Pub Date : 2024-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.01.004
Maged Zagow , Marwa Elbany , Ahmed Mahmoud Darwish
Understanding the factors contributing to CO2 emissions is pivotal for informed policy-making and sustainable urban development. This study probes the interconnections between urban attributes, transportation patterns, and socioeconomic factors concerning CO2 emissions using Decision Tree analysis across a substantial dataset of US zip codes. The dataset was carefully prepared to ensure accuracy and relevance, considering temporal, geographical, and socioeconomic heterogeneity. The Decision Tree algorithm was applied iteratively to evaluate variable interactions and identify critical thresholds that influence carbon emissions. The findings of this study shed light on the key drivers of CO2 emissions across US zip codes. The analysis reveals significant variations in the relative importance of different factors in different regions, emphasizing the need for localized and tailored strategies to address carbon reduction targets effectively. The research provides a more holistic understanding that can drive effective urban planning and energy policies, ultimately contributing to the global effort to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change. The findings from this research underscore the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in addressing environmental challenges and highlight the necessity for continuous innovation in analytical methodologies to keep pace with the evolving urban landscapes.
{"title":"Identifying urban, transportation, and socioeconomic characteristics across US zip codes affecting CO2 emissions: A decision tree analysis","authors":"Maged Zagow , Marwa Elbany , Ahmed Mahmoud Darwish","doi":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the factors contributing to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions is pivotal for informed policy-making and sustainable urban development. This study probes the interconnections between urban attributes, transportation patterns, and socioeconomic factors concerning CO<sub>2</sub> emissions using Decision Tree analysis across a substantial dataset of US zip codes. The dataset was carefully prepared to ensure accuracy and relevance, considering temporal, geographical, and socioeconomic heterogeneity. The Decision Tree algorithm was applied iteratively to evaluate variable interactions and identify critical thresholds that influence carbon emissions. The findings of this study shed light on the key drivers of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions across US zip codes. The analysis reveals significant variations in the relative importance of different factors in different regions, emphasizing the need for localized and tailored strategies to address carbon reduction targets effectively. The research provides a more holistic understanding that can drive effective urban planning and energy policies, ultimately contributing to the global effort to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change. The findings from this research underscore the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in addressing environmental challenges and highlight the necessity for continuous innovation in analytical methodologies to keep pace with the evolving urban landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33659,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Built Environment","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 484-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139635735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.01.005
Xiaojie Lin , Ning Zhang , Zheng Luo , Encheng Feng , Wei Zhong
As the improvement of district heating systems, the fine-tuning of operational equipment has become a promising direction. However, in the practical district heating systems, relying solely on manual control and the existing basic models, the dynamic hydraulic-thermal process is hard to cover. Consequently, the primary side control in the current district heating system mainly results in the over or under-supply of heating substations. This article constructs a dynamic hydraulic-thermal model and performs a balanced operation strategies optimization based on the hydraulic-thermal model. The linearization and iterative optimization process are adopted to simplify the hydraulic and thermal modeling for the single pipe, and the hydraulic and thermal calculation are conducted sequentially. For the primary side network in the various operation conditions, the dynamic hydraulic-thermal model is established. The heating supply imbalance of the primary side return temperatures among different heating substations is defined and optimized based on the dynamic hydraulic-thermal model and the particle swarm optimization algorithm. In the case analysis, the results of heating supply imbalance before and after optimization are 0.81 K and 0.47 K, respectively, with a 42.0 % reduction in heating imbalances after optimization. The proposed method could contribute to the fine-tuning of heating substations and the reduction of energy waste due to the imbalanced heating supply, which is significant for the operation strategies of district heating systems.
{"title":"Balanced operation strategies of district heating systems based on dynamic hydraulic-thermal modeling","authors":"Xiaojie Lin , Ning Zhang , Zheng Luo , Encheng Feng , Wei Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the improvement of district heating systems, the fine-tuning of operational equipment has become a promising direction. However, in the practical district heating systems, relying solely on manual control and the existing basic models, the dynamic hydraulic-thermal process is hard to cover. Consequently, the primary side control in the current district heating system mainly results in the over or under-supply of heating substations. This article constructs a dynamic hydraulic-thermal model and performs a balanced operation strategies optimization based on the hydraulic-thermal model. The linearization and iterative optimization process are adopted to simplify the hydraulic and thermal modeling for the single pipe, and the hydraulic and thermal calculation are conducted sequentially. For the primary side network in the various operation conditions, the dynamic hydraulic-thermal model is established. The heating supply imbalance of the primary side return temperatures among different heating substations is defined and optimized based on the dynamic hydraulic-thermal model and the particle swarm optimization algorithm. In the case analysis, the results of heating supply imbalance before and after optimization are 0.81 K and 0.47 K, respectively, with a 42.0 % reduction in heating imbalances after optimization. The proposed method could contribute to the fine-tuning of heating substations and the reduction of energy waste due to the imbalanced heating supply, which is significant for the operation strategies of district heating systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33659,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Built Environment","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 466-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139634231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.01.003
Safna Nishad , Mabrouk Ouederni , Igor Krupa
The phase change material (PCM)-integrated solar water heaters have great potential to save energy by utilizing renewable resources and to extend working hours even after sunsets. The PCM composites fabricated with recycled waste products lead to the circular economy which would contribute significantly to the sustainable development goals. In this work, Tetra Pak waste (TP) was used to prepare a form-stable PCM composite by mixing with paraffin wax (PW) and expanded graphite (EG) to integrate with solar water heaters. Two different PWs with melting points of 44 (RT44) and 64 (RT64) were used in the lower and higher temperature ranges of domestic water heating applications, respectively. The prepared composites exhibited enhanced thermal conductivity (1.1–1.15 W/m °C), heat storage capacity (98.5–105.6 J/g), and photothermal conversion efficiency (85 % and 55 % for composites with RT44 and RT64, respectively). The numerical analysis conducted on a validated model helped to estimate the optimum composite thickness for specific solar exposure time. The fabricated PCM composite promoted the recycling of TP waste into useful products and was efficient in maintaining a higher nocturnal water temperature in the solar water heater.
{"title":"Thermal energy storage materials designed from recycled Tetra Pak waste and paraffin waxes with enhanced photothermal conversion efficiencies","authors":"Safna Nishad , Mabrouk Ouederni , Igor Krupa","doi":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phase change material (PCM)-integrated solar water heaters have great potential to save energy by utilizing renewable resources and to extend working hours even after sunsets. The PCM composites fabricated with recycled waste products lead to the circular economy which would contribute significantly to the sustainable development goals. In this work, Tetra Pak waste (TP) was used to prepare a form-stable PCM composite by mixing with paraffin wax (PW) and expanded graphite (EG) to integrate with solar water heaters. Two different PWs with melting points of 44 (RT44) and 64 (RT64) were used in the lower and higher temperature ranges of domestic water heating applications, respectively. The prepared composites exhibited enhanced thermal conductivity (1.1–1.15 W/m °C), heat storage capacity (98.5–105.6 J/g), and photothermal conversion efficiency (85 % and 55 % for composites with RT44 and RT64, respectively). The numerical analysis conducted on a validated model helped to estimate the optimum composite thickness for specific solar exposure time. The fabricated PCM composite promoted the recycling of TP waste into useful products and was efficient in maintaining a higher nocturnal water temperature in the solar water heater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33659,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Built Environment","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 455-465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been determined that siestas could potentially have both mental and physical influences on the human body. However, the effects of siestas on the nocturnal sleep quality and thermal comfort levels under thermoneutral environment had not yet been examined in detail. In order to explore the potential influences of siestas on nocturnal sleep, twenty subjects were recruited and divided into two groups based on whether they took siestas or not. During this study's experiment, the temperature was maintained at 25 °C, and sleep duration was recorded throughout the night. In addition, thermal comfort votes (TCV) and thermal satisfaction votes (TSV) were obtained both before and after the nocturnal sleep. Furthermore, dopamine (DA) levels, which played important roles in emotional regulation, were measured after the nocturnal sleep. Results showed that the siesta group had a significant increase in self-reported nocturnal sleep quality (p < 0.05), although slight decreases in slow-wave sleep (SWS) duration and rapid eye movement (REM) duration were observed. Additionally, higher TCV and TSV values were reported in the siesta group (p < 0.05). Higher DA concentration was also detected in the siesta group after the nocturnal sleep. Furthermore, some correlations were illustrated between the thermal voting values and the sleep duration, as well as the DA concentration levels. Results implied that siestas could have an influence on the nocturnal sleep quality and thermal comfort levels under thermoneutral environment. Besides, DA concentration levels played an important role in the thermal comfort evaluations when exploring the influences of siestas on nocturnal sleep.
{"title":"Experimental study of the effects of siestas on the nocturnal sleep quality and thermal comfort levels under thermoneutral environment in summer","authors":"Huili Yu, Xue Zhao, Liping Chen, Xiaohui Tian, Shimin Liang, Songtao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has been determined that siestas could potentially have both mental and physical influences on the human body. However, the effects of siestas on the nocturnal sleep quality and thermal comfort levels under thermoneutral environment had not yet been examined in detail. In order to explore the potential influences of siestas on nocturnal sleep, twenty subjects were recruited and divided into two groups based on whether they took siestas or not. During this study's experiment, the temperature was maintained at 25 °C, and sleep duration was recorded throughout the night. In addition, thermal comfort votes (TCV) and thermal satisfaction votes (TSV) were obtained both before and after the nocturnal sleep. Furthermore, dopamine (DA) levels, which played important roles in emotional regulation, were measured after the nocturnal sleep. Results showed that the siesta group had a significant increase in self-reported nocturnal sleep quality (<em>p</em> < 0.05), although slight decreases in slow-wave sleep (SWS) duration and rapid eye movement (REM) duration were observed. Additionally, higher TCV and TSV values were reported in the siesta group (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Higher DA concentration was also detected in the siesta group after the nocturnal sleep. Furthermore, some correlations were illustrated between the thermal voting values and the sleep duration, as well as the DA concentration levels. Results implied that siestas could have an influence on the nocturnal sleep quality and thermal comfort levels under thermoneutral environment. Besides, DA concentration levels played an important role in the thermal comfort evaluations when exploring the influences of siestas on nocturnal sleep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33659,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Built Environment","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 448-454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emission of oil fume particles during kitchen cooking processes constitutes a significant factor that impacts indoor air quality and human health. Range hoods, as indispensable ventilation devices in kitchens, play a crucial role in reducing indoor particle concentrations. This study employs a combined approach of orthogonal experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations to investigate the exhaust characteristics of inherent-angle-measurement-based range hoods. It analyzes the diffusion patterns of cooking-generated particulate matter under various cooking scenarios, considering factors such as the opening and closing of windows, cooking source velocities, and different airflow rates of the range hood. Based on different airflow organization patterns, a supplementary ventilation system is designed. The rationality and effectiveness of the supplementary ventilation system are analyzed to establish an effective control scheme for reducing particulate matter in various kitchen environments. The simulated research results indicate that particles disperse along the inclined surface of the side-draft range hood, resulting in higher pollutant concentrations in the breathing zone compared to the cooking zone. Increasing the exhaust airflow rate of the range hood enhances particle capture efficiency by 9.8 %. The induced airflow generated by opening windows improves particle capture efficiency by 12.9 %. However, when the velocity of the window-induced airflow exceeds 1.5 m/s, it hampers the promotion of particle capture efficiency. In the case of windows being unconditionally open, implementing a ceiling-mounted supplementary air supply system effectively improves the kitchen's particle concentration, achieving a maximum particle capture efficiency of 97.66 %. When windows can be opened, setting a baffle on the range hood, the simulation results revealed that with a baffle angle of 120° and a length of 0.3 m, the particle concentration capture efficiency in the breathing zone increased by 34.59 %. This achieved the standard limit requirement of 50 µg/m3, thus meeting the indoor air quality requirements.
{"title":"Investigation on inherent angle ventilation control of residential kitchen range hoods","authors":"Zhilin Guo, Huixing Li, Guohui Feng, Kailiang Huang, Tengfei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emission of oil fume particles during kitchen cooking processes constitutes a significant factor that impacts indoor air quality and human health. Range hoods, as indispensable ventilation devices in kitchens, play a crucial role in reducing indoor particle concentrations. This study employs a combined approach of orthogonal experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations to investigate the exhaust characteristics of inherent-angle-measurement-based range hoods. It analyzes the diffusion patterns of cooking-generated particulate matter under various cooking scenarios, considering factors such as the opening and closing of windows, cooking source velocities, and different airflow rates of the range hood. Based on different airflow organization patterns, a supplementary ventilation system is designed. The rationality and effectiveness of the supplementary ventilation system are analyzed to establish an effective control scheme for reducing particulate matter in various kitchen environments. The simulated research results indicate that particles disperse along the inclined surface of the side-draft range hood, resulting in higher pollutant concentrations in the breathing zone compared to the cooking zone. Increasing the exhaust airflow rate of the range hood enhances particle capture efficiency by 9.8 %. The induced airflow generated by opening windows improves particle capture efficiency by 12.9 %. However, when the velocity of the window-induced airflow exceeds 1.5 m/s, it hampers the promotion of particle capture efficiency. In the case of windows being unconditionally open, implementing a ceiling-mounted supplementary air supply system effectively improves the kitchen's particle concentration, achieving a maximum particle capture efficiency of 97.66 %. When windows can be opened, setting a baffle on the range hood, the simulation results revealed that with a baffle angle of 120° and a length of 0.3 m, the particle concentration capture efficiency in the breathing zone increased by 34.59 %. This achieved the standard limit requirement of 50 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, thus meeting the indoor air quality requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33659,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Built Environment","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 432-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.12.003
Xuhui Cao , Niansi Li , Yulin Li , Lei Che , Bendong Yu , Huifang Liu
Solar energy is widely used to replace traditional energy because of its clean and efficient characteristics. Solar energy has great application potential and prospects in building energy conservation. Combining solar energy with buildings can achieve higher efficiency while reducing costs, and the life of the system is longer. PV/T technology combines solar photovoltaic and photothermal technology and obtains sustainable electrical energy and thermal energy at the same time. PV/T systems can be easily integrated to buildings and the electricity and heat generated by PV/T can drive a variety of physical and chemical processes such as heat collection process, solid/liquid dehumidification process and photo/thermal catalytic purification process. Therefore, building-integrated PV/T system has good application potential in building environment control such as indoor air temperature, air humidity and gaseous pollutants control. In the review of the past decade at home and abroad, most of the research on PV/T focuses on the development process, equipment and materials, accounting for 28 %, 21 % and 19 %, respectively, while only 15 % is related to the building-integrated PV/T system. The present work mainly investigates the application of PV/T in building environment in the past ten years, and reports a variety of application cases of PV/T technology combined with building systems to regulate indoor comfort and improve indoor environment. In addition, this paper reviews the simulation and experimental works of different building solar integrated PV/T systems and puts forward the prospect and suggestion for future research.
{"title":"A review of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) technology applied in building environment control","authors":"Xuhui Cao , Niansi Li , Yulin Li , Lei Che , Bendong Yu , Huifang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar energy is widely used to replace traditional energy because of its clean and efficient characteristics. Solar energy has great application potential and prospects in building energy conservation. Combining solar energy with buildings can achieve higher efficiency while reducing costs, and the life of the system is longer. PV/T technology combines solar photovoltaic and photothermal technology and obtains sustainable electrical energy and thermal energy at the same time. PV/T systems can be easily integrated to buildings and the electricity and heat generated by PV/T can drive a variety of physical and chemical processes such as heat collection process, solid/liquid dehumidification process and photo/thermal catalytic purification process. Therefore, building-integrated PV/T system has good application potential in building environment control such as indoor air temperature, air humidity and gaseous pollutants control. In the review of the past decade at home and abroad, most of the research on PV/T focuses on the development process, equipment and materials, accounting for 28 %, 21 % and 19 %, respectively, while only 15 % is related to the building-integrated PV/T system. The present work mainly investigates the application of PV/T in building environment in the past ten years, and reports a variety of application cases of PV/T technology combined with building systems to regulate indoor comfort and improve indoor environment. In addition, this paper reviews the simulation and experimental works of different building solar integrated PV/T systems and puts forward the prospect and suggestion for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33659,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Built Environment","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 402-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes a method to obtain a ranking of the critical issues related to Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)in existing school buildings. A multi-criteria method for a comprehensive evaluation of IEQ in school buildings is described and discussed. The method includes data collection, field measurements, and subjective investigations. The novelty of the study does not lie in the single stages of which the method is composed (for example in the phase involving field measurements, there are consolidated procedures in the technical and scientific literature to conduct them), but rather in the collection and rationalization of a complete and articulated assessment process that can guide the technicians and managers in the decision making. To show the whole proposed evaluation method, the case study of the university classrooms of the School of Engineering of Pisa was studied. From the application of the evaluation method to the case study, a rank of the IEQ critical issues observed and a rank of the most IEQ critical environments was therefore obtained. The study also focused on the impact of weighting schemes of the IEQ assessment results. Then the results of the case study were discussed by evaluating the impact of alternative weighing schemes present in the scientific literature. The discussion shows that to identify the most critical environmental factors, the choice of the weighting scheme is extremely important although the greatest weight does not always correspond to the most critical environmental factor. The presented results can interest not only technical personnel involved in IEQ assessments and interventions for its improvement, but also researchers investigating IEQ that intend to compare methodologies and weighting schemes.
{"title":"A multicriteria method to identify and rank IEQ criticalities: Measurements and applications for existing school buildings","authors":"Francesco Leccese , Michele Rocca , Giacomo Salvadori , Elisa Belloni , Cinzia Buratti","doi":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a method to obtain a ranking of the critical issues related to Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)in existing school buildings. A multi-criteria method for a comprehensive evaluation of IEQ in school buildings is described and discussed. The method includes data collection, field measurements, and subjective investigations. The novelty of the study does not lie in the single stages of which the method is composed (for example in the phase involving field measurements, there are consolidated procedures in the technical and scientific literature to conduct them), but rather in the collection and rationalization of a complete and articulated assessment process that can guide the technicians and managers in the decision making. To show the whole proposed evaluation method, the case study of the university classrooms of the School of Engineering of Pisa was studied. From the application of the evaluation method to the case study, a rank of the IEQ critical issues observed and a rank of the most IEQ critical environments was therefore obtained. The study also focused on the impact of weighting schemes of the IEQ assessment results. Then the results of the case study were discussed by evaluating the impact of alternative weighing schemes present in the scientific literature. The discussion shows that to identify the most critical environmental factors, the choice of the weighting scheme is extremely important although the greatest weight does not always correspond to the most critical environmental factor. The presented results can interest not only technical personnel involved in IEQ assessments and interventions for its improvement, but also researchers investigating IEQ that intend to compare methodologies and weighting schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33659,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Built Environment","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 387-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139190938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.12.001
Ning Liu , Xi Luo , Xiaojun Liu , Menglin Xing
College students’ energy-saving behaviors in dormitory buildings are crucial for reducing energy consumption on university campuses. An information framework aimed at normalization can do well in motivating individuals’ energy-saving behaviors. To assess the effectiveness of normative information intervention strategies in motivating college students to save energy, this study innovatively adopts a new method combining traditional influence path analysis and field experiment, which makes up for the shortcomings of the traditional single questionnaire survey method. First, this study introduced “normative information” and “personal norms” into the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The aim was to explore the mechanisms by which the provision of normative information affects college students’ energy-saving intentions through a questionnaire (352 questionnaires). Then, on this basis, a field experiment was conducted in 70 university dormitories with 313 students to further assess the effectiveness of four normative information intervention strategies in promoting energy-saving behaviors. The study results showed: 1) Attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and personal norms were significantly correlated with energy-saving intentions. 2) Positive normative feedback and low-intensity normative feedback had significant positive effects on personal norms, which fully mediated the relationships between positive/low-intensity normative feedback and energy-saving intentions. 3) Positive low-intensity normative information achieved the best energy-saving effect (with an energy-saving ratio of 29.18%), followed by positive high-intensity normative information (24.97%) and negative low-intensity normative information (24.38%). The results can provide reference for reducing dormitory energy consumption.
{"title":"Impacts of normative information on college students’ energy-saving intentions and behaviors in the dormitory","authors":"Ning Liu , Xi Luo , Xiaojun Liu , Menglin Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>College students’ energy-saving behaviors in dormitory buildings are crucial for reducing energy consumption on university campuses. An information framework aimed at normalization can do well in motivating individuals’ energy-saving behaviors. To assess the effectiveness of normative information intervention strategies in motivating college students to save energy, this study innovatively adopts a new method combining traditional influence path analysis and field experiment, which makes up for the shortcomings of the traditional single questionnaire survey method. First, this study introduced “normative information” and “personal norms” into the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The aim was to explore the mechanisms by which the provision of normative information affects college students’ energy-saving intentions through a questionnaire (352 questionnaires). Then, on this basis, a field experiment was conducted in 70 university dormitories with 313 students to further assess the effectiveness of four normative information intervention strategies in promoting energy-saving behaviors. The study results showed: 1) Attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and personal norms were significantly correlated with energy-saving intentions. 2) Positive normative feedback and low-intensity normative feedback had significant positive effects on personal norms, which fully mediated the relationships between positive/low-intensity normative feedback and energy-saving intentions. 3) Positive low-intensity normative information achieved the best energy-saving effect (with an energy-saving ratio of 29.18%), followed by positive high-intensity normative information (24.97%) and negative low-intensity normative information (24.38%). The results can provide reference for reducing dormitory energy consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33659,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Built Environment","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 347-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139024577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.11.006
Zhaoyi Zhuang , Jin Zhao , Jiapeng Pan , Teng Zhang , Qiang Han
R134a-DMF absorption heat pump unit is an energy-saving heat pump unit that can utilize renewable energy, and has great potential in the refrigeration and heating fields of urban and rural areas. The purpose of this article is to conduct in-depth research on the dynamic characteristics of absorption heat pump units based on R134a-DMF, a new working fluid pair. A mathematical model of the thermophysical properties of the R134a-DMF working fluid pair and the mathematical models of various components of the heat pump unit are constructed. This paper constructs a simulation program, and uses the Control variates to study the change trend of the Coefficient of performance of R134a-DMF absorption heat pump unit affected by the generator outlet concentrated solution temperature, condenser air volume and temperature rise, and chilled water outlet temperature. The results indicate that the established mathematical model for thermophysical properties and the unit model are both accurate models, which can provide guidance for the actual operation and optimization of R134a-DMF absorption heat pump units. Through simulation, it can be concluded that for the three combined forms of R134a DMF (3:2), R134a DMF (1:1), and R134a DMF (2:3), the average increase in COP and refrigeration capacity is 0.85 %, 0.39 %, and 0.42 % for each 1 °C increase in the outlet concentrated solution temperature of the generator, respectively, and the growth rate is relatively slow. The larger the proportion of refrigerant in the binary solution, the greater the COP of the unit under the same operating conditions.
{"title":"Simulation and performance research of absorption heat pump unit based on R134a-DMF working fluid pair","authors":"Zhaoyi Zhuang , Jin Zhao , Jiapeng Pan , Teng Zhang , Qiang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>R134a-DMF absorption heat pump unit is an energy-saving heat pump unit that can utilize renewable energy, and has great potential in the refrigeration and heating fields of urban and rural areas. The purpose of this article is to conduct in-depth research on the dynamic characteristics of absorption heat pump units based on R134a-DMF, a new working fluid pair. A mathematical model of the thermophysical properties of the R134a-DMF working fluid pair and the mathematical models of various components of the heat pump unit are constructed. This paper constructs a simulation program, and uses the Control variates to study the change trend of the Coefficient of performance of R134a-DMF absorption heat pump unit affected by the generator outlet concentrated solution temperature, condenser air volume and temperature rise, and chilled water outlet temperature. The results indicate that the established mathematical model for thermophysical properties and the unit model are both accurate models, which can provide guidance for the actual operation and optimization of R134a-DMF absorption heat pump units. Through simulation, it can be concluded that for the three combined forms of R134a DMF (3:2), R134a DMF (1:1), and R134a DMF (2:3), the average increase in COP and refrigeration capacity is 0.85 %, 0.39 %, and 0.42 % for each 1 °C increase in the outlet concentrated solution temperature of the generator, respectively, and the growth rate is relatively slow. The larger the proportion of refrigerant in the binary solution, the greater the COP of the unit under the same operating conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33659,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Built Environment","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 307-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138618992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.11.011
Yazhou Tang, Dapeng Jin, Zhiying Wang, Fengxu Han
In recent 20 years, the rapidly development of thermoelectric materials promotes thermoelectric s application in large scale cooling area, i.e. air-conditioner. To provide quiet working environment for the driver of high-speed railway, a kilowatt scale air-conditioner was designed. Firstly, a novel thermoelectric cooler with maximum cooling capacity of 450 W was designed with 199 thermoelectric elements, and the cooling performance were investigated under different cold and hot side heat exchange capacity. Second, the hot and cold side heat exchangers were optimized adopting genetic algorithm. Finally, a high coefficient of performance (COP) thermoelectric air conditioning (TEAC) system was designed for high-speed railway locomotive. The TEAC system comprising 16 TECs achieved a cooling capacity of 2342 W with a COP of 0.5 in cooling mode, and meets one 1HP TEAC requirements. The temperature field inside the locomotive was uniform and exhibited a linear correlation with the supplied air temperature. This research demonstrates the utility of high-power TEAC in high-speed railway carriages, providing valuable insights for the application of TEAC technology.
{"title":"The extreme high cooling capacity thermoelectric cooler optimal design for kilowatts scale thermoelectric air-conditioner of high-speed railway carriage","authors":"Yazhou Tang, Dapeng Jin, Zhiying Wang, Fengxu Han","doi":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent 20 years, the rapidly development of thermoelectric materials promotes thermoelectric s application in large scale cooling area, i.e. air-conditioner. To provide quiet working environment for the driver of high-speed railway, a kilowatt scale air-conditioner was designed. Firstly, a novel thermoelectric cooler with maximum cooling capacity of 450 W was designed with 199 thermoelectric elements, and the cooling performance were investigated under different cold and hot side heat exchange capacity. Second, the hot and cold side heat exchangers were optimized adopting genetic algorithm. Finally, a high coefficient of performance (COP) thermoelectric air conditioning (TEAC) system was designed for high-speed railway locomotive. The TEAC system comprising 16 TECs achieved a cooling capacity of 2342 W with a COP of 0.5 in cooling mode, and meets one 1HP TEAC requirements. The temperature field inside the locomotive was uniform and exhibited a linear correlation with the supplied air temperature. This research demonstrates the utility of high-power TEAC in high-speed railway carriages, providing valuable insights for the application of TEAC technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33659,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Built Environment","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 378-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138622495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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