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Bottom-up assessment of household electricity consumption in dynamic cities of the Global South—Evidence from Kigali, Rwanda 全球南方活跃城市家庭用电量自下而上评估——来自卢旺达基加利的证据
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1130758
Jannik Vetter-Gindele, Felix Bachofer, Andreas Braun, E. Uwayezu, G. Rwanyiziri, L. Eltrop
Data on electricity consumption is crucial for assessing and modeling energy systems, making it a key element of sustainable urban planning. However, many countries in the Global South struggle with a shortage of statistically valid, geocoded, and disaggregated household-level data. This paper aims to develop a generic methodology for the generation of such a database in terms of electricity consumption. The methodology was tested in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda, with a focus on all single-family residential building types of the inner city. Discrete data on buildings is obtained through combined information products derived from very high resolution (VHR) satellite imagery, field surveys, and computer assisted personal interviewing. In total, 509 valid geocoded survey datasets were used to evaluate and model household electricity consumption, as well as electrical appliance ownership. The study's findings reveal that the arithmetic mean of specific electricity consumption was 3.66 kWh per household per day and 345 kWh per capita per year in 2015. By subdividing the data into distinct building types as well as their spatial location, and weighting the specific values according to their proportion in the study area, a more accurate mean value of 1.88 kWh per household per day and 160 kWh per capita per year was obtained. Applying this weighted mean to extrapolate household electricity consumption for the study area, in conjunction with the sample's precision level, resulted in an estimate of 126–137 GWh for the year 2015. In contrast, using the arithmetic mean would have led to values twice as high, even exceeding the total electricity consumption of the entire city, including multi-family and non-residential buildings. The study highlights the significance of on-site data collection combined with geospatial mapping techniques in enhancing of understanding of residential energy systems. Using building types as indicators to distinguish between households with contrasting electricity consumption and electrical appliance load levels can address the challenges posed by rapid urban growth in the Global South. This proposed method can assist municipal administrations in establishing a database that can be updated resource-efficiently at regular intervals by acquiring new satellite images.
电力消耗数据对于能源系统的评估和建模至关重要,使其成为可持续城市规划的关键要素。然而,全球南方的许多国家缺乏统计上有效的、地理编码的和分类的家庭数据。本文的目的是开发一个通用的方法,以产生这样一个数据库在电力消耗方面。该方法在卢旺达首都基加利进行了测试,重点是内城的所有单户住宅建筑类型。建筑物的离散数据是通过高分辨率(VHR)卫星图像、实地调查和计算机辅助个人访谈等综合信息产品获得的。总共使用了509个有效的地理编码调查数据集来评估和模拟家庭用电量以及电器拥有量。研究结果显示,2015年平均每个家庭每天的耗电量为3.66千瓦时,人均年耗电量为345千瓦时。通过将数据细分为不同的建筑类型及其空间位置,并根据其在研究区域中的比例对具体值进行加权,得到了更准确的平均值,即每户每天1.88千瓦时,人均每年160千瓦时。应用这一加权平均值外推研究地区的家庭用电量,并结合样本的精度水平,得出2015年的估计为126-137吉瓦时。相比之下,使用算术平均值会导致价值翻倍,甚至超过整个城市的总用电量,包括多户和非住宅建筑。该研究强调了现场数据收集与地理空间测绘技术相结合对提高对住宅能源系统的理解的重要性。使用建筑类型作为区分用电和电器负荷水平不同的家庭的指标,可以解决全球南方城市快速增长带来的挑战。这一建议的方法可以协助市政当局建立一个数据库,通过获取新的卫星图像,可以定期有效地更新数据库。
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引用次数: 0
GreEn-ER–Electricity consumption data of a tertiary building 绿色-三级建筑用电数据
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1043657
Gustavo Felipe Martin Nascimento, Frédéric Wurtz, Patrick Kuo-Peng, Benoit Delinchant, Nelson Jhoe Batistela, Tiansi Laranjeira
The increased use of intermittent renewable energy sources makes the use of machine learning methods combined with demand-side management more and more frequent. Machine learning algorithms rely on data to identify patterns and learn insights. Hence, data availability is of utmost importance, and the more, the merrier. Therefore, this data report aims to present a dataset concerning the electricity consumption of a tertiary building located in the French Alps region (Grenoble) in 2017 and 2018. It is a massively monitored and controlled building with about 330 electricity meters, whose measurement data constitute the dataset. The data were collected directly from the building management system and correspond to raw data, without any pre-treatment. The dataset also includes Python notebooks that allow for understanding the system design, navigating the data, and performing some simple analyses. This is a publicly available dataset that tries to fill the gap of the availability of electricity consumption data, especially regarding tertiary buildings.
间歇性可再生能源的使用越来越多,使得机器学习方法与需求侧管理相结合的使用越来越频繁。机器学习算法依赖于数据来识别模式和学习见解。因此,数据的可用性是至关重要的,而且越多越好。因此,本数据报告旨在提供一个关于2017年和2018年法国阿尔卑斯山地区(格勒诺布尔)三级建筑用电量的数据集。它是一个大规模监控的建筑,大约有330个电表,其测量数据构成了数据集。数据直接从建筑管理系统中收集,与原始数据相对应,没有任何预处理。该数据集还包括Python笔记本,用于理解系统设计、导航数据和执行一些简单的分析。这是一个公开可用的数据集,试图填补电力消耗数据可用性的空白,特别是关于三级建筑。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Supporting the “virtuous cycle” in urban ecosystems: how research can inform plans, policies, and projects that impact urban resilience 社论:支持城市生态系统的“良性循环”:研究如何为影响城市复原力的计划、政策和项目提供信息
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1257069
Michele Romolini, S. Parker, Gregory B. Pauly, Eric M. Wood
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引用次数: 0
Pursuit of environmental justice in urban forest planning and practice 城市森林规划与实践中的环境正义追求
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1233878
A. Grant, A. Millward, Sara Edge
There is a growing demand for urban forest management that prioritizes genuine community involvement, acknowledges power imbalances within society, and embraces the principles of environmental justice. To assess current initiatives and share better/best approaches, examining how environmental justice principles are applied in urban forest planning and practice is crucial. This study aims to understand the perspectives of urban foresters on the factors that either facilitate or impede the attainment of environmental justice goals.Interviews were conducted with urban foresters from non-profit organizations and municipal government in San Francisco, California, and Seattle, Washington. The interviewees were asked to identify and discuss their tree planting and maintenance strategies, public engagement protocol, and inter-organizational collaboration processes. To provide a contextual understanding of environmental injustice in the study cities, the historical racist practice of neighborhood redlining was examined alongside current tree canopy cover, locations of environmental hazards, and the spatial distribution of persons of color and those living in poverty.The findings revealed that urban forestry professionals in each city approached environmental justice in distinct yet complementary ways: San Francisco prioritized distributional justice, while Seattle focused on elements of procedural and recognitional justice. The Race and Social Justice Initiative in Seattle and Proposition E in San Francisco have been instrumental in identifying and addressing inequities in urban forest planning and practice.Creating fair and inclusive urban forestry practices that prioritize disadvantaged neighborhoods has been a difficult task for both cities. Acknowledging and addressing past policies and cultural perspectives that have led to marginalization is crucial for building trust with these communities. Moving forward, prioritizing recognitional justice in urban forest planning and management should be a top priority.
越来越多的人要求城市森林管理优先考虑真正的社区参与,承认社会内部的权力不平衡,并接受环境正义原则。为了评估目前的倡议和分享更好/最好的方法,研究如何将环境正义原则应用于城市森林规划和实践是至关重要的。本研究旨在了解城市林务人员对促进或阻碍实现环境正义目标的因素的看法。采访了来自加利福尼亚旧金山和华盛顿州西雅图的非营利组织和市政府的城市森林管理员。受访者被要求确定和讨论他们的植树和维护策略、公众参与协议和组织间合作过程。为了提供对研究城市环境不公正的背景理解,研究人员将历史上的种族主义做法与当前的树冠覆盖、环境危害的位置、有色人种和贫困人口的空间分布一起进行了研究。研究结果显示,每个城市的城市林业专业人员以不同但互补的方式处理环境正义:旧金山优先考虑分配正义,而西雅图则侧重于程序和认可正义的要素。西雅图的种族和社会正义倡议和旧金山的E提案在确定和解决城市森林规划和实践中的不平等方面发挥了重要作用。创建公平和包容的城市林业实践,优先考虑弱势社区,对两个城市来说都是一项艰巨的任务。承认并解决导致边缘化的过去政策和文化观点对于与这些社区建立信任至关重要。展望未来,在城市森林规划和管理中优先考虑承认正义应成为重中之重。
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引用次数: 0
Encountering grasslands: a collective approach to urban biodiversity 遇到草原:城市生物多样性的集体方法
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1195807
Chloe Walsh, Penny Allan
While the prolific nature of many grass and herbaceous species in urban parks offers an opportunity to cultivate more biodiverse and dynamic grasslands, widespread maintenance practices and complex cultural, economic, and bureaucratic forces often result in the undervaluing and regular destruction of these plant species. The research described in this paper reimagines the way grassy landscapes are cared for and understood in urban environments. Located in an urban park in inner Sydney, Australia, and using design research methods of observation, physical care, storytelling and installation, the research proposes three “frames of care” to assist landscape architects and other spatial designers to engage with communities at a local level. The frames have the potential to expand collective understandings of grassland communities, test alternative maintenance practices, and better support urban biodiversity and seasonal flux. With acknowledgment to the complexities of urban sites such as these, experimental installation provided a promising space to meaningfully engage with the local community and build a foundation to generate greater reciprocity between humans and non-humans of the site.
虽然城市公园中许多草和草本物种的丰富性质为培育更多生物多样性和充满活力的草地提供了机会,但广泛的维护实践和复杂的文化、经济和官僚力量往往导致这些植物物种的低估和定期破坏。本文中描述的研究重新想象了在城市环境中照顾和理解草地景观的方式。该项目位于澳大利亚悉尼市中心的一个城市公园内,采用观察、物理护理、讲故事和安装的设计研究方法,提出了三个“护理框架”,以帮助景观设计师和其他空间设计师在当地层面与社区互动。这些框架有可能扩大对草原群落的集体理解,测试替代维护做法,并更好地支持城市生物多样性和季节变化。考虑到这些城市场地的复杂性,实验装置提供了一个有希望的空间,可以与当地社区进行有意义的互动,并为场地上的人类和非人类之间产生更大的互惠奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Frontiers of policy and governance research in a smart city and artificial intelligence: an advanced review based on natural language processing 智能城市和人工智能中的政策和治理研究前沿:基于自然语言处理的高级综述
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1199041
Liang Dong, Yunhong Liu
This study presents an advanced review of policy and governance research in the context of smart cities and artificial intelligence (AI). With cities playing a crucial role in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, it is vital to understand the opportunities and challenges that arise from the applications of smart technologies and AI in promoting urban sustainability. Using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method based on a three-layer Bayesian algorithm model, we conducted a systematic review of approximately 3700 papers from Scopus. Our analysis revealed prominent topics such as “service transformation,” “community participation,” and “sustainable development goals.” We also identified emerging concerns, including “open user data,” “ethics and risk management,” and “data privacy management.” These findings provide valuable insights into the current progress and frontiers of policy and governance research in the field, informing future research directions and decision-making processes.
本研究对智能城市和人工智能背景下的政策和治理研究进行了深入回顾。由于城市在实现联合国可持续发展目标方面发挥着至关重要的作用,了解智能技术和人工智能在促进城市可持续性方面的应用所带来的机遇和挑战至关重要。使用基于三层贝叶斯算法模型的潜在狄利克雷分配(LDA)方法,我们对Scopus的约3700篇论文进行了系统综述。我们的分析揭示了“服务转型”、“社区参与”和“可持续发展目标”等突出主题。我们还发现了新出现的问题,包括“开放用户数据”、“道德与风险管理”和“数据隐私管理”。“这些发现为该领域政策和治理研究的当前进展和前沿提供了宝贵的见解,为未来的研究方向和决策过程提供了信息。
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引用次数: 0
The conflictive discourse of density in London's planning system 伦敦规划系统中密度的冲突话语
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1061677
Fabrizio Matillana, N. Livingstone
Density in planning presents a series of conflicts in its use based on how it is defined and perceived. When codified into planning policy, however, it is conflictive due to how it manages strategic and local planning needs and the subjective experiences of density. This article researches the evolution of density policy in London, from the density matrix to the current design-led approach, examining how this conflictive discourse manifests and is resolved within planning practice. Extensive research of planning applications referred to the Mayor of London, known as called-in applications, examine the strategic and local conflicts in a design-led approach. To further inquire on the findings of the extensive research, semi-structured interviews were conducted to design officers across London local authorities to collect their experiences on the practice of density policies and the design-led approach in development management. The results of the planning application research show a tension between design-led approach and a strategic dominance to deliver more housing in London. The design officer interview explains further how this emerges in negotiations and signal into potential solutions. The article presents the deficiencies in density policy and proposes design-led tools to address the limitations of the current approach.
规划中的密度根据其定义和感知方式,在其使用中呈现出一系列冲突。然而,当被编入规划政策时,由于其如何管理战略和地方规划需求以及密度的主观体验,它是矛盾的。本文研究了伦敦密度政策的演变,从密度矩阵到目前以设计为主导的方法,考察了这种矛盾的话语是如何在规划实践中体现和解决的。向伦敦市长提交的规划申请的广泛研究,即所谓的申请,以设计为主导的方法来研究战略和地方冲突。为了进一步了解广泛研究的结果,对伦敦地方当局的设计官员进行了半结构化访谈,以收集他们在密度政策实践和开发管理中以设计为主导的方法方面的经验。规划应用研究的结果表明,设计主导的方法和在伦敦提供更多住房的战略主导之间存在紧张关系。设计官员的访谈进一步解释了这是如何在谈判中出现的,并预示着潜在的解决方案。文章介绍了密度策略中的不足,并提出了以设计为导向的工具来解决当前方法的局限性。
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引用次数: 0
Current situation, bottlenecks, and path options for the development of capital flows and integration in the Yangtze River Delta region 长三角地区资本流动与一体化发展的现状、瓶颈与路径选择
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1100685
Jing Yang, Guo-Yan Li, Zhuowen Zhong, Qiang Li, Guolei Du, Jinhan Guo
Capital plays a crucial role in the development of regional economies, especially in low-income regions where it acts as a primary driver of economic growth. Efficient capital flow is essential for optimizing resource allocation and facilitating the development of integrated capital markets. This passage introduces the topic of capital, capital flow, and capital market integration and highlights their significance in regional development.To gain a comprehensive understanding of capital flow and integration in the Yangtze River Delta region, the researchers conducted a connotative analysis. They constructed indicators from various aspects, including social fixed asset investment, bank capital flow, government transfer payments, social financing structure, and foreign direct investment. By utilizing these indicators, the researchers aimed to assess the current situation and identify bottlenecks related to capital flow and integration. Additionally, they drew on experiences from foreign capital flow and integration development to enrich their analysis.The analysis revealed several primary bottlenecks affecting capital flow and integration in the Yangtze River Delta region. These bottlenecks include an unsound banking management system, the presence of government competition and administrative barriers, and shortcomings within listed companies. The results highlight the specific challenges that hinder the smooth functioning and integration of capital in the region.To promote the development of capital flows and integration in the Yangtze River Delta region, the researchers propose various recommendations. These suggestions include promoting the development of listed companies, establishing a robust banking management model, improving relevant government policies, and optimizing the investment environment. These recommendations serve as important guidelines for policymakers to enhance capital flow and integration in the Yangtze River Delta city cluster. Furthermore, they emphasize the need to strengthen financial supervision and improve institutional mechanisms within the three provinces and one city comprising the region.
资本在区域经济发展中发挥着至关重要的作用,特别是在低收入地区,资本是经济增长的主要动力。有效的资本流动是优化资源配置、促进一体化资本市场发展的必要条件。本文介绍了资本、资本流动和资本市场一体化的主题,并强调了它们在区域发展中的意义。为了更全面地了解长三角地区的资本流动与整合,研究人员进行了内涵分析。他们从社会固定资产投资、银行资本流动、政府转移支付、社会融资结构、对外直接投资等方面构建指标。通过利用这些指标,研究人员旨在评估现状,并确定与资本流动和整合相关的瓶颈。此外,他们还借鉴了国外资本流动和一体化发展的经验来丰富他们的分析。分析揭示了影响长三角地区资本流动和一体化的几个主要瓶颈。这些瓶颈包括不健全的银行管理体系、政府竞争和行政壁垒的存在,以及上市公司内部的缺陷。结果突出了阻碍该地区资本顺利运作和整合的具体挑战。为了促进长三角地区资本流动和一体化的发展,研究者们提出了各种建议。这些建议包括促进上市公司发展、建立稳健的银行管理模式、完善相关政府政策、优化投资环境。这些建议对政策制定者促进长三角城市群的资本流动和一体化具有重要的指导意义。此外,他们强调有必要在组成该地区的三省一市内加强金融监督和完善体制机制。
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引用次数: 0
Tropical cities research boundaries: a bibliometric analysis to bridge the gaps through multi-dimensional and cross-disciplinary features 热带城市研究边界:通过多维度和跨学科特征弥合差距的文献计量学分析
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1154667
José Gescilam S. M. Uchôa, L. E. Bertotto, Matheus S. dos Santos, A. Reis, E. Mendiondo, E. Wendland
Tropical regions are known for their complex ecosystems and biodiversity, which play a vital role in regulating the global climate. However, researching tropical cities can be challenging due to the need for multi-disciplinary and multi-dimensional approaches. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to gain a structured understanding of the developments and characteristics of tropical cities research in the last decade. We identified the fundamental influences in tropical cities research, based on four major sub-topics: climate change, sustainable urbanization, protecting biodiversity, and urban resource management. We examined the connections between these themes and performed a systematic literature review on each. Our analysis provides a comprehensive trend analysis of tropical cities, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Our findings aim to provide a solid foundation for bridging the gaps for future crosscutting research.
热带地区以其复杂的生态系统和生物多样性而闻名,在调节全球气候方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,研究热带城市可能具有挑战性,因为需要多学科和多维方法。在这项研究中,我们进行了文献计量分析,以获得近十年热带城市研究的发展和特征的结构化理解。基于气候变化、可持续城市化、生物多样性保护和城市资源管理四个主要子主题,我们确定了热带城市研究的基本影响因素。我们研究了这些主题之间的联系,并对每个主题进行了系统的文献综述。我们的分析提供了热带城市的全面趋势分析,包括定量和定性。我们的研究结果旨在为弥合未来横切研究的差距提供坚实的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Local influence of floral resource attributes on urban bumble bee foraging activity 花卉资源属性对城市大黄蜂觅食活动的局部影响
IF 2.8 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1103721
V. Pfeiffer, Jun Zhu, Karen C. Poh, J. Silbernagel
Urbanization diminishes the extent of uncompacted, exposed soil and the coverage of wild plant species, yet still supports diverse pollinator communities when their habitat is maintained within the built environment. Floral abundance and richness are known to influence bee foraging behavior, and these factors vary across the landscape, especially across heterogeneous urban extents. This study assesses how floral resources are distributed across the city of Madison, WI and how these factors influence the distribution of foraging bumble bees.We conducted a systematic walking transect survey of bumble bees across Madison, WI. The resulting point location data associated with more than 5,000 non-lethally surveyed bumble bees were analyzed with regard to floral resource explanatory variables as well as underlying land use zoning on more than 700 transects. We used Moran's I correlograms to investigate spatial autocorrelation in floral resource variables and bumble bee counts, then we fitted a generalized linear model predicting transect bee counts based on floral cover, density, species richness and wild plant species richness on the distribution of foraging bees. We employed a geographically-weighted regression model to explore non-stationarity in the effects of floral resource explanatory variables across the study extent.We found significant positive influence of flower cover, species richness, and weakly significant positive influence of wildflower species richness on foraging bee counts within the model as well as a significant positive influence of the land use zoning categorical variable. The effects of floral resource predictors on foraging bumble bees varies based on landscape context across the city.The results of this study show that landscapes with high cover as well as floral diversity maximize bumble bee foraging, and the positive effect of wildflower species richness stands out where floral cover and overall richness are also present. Given that urban landscapes are not homogeneous and that floral resources are not consistently distributed across the cityscape, valuable pollinator habitat should be protected, and supplemented where gaps persist.
城市化减少了未压实、裸露的土壤的范围和野生植物物种的覆盖范围,但当它们的栖息地保持在建筑环境中时,仍然支持不同的传粉昆虫群落。众所周知,植物的丰度和丰富度会影响蜜蜂的觅食行为,这些因素在不同的景观中各不相同,尤其是在不同的城市范围内。这项研究评估了植物资源在威斯康星州麦迪逊市的分布情况,以及这些因素如何影响觅食大黄蜂的分布。我们对威斯康星州麦迪逊市的大黄蜂进行了系统的步行横断面调查。对与5000多只非致命调查的大黄蜂相关的点位数据进行了分析,涉及700多个样带的花卉资源解释变量以及潜在的土地利用分区。我们使用Moran’s I相关图来研究花资源变量和大黄蜂数量的空间自相关,然后我们拟合了一个基于花覆盖率、密度、物种丰富度和野生植物物种丰富度的广义线性模型来预测样带蜜蜂数量。我们采用地理加权回归模型来探索整个研究范围内花卉资源解释变量影响的非平稳性。我们发现,在模型中,花朵覆盖率、物种丰富度对觅食蜜蜂数量有显著的正向影响,野花物种丰富度对蜜蜂数量有微弱的正向影响;土地利用分区分类变量也有显著的正影响。花资源预测因子对大黄蜂觅食的影响因城市景观背景而异。这项研究的结果表明,具有高覆盖率和花卉多样性的景观最大限度地提高了大黄蜂的觅食能力,而野花物种丰富度的积极影响在花卉覆盖率和整体丰富度也存在的地方尤为突出。鉴于城市景观并不同质,花卉资源在城市景观中的分布也不一致,因此应该保护宝贵的传粉昆虫栖息地,并在差距持续的地方加以补充。
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引用次数: 0
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Frontiers in Sustainable Cities
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