This paper presents a literature review and a specification for a Cost-Benefit model applied to substance abuse treatment programs. It is important in adapting a model that is not only theoretically and methodologically sound, but also seeks to utilize the best existing cost benefit analysis techniques. Ideas, concepts, and procedures found in other studies are used to support the model developed. Model specification involves the determination of the appropriate variables and statistical techniques, keeping in mind the data most readily available from the programs intended for analysis. Cost-benefit analysis is commonly used to provide guidance to policy makers when considering appropriate projects to fund.
{"title":"Cost- Benefit Model For Substance Abuse Treatment Programs","authors":"C. Parker, Tom Johansen","doi":"10.58809/jaep5188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/jaep5188","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a literature review and a specification for a Cost-Benefit model applied to substance abuse treatment programs. It is important in adapting a model that is not only theoretically and methodologically sound, but also seeks to utilize the best existing cost benefit analysis techniques. Ideas, concepts, and procedures found in other studies are used to support the model developed. Model specification involves the determination of the appropriate variables and statistical techniques, keeping in mind the data most readily available from the programs intended for analysis. Cost-benefit analysis is commonly used to provide guidance to policy makers when considering appropriate projects to fund.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129771604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moral imagination (MI) is described as the ability to challenge operative worldviews in order to discover new ways of framing ethical problems and moral perspective taking. Because operative worldviews can contain implicit bias, MI helps individuals reach beyond their own "ways of knowing" to seek alternative perspectives and find innovative ways to solve ethical problems. This article describes a graduate level ethics curriculum designed to develop moral imagination in leadership students, and ultimately help them make ethical decisions within the context of their organizations. The article also reports results of a concurrent, evaluative qualitative study designed to gather student reflections as they attempt to learn and apply moral imagination in practice.
{"title":"Teaching Ethics: Expanding Ethical Perspectives By Cultivating Moral Imagination","authors":"A. Popa, B. Kingsley","doi":"10.58809/iecb7586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/iecb7586","url":null,"abstract":"Moral imagination (MI) is described as the ability to challenge operative worldviews in order to discover new ways of framing ethical problems and moral perspective taking. Because operative worldviews can contain implicit bias, MI helps individuals reach beyond their own \"ways of knowing\" to seek alternative perspectives and find innovative ways to solve ethical problems. This article describes a graduate level ethics curriculum designed to develop moral imagination in leadership students, and ultimately help them make ethical decisions within the context of their organizations. The article also reports results of a concurrent, evaluative qualitative study designed to gather student reflections as they attempt to learn and apply moral imagination in practice.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128291923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the 1990s, the U.S. experienced a shift in job creation: large U.S. businesses laid off approximately 10 million workers, while entrepreneurs and small businesses created 20 million jobs during the same decade. Given this shift in job creation, it is clear that entrepreneurship is the new foundation of the U.S. economy. Rural communities, in particular, should be concerned about stimulating entrepreneurship given current challenges, such as declining and aging populations, loss of traditional industry, and declining wages. Entrepreneurial development is vital to the future success and growth of rural economies. The purpose of this study is to report the results of a survey which measured the entrepreneurial capacity of students at a university in rural Kansas. We then draw conclusions about the role universities can play in developing students to become entrepreneurs and creating innovative communities.
{"title":"Assessing Student Entrepreneurial Capacity: Implications For Rural Communities and Higher Education","authors":"M. C. Martin, Henry Schwaller Iv","doi":"10.58809/lbjd8313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/lbjd8313","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1990s, the U.S. experienced a shift in job creation: large U.S. businesses laid off approximately 10 million workers, while entrepreneurs and small businesses created 20 million jobs during the same decade. Given this shift in job creation, it is clear that entrepreneurship is the new foundation of the U.S. economy. Rural communities, in particular, should be concerned about stimulating entrepreneurship given current challenges, such as declining and aging populations, loss of traditional industry, and declining wages. Entrepreneurial development is vital to the future success and growth of rural economies. The purpose of this study is to report the results of a survey which measured the entrepreneurial capacity of students at a university in rural Kansas. We then draw conclusions about the role universities can play in developing students to become entrepreneurs and creating innovative communities.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129993873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was performed on the managerial staff and supervisors of a large manufacturing plant (n = 129) to measure individuals’ commitment to the organization’s values. A Behavioral Observation Scale (BOS) measurement instrument was developed by the members of the organization and was administered using a 360 degree valuation process. Results indicated good scale reliability and consistency. A factor analysis of the data yielded 4 distinct factors, which corresponded reasonably well to the underlying organizational values. Implications for future research and for the evaluation of organizational values for practicing managers are discussed.
{"title":"Do Managers Walk The Talk? Using Behavioral Observations Scales (BOS) and 360-Degree Ratings To Assess Organizational Values","authors":"Aaron A. Buchko, Kathleen J. Buchko","doi":"10.58809/xcbt3406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/xcbt3406","url":null,"abstract":"A study was performed on the managerial staff and supervisors of a large manufacturing plant (n = 129) to measure individuals’ commitment to the organization’s values. A Behavioral Observation Scale (BOS) measurement instrument was developed by the members of the organization and was administered using a 360 degree valuation process. Results indicated good scale reliability and consistency. A factor analysis of the data yielded 4 distinct factors, which corresponded reasonably well to the underlying organizational values. Implications for future research and for the evaluation of organizational values for practicing managers are discussed.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122370555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Equity options are listed on the American Stock Exchange Board Options Exchange, Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Pacific Stock Exchange, International Securities Exchange, and Boston Stock Exchange. This study identified the criteria for selection of options for listing over tile August-September 1999, 2000-2002, and 2003-2005 periods. Trading volume and size were the primary selection criteria for all three periods. Volatility was a selection criterion during the preperiod (1 997- 1998) only. No clearly defined selection criteria emerged for listings on the third exchange in 2000-2002 or on two or three exchanging in 2003-2005.
{"title":"Listing Criteria For The Multiple Listing of Equity Options","authors":"R. Abraham, Charles W. Harrington","doi":"10.58809/fbup8584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/fbup8584","url":null,"abstract":"Equity options are listed on the American Stock Exchange Board Options Exchange, Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Pacific Stock Exchange, International Securities Exchange, and Boston Stock Exchange. This study identified the criteria for selection of options for listing over tile August-September 1999, 2000-2002, and 2003-2005 periods. Trading volume and size were the primary selection criteria for all three periods. Volatility was a selection criterion during the preperiod (1 997- 1998) only. No clearly defined selection criteria emerged for listings on the third exchange in 2000-2002 or on two or three exchanging in 2003-2005.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121036543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the frequency and distribution of requirements placed on communication managers within recruitment advertisements. The characteristics of recruitment advertisements seeking entry to mid-level communications managers within the Midwest region of the United States were divided into several categories including years of experience, formal education, and educational accreditation status. These categories were analyzed to identify trends and produce conclusions. The conclusions presented with the article indicate employers seek well-rounded and multi-faceted candidates, but overlook educational accreditation as a prerequisite for employment. Additionally, the article evidences both formal education and years of experience as an enhancement to a job seeker's qualifications within workforce. The results of the current study prove valuable in providing information about the field of communications, the job market, general hiring processes, and the workforce. This article recommends further research in job market analysis with emphasis on educational accreditation and its impact on the workforce, job market, and economy.
{"title":"A Communications Manager's Qualifications To Enter The Work Force: The Frequency and Distribution of Requirements","authors":"Alison N. Berry","doi":"10.58809/yiin9091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/yiin9091","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the frequency and distribution of requirements placed on communication managers within recruitment advertisements. The characteristics of recruitment advertisements seeking entry to mid-level communications managers within the Midwest region of the United States were divided into several categories including years of experience, formal education, and educational accreditation status. These categories were analyzed to identify trends and produce conclusions. The conclusions presented with the article indicate employers seek well-rounded and multi-faceted candidates, but overlook educational accreditation as a prerequisite for employment. Additionally, the article evidences both formal education and years of experience as an enhancement to a job seeker's qualifications within workforce. The results of the current study prove valuable in providing information about the field of communications, the job market, general hiring processes, and the workforce. This article recommends further research in job market analysis with emphasis on educational accreditation and its impact on the workforce, job market, and economy.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117329104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between supportive climate and organizational commitment as mediated by trust and employee engagement. In a field test of 243 engineers and technicians from a Fortune 100 multinational firm, participants completed surveys about their organization's supportive climate, trust in their organization's leadership, affective organizational commitment, and engagement. Support for all hypotheses was found: (1) positive relationship between supportive climate and organizational commitment, and both (2) trust and (3) employee engagement mediated the climate-commitment relationship. Limitations of this study include generalizability of findings and common method bias. In human capital intensive industries, the value of human resources is measured in behavioral manifestations (e.g. turnover) of low trust, engagement, commitment, and a less than supportive work environment. By understanding the relationships among those variables managers can actively manage their human capital.
{"title":"A Study of Supportive Climate, Trust, Engagement and organizational Commitment","authors":"L. Hughes, James Avey, Steven M. Norman","doi":"10.58809/boou2138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/boou2138","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between supportive climate and organizational commitment as mediated by trust and employee engagement. In a field test of 243 engineers and technicians from a Fortune 100 multinational firm, participants completed surveys about their organization's supportive climate, trust in their organization's leadership, affective organizational commitment, and engagement. Support for all hypotheses was found: (1) positive relationship between supportive climate and organizational commitment, and both (2) trust and (3) employee engagement mediated the climate-commitment relationship. Limitations of this study include generalizability of findings and common method bias. In human capital intensive industries, the value of human resources is measured in behavioral manifestations (e.g. turnover) of low trust, engagement, commitment, and a less than supportive work environment. By understanding the relationships among those variables managers can actively manage their human capital.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123555042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces a teaching methodology for business ethics based, in part on the institute for Global Ethics’ Ethical Fitness model which utilizes “right versus right” paradigms to identify and analyze ethical dilemmas. Whereas the Ethical Fitness model finds clarity in the identification of what is “right”, this paper suggests that students will encounter and observe numerous situations in business where there is little clarity available for such a determination. Therefore, this discussion suggests that students probe cognitive dissonance: the tension between two ideas or beliefs that creates the tendency human beings have to justify their actions and decisions, and develop self-serving values definitions. To better appreciate the root of an individual’s self justification, this discussion proposes that students utilize Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as a context for determining , or at least understanding, why actors who make unethical decisions see those decisions, at one point in the decision-making process, as “right”.
{"title":"An Alternative Instructional Method For Business Ethics: Examining The Role and Rationalization of What Is \"Right\"","authors":"B. Richardson","doi":"10.58809/adrw5786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/adrw5786","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a teaching methodology for business ethics based, in part on the institute for Global Ethics’ Ethical Fitness model which utilizes “right versus right” paradigms to identify and analyze ethical dilemmas. Whereas the Ethical Fitness model finds clarity in the identification of what is “right”, this paper suggests that students will encounter and observe numerous situations in business where there is little clarity available for such a determination. Therefore, this discussion suggests that students probe cognitive dissonance: the tension between two ideas or beliefs that creates the tendency human beings have to justify their actions and decisions, and develop self-serving values definitions. To better appreciate the root of an individual’s self justification, this discussion proposes that students utilize Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as a context for determining , or at least understanding, why actors who make unethical decisions see those decisions, at one point in the decision-making process, as “right”.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121999813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globalization of the marketplace and tile intense competition among multinational corporations makes attainment of organizational goals an imperative. Furthermore, an increasingly culturally diverse workforce challenges twenty-first century leaders to manage employees in ways to maximize desired organizational outcomes. This study investigates the relationships between cultural value variations, transformational leadership, and work-related outcomes. Managers at all levels of the organization will benefit from insights into what motivates workers to higher levels of performance.
{"title":"Transformational Leadership and Cultural Values: Are They Related To Desired organizational Outcomes?","authors":"Josephine Sosa-Fey, Barbara Dastoor","doi":"10.58809/xisr1015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/xisr1015","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization of the marketplace and tile intense competition among multinational corporations makes attainment of organizational goals an imperative. Furthermore, an increasingly culturally diverse workforce challenges twenty-first century leaders to manage employees in ways to maximize desired organizational outcomes. This study investigates the relationships between cultural value variations, transformational leadership, and work-related outcomes. Managers at all levels of the organization will benefit from insights into what motivates workers to higher levels of performance.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125203662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study used meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between leadership style and job performance in sales settings. Specifically, the research investigates whether transformational or transactional leadership is more appropriate in creating a high performing sales environment. Results indicate that transformational leadership is positively and significantly related to salesperson’s job performance, whereas the relationship between transactional leadership and job performance is mixed. Also, results suggest that the relationship between transformational leadership and job performance is stronger when subjective, rather than objective, measures of job performance are used.
{"title":"Transform or Transact? Which Leader Gets Better Results? A Meta - Analysis","authors":"J. Mulki, Fernando Jaramillo, William B. Locander","doi":"10.58809/puhg3509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/puhg3509","url":null,"abstract":"This study used meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between leadership style and job performance in sales settings. Specifically, the research investigates whether transformational or transactional leadership is more appropriate in creating a high performing sales environment. Results indicate that transformational leadership is positively and significantly related to salesperson’s job performance, whereas the relationship between transactional leadership and job performance is mixed. Also, results suggest that the relationship between transformational leadership and job performance is stronger when subjective, rather than objective, measures of job performance are used.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"127 21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128025797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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