This paper takes a closer look Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), focusing on firms are practicing it as well as the theoretical arguments for it. It begins by exploring the diversity that exists in the understanding of CSR - ranging from the view that it should be limited to the voluntary activities of firms to those views that embrace social activity. The aim here is to clarify the concept of CSR and to better appreciate the CSR activities of firms. Subsequently, the paper proposes eight major arguments for CSR, which include four traditional arguments and four newer ones. Judging from what firms are undertaking as CSR, the paper concludes that many corporations have taken a rather brought view of CSR and that is why the arguments for CSR must go beyond the traditional arguments. It would, therefore, only be CSR activities of firms are actually influencing the development or evolution of CSR theory.
{"title":"Practice Influencing Theory: A Review of The Definition, Practice, & Arguments For CSR","authors":"J. Asongu","doi":"10.58809/jhkz2421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/jhkz2421","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes a closer look Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), focusing on firms are practicing it as well as the theoretical arguments for it. It begins by exploring the diversity that exists in the understanding of CSR - ranging from the view that it should be limited to the voluntary activities of firms to those views that embrace social activity. The aim here is to clarify the concept of CSR and to better appreciate the CSR activities of firms. Subsequently, the paper proposes eight major arguments for CSR, which include four traditional arguments and four newer ones. Judging from what firms are undertaking as CSR, the paper concludes that many corporations have taken a rather brought view of CSR and that is why the arguments for CSR must go beyond the traditional arguments. It would, therefore, only be CSR activities of firms are actually influencing the development or evolution of CSR theory.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134525881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emotional intelligence has received increased attention in recent years. Much of this attention is due to research that supports a direct relationship between emotional intelligence and positive organizational behaviors. However, little research has investigated the moderating effects of emotional intelligence. This paper addresses this gap in the literature by investigating the moderating effect of emotional intelligence tilt the emotional labor and burnout relationship. Results support significant direct relationships of both emotional labor and emotional intelligence on burnout. The self-awareness dimension of emotional intelligence also moderated the emotional labor and burnout relationship. Implications f or research and practice are discussed.
{"title":"An Exploratory Investigation Into The Moderating Effect of Emotional Intelligence On The Emotional Labor and Burnout Relationship","authors":"W. A. Scroggins, Suzanne L Ray, E. Rozell","doi":"10.58809/ueuz1080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/ueuz1080","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional intelligence has received increased attention in recent years. Much of this attention is due to research that supports a direct relationship between emotional intelligence and positive organizational behaviors. However, little research has investigated the moderating effects of emotional intelligence. This paper addresses this gap in the literature by investigating the moderating effect of emotional intelligence tilt the emotional labor and burnout relationship. Results support significant direct relationships of both emotional labor and emotional intelligence on burnout. The self-awareness dimension of emotional intelligence also moderated the emotional labor and burnout relationship. Implications f or research and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133277934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2007 Symposium Announcement","authors":"N. Null","doi":"10.58809/zucf7591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/zucf7591","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">null</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114132691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article seeks to extend the existing literature on escalation of commitment by presenting an integrative model of the escalation process. Individual, organizational, and contextual predators jointly influence either decision to commit additional resources to an existing course of action or to withdraw and pursue alternative opportunities. Specifically, realization of past losses and the extent to which the individual is identified with the original decision moderate the relationship between the individual’s risk preferences and risk propensity. In turn, the escalation decision follows from risk propensity, but various organizational and contextual predictors either increase or decrease the strength of the relationship. The model’s implications for theory and practice are discussed.
{"title":"Escalation of Commitment: An Integrative Model of Individual, Organizational, and Contextual PR Editors","authors":"William J. Donoher","doi":"10.58809/nitf6064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/nitf6064","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to extend the existing literature on escalation of commitment by presenting an integrative model of the escalation process. Individual, organizational, and contextual predators jointly influence either decision to commit additional resources to an existing course of action or to withdraw and pursue alternative opportunities. Specifically, realization of past losses and the extent to which the individual is identified with the original decision moderate the relationship between the individual’s risk preferences and risk propensity. In turn, the escalation decision follows from risk propensity, but various organizational and contextual predictors either increase or decrease the strength of the relationship. The model’s implications for theory and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123753997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes the efficient markets hypothesis for the major NAFTA financial indices. The results suggest that the simple return for all three indices is generally uncorrelated. The non-linear transformations of the simple return info its absolute and squared value behaved much differently however. Here, the statistics calculated provided considerable evidence to suggest that these transformations of the returns are predictable to a large degree. Ignoring the sign of the return helps greatly in predicting the direction of the series. Also, all of the series in this transformation, but one, had estimated fractional parameters that would indicate the presence of long memory. Thus, it could be concluded that volatility is a long run predictable process.
{"title":"Analysis of The Financial Indices of The NAFTA Member Countries","authors":"Rafiqul Bhuyan, Andrija Popović, Yoshi Fukasawa","doi":"10.58809/dpti1635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/dpti1635","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the efficient markets hypothesis for the major NAFTA financial indices. The results suggest that the simple return for all three indices is generally uncorrelated. The non-linear transformations of the simple return info its absolute and squared value behaved much differently however. Here, the statistics calculated provided considerable evidence to suggest that these transformations of the returns are predictable to a large degree. Ignoring the sign of the return helps greatly in predicting the direction of the series. Also, all of the series in this transformation, but one, had estimated fractional parameters that would indicate the presence of long memory. Thus, it could be concluded that volatility is a long run predictable process.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125439933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reports on the use of outdoor experiential training as a methodology for accelerating the group citizenship and leadership behaviors of undergraduate students. Using the emotional intelligence foundational skills of interpersonal competence and intrapersonal insight as a frame of reference for skill acquisition and measurement, it outlines the results of a self-assessment instrument and a small group problem solving exercise. Students reported a significant increase in group citizenship skills and the problem solving exercise indicated behavioral manifestations of these skills. The importance of incorporating the lessons of outdoor experiential training into an engaged classroom environment, mythological limitations, and opportunities for further research are discussed.
{"title":"Using Outdoor Experiential Training To Stimulate Emotional Intelligence Competencies and Group Leadership Skills Among Undergraduate Students","authors":"D. Noer, Rex Waters","doi":"10.58809/alzy4416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/alzy4416","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports on the use of outdoor experiential training as a methodology for accelerating the group citizenship and leadership behaviors of undergraduate students. Using the emotional intelligence foundational skills of interpersonal competence and intrapersonal insight as a frame of reference for skill acquisition and measurement, it outlines the results of a self-assessment instrument and a small group problem solving exercise. Students reported a significant increase in group citizenship skills and the problem solving exercise indicated behavioral manifestations of these skills. The importance of incorporating the lessons of outdoor experiential training into an engaged classroom environment, mythological limitations, and opportunities for further research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130097819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although researchers have debated the ethicality of bluffing in business, little research has examined individuals’ attitudes and beliefs towards bluffing and how characteristics of the individual influence such perceptions and subsequent behavior. We consider this issue by examining how individuals’ ethical orientation influences their perceptions of the ethicality of bluffing select organizational stakeholders, their willingness to bluff, and their actual bluffing behavior. Results indicate that ethical orientation exerts direct effects on the perceived ethicality of bluffing and indirect effects on individuals’ reported willingness to engage in this misleading form of communication as well as their actual bluffing behavior. Implications for their practice and research are discussed.
{"title":"The Ethics of Bluffing: The Effects of Individual Differences On Perceived Ethicality and Bluffing Behavior","authors":"G. Alder, Rebecca Guidice","doi":"10.58809/subm8903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/subm8903","url":null,"abstract":"Although researchers have debated the ethicality of bluffing in business, little research has examined individuals’ attitudes and beliefs towards bluffing and how characteristics of the individual influence such perceptions and subsequent behavior. We consider this issue by examining how individuals’ ethical orientation influences their perceptions of the ethicality of bluffing select organizational stakeholders, their willingness to bluff, and their actual bluffing behavior. Results indicate that ethical orientation exerts direct effects on the perceived ethicality of bluffing and indirect effects on individuals’ reported willingness to engage in this misleading form of communication as well as their actual bluffing behavior. Implications for their practice and research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130241467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a simple approach to Modern Portfolio Theory that makes the process more understandable and accessible to students. The methodology is a five-step process that begins with the calculation of mean returns, excess returns, betas, unsystematic risk, and excess returns over beta and then systematically ranks a set of funds to determine a supper-efficient optimal portfolio. Data from the TIAA-CREF family of funds was employed in this study but the analysis can be applied to any distinct set of mutual funds. This linear optimization methodology, based on the Elton, Gruber, Brown, and Goetzmann (2003) methodology, is a straightforward tool that can be used to teach students the underlying constructs of modern portfolio theory because it enables the students to learn by performing the analysis themselves. This research will also benefit mutual fund investors because it can be widely applied to help investors make better asset allocation decisions.
{"title":"A Simple Approach To Determining The Super-Efficient Investment Portfolio","authors":"J. Grover, Angeline M. Lavin, N. Null","doi":"10.58809/wnxr3958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/wnxr3958","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simple approach to Modern Portfolio Theory that makes the process more understandable and accessible to students. The methodology is a five-step process that begins with the calculation of mean returns, excess returns, betas, unsystematic risk, and excess returns over beta and then systematically ranks a set of funds to determine a supper-efficient optimal portfolio. Data from the TIAA-CREF family of funds was employed in this study but the analysis can be applied to any distinct set of mutual funds. This linear optimization methodology, based on the Elton, Gruber, Brown, and Goetzmann (2003) methodology, is a straightforward tool that can be used to teach students the underlying constructs of modern portfolio theory because it enables the students to learn by performing the analysis themselves. This research will also benefit mutual fund investors because it can be widely applied to help investors make better asset allocation decisions.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129999127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Outcome information has been shown to have a significant impact on performance evaluations in a wide variety of decision settings. Studies of outcome effects on performance evaluation typically examine a one-time decision. Often, however, managers must repeatedly evaluate performance. This study examines how outcome information affects the revision of multiple performance evaluations over time. The results have important implications for research into the sensitivity of evaluators to the sequence of the receipt of positive and negative information. Implications of these results for performance evaluation in multiple areas of business are discussed.
{"title":"Effect of Outcome Knowledge On Repeated Performance Evaluations","authors":"Russell Calk, Maryanne M. Mowen","doi":"10.58809/cxra3757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/cxra3757","url":null,"abstract":"Outcome information has been shown to have a significant impact on performance evaluations in a wide variety of decision settings. Studies of outcome effects on performance evaluation typically examine a one-time decision. Often, however, managers must repeatedly evaluate performance. This study examines how outcome information affects the revision of multiple performance evaluations over time. The results have important implications for research into the sensitivity of evaluators to the sequence of the receipt of positive and negative information. Implications of these results for performance evaluation in multiple areas of business are discussed.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129415686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark T. Green, Esther Chavez, Debra Lopez, Florelisa Y. Gonzalez
Meta-analytic studies have found that men and women are different in areas such as how they approach morality, forgiveness and leadership, Similarly, meta-analyses have found that increased education is related to increased self-esteem, job attitudes and social capital, In this study, 577 working adults from the state of Texas completed the Project Globe Leadership Questionnaire. The participants indicated to what degree 24 leadership behaviors contributed to or inhibited outstanding leadership. This study found that both gender and education were related to the intensity with which participants believed particular leadership characteristics contributed to and inhibited outstanding leadership. Women held stronger opinions than men about the benefits of five aspects of leadership generally considered to contribute to outstanding leadership: integrity, team-oriented, participative, humane-oriented and diplomatic, Women also held stronger opinions about the liabilities of four aspects generally considered to inhibit outstanding leadership: conflict inducer, self-protective, autocratic and malevolent. Formal education was related to stronger ratings of the importance of integrity, charisma, performance and team orientation. Formal education was also related to stronger ratings of the degree to which self-protective, face-saving, autocratic, self-centered and malevolent behaviors inhibit outstanding leadership.
{"title":"The Impact of Education, Gender, Age and Leadership Experience On Preferences In Leadership","authors":"Mark T. Green, Esther Chavez, Debra Lopez, Florelisa Y. Gonzalez","doi":"10.58809/jkzl9349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58809/jkzl9349","url":null,"abstract":"Meta-analytic studies have found that men and women are different in areas such as how they approach morality, forgiveness and leadership, Similarly, meta-analyses have found that increased education is related to increased self-esteem, job attitudes and social capital, In this study, 577 working adults from the state of Texas completed the Project Globe Leadership Questionnaire. The participants indicated to what degree 24 leadership behaviors contributed to or inhibited outstanding leadership. This study found that both gender and education were related to the intensity with which participants believed particular leadership characteristics contributed to and inhibited outstanding leadership. Women held stronger opinions than men about the benefits of five aspects of leadership generally considered to contribute to outstanding leadership: integrity, team-oriented, participative, humane-oriented and diplomatic, Women also held stronger opinions about the liabilities of four aspects generally considered to inhibit outstanding leadership: conflict inducer, self-protective, autocratic and malevolent. Formal education was related to stronger ratings of the importance of integrity, charisma, performance and team orientation. Formal education was also related to stronger ratings of the degree to which self-protective, face-saving, autocratic, self-centered and malevolent behaviors inhibit outstanding leadership.","PeriodicalId":335449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business and Leadership","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129794349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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