technique has found acceptance from all quarters as being effective in every situation or scenario. Here, the main aspect relates to achieving authentic prediction in AQI levels by applying Machine Learning algorithms so worst situations can be averted by timely action. To enhance the performance of Machine Learning methods study adopted imputation and feature selection methods. When feature selection is applied, the experimental outcomes indicate a more accurate prediction over other techniques, showing promise for the application of the model in smart cities by syncing data from different monitoring stations.
{"title":"HYBRID MODEL AND FRAMEWORK FOR PREDICTING AIR POLLUTANTS IN SMART CITIES","authors":"Qutaiba Humadi Mohammed, Anupama Namburu","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.28.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.28.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"The pollution index of any urban area is indicated by its air quality. It also shows a fine balance is maintained between the needs of the populace and the industrial ecosystem. To mitigate such pollution in real-time, smart cities have a significant role to play. It's common knowledge that air pollution in a city severely affects the health of its dependents. More alarmingly, human health damage and disease burden are caused by phenomena like acid rain, and global warming. More precisely, lung ailments, CPOD, heart problems and skin cancer are caused by polluted air in congested urban places. Amongst the worst air pollutants, CO, C6H6, SO2, NO2, O3, RSPM/PM10, and PM2.5 cause maximum havoc. The climatic variables like atmospheric wind velocity, direction, relative humidity, and temperature control air contaminants in the air. Lately, numerous techniques have been applied by researchers and environmentalists to determine the Air Quality Index over a place. However, not a single technique has found acceptance from all quarters as being effective in every situation or scenario. Here, the main aspect relates to achieving authentic prediction in AQI levels by applying Machine Learning algorithms so worst situations can be averted by timely action. To enhance the performance of Machine Learning methods study adopted imputation and feature selection methods. When feature selection is applied, the experimental outcomes indicate a more accurate prediction over other techniques, showing promise for the application of the model in smart cities by syncing data from different monitoring stations.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141048199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ammar Ghalib Al-Gizi, Abbas Miry, Hussein M. Hathal, A. Craciunescu
The design of an effective fuzzy maximum power point tracking controller plays a crucial aspect in enhancing the photovoltaic system’s efficiency. This article aims to design and compare the performance of symmetric and asymmetric types of fuzzy controllers’ maximum power point tracking algorithms. Depending on the BP SX150S module’ power-voltage attributes at standard technical conditions, the input membership function parameters are derived. Moreover, the effect of fuzzy memberships’ quantity is also examined in this article. Where Five and seven triangular memberships are used. For the simulation, MATLAB is used to assess the effectiveness of the fuzzy controllers. Simulation results show that the asymmetric controller outperforms the symmetric type in terms of transient and steady-state tracking for different numbers of membership functions. Specifically, when employed with 5-triangle memberships, the asymmetric controller outperforms the symmetrical controller in terms of rise time, tracking precision, and energy output, respectively, by 83%, 0.06%, and 14.14%. While, the rise time, tracking precision, and energy yield of 7-triangle memberships are all improved by 86.7%, 0.04%, and 14.78%, respectively. Using asymmetric type, 7-triangle memberships enhance the rise time and harvested energy by around 18.2% and 0.082%, respectively. Overall, the most effective tracking technique for enhancing the photovoltaic system’s efficiency is the asymmetric type, independent of the quantity of memberships.
{"title":"FUZZY MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING CONTROLLERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS","authors":"Ammar Ghalib Al-Gizi, Abbas Miry, Hussein M. Hathal, A. Craciunescu","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.28.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.28.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The design of an effective fuzzy maximum power point tracking controller plays a crucial aspect in enhancing the photovoltaic system’s efficiency. This article aims to design and compare the performance of symmetric and asymmetric types of fuzzy controllers’ maximum power point tracking algorithms. Depending on the BP SX150S module’ power-voltage attributes at standard technical conditions, the input membership function parameters are derived. Moreover, the effect of fuzzy memberships’ quantity is also examined in this article. Where Five and seven triangular memberships are used. For the simulation, MATLAB is used to assess the effectiveness of the fuzzy controllers. Simulation results show that the asymmetric controller outperforms the symmetric type in terms of transient and steady-state tracking for different numbers of membership functions. Specifically, when employed with 5-triangle memberships, the asymmetric controller outperforms the symmetrical controller in terms of rise time, tracking precision, and energy output, respectively, by 83%, 0.06%, and 14.14%. While, the rise time, tracking precision, and energy yield of 7-triangle memberships are all improved by 86.7%, 0.04%, and 14.78%, respectively. Using asymmetric type, 7-triangle memberships enhance the rise time and harvested energy by around 18.2% and 0.082%, respectively. Overall, the most effective tracking technique for enhancing the photovoltaic system’s efficiency is the asymmetric type, independent of the quantity of memberships.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"31 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arkan Mousa Majeed, T. Elwi, Zaid A. Abdul Hassain, Jayendra Kumar, Ahmed E. Saleem
Millimeter waves are the most promising waves for different modern wireless communication networks. This is due to their ability to carry big data with enhanced channel capacity. However, mm-waves suffer from low propagation due to the effects of high attenuation factors with high frequencies. Therefore, in this work, a three-dimensional structural antenna design with a slot array is proposed to achieve high gain through a two-port feeding operation for orbital angular momentum applications of modern communication systems. Also, the improved bandwidth of the proposed antenna makes it an excellent candidate for fifth-generation (5G) communications systems. The antenna depends on two concentric structures with conductive circular cross-sectional area. The first structure is shaped as a three-dimensional cone with a cylindrical waveguide. The second structure is shaped as a circular disc with a circular aperture. The two parts of the proposed antenna are concentered to be fed with two discrete ports from the side with a 900phase difference. It is determined that the proposed antenna offers an exceptional gain to vary from 10dBi to 20dBi within the frequency band from 3GHz to 30GHz. It is realized that such enhancement after introducing a conductive circular reflector underneath the conductive cone. The antenna shows a matching impedance below -10dB over the entire frequency band of interest. The antenna radiation proprietors at 25GHz and 26GHz at the E-plane and H-plane are characterized. Finally, the antenna performance is validated using two software packages based on CST studio and HFSS algorithms.
毫米波是各种现代无线通信网络最有前途的波段。这是因为毫米波能够以更大的信道容量传输大量数据。然而，由于高频率高衰减系数的影响，毫米波的传播速度较低。因此，本研究提出了一种带有槽阵的三维结构天线设计，通过双端口馈电操作实现高增益，以应用于现代通信系统的轨道角动量。此外，所提天线带宽的改善使其成为第五代（5G）通信系统的理想候选天线。该天线取决于两个具有导电圆形截面积的同心结构。第一个结构的形状是一个带有圆柱形波导的三维锥体。第二个结构的形状是一个带有圆形孔径的圆盘。拟建天线的两部分同心，从侧面以 900 相位差向两个分立端口馈电。经测定，拟议的天线在 3GHz 至 30GHz 频段内具有 10dBi 至 20dBi 的超常增益。在导电锥下方引入导电环形反射器后，增益得到了提升。该天线在整个相关频段内的匹配阻抗低于-10dB。天线在 25GHz 和 26GHz 的 E 平面和 H 平面上的辐射特性得到了表征。最后，使用基于 CST studio 和 HFSS 算法的两个软件包对天线性能进行了验证。
{"title":"ORBITAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM-BASED SLOT ARRAY ANTENNA FOR MODERN APPLICATIONS","authors":"Arkan Mousa Majeed, T. Elwi, Zaid A. Abdul Hassain, Jayendra Kumar, Ahmed E. Saleem","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.28.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.28.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Millimeter waves are the most promising waves for different modern wireless communication networks. This is due to their ability to carry big data with enhanced channel capacity. However, mm-waves suffer from low propagation due to the effects of high attenuation factors with high frequencies. Therefore, in this work, a three-dimensional structural antenna design with a slot array is proposed to achieve high gain through a two-port feeding operation for orbital angular momentum applications of modern communication systems. Also, the improved bandwidth of the proposed antenna makes it an excellent candidate for fifth-generation (5G) communications systems. The antenna depends on two concentric structures with conductive circular cross-sectional area. The first structure is shaped as a three-dimensional cone with a cylindrical waveguide. The second structure is shaped as a circular disc with a circular aperture. The two parts of the proposed antenna are concentered to be fed with two discrete ports from the side with a 900phase difference. It is determined that the proposed antenna offers an exceptional gain to vary from 10dBi to 20dBi within the frequency band from 3GHz to 30GHz. It is realized that such enhancement after introducing a conductive circular reflector underneath the conductive cone. The antenna shows a matching impedance below -10dB over the entire frequency band of interest. The antenna radiation proprietors at 25GHz and 26GHz at the E-plane and H-plane are characterized. Finally, the antenna performance is validated using two software packages based on CST studio and HFSS algorithms.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"24 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141048713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Rasheed, K. Mahmoud, M. A. Yousif, Ahmed F. Abdullah
This study concerns the effect of the external prestressing strand shape profile on the flexural behavior of steel beams. Seven steel beams that have the same cross-section are strengthened by external strands fixed by using Saddle Points of Deviation (Deviators). Based on two criteria, beams tested are divided into two categories whether external prestressing with fixity strands is present. The first group includes only one beam as a reference, while the second group deals with beams strengthened by two external strands. Six samples have been separated according to the eccentricity for external prestressing at a jacking stress of 815 MPa. During testing, it was discovered that the moment-curvature responses at the bottom and top flange region were stiffer than those in the reference, and the degree of hardening increases with eccentricity increasing. However, failure occurs with a slight warning as a result of insufficient ductility. Due to the presence of external prestressing, the ultimate moment capacity is enhanced by approximately 6.1%, 31.7%, 38.5%, 57.6%, 29.4%, and 80.2% as compared to the reference. Finally, the radius of curvature at the top flange region for strengthening samples has grown by approximately -16.7%, 8.0%, -26.9%, 21.5%, 17.5%, and 17.4% as compared to the reference case. In contrast, the percentage of the radius of curvature at the bottom flange region for strengthened samples dropped to 24,9%, 73.9%, 83.2%, 83.6%, 69.2%, and 89.0%, respectively, with an increase in the eccentricity position as compared to the reference.
{"title":"EFFECT OF THE STRANDS FIXITY PROFILE SHAPE ON THE FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF STEEL BEAMS","authors":"Mohammed Rasheed, K. Mahmoud, M. A. Yousif, Ahmed F. Abdullah","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.28.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.28.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study concerns the effect of the external prestressing strand shape profile on the flexural behavior of steel beams. Seven steel beams that have the same cross-section are strengthened by external strands fixed by using Saddle Points of Deviation (Deviators). Based on two criteria, beams tested are divided into two categories whether external prestressing with fixity strands is present. The first group includes only one beam as a reference, while the second group deals with beams strengthened by two external strands. Six samples have been separated according to the eccentricity for external prestressing at a jacking stress of 815 MPa. During testing, it was discovered that the moment-curvature responses at the bottom and top flange region were stiffer than those in the reference, and the degree of hardening increases with eccentricity increasing. However, failure occurs with a slight warning as a result of insufficient ductility. Due to the presence of external prestressing, the ultimate moment capacity is enhanced by approximately 6.1%, 31.7%, 38.5%, 57.6%, 29.4%, and 80.2% as compared to the reference. Finally, the radius of curvature at the top flange region for strengthening samples has grown by approximately -16.7%, 8.0%, -26.9%, 21.5%, 17.5%, and 17.4% as compared to the reference case. In contrast, the percentage of the radius of curvature at the bottom flange region for strengthened samples dropped to 24,9%, 73.9%, 83.2%, 83.6%, 69.2%, and 89.0%, respectively, with an increase in the eccentricity position as compared to the reference.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"16 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141055455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahmood Zaki Abdullah, Ali Kalid Jassim, Fadia Noori Hummadi, Mohammed Majid M. Al Khalidy
Gradually, since the number of linked computer systems that use networks linked to the Internet is raised the information that is delivered through those systems becomes more vulnerable to cyber threats. This article presents proposed algorithms based on Machine Learning (ML) that ensure early detection of cyber threats that cause network breaking through the use of the Correlation Ranking Filter feature selection method. These proposed algorithms were applied to the Multi-Step Cyber-Attack Dataset (MSCAD) which consists of 66 features. The proposed strategy will apply machine learning algorithms like Adaptive Boosting-Deep Learning (AdaBoost-Deep Learning) or (ABDL), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Bayesian Networks Model (BNM), and Random Forest (RF), the feature would be decreased to high valuable of 46 features were included with a threshold of 0.1 or higher. The accuracy would be increased when the no. of features decreased to 46 with a threshold of ≥ 0.1 with the ABDL algorithm producing an accuracy of 99.7076%. The obtained results showed that the proposed algorithm delivered a suitable accuracy of 99.6791% with the ABDL algorithm even with a higher number of features.
{"title":"NEW STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING NETWORK SECURITY AGAINST CYBER ATTACK BASED ON INTELLIGENT ALGORITHMS","authors":"Mahmood Zaki Abdullah, Ali Kalid Jassim, Fadia Noori Hummadi, Mohammed Majid M. Al Khalidy","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.28.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.28.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Gradually, since the number of linked computer systems that use networks linked to the Internet is raised the information that is delivered through those systems becomes more vulnerable to cyber threats. This article presents proposed algorithms based on Machine Learning (ML) that ensure early detection of cyber threats that cause network breaking through the use of the Correlation Ranking Filter feature selection method. These proposed algorithms were applied to the Multi-Step Cyber-Attack Dataset (MSCAD) which consists of 66 features. The proposed strategy will apply machine learning algorithms like Adaptive Boosting-Deep Learning (AdaBoost-Deep Learning) or (ABDL), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Bayesian Networks Model (BNM), and Random Forest (RF), the feature would be decreased to high valuable of 46 features were included with a threshold of 0.1 or higher. The accuracy would be increased when the no. of features decreased to 46 with a threshold of ≥ 0.1 with the ABDL algorithm producing an accuracy of 99.7076%. The obtained results showed that the proposed algorithm delivered a suitable accuracy of 99.6791% with the ABDL algorithm even with a higher number of features.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"61 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141030420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to improve thermal performance and compare the performance of two common crystalline PV panel types (Mono and poly). Modules with a back-cooling system were designed and numerically analyzed with SolidWorks and ANSYS-Fluent-2021-R2 for the simulation under Baghdad weather at noon. The cooling system used consists of a phase-change material, paraffin wax (RT55), with a thickness of 5 cm and a heatsink with 33 fins with heights of 10, 20, and 30 mm and thicknesses of 2, 4, and 6 mm. to select the best height of the wax 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 cm examined. The result showed that for polycrystals, the panel temperature was reduced by 8.4°C using PCM and 11.9°C using PCM-fins. Also, output power was enhanced to 200.6 W by 10.2 W, and efficiency improved by 5%. Similarly, using PCM and PCM-fins lowered the temperature of the monocrystalline by 8.3 and 12.5°C, respectively. Therefore, the output power is enhanced to 202.4 W by 10.7 W and improves the electrical efficiency by 5.2%. The results of the study showed that mono had better performance than poly. This result is acceptable and is in good agreement with previous studies.
{"title":"دراسة أداء النماذج الكهروضوئية مع نظام تبريد السطح الخلفي","authors":"Ahmed Aljumaili, Yaser Alaiwi, Zainab Al-khafaji","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.28.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.28.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to improve thermal performance and compare the performance of two common crystalline PV panel types (Mono and poly). Modules with a back-cooling system were designed and numerically analyzed with SolidWorks and ANSYS-Fluent-2021-R2 for the simulation under Baghdad weather at noon. The cooling system used consists of a phase-change material, paraffin wax (RT55), with a thickness of 5 cm and a heatsink with 33 fins with heights of 10, 20, and 30 mm and thicknesses of 2, 4, and 6 mm. to select the best height of the wax 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 cm examined. The result showed that for polycrystals, the panel temperature was reduced by 8.4°C using PCM and 11.9°C using PCM-fins. Also, output power was enhanced to 200.6 W by 10.2 W, and efficiency improved by 5%. Similarly, using PCM and PCM-fins lowered the temperature of the monocrystalline by 8.3 and 12.5°C, respectively. Therefore, the output power is enhanced to 202.4 W by 10.7 W and improves the electrical efficiency by 5.2%. The results of the study showed that mono had better performance than poly. This result is acceptable and is in good agreement with previous studies.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141045399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：