In the past, artificial intelligence techniques were successfully adopted for obtaining optimal power flow in a power system. However, this optimality is limited to the economic aspects of the system's operating conditions. The other aspects of the operation, like security conditions, have been given limited attention. Hence, this paper presents an attempt to dispatch the power generation in electrical power systems optimally by taking into consideration both economic and secure operations, so that modern power systems can operate reliably and effectively. Security-constrained optimal power flow is addressed in this paper as a multi-objective optimization problem, consisting of four objective functions: minimizing power generation costs; minimizing voltage deviation; minimizing power losses; and alleviating the overloading on transmission lines. A detailed steady-state generator model is adopted in the present formulation. A metaheuristic optimization technique, namely, differential evolution, is used to obtain the security constraint optimal power dispatch. Additionally, the operating states of a power system have been addressed in this paper. The identification of the operating states is vital to the assessment of the security of the EPS. Improvements and appropriate security assessments have been made in some cases. The proposed algorithm is applied to a typical power system with different operating strategies. The obtained results are compared to those obtained from previous studies in the literature to demonstrate the suggested method's validity and effectiveness.
{"title":"SECURITY CONSTRAINED OPTIMAL POWER FLOW BASED ON AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUE","authors":"Ayman Almansory, Kassim Al-Anbarri","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.27.6.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.6.5","url":null,"abstract":"In the past, artificial intelligence techniques were successfully adopted for obtaining optimal power flow in a power system. However, this optimality is limited to the economic aspects of the system's operating conditions. The other aspects of the operation, like security conditions, have been given limited attention. Hence, this paper presents an attempt to dispatch the power generation in electrical power systems optimally by taking into consideration both economic and secure operations, so that modern power systems can operate reliably and effectively. Security-constrained optimal power flow is addressed in this paper as a multi-objective optimization problem, consisting of four objective functions: minimizing power generation costs; minimizing voltage deviation; minimizing power losses; and alleviating the overloading on transmission lines. A detailed steady-state generator model is adopted in the present formulation. A metaheuristic optimization technique, namely, differential evolution, is used to obtain the security constraint optimal power dispatch. Additionally, the operating states of a power system have been addressed in this paper. The identification of the operating states is vital to the assessment of the security of the EPS. Improvements and appropriate security assessments have been made in some cases. The proposed algorithm is applied to a typical power system with different operating strategies. The obtained results are compared to those obtained from previous studies in the literature to demonstrate the suggested method's validity and effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"183 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raed K. Mohammed Jawad, Mohammed J. Kadhim, Hamza M. Kamal
Many organizations around the world have recognized lightweight, long-lasting, cost and environmentally-friendly construction materials as a future necessity. The lightweight concrete is manufactured mainly either by replacing the original aggregate with lightweight aggregate or addition foam production materials to concrete mixtures. These additions lead to a decrease in the lightweight concrete density and change mechanical properties such as compressive strength. Therefore, there is much experimental research has been conducted to add different material types that can improve lightweight concrete compressive strength while maintaining low density. In this review, the effect of various additions such as steel fiber, product waste materials, and nano-materials on the lightweight concrete compressive strength and density have been explained. The various effects of these additive materials on lightweight concrete properties, some additives lead to improving the properties of lightweight concrete, while other materials lead to a decrease in those properties, and this depends on the type and amount of material additive, the method lightweight concrete manufacturing, and their mixture composition.
{"title":"A REVIEW OF THE EFFECT OF ADDITIVES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE","authors":"Raed K. Mohammed Jawad, Mohammed J. Kadhim, Hamza M. Kamal","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.27.6.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.6.4","url":null,"abstract":"Many organizations around the world have recognized lightweight, long-lasting, cost and environmentally-friendly construction materials as a future necessity. The lightweight concrete is manufactured mainly either by replacing the original aggregate with lightweight aggregate or addition foam production materials to concrete mixtures. These additions lead to a decrease in the lightweight concrete density and change mechanical properties such as compressive strength. Therefore, there is much experimental research has been conducted to add different material types that can improve lightweight concrete compressive strength while maintaining low density. In this review, the effect of various additions such as steel fiber, product waste materials, and nano-materials on the lightweight concrete compressive strength and density have been explained. The various effects of these additive materials on lightweight concrete properties, some additives lead to improving the properties of lightweight concrete, while other materials lead to a decrease in those properties, and this depends on the type and amount of material additive, the method lightweight concrete manufacturing, and their mixture composition.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"141 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heat transfer equipment has been used in many different domestic and industrial applications. There has been a concentrated effort to create a heat exchanger design that will reduce energy requirements while saving materials and other costs. Increasing the effective heat transfer surface area or creating turbulence are two common ways to improve heat transfer and hence lower thermal resistance. The thermal Performance Factor is the ratio of the difference in heat transfer rate to the difference in friction factor and serves as a metric to assess the efficiency of heat transfer enhancement technologies. Different types of twisted tubes are used in many heat transfer improvement devices. geometrical parameters of the twisted tube encompassing the aspect ratio, twist ratio, twist direction, twist length, etc. impact the heat transfer. For Instance, oval pipes with unequal twist pitches have a thermal performance factor (1.75) and equal twist pitches have a thermal performance factor (1.98). furthermore, the thermal performance factor of the twisted tube with oval dimples is equal to 1.19 compared with the twisted tube without dimples. The thermal performance factor of the twisted tube with oval dimples is equal to 1.38 compared with the straight tube, with another improvement to the twisted tube that improves the heat transfer properties by disrupting the thermal boundary layer and destabilizing it. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of passive heat transfer devices (twisted tubes) and their relative merits in a myriad of commercial applications.
{"title":"A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW STUDY ON HEAT TRANSFER IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES WITHIN TWISTED TUBES","authors":"Baraa Mohammed, Saad Najeeb Shehab","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.27.6.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.6.12","url":null,"abstract":"Heat transfer equipment has been used in many different domestic and industrial applications. There has been a concentrated effort to create a heat exchanger design that will reduce energy requirements while saving materials and other costs. Increasing the effective heat transfer surface area or creating turbulence are two common ways to improve heat transfer and hence lower thermal resistance. The thermal Performance Factor is the ratio of the difference in heat transfer rate to the difference in friction factor and serves as a metric to assess the efficiency of heat transfer enhancement technologies. Different types of twisted tubes are used in many heat transfer improvement devices. geometrical parameters of the twisted tube encompassing the aspect ratio, twist ratio, twist direction, twist length, etc. impact the heat transfer. For Instance, oval pipes with unequal twist pitches have a thermal performance factor (1.75) and equal twist pitches have a thermal performance factor (1.98). furthermore, the thermal performance factor of the twisted tube with oval dimples is equal to 1.19 compared with the twisted tube without dimples. The thermal performance factor of the twisted tube with oval dimples is equal to 1.38 compared with the straight tube, with another improvement to the twisted tube that improves the heat transfer properties by disrupting the thermal boundary layer and destabilizing it. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of passive heat transfer devices (twisted tubes) and their relative merits in a myriad of commercial applications.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"208 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the study performed to assess the environmental consequences of a proposed organic Rankine cycle-based exhaust heat recovery system for application in vehicles. A life-cycle assessment of fifteen (15) midpoints and two (2) endpoint levels was performed using the SimaPro database to determine the potential environmental consequences of the main parts of the proposed system resulting from the various raw materials used in these parts. The performance results of the organic Rankine cycle-based exhaust heat recovery system show that it can generate up to 3.10 kW of net power output from the engine exhaust, which otherwise is released into the environment as waste heat, with a thermal efficiency of 6.36%. The life-cycle assessment results show that the presence of steel in these components is responsible for the majority of these environmental consequences. The evaporator showed the highest impact potential, with values ranging from 37% in marine eutrophication to 72% in ionizing radiation. From the two (2) endpoint impact assessments, it is clear that the pump has the maximum human health impact potential of 0.0138 DALY, with the condenser having the lowest contribution of 0.0005 DALY. The evaporator and condenser contribute 2297.25 PDF.m2.yr and 158.30 PDF.m2.yr ecosystem quality impact potentials, respectively, as the highest and lowest. Therefore, the organic Rankine cycle-based exhaust heat recovery system has relatively little impact potential on climate change threats, with a value of 1.37E-03 kgCO2.
{"title":"AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AN ORC-BASED EXHAUST HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR APPLICATION IN VEHICLES","authors":"Julius Thaddaeus, Ikeokwu Innocent Ezeaku","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.27.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the study performed to assess the environmental consequences of a proposed organic Rankine cycle-based exhaust heat recovery system for application in vehicles. A life-cycle assessment of fifteen (15) midpoints and two (2) endpoint levels was performed using the SimaPro database to determine the potential environmental consequences of the main parts of the proposed system resulting from the various raw materials used in these parts. The performance results of the organic Rankine cycle-based exhaust heat recovery system show that it can generate up to 3.10 kW of net power output from the engine exhaust, which otherwise is released into the environment as waste heat, with a thermal efficiency of 6.36%. The life-cycle assessment results show that the presence of steel in these components is responsible for the majority of these environmental consequences. The evaporator showed the highest impact potential, with values ranging from 37% in marine eutrophication to 72% in ionizing radiation. From the two (2) endpoint impact assessments, it is clear that the pump has the maximum human health impact potential of 0.0138 DALY, with the condenser having the lowest contribution of 0.0005 DALY. The evaporator and condenser contribute 2297.25 PDF.m2.yr and 158.30 PDF.m2.yr ecosystem quality impact potentials, respectively, as the highest and lowest. Therefore, the organic Rankine cycle-based exhaust heat recovery system has relatively little impact potential on climate change threats, with a value of 1.37E-03 kgCO2.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"89 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a mathematical method which is considered This method is considered one of the most accurate methods in terms of making decisions by providing multiple options so that the decision-maker can calibrate and evaluate the alternatives. The city of Baghdad suffers from stifling traffic congestion due to the increase in population, which leads to a significant increase in the number of trips inside and outside the city, and with this, the number of vehicles is more than the capacity of the city’s road network; especially on the Karkh side. Three alternative roads were proposed in the network; namely: the first alternative is the fourth ring road that connects the Abu Ghraib highway and the roundabout bridge, the second road represents the link between the Washash roundabout and the Muthanna Airport intersection, the third alternative is constructing a tunnel from the Al-Paratha Mosque intersection in the direction of Haifa Street. The purpose of the study is to analyze and select the best alternative by using multi-criteria decision-making. Based on the results, it appears that the economic factor has the greatest effect on the selection of alternatives with its weight equal to 55%, followed by the accessibility factor with a weight of 29.8%. Although the second alternative was chosen as the best alternative in this manuscript, the first alternative is also important in terms of reducing traffic congestion and truck crossing within the city. To increase the efficiency of the network, it is proposed to implement the first and second proposals as well as widen the study region.
{"title":"ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR EVALUATION OF TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES ON THE KARKH SIDE OF BAGHDAD","authors":"Maryam M. Abdullah, Noor M. Asmael","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.27.6.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.6.8","url":null,"abstract":"The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a mathematical method which is considered This method is considered one of the most accurate methods in terms of making decisions by providing multiple options so that the decision-maker can calibrate and evaluate the alternatives. The city of Baghdad suffers from stifling traffic congestion due to the increase in population, which leads to a significant increase in the number of trips inside and outside the city, and with this, the number of vehicles is more than the capacity of the city’s road network; especially on the Karkh side. Three alternative roads were proposed in the network; namely: the first alternative is the fourth ring road that connects the Abu Ghraib highway and the roundabout bridge, the second road represents the link between the Washash roundabout and the Muthanna Airport intersection, the third alternative is constructing a tunnel from the Al-Paratha Mosque intersection in the direction of Haifa Street. The purpose of the study is to analyze and select the best alternative by using multi-criteria decision-making. Based on the results, it appears that the economic factor has the greatest effect on the selection of alternatives with its weight equal to 55%, followed by the accessibility factor with a weight of 29.8%. Although the second alternative was chosen as the best alternative in this manuscript, the first alternative is also important in terms of reducing traffic congestion and truck crossing within the city. To increase the efficiency of the network, it is proposed to implement the first and second proposals as well as widen the study region.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"114 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marwa Mahdi S., Lahib Faisal M., Zainab Al-sharify, Helen Onyeaka
Adsorption has been demonstrated to be one of the world's most effective wastewater remediation techniques. This study attempts to use walnut shells as an adsorbent for the removal of the medications Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Tetracycline from aqueous solutions. Many variables were studied to indicate walnut shells influence on the efficiency of removal; which included pH of the solution (3-9), drugs concentration (10-60 mg/L), adsorbent concentration (0.025–0.25) g/100ml for the walnut shell, contact time (5-120 min), and agitation speed (50-300 rpm). From the experimental results, the best removal at the most suitable pH value of Amoxicillin at pH 6, for Ciprofloxacin was at pH 5 and at pH 4 for the Tetracycline. With an optimum condition, for an amount of adsorbent of about 0.25, and an optimum time of 60 min for all adsorbs using 300 rpm. The best percentage of removal was 59.32% for Amoxicillin, 62.160% for Ciprofloxacin, and 61.55% for Tetracycline when 50 mg/l concentrations of all pharmaceutical solutions. The removal is well integrated into the Freundlich isotherm model. The correlation of kinetic data by a pseudo-second-order model was successful for three antibiotics. However, this study showed that walnut shells are an effective adsorbent in removing medical contaminants from an aqueous solution of the natural environment.
{"title":"WALNUT SHELLS AS SUSTAINABLE ADSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF MEDICAL WASTE FROM WASTEWATER","authors":"Marwa Mahdi S., Lahib Faisal M., Zainab Al-sharify, Helen Onyeaka","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.27.6.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.6.3","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption has been demonstrated to be one of the world's most effective wastewater remediation techniques. This study attempts to use walnut shells as an adsorbent for the removal of the medications Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Tetracycline from aqueous solutions. Many variables were studied to indicate walnut shells influence on the efficiency of removal; which included pH of the solution (3-9), drugs concentration (10-60 mg/L), adsorbent concentration (0.025–0.25) g/100ml for the walnut shell, contact time (5-120 min), and agitation speed (50-300 rpm). From the experimental results, the best removal at the most suitable pH value of Amoxicillin at pH 6, for Ciprofloxacin was at pH 5 and at pH 4 for the Tetracycline. With an optimum condition, for an amount of adsorbent of about 0.25, and an optimum time of 60 min for all adsorbs using 300 rpm. The best percentage of removal was 59.32% for Amoxicillin, 62.160% for Ciprofloxacin, and 61.55% for Tetracycline when 50 mg/l concentrations of all pharmaceutical solutions. The removal is well integrated into the Freundlich isotherm model. The correlation of kinetic data by a pseudo-second-order model was successful for three antibiotics. However, this study showed that walnut shells are an effective adsorbent in removing medical contaminants from an aqueous solution of the natural environment.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shear failure in reinforced concrete beams has gained excessive study, particularly beams without stirrups. Because shear failure is considered the most serious due to it occurring suddenly without warning. Because of the seriousness of the matter concerning shear failure, many researchers are looking to use additive materials that differ from traditional concrete constituents in order to improve the shear resistance of the beams, such as the use of silica fume, steel fiber, metakaolin, and many others. The current studies focused on understanding the resistance provided by the interlocking forces between the aggregate and that provided by the non-cracked compression zone, with the use of some materials that are intended to improve the properties of concrete. This paper presents a review of the previous literature that included studying the mechanism and behavior of shear failure of concrete beams without web reinforcement and also includes a presentation of the most important equations used to predict the shear capacity of concrete beams, especially those without stirrups, to understand the mechanism of failure and to know the most important factors affecting the failure of shear.
{"title":"SHEAR CAPACITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS WITHOUT SHEAR REINFORCEMENT: A REVIEW","authors":"Mariam Ibraheem, Mohammed M. Rasheed","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.27.5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.5.3","url":null,"abstract":"Shear failure in reinforced concrete beams has gained excessive study, particularly beams without stirrups. Because shear failure is considered the most serious due to it occurring suddenly without warning. Because of the seriousness of the matter concerning shear failure, many researchers are looking to use additive materials that differ from traditional concrete constituents in order to improve the shear resistance of the beams, such as the use of silica fume, steel fiber, metakaolin, and many others. The current studies focused on understanding the resistance provided by the interlocking forces between the aggregate and that provided by the non-cracked compression zone, with the use of some materials that are intended to improve the properties of concrete. This paper presents a review of the previous literature that included studying the mechanism and behavior of shear failure of concrete beams without web reinforcement and also includes a presentation of the most important equations used to predict the shear capacity of concrete beams, especially those without stirrups, to understand the mechanism of failure and to know the most important factors affecting the failure of shear.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46334592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The harm that underwater noise pollution poses to aquatic ecosystems and the resources that support it are being acknowledged on a worldwide scale. Fisheries and ecotourism are only two of the important businesses that are impacted by noise pollution. Reducing underwater impact noise is a major challenge for underwater acoustic communication systems. However, the implementation of noise reduction measures (noise abatement) remains limited. Most communication systems assume that the noise is both additive and Gaussian. Underwater Acoustic Noise (UWAN) systems generally perform poorly because of the often large non-Gaussian components in intermittent noise in the ocean. This study presents an experimental model (Dolphin-EAR DE200 Series) sound channel noise underwater at Lake Diyala Hamrin, Iraq, using a hydrophone model. Low data volume, multipath propagation, low bandwidth, and higher bit error rate (BER) of received data are major issues for underwater communication systems. In this paper, the Underwater Acoustic Channel (UWAC) aspect is evaluated and an error performance term is determined from the noise in the Student's t-distribution. In addition, Signals using binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) are used to generate error power analysis.
{"title":"BIT ERROR PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT FOR UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC NOISE CHANNEL BY USING CHANNEL CODING","authors":"Thamer Easa Murad, Y. Al-Aboosi","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.27.5.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.5.8","url":null,"abstract":"The harm that underwater noise pollution poses to aquatic ecosystems and the resources that support it are being acknowledged on a worldwide scale. Fisheries and ecotourism are only two of the important businesses that are impacted by noise pollution. Reducing underwater impact noise is a major challenge for underwater acoustic communication systems. However, the implementation of noise reduction measures (noise abatement) remains limited. Most communication systems assume that the noise is both additive and Gaussian. Underwater Acoustic Noise (UWAN) systems generally perform poorly because of the often large non-Gaussian components in intermittent noise in the ocean. This study presents an experimental model (Dolphin-EAR DE200 Series) sound channel noise underwater at Lake Diyala Hamrin, Iraq, using a hydrophone model. Low data volume, multipath propagation, low bandwidth, and higher bit error rate (BER) of received data are major issues for underwater communication systems. In this paper, the Underwater Acoustic Channel (UWAC) aspect is evaluated and an error performance term is determined from the noise in the Student's t-distribution. In addition, Signals using binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) are used to generate error power analysis.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46639995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increase in cell temperature with increased irradiance is probably the most significant disadvantage of using photovoltaic with reflector modules. In this study, a developed Phase Change Material system was integrated into the rear section of a concentrating Photovoltaic system to limit its temperature rise. The heat transmission of the concentrating photovoltaic with a phase change material system was investigated using an experimental method and a numerical method. The temperature distribution was simulated numerically using ANSYS 2021 three-dimensions model. Three cases were studied: one without wax, one with wax, and one with wax and fins. The results displayed convergence between the experimental results and the numerical results. The effect of using phase change materials on performance and efficiency of concentrated photovoltaic cells, the amount of temperature reduction through the wax melting period for concentration with paraffin wax and concentration photovoltaic with fin and paraffin wax by 2.8 °C and 6 °C, respectively, as well as an enhancement in efficiency of photovoltaic at the noon time of cases by 1.807% and 3.182% related to the reference photovoltaic. The outcomes also demonstrated that using fins aids in the distribution of temperatures, resulting in regular melting of wax in comparison to wax without fins.
{"title":"COOLING OF CONCENTRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS WITH PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL AND FINS","authors":"Mostafa Kareem Yousif, Muna S. Kasim","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.27.5.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.5.5","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in cell temperature with increased irradiance is probably the most significant disadvantage of using photovoltaic with reflector modules. In this study, a developed Phase Change Material system was integrated into the rear section of a concentrating Photovoltaic system to limit its temperature rise. The heat transmission of the concentrating photovoltaic with a phase change material system was investigated using an experimental method and a numerical method. The temperature distribution was simulated numerically using ANSYS 2021 three-dimensions model. Three cases were studied: one without wax, one with wax, and one with wax and fins. The results displayed convergence between the experimental results and the numerical results. The effect of using phase change materials on performance and efficiency of concentrated photovoltaic cells, the amount of temperature reduction through the wax melting period for concentration with paraffin wax and concentration photovoltaic with fin and paraffin wax by 2.8 °C and 6 °C, respectively, as well as an enhancement in efficiency of photovoltaic at the noon time of cases by 1.807% and 3.182% related to the reference photovoltaic. The outcomes also demonstrated that using fins aids in the distribution of temperatures, resulting in regular melting of wax in comparison to wax without fins.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The numerical and experimental study was carried out under Iraqi weather conditions to verify the improvement of the performance of the solar updraft tower system SUTS by introducing porous metal foam as a heat-absorbent plate. a semicircular basin of the solar collector was divided into two equal identical quarters. A porous foam material was fixed on one of the basins while the other basin was fixed on a traditional copper plate. The positions of the metal foam absorber plate are changed with two inclination angles (0֯ and 18֯) and the optimum position is achieved when it gives the highest thermal performance. A finite volume modeling technique is used to solve the governing equations and radiation heat transfer equations by using ANSYS Fluent. The experimental part was conducted in Baghdad / Iraq at latitude 33.3°. The presence of the metal foam absorber plate caused a significant decrease in the average temperatures of the heat-absorbent plate. The maximum airflow temperature was recorded with an inclined angle of 18◦. The metal foam as a heat-absorbent plate enhanced the efficiency and the output power of the SUTS to about 51.9% and 47.2% respectively compared to the traditional plate.
{"title":"NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SEMICIRCULAR SOLAR UPDRAFT TOWER SYSTEM EMPLOYING POROUS COPPER METAL FOAM","authors":"Sarmad A. Abdul Hussein, Mohammed A. Nima","doi":"10.31272/jeasd.27.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical and experimental study was carried out under Iraqi weather conditions to verify the improvement of the performance of the solar updraft tower system SUTS by introducing porous metal foam as a heat-absorbent plate. a semicircular basin of the solar collector was divided into two equal identical quarters. A porous foam material was fixed on one of the basins while the other basin was fixed on a traditional copper plate. The positions of the metal foam absorber plate are changed with two inclination angles (0֯ and 18֯) and the optimum position is achieved when it gives the highest thermal performance. A finite volume modeling technique is used to solve the governing equations and radiation heat transfer equations by using ANSYS Fluent. The experimental part was conducted in Baghdad / Iraq at latitude 33.3°. The presence of the metal foam absorber plate caused a significant decrease in the average temperatures of the heat-absorbent plate. The maximum airflow temperature was recorded with an inclined angle of 18◦. The metal foam as a heat-absorbent plate enhanced the efficiency and the output power of the SUTS to about 51.9% and 47.2% respectively compared to the traditional plate.","PeriodicalId":33282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135048573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：