Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667195
Waqas Afzal, Dr. Rizwan Alim Mufti
Due to the development of CPEC and increasing demand of transporting goods through the mountain ranges, need for improvement in torsional stiffness of chassis has developed. In Pakistan most of the trucks that transport goods have ladder frame chassis. In this research, study is performed to determine the optimum cross-section for cross member that will result in increased torsional and bending stiffness of ladder frame. For this research, firstly existing model with C channel for main member and cross member was analyzed using ANSYS Workbench to determine the torsional and bending stiffness. Torsional and bending stiffness for existing model was 1.6kNm/deg and 5447 kN/m respectively. This analysis was repeated for five different cross-sections of cross members that include I-beam, rectangular hollow and circular hollow, square hollow and hexagonal without changing the location of cross members and cross-section of main member was kept same. Results of the analysis showed that both the torsional and bending stiffness was highest for hexagonal hollow cross-section of cross member.
{"title":"Optimal Cross-section of Cross Member for Increased Torsional and Bending Stiffness of Ladder Frame Chassis","authors":"Waqas Afzal, Dr. Rizwan Alim Mufti","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667195","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the development of CPEC and increasing demand of transporting goods through the mountain ranges, need for improvement in torsional stiffness of chassis has developed. In Pakistan most of the trucks that transport goods have ladder frame chassis. In this research, study is performed to determine the optimum cross-section for cross member that will result in increased torsional and bending stiffness of ladder frame. For this research, firstly existing model with C channel for main member and cross member was analyzed using ANSYS Workbench to determine the torsional and bending stiffness. Torsional and bending stiffness for existing model was 1.6kNm/deg and 5447 kN/m respectively. This analysis was repeated for five different cross-sections of cross members that include I-beam, rectangular hollow and circular hollow, square hollow and hexagonal without changing the location of cross members and cross-section of main member was kept same. Results of the analysis showed that both the torsional and bending stiffness was highest for hexagonal hollow cross-section of cross member.","PeriodicalId":335329,"journal":{"name":"2019 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117257157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667237
M. Mahmood, H. Mir
Frequency diverse array using logarithmic frequency offset can produce a range-angle dependent non-periodic beampattern. In this paper, a frequency offset of logarithmic function based on binomial series expansion is used to provide a focused FDA transmit beampattern. Compared with the conventional single carrier logarithmic offset, the proposed method can steer energy at a particular target location with enhanced directivity. Simulation results, thus, corroborate improved target localization.
{"title":"Binomial Series Expansion of Frequency Offset for Synthesis of Frequency Diverse Array Beampattern","authors":"M. Mahmood, H. Mir","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667237","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency diverse array using logarithmic frequency offset can produce a range-angle dependent non-periodic beampattern. In this paper, a frequency offset of logarithmic function based on binomial series expansion is used to provide a focused FDA transmit beampattern. Compared with the conventional single carrier logarithmic offset, the proposed method can steer energy at a particular target location with enhanced directivity. Simulation results, thus, corroborate improved target localization.","PeriodicalId":335329,"journal":{"name":"2019 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST)","volume":"415 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117302850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667229
A. Durrani, M. Husnain, Ikramul Haq, Ulfat Batool, Fahimullah Khan
Rotavirus is the main cause of diarrhea in equines. Young foals at 6 month of age are mainly affected. The present study was carried out in KPK districts Peshawar, Charsada and Mardan. In this study total 600 animals were selected to observe the prevalence of positive percentage in equines in three districts. Fecal sample were collected from affected equines preserved in formalin and send to laboratory. Blood samples also collected for hematological examination and serum chemistry. For presence of rotavirus foal suffering from diarrhea were screened and examined by using commercially available ELISA kit. The results show that the rotavirus prevalence was 11.5% in district Peshawar, 14% in district Charsada and 18% in District Mardan. The rotavirus prevalence was 17.11% in female and 12.46% in males. The rotavirus prevalence was 16.32% in donkey foals 12.06% in horse foals. Hematological values and serological values of diarrheic foal are also observed in from 1st Month to 6th Month of age group. The results shows that hematological values like RBCs, PCV and Neutrophil values are increased from1st Month to 6th Month of age group of diarrheic foal and Hemoglobin, Lymphocytes, Basophil and Monocytes values are decreased in age group from 1stMonth to 6th month of age. WBCs and Eosinophil values remain normal in all age groups. Whereas the serological values, serum enzymes level and serum electrolyte level of the diarrheic foals were observed. The results shows that Creatinine, Bilirubin, Albumin, Urea Nitrogen, ALT, AST, GGT and Calcium ion values increased whereas Glucose, ALP, Sodium, Potassium and Chloride values decreased in age group of 1st Month to 6th Month. The present study is helpful to diagnose the cause of diarrhea in equines and helpful to treat the diarrheic foal.It is also helpful to observe the hematological, serum chemistry and serum electrolytes values in diarrheic foals.
{"title":"First Report of Equine Rotavirus Infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa","authors":"A. Durrani, M. Husnain, Ikramul Haq, Ulfat Batool, Fahimullah Khan","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667229","url":null,"abstract":"Rotavirus is the main cause of diarrhea in equines. Young foals at 6 month of age are mainly affected. The present study was carried out in KPK districts Peshawar, Charsada and Mardan. In this study total 600 animals were selected to observe the prevalence of positive percentage in equines in three districts. Fecal sample were collected from affected equines preserved in formalin and send to laboratory. Blood samples also collected for hematological examination and serum chemistry. For presence of rotavirus foal suffering from diarrhea were screened and examined by using commercially available ELISA kit. The results show that the rotavirus prevalence was 11.5% in district Peshawar, 14% in district Charsada and 18% in District Mardan. The rotavirus prevalence was 17.11% in female and 12.46% in males. The rotavirus prevalence was 16.32% in donkey foals 12.06% in horse foals. Hematological values and serological values of diarrheic foal are also observed in from 1st Month to 6th Month of age group. The results shows that hematological values like RBCs, PCV and Neutrophil values are increased from1st Month to 6th Month of age group of diarrheic foal and Hemoglobin, Lymphocytes, Basophil and Monocytes values are decreased in age group from 1stMonth to 6th month of age. WBCs and Eosinophil values remain normal in all age groups. Whereas the serological values, serum enzymes level and serum electrolyte level of the diarrheic foals were observed. The results shows that Creatinine, Bilirubin, Albumin, Urea Nitrogen, ALT, AST, GGT and Calcium ion values increased whereas Glucose, ALP, Sodium, Potassium and Chloride values decreased in age group of 1st Month to 6th Month. The present study is helpful to diagnose the cause of diarrhea in equines and helpful to treat the diarrheic foal.It is also helpful to observe the hematological, serum chemistry and serum electrolytes values in diarrheic foals.","PeriodicalId":335329,"journal":{"name":"2019 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123667349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667107
Ramsha Khan, Sofia Javed, A. Riaz, Muhammad Rabeel, M. Akram
Different morphologies of TiO2 were prepared successfully by microwave assisted sol-gel reflux synthesis. The synthesized samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). SEM studies showed that TiO2 changed its morphology over time under microwave irradiation and attained crystalline hierarchical nano-dendrites like morphology after 30 minutes of irradiation. Through the use of microwave assisted sol-gel reflux synthesis, crystalline nano-dendrites were obtained in 30 minutes. XRD pattern showed that anatase phase of TiO2 was being observed in all the samples after irradiation at different time intervals. UV-Vis spectroscopy results showed that all the prepared samples are highly active in UV region of solar spectrum. Also, EIS results demonstrate the recombination behavior of electrons and holes. The prepared samples were further employed as active photocatalysts for degradation of rhodamine B pollutant under UV light irradiation too.
{"title":"Study on Morphology of TiO2 Nanostructures synthesized under Microwave Irradiation and Their Application in Visible Light Photocatalysis","authors":"Ramsha Khan, Sofia Javed, A. Riaz, Muhammad Rabeel, M. Akram","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667107","url":null,"abstract":"Different morphologies of TiO2 were prepared successfully by microwave assisted sol-gel reflux synthesis. The synthesized samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). SEM studies showed that TiO2 changed its morphology over time under microwave irradiation and attained crystalline hierarchical nano-dendrites like morphology after 30 minutes of irradiation. Through the use of microwave assisted sol-gel reflux synthesis, crystalline nano-dendrites were obtained in 30 minutes. XRD pattern showed that anatase phase of TiO2 was being observed in all the samples after irradiation at different time intervals. UV-Vis spectroscopy results showed that all the prepared samples are highly active in UV region of solar spectrum. Also, EIS results demonstrate the recombination behavior of electrons and holes. The prepared samples were further employed as active photocatalysts for degradation of rhodamine B pollutant under UV light irradiation too.","PeriodicalId":335329,"journal":{"name":"2019 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123910214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667259
Hameedullah, H. Soomro, A. Habib, M. W. Akhtar
Telecommunication industry has many expectations from the 5G technology to enhance the telecommunication network. One major expectation is to entertain large number of users with very high data rate and the other is to deploy massive number of sensor to support several connections simultaneously. Transmitter and the receiver can be equipped with huge number of antennas due to the application of millimetre waves (mmWaves) in 5G cellular system. Ideally, a debit card can accommodate more than 160 antennas. This concept is known as doubly massive MIMO. At mmWaves, the physical propagation is characterised by a "clustered" channel model. In this paper, we build upon the previous work on clustered model and present the simulation results for linear time-variant (LTV) channel by incorporating the effects of mobility. Our work shows that the effect of mobility on the system performance is more prominent as compared to that of antennas.
{"title":"Spectral Efficiency Enhancement using Clustered LTV Channel Model in mmWave Doubly Massive MIMO System","authors":"Hameedullah, H. Soomro, A. Habib, M. W. Akhtar","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667259","url":null,"abstract":"Telecommunication industry has many expectations from the 5G technology to enhance the telecommunication network. One major expectation is to entertain large number of users with very high data rate and the other is to deploy massive number of sensor to support several connections simultaneously. Transmitter and the receiver can be equipped with huge number of antennas due to the application of millimetre waves (mmWaves) in 5G cellular system. Ideally, a debit card can accommodate more than 160 antennas. This concept is known as doubly massive MIMO. At mmWaves, the physical propagation is characterised by a \"clustered\" channel model. In this paper, we build upon the previous work on clustered model and present the simulation results for linear time-variant (LTV) channel by incorporating the effects of mobility. Our work shows that the effect of mobility on the system performance is more prominent as compared to that of antennas.","PeriodicalId":335329,"journal":{"name":"2019 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124647742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667153
Luqman Ahmed, J. Masud, Z. Toor
Small Stirling cryocoolers, with refrigeration capacities in the range of 0.5W to 5W, at cooling temperatures as low as 60K have found their way into the fields of aerospace, medical and energy. The present work is aimed at performance simulation of a gamma type, split-Stirling cryocooler using CFD. Simulation of the reciprocating flow inside a 2-D model of the cryocooler has been accomplished using the dynamic mesh technique in ANSYS Fluent. For this purpose, two separate User-Defined Functions (UDFs) have been compiled for the movement of piston and displacer. In order to operate the cryocooler based on the Stirling cycle an appropriate phase difference has been maintained between the piston and displacer movement. Linearly elastic solid model of the dynamic mesh technique has been adopted for mesh motion inside the displacer. This model is time intensive but proves to be appropriate for cyclic simulations. The mesh inside the working spaces is compressed and expanded proportionally avoiding the negative volume error that is often encountered in moving mesh problems. Temperature-dependent properties of the working fluid and matrix material have been incorporated by using appropriate coefficients of polynomial functions as a function of temperature. Area weighted temperature and pressure inside the compression and expansion spaces have been reported for the ANSYS Fluent simulations. It is shown that the modelled cryocooler can achieve a refrigeration temperature of 60K with a heat load of 0.75W. The results thus obtained have been compared with the experimental result and found to be in close conformance. The methodology adopted in the current work can be utilized to simulate the performance of a cryocooler and can be helpful in finding the optimum values of its operational parameters.
{"title":"Performance simulation of a Stirling cryocooler using CFD","authors":"Luqman Ahmed, J. Masud, Z. Toor","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667153","url":null,"abstract":"Small Stirling cryocoolers, with refrigeration capacities in the range of 0.5W to 5W, at cooling temperatures as low as 60K have found their way into the fields of aerospace, medical and energy. The present work is aimed at performance simulation of a gamma type, split-Stirling cryocooler using CFD. Simulation of the reciprocating flow inside a 2-D model of the cryocooler has been accomplished using the dynamic mesh technique in ANSYS Fluent. For this purpose, two separate User-Defined Functions (UDFs) have been compiled for the movement of piston and displacer. In order to operate the cryocooler based on the Stirling cycle an appropriate phase difference has been maintained between the piston and displacer movement. Linearly elastic solid model of the dynamic mesh technique has been adopted for mesh motion inside the displacer. This model is time intensive but proves to be appropriate for cyclic simulations. The mesh inside the working spaces is compressed and expanded proportionally avoiding the negative volume error that is often encountered in moving mesh problems. Temperature-dependent properties of the working fluid and matrix material have been incorporated by using appropriate coefficients of polynomial functions as a function of temperature. Area weighted temperature and pressure inside the compression and expansion spaces have been reported for the ANSYS Fluent simulations. It is shown that the modelled cryocooler can achieve a refrigeration temperature of 60K with a heat load of 0.75W. The results thus obtained have been compared with the experimental result and found to be in close conformance. The methodology adopted in the current work can be utilized to simulate the performance of a cryocooler and can be helpful in finding the optimum values of its operational parameters.","PeriodicalId":335329,"journal":{"name":"2019 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST)","volume":"43 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132869580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667151
Atif Mehmood, I. Shaikh, Ahsan Ali
This paper propose a comparative study of interleaved boost converter with different control techniques in discrete time domain, which includes discretized classical type three controller, discrete PID controller and discretized Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based Optimal type Three controller. Comparison have been made on the basis of settling time, Rise time, Steady state error and percentage overshoot. Interleaved Boost converter helps in producing suppress ripples of output voltages which helps in reducing size and cost of output filter and is better than simple Boost converter because of the presence of different parallel paths for power switching the Degree of Freedom (DOF) of IBC is increased but due to non-minimum phase issue its bandwidth of close-loop dynamics is limited that effects the converter Response and slower them. IBC can implemented on hardware which should be very cost effective and easy to handle, Classical type three controller, PID and PSO based Type three controller is being discretized and implemented with discretized IBC and the results is being carried out in MATLAB 16.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of Different Control Techniques on Interleaved Boost Converter in Discrete Time Domain","authors":"Atif Mehmood, I. Shaikh, Ahsan Ali","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667151","url":null,"abstract":"This paper propose a comparative study of interleaved boost converter with different control techniques in discrete time domain, which includes discretized classical type three controller, discrete PID controller and discretized Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based Optimal type Three controller. Comparison have been made on the basis of settling time, Rise time, Steady state error and percentage overshoot. Interleaved Boost converter helps in producing suppress ripples of output voltages which helps in reducing size and cost of output filter and is better than simple Boost converter because of the presence of different parallel paths for power switching the Degree of Freedom (DOF) of IBC is increased but due to non-minimum phase issue its bandwidth of close-loop dynamics is limited that effects the converter Response and slower them. IBC can implemented on hardware which should be very cost effective and easy to handle, Classical type three controller, PID and PSO based Type three controller is being discretized and implemented with discretized IBC and the results is being carried out in MATLAB 16.","PeriodicalId":335329,"journal":{"name":"2019 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST)","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123279734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667221
Hafiz Mughees Ahmad, S. Ghuffar, K. Khurshid
Breast Cancer is a most common form of cancer among women and life taking disease around the globe. Histopathological imaging is one of the methods for cancer diagnosis where Pathologists examine tissue cells under different microscopic standards but disagree on the final decision. This is a tiresome task and for that reason, Deep Neural Networks are being used for the supervised classification. We have used Breast Histology dataset having 240 training and 20 test images for classification of the histology images among four classes, i.e. Normal, Benign, In-situ carcinoma and Invasive carcinoma. The dataset was preprocessed for proper classification. We have applied transfer learning based on AlexNet, GoogleNet, and ResNet that can classify images at multiple cellular and nuclei configurations. This approach has resulted in 85% accuracy in case of ResNet as the highest among others and further research is being done to increase its efficiency and reduce the human dependency. The proposed design can also be enhanced for automation of other medical imaging methods.
{"title":"Classification of Breast Cancer Histology Images Using Transfer Learning","authors":"Hafiz Mughees Ahmad, S. Ghuffar, K. Khurshid","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667221","url":null,"abstract":"Breast Cancer is a most common form of cancer among women and life taking disease around the globe. Histopathological imaging is one of the methods for cancer diagnosis where Pathologists examine tissue cells under different microscopic standards but disagree on the final decision. This is a tiresome task and for that reason, Deep Neural Networks are being used for the supervised classification. We have used Breast Histology dataset having 240 training and 20 test images for classification of the histology images among four classes, i.e. Normal, Benign, In-situ carcinoma and Invasive carcinoma. The dataset was preprocessed for proper classification. We have applied transfer learning based on AlexNet, GoogleNet, and ResNet that can classify images at multiple cellular and nuclei configurations. This approach has resulted in 85% accuracy in case of ResNet as the highest among others and further research is being done to increase its efficiency and reduce the human dependency. The proposed design can also be enhanced for automation of other medical imaging methods.","PeriodicalId":335329,"journal":{"name":"2019 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133283479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667178
Y. Javed, Nadeem Shafi Khan
Control effectiveness is the potential of a control surface to change the aircraft attitude in pitch, roll or yaw. This effectiveness can be considerably reduced due to the twist of an elastic airfoil. The reduction due to flexibility of aerostructure subsequently results in complete loss of efficacy of a control surface, resulting in control reversal. This study investigates the roll effectiveness and reversal of a standard wing. Analytical model of a fighter aircraft wing is used for static aeroelasticity analysis. The finite element analysis is carried out to investigate structural deformations that are caused by steady aerodynamic forces. Control surface effectiveness values were measured from the rolling moment stability derivatives. Reversal behavior for the selected geometric structure was studied and essential equations are developed. An algorithm is developed in NASTRAN and executed in FEMAP software for static aeroelasticity analysis of the model. Wing is considered to be flying in an incompressible air with nil Mach number and a specific value of dynamic pressure. Effects of different dynamic pressure values and variable size of control surface are examined. Results obtained through the software are tabulated and plotted to get a fair idea for roll behavior and reversal point of the control surface. Same was then compared with the theoretical results on the subject and are found in good agreement.
{"title":"Estimation of Rolling Effectiveness and Control Reversal for Aeroelasticity Effects","authors":"Y. Javed, Nadeem Shafi Khan","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667178","url":null,"abstract":"Control effectiveness is the potential of a control surface to change the aircraft attitude in pitch, roll or yaw. This effectiveness can be considerably reduced due to the twist of an elastic airfoil. The reduction due to flexibility of aerostructure subsequently results in complete loss of efficacy of a control surface, resulting in control reversal. This study investigates the roll effectiveness and reversal of a standard wing. Analytical model of a fighter aircraft wing is used for static aeroelasticity analysis. The finite element analysis is carried out to investigate structural deformations that are caused by steady aerodynamic forces. Control surface effectiveness values were measured from the rolling moment stability derivatives. Reversal behavior for the selected geometric structure was studied and essential equations are developed. An algorithm is developed in NASTRAN and executed in FEMAP software for static aeroelasticity analysis of the model. Wing is considered to be flying in an incompressible air with nil Mach number and a specific value of dynamic pressure. Effects of different dynamic pressure values and variable size of control surface are examined. Results obtained through the software are tabulated and plotted to get a fair idea for roll behavior and reversal point of the control surface. Same was then compared with the theoretical results on the subject and are found in good agreement.","PeriodicalId":335329,"journal":{"name":"2019 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134211023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Operating, maintaining, and upgrading legacy systems are the foremost challenges which are being faced by many organizations today. Usually, these systems are based on outdated technologies, have limited documentation, and actual developers are unavailable. It is risky to upgrade black-box legacy systems without knowing their internal structures. In this paper, we have proposed an approach which is based on the state of the art dynamic analysis technique known as Model Learning, a reverse engineering approach, to infer the behavioral models of legacy systems. We prepared and utilized our test-bed for black-box vending machines (considered as legacy systems) to learn the behavioral models of all the software modules embedded in vending machines. The in-depth analysis of learned models is helpful in the operation, up-gradation, and maintenance of the legacy system. The experimental results reveal that our proposed approach is very auspicious to modernize the legacy components and explore the concealed structures of the black-box systems automatically.
{"title":"Testing-based Model Learning Approach for Legacy Components","authors":"Shahbaz Ali, Hailong Sun, Yongwang Zhao, Naveed Akram","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667149","url":null,"abstract":"Operating, maintaining, and upgrading legacy systems are the foremost challenges which are being faced by many organizations today. Usually, these systems are based on outdated technologies, have limited documentation, and actual developers are unavailable. It is risky to upgrade black-box legacy systems without knowing their internal structures. In this paper, we have proposed an approach which is based on the state of the art dynamic analysis technique known as Model Learning, a reverse engineering approach, to infer the behavioral models of legacy systems. We prepared and utilized our test-bed for black-box vending machines (considered as legacy systems) to learn the behavioral models of all the software modules embedded in vending machines. The in-depth analysis of learned models is helpful in the operation, up-gradation, and maintenance of the legacy system. The experimental results reveal that our proposed approach is very auspicious to modernize the legacy components and explore the concealed structures of the black-box systems automatically.","PeriodicalId":335329,"journal":{"name":"2019 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114348437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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