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How green is an urban tree? The impact of species selection in reducing the carbon footprint of park trees in Swedish cities 一棵城市树有多绿?物种选择对减少瑞典城市公园树木碳足迹的影响
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1182408
Erik Lind, Thomas Prade, Johanna Sjöman Deak, A. Levinsson, H. Sjöman
Introduction Planting trees in urban areas can mitigate some of the emissions generated in cities by carbon sequestration (annual uptake of CO2 through the process of photosynthesis) and carbon storage (amount of carbon stored in the tree's biomass throughout its lifespan). The aim of this study was to calculate the carbon footprint from nursery production to final establishment of different tree species grown for planting in urban parks in a northern European context. Material and methods The analysis included a cradle-to-gate approach and investigated the amount of carbon the adult trees needed to sequester in order to compensate for initial carbon emissions and which temporal perspectives are of concern. Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated based on an inventory of consumption of fuels, energy, materials and other production inputs during cultivation, delivery, planting and establishment of three different tree species in three different locations in Sweden. The tree species considered in the analysis (Salix alba, Quercus rubra, Pinus sylvestris) were selected due to significant differences in their growth rates. Salix alba is a competitive strategist in resource-rich habitats, and is proficient at converting these resources into vigorous growth. Pinus sylvestris is a pronounced stress strategist with good ability to handle resource-limited habitats, and invests in traits accordingly, resulting in significantly slower development. Quercus rubra has its main distribution in cool and moderately resource-rich habitats, but has relatively high stress tolerance and can be considered intermediate between the other two species in terms of growth rate. Results and discussion The results showed that within 16 years of planting, all species in all three cities, except Pinus sylvestris planted in Umeå, compensated for initial carbon emissions, i.e. showed net absorption of CO2 after emissions from cultivation, delivery, planting and establishment of the trees had been deducted. There was a clear link between the time by which compensation of initial carbon emissions was achieved and growth rate of the different species, with the fast-growing Salix alba showing the best results. The single largest source of emissions among all activities carried out during cultivation, delivery and planting of all species, regardless of the city in which they were planted, was fuel consumption during tree planting.
在城市地区种植树木可以减少城市通过固碳(通过光合作用每年吸收的二氧化碳)和碳储存(树木在其整个生命周期中储存的碳量)产生的一些排放。本研究的目的是计算北欧城市公园中从苗圃生产到最终建立不同树种种植的碳足迹。该分析包括从摇篮到大门的方法,并调查了成年树为补偿初始碳排放而需要封存的碳量,以及需要关注的时间视角。温室气体排放量是根据在瑞典三个不同地点种植、运输、种植和建立三种不同树种期间消耗的燃料、能源、材料和其他生产投入的清单估算的。在分析中考虑的树种(Salix alba, Quercus rubra, Pinus sylvestris)的选择是因为它们的生长速度有显著差异。在资源丰富的栖息地,柳是一个有竞争力的战略家,善于将这些资源转化为旺盛的生长。sylvestris是一个明显的压力策略者,具有良好的应对资源有限的栖息地的能力,并相应地投资于性状,导致其发育明显减慢。黑栎主要分布在阴凉和资源适度丰富的生境,但具有较高的抗逆性,生长速度介于其他两种树种之间。结果与讨论结果表明:在16年的种植期内,3个城市的所有树种均补偿了初始碳排放,即扣除树木种植、运输、种植和建立排放后的二氧化碳净吸收量。实现初始碳排放补偿的时间与不同树种的生长速度之间存在明显的联系,其中快速生长的白柳表现出最好的效果。无论在哪个城市种植,在所有树种的种植、运输和种植过程中进行的所有活动中,最大的单一排放源是植树期间的燃料消耗。
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引用次数: 0
Unsupervised video anomaly detection in UAVs: a new approach based on learning and inference 无人机无监督视频异常检测:一种基于学习和推理的新方法
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1197434
Gang Liu, Lisheng Shu, Yuhui Yang, Chen Jin
In this paper, an innovative approach to detecting anomalous occurrences in video data without supervision is introduced, leveraging contextual data derived from visual characteristics and effectively addressing the semantic discrepancy that exists between visual information and the interpretation of atypical incidents. Our work incorporates Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to capture video data from a different perspective and to provide a unique set of visual features. Specifically, we put forward a technique for discerning context through scene comprehension, which entails the construction of a spatio-temporal contextual graph to represent various aspects of visual information. These aspects encompass the manifestation of objects, their interrelations within the spatio-temporal domain, and the categorization of the scenes captured by UAVs. To encode context information, we utilize Transformer with message passing for updating the graph's nodes and edges. Furthermore, we have designed a graph-oriented deep Variational Autoencoder (VAE) approach for unsupervised categorization of scenes, enabling the extraction of the spatio-temporal context graph across diverse settings. In conclusion, by utilizing contextual data, we ascertain anomaly scores at the frame-level to identify atypical occurrences. We assessed the efficacy of the suggested approach by employing it on a trio of intricate data collections, specifically, the UCF-Crime, Avenue, and ShanghaiTech datasets, which provided substantial evidence of the method's successful performance.
在本文中,介绍了一种在没有监督的情况下检测视频数据中异常事件的创新方法,利用源自视觉特征的上下文数据,有效解决视觉信息与非典型事件解释之间存在的语义差异。我们的工作结合了无人机(UAV),从不同的角度捕捉视频数据,并提供一组独特的视觉特征。具体来说,我们提出了一种通过场景理解来识别上下文的技术,该技术需要构建一个时空上下文图来表示视觉信息的各个方面。这些方面包括物体的表现、它们在时空域内的相互关系以及无人机捕捉的场景的分类。为了对上下文信息进行编码,我们使用带有消息传递的Transformer来更新图的节点和边。此外,我们还设计了一种面向图的深度变分自动编码器(VAE)方法,用于场景的无监督分类,从而能够在不同的设置中提取时空上下文图。总之,通过利用上下文数据,我们确定了帧级别的异常分数,以识别非典型事件。我们通过在三个复杂的数据集上使用该方法来评估所建议方法的有效性,特别是在UCF犯罪、Avenue和ShanghaiTech数据集上,这些数据集为该方法的成功性能提供了大量证据。
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引用次数: 0
Critical barriers and countermeasures to urban regeneration from the stakeholder perspective: a literature review 利益相关者视角下城市更新的关键障碍与对策:文献综述
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1115648
Zhiwei Liao, Menglan Liu
Urban renewal involves a wide range of stakeholders with diverse expectations and interests. Conflicts in urban renewal projects arise from intricate relationships among multiple stakeholders, hindering the urban renewal process. With a large amount of current literature examining the barriers, difficulties, and solutions in urban regeneration, a critical review is required to holistically summarize these main concerns and challenges from the stakeholder perspective. Based on 347 journal papers collected from the Web of Science core database, this study investigates the development, trajectory, and tendency of prior studies through a bibliometric analysis. Then, a critical review is documented with eight critical barriers in the economic and social aspects from the stakeholder perspective. To address these issues, this study proposes a strategic framework for value creation, collaborative governance, and benefit sharing. Accordingly, future research agendas are also presented. This study could provide researchers with a systematic understanding of the critical barriers and potential strategies in urban regeneration fields.
市区重建涉及广泛的持份者,他们有不同的期望和兴趣。城市更新项目中的冲突源于多个利益相关者之间错综复杂的关系,阻碍了城市更新的进程。目前有大量文献研究了城市更新中的障碍、困难和解决方案,因此需要从利益相关者的角度全面总结这些主要问题和挑战。本研究以Web of Science核心数据库中的347篇期刊论文为基础,通过文献计量学分析,考察了前人研究的发展、轨迹和趋势。然后,从利益相关者的角度对经济和社会方面的八个关键障碍进行了批判性审查。为了解决这些问题,本研究提出了一个价值创造、协作治理和利益共享的战略框架。据此,提出了今后的研究课题。本研究可为研究人员提供系统的了解城市更新领域的关键障碍和潜在策略。
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引用次数: 1
Humanistic geography in an indigenous community of Mexico: Santa Catarina Lachatao 墨西哥土著社区的人文地理学:Santa Catarina Lachatao
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.968406
A. C. Garcia-Luna Romero, Angélica Quiroga-Garza
Introduction The present study aim was to rethink the geographical reasoning of everyday life toward a new understanding of knowing how to think about space through an interdisciplinary approach, architecture-psychology. This allowed establishing logical relations in spatial and socio-spatial distributions and uses of social phenomena, typical of Santa Catarina Lachatao, an indigenous Mexican community in Sierra Norte Zapoteca. Methods Based on ethnographic qualitative interdisciplinary research methods along with a total of three visits lasting 15 weeks, the daily experience of people and their community in different times and spaces, experiences, perspectives, and prejudices, were studied. The geographical approach (cartographies) reflects the social construction of the spatial components as the basic understanding of the territory from everyday life. In this study we worked on indigenous citizenship and its territory, analyzing, and contrasting social phenomena such as power-subjection, wealth-poverty, and exclusion-inclusion that transversally allow us to reflect and understand some of the characteristics of diversity and territoriality of the indigenous communities in Mexico. Results Characteristics that predominating in indigenous communities was recognized and featured. This was observed in the social production of their public space which evidence intergenerational pride and sense of community and belonging and their commitment to preserve their life project sustaining their space, community, and traditions. The natural rural context emerges from the interplay between the natural landscape and the built environment (in constant expansion). The bodies of water are respected and protected by the community and the original crossings are still preserved as precious resources, just as any other natural element. Landscape takes precedence over the irregular built environment, reflected in the urban trace. Discussion Developing interdisciplinary research -architecture and psychology–allowed studying the community development of a Mexican indigenous community, respectfully approaching diversity and territoriality of Santa Catarina Lachatao, Oaxaca. Societies must be understood in and by means of space. Public policy is crucial to strengthen the autonomy and configuration of indigenous communities, warranting their active participation in the design and evaluation of government programs that favor the sustainable use of their lands and natural resources, as well as the preservation of their values and traditions. The principles of justice are chosen behind a veil of ignorance. John Rawls
引言本研究旨在通过建筑心理学这一跨学科方法,重新思考日常生活中的地理推理,从而对如何思考空间有一个新的理解。这使得在空间和社会空间分布以及社会现象的使用方面建立了逻辑关系,这是北萨波特卡山脉墨西哥土著社区Santa Catarina Lachatao的典型代表。方法采用民族志定性跨学科研究方法,共进行三次为期15周的访问,研究人们及其社区在不同时间和空间的日常体验、经验、视角和偏见。地理方法(制图)反映了空间组成部分的社会建构,作为日常生活中对领土的基本理解。在这项研究中,我们研究了土著公民身份及其领土,分析和对比了权力服从、财富贫困和排斥包容等社会现象,这些现象使我们能够横向反映和理解墨西哥土著社区的多样性和领土性的一些特征。结果在土著社区中占主导地位的特征得到了认可和突出。这一点在他们公共空间的社会生产中得到了观察,这证明了代际自豪感、社区感和归属感,以及他们致力于维护他们的生活项目,维持他们的空间、社区和传统。自然乡村环境源于自然景观和建筑环境之间的相互作用(不断扩展)。水体受到社区的尊重和保护,原始的过境点和其他任何自然元素一样,仍然作为宝贵的资源保存着。景观优先于不规则的建筑环境,体现在城市的痕迹中。讨论发展跨学科研究——建筑和心理学——可以研究墨西哥土著社区的社区发展,尊重瓦哈卡州圣卡塔琳娜·拉查托的多样性和领土性。社会必须通过空间来理解。公共政策对于加强土著社区的自主权和结构至关重要,保证他们积极参与政府方案的设计和评估,这些方案有利于可持续利用他们的土地和自然资源,并保护他们的价值观和传统。正义的原则是在无知的面纱后面选择的。约翰·罗尔斯
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引用次数: 1
Editorial: Adapting cities for transformative climate resilience: lessons from the field 社论:使城市适应变革性气候适应性:实地经验教训
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1211125
A. Daniere, D. Archer
COPYRIGHT © 2023 Daniere and Archer. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Adapting cities for transformative climate resilience: lessons from the field
版权所有©2023 Daniere and Archer。这是一篇根据知识共享署名许可(CC BY)条款发布的开放获取文章。根据公认的学术惯例,允许在其他论坛上使用、分发或复制,前提是原作者和版权所有人得到认可,并引用本期刊上的原始出版物。不允许使用、分发或复制不符合这些条款的内容。社论:使城市适应变革性气候适应性:实地经验教训
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引用次数: 0
“At the end of the day, you need to do something”: discourses on prioritization of stormwater solutions “归根结底,你需要做点什么”:关于雨水解决方案优先级的论述
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1134126
Robinson R. Low, Darby P. Swayne, Caitlin Magel, J. Israel, P. Levin
As urbanization continues to expand in the Puget Sound, Washington, USA region, stormwater management has wide ranging impacts to human and ecosystem health and is therefore fundamental to creating equitable and sustainable cities. This paper brings forward dominant discourses among stormwater experts in regard to which solutions should be implemented in the Puget Sound region and what outcomes would be most beneficial to this ecosystem. We used Q-methodology to investigate differences in prioritization of stormwater solutions currently being considered in the region and explore how emergent perspectives may affect decisions for stormwater management. We chose 29 stormwater solutions falling into three categories: source control, green infrastructure, and gray infrastructure, each leading to different co-benefits and environmental outcomes. The purpose of this study is to better understand which solutions lead to the most efficient and beneficial recovery of the Puget Sound ecosystem. Through centroid extraction analysis, we discovered three discourses that capture different themes, values, and beliefs held by stormwater experts. Within our 21 participants, each shared common stormwater goals: reducing the delivery of toxics to receiving waterways and reducing stormwater quantity. Even with these shared end goals, our participants disagreed on the prioritization and overall outcomes of solution types. Our findings are important to spark discussion between municipalities with differing worldviews and outcomes associated with stormwater management and to highlight multiple benefits associated with solutions and how they can be utilized to support environmental justice.
随着美国华盛顿州普吉特湾地区城市化的不断扩大,雨水管理对人类和生态系统健康产生了广泛影响,因此对创建公平和可持续的城市至关重要。本文就普吉特湾地区应实施哪些解决方案以及哪些结果对该生态系统最有利提出了雨水专家的主要意见。我们使用Q方法来调查该地区目前正在考虑的雨水解决方案的优先级差异,并探讨紧急视角如何影响雨水管理决策。我们选择了29种雨水解决方案,分为三类:源头控制、绿色基础设施和灰色基础设施,每种方案都会带来不同的共同效益和环境结果。本研究的目的是更好地了解哪些解决方案可以最有效、最有益地恢复普吉特湾生态系统。通过质心提取分析,我们发现了三种话语,它们捕捉了雨水专家持有的不同主题、价值观和信念。在我们的21名参与者中,每个人都有共同的雨水目标:减少向受纳水道输送有毒物质和减少雨水量。即使有这些共同的最终目标,我们的参与者在解决方案类型的优先级和总体结果上也存在分歧。我们的研究结果对于引发具有不同世界观和雨水管理成果的市政当局之间的讨论非常重要,并强调与解决方案相关的多种好处,以及如何利用这些好处来支持环境正义。
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引用次数: 0
Policy responses to real world challenges associated with NEET youth: a scoping review 应对与NEET青年相关的现实世界挑战的政策:范围界定审查
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1154464
Heidi Paabort, Paul Flynn, Mai Beilmann, Claudia Petrescu
In the last decades, young people not in education or employment have become the focus of policy-makers worldwide, and there are high political expectations for various intervention initiatives. Despite the global focus, there is currently a lack of systemic knowledge of the factors supporting policy-making. Therefore, using scoping review methodology, a systematic literature overview of research findings in 2013–2021 on young people not in education or employment will be provided. The research revealed five categories to consider from a policy-making perspective: “NEET” as a concept, the heterogeneity of the target group, the impact of policies for young people, possible interventions, and factors influencing young people's coping strategies. Based on analysis, the target group requires applying the holistic principle where the young person is a unique person whose involvement in service creation supports the service's compliance with the actual needs of young people. To support young people, it is important to consider differences within a single social group; the interaction between the different site-based policies; young people's sense of self-perception and autonomy in entering support services; possible coping strategies and the need to provide support in a time and place-based flexible and caring environment through multidisciplinary teams. The study's results support the importance of implementation and the identification of existing opportunities of the EU's reinforced Youth Guarantee guidelines and point to possible future research topics related to the target group.
在过去几十年中,没有受过教育或就业的年轻人已成为世界各地决策者关注的焦点,人们对各种干预举措抱有很高的政治期望。尽管关注全球,但目前对支持决策的因素缺乏系统的了解。因此,使用范围界定审查方法,将提供2013-2021年关于未接受教育或就业的年轻人的研究结果的系统文献综述。该研究揭示了从政策制定的角度需要考虑的五个类别:“NEET”作为一个概念,目标群体的异质性,政策对年轻人的影响,可能的干预措施,以及影响年轻人应对策略的因素。根据分析,目标群体需要应用整体原则,即年轻人是一个独特的人,参与服务创造有助于服务符合年轻人的实际需求。为了支持年轻人,重要的是要考虑到一个社会群体内部的差异;不同基于站点的策略之间的交互;青年人在接受支助服务方面的自我认知和自主意识;可能的应对策略以及通过多学科团队在基于时间和地点的灵活和关爱环境中提供支持的必要性。该研究的结果支持实施和确定欧盟强化的青年保障指导方针的现有机会的重要性,并指出了未来可能与目标群体相关的研究主题。
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引用次数: 2
Toward urban-rural linkage development: contribution of climate-adaptive agroecology in the lower Chao Phraya River Basin, Thailand 朝城乡联动发展:泰国湄南河下游气候适应性农业生态的贡献
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1146087
P. Hongsprabhas
This case study proposed a hypothesis on initiating urban-rural co-development using food as a medium to drive the transformation of the food systems and sustainable consumption. The guiding principles of the United Nations Habitat to the water-retention areas under the nature-based solution (NBS) for flood mitigation in Thailand's central region, the main rice-growing area, were applied. This study reviewed the partnerships of primary institutions, namely public, private, and universities, supporting and intertwining with civil society through Thai cultural and social norms after the 1997 economic crisis. The critical aspects included the sufficiency economy (SE) philosophy at the household level as a foundation of national policies. Recent policies and measures on food and nutrition security, alternative farming practices, and incentives to increase sustainable agroecology were prioritized post-COVID-19. This research suggests additional measures enabling agroecology and landscape improvement in rural areas connecting the cities of Ayutthaya and Bangkok to enhance market access for small producers and consumers in rural and urban areas with limited resources. A better community-based adaptation, ecological outcomes, and sustainable social inclusion in flood-prone lowlands could support Thailand's food sovereignty and capacity-building as one of the world's major food exporters under climate extremes.
该案例研究提出了一个假设,即以粮食为媒介,启动城乡共同发展,以推动粮食系统和可持续消费的转型。联合国人居署的指导原则适用于基于自然的解决方案(NBS)下的蓄水区,以缓解泰国中部地区(主要水稻种植区)的洪水。这项研究回顾了1997年经济危机后,公立、私立和大学等初级机构通过泰国文化和社会规范支持民间社会并与民间社会相互交织的伙伴关系。关键方面包括作为国家政策基础的家庭层面的充足经济哲学。新冠肺炎疫情后,最近关于粮食和营养安全、替代农业做法以及加强可持续农业生态的激励措施的政策和措施被列为优先事项。这项研究建议采取额外措施,改善连接大城府和曼谷城市的农村地区的农业生态和景观,以提高资源有限的农村和城市地区小生产者和消费者的市场准入。在易发洪水的低地,更好地进行基于社区的适应、生态成果和可持续的社会包容,可以支持泰国作为极端气候下世界主要粮食出口国之一的粮食主权和能力建设。
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引用次数: 0
The interface of disasters, sanitation, and poverty in Brazil: a sociological perspective 巴西的灾害、卫生和贫困:社会学视角
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1184532
N. Valencio, Arthur Valencio, Murilo S. Baptista
In Brazil, the high frequency and types of disasters are symptoms of misguided socioenvironmental public policies. While approximately 25% of municipalities decree emergency every year, over 75% of the occurrences are linked to sanitation issues. Such events range from the lack of urban drainage infrastructure to handle large volumes of rainwater to the insufficiency of backup water supply strategies during prolonged drought, both further impacting other precarious infrasystems such as solid waste management and sewage, with the most heavily and extensively affected group being the citizens facing poverty. Therefore, the issues of disaster, sanitation, and poverty are intertwined in Brazil. Using a network science approach, we investigate how the sociological debate is overcoming the fragmented approach about these subthemes and within the disciplinary fields in social sciences by analyzing the connections between the keywords of the open-access research articles from 2003 to 2022 from four databases. This mini review highlights the main contemporary axes between the themes, identifies the potential for tackling the gap at the interface, and clarifies the needs for future studies given the aims of the Sustainable Development Goals.
在巴西,高频率和高类型的灾害是被误导的社会环境公共政策的症状。虽然每年约有25%的市政当局颁布紧急状态令,但75%以上的事件与卫生问题有关。这些事件包括缺乏处理大量雨水的城市排水基础设施,以及在长期干旱期间缺乏备用供水战略,这两者都进一步影响了其他不稳定的基础设施系统,如固体废物管理和污水处理,受影响最严重和最广泛的群体是面临贫困的公民。因此,巴西的灾害、卫生和贫困问题交织在一起。使用网络科学方法,我们通过分析四个数据库中2003年至2022年开放获取研究文章的关键词之间的联系,研究了社会学辩论如何克服社会科学学科领域内关于这些子主题的碎片化方法。这篇小型综述强调了主题之间的当代主轴,确定了解决界面差距的潜力,并阐明了鉴于可持续发展目标的目标,未来研究的需求。
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引用次数: 1
Sustainable technologies, mega-events, and environmental awareness—Lessons from Expo 2020 Dubai 可持续技术、大型活动和环保意识——2020年迪拜世博会的经验教训
IF 2.8 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2023.1192295
Sameh Al-Shihabi, R. Aydin, A. Hadj-Alouane, Arwa Alshanasi
Different sustainable technologies were used in Expo 2020 Dubai to construct the different participating pavilions. Moreover, participating countries in the Expo have presented their state-of-the-art sustainable urban planning, transportation, and energy technologies. The purpose of using and presenting these technologies was to raise the visitors' environmental awareness. Thus, this study first presents a sample of sustainable technologies that were used or presented at the Expo. It then seeks to determine if using and presenting these technologies has fulfilled the Expo goal of raising its visitors' environmental awareness. It also tries to find out which environmental dimension was raised the most. For this purpose, a questionnaire was used to measure environmental awareness before and after visiting Expo 2020 Dubai. Statistically analyzing the responses of 1,108 frequent visitors shows that Expo 2020 Dubai achieved its goal of increasing visitors' environmental awareness, particularly the environmental attitude dimension. The findings also reveal that it is essential to have a point of interest devoted to environmental issues in similar events. This positive impact on the visitors should convince upcoming mega-event planners to follow Expo 2020 Dubai's steps. However, researchers need to develop strategies to raise the willingness to act dimension of environmental awareness.
2020年迪拜世博会采用了不同的可持续技术来建造不同的参展展馆。此外,参加世博会的国家还展示了他们最先进的可持续城市规划、交通和能源技术。使用和展示这些技术的目的是提高游客的环保意识。因此,本研究首先提供了在世博会上使用或展示的可持续技术样本。然后,它试图确定使用和展示这些技术是否实现了世博会提高游客环保意识的目标。它还试图找出哪个环境维度被提升得最多。为此,我们使用了一份问卷来衡量参观2020年迪拜世博会前后的环境意识。对1108名常客的反应进行统计分析表明,2020年迪拜世博会实现了提高游客环境意识的目标,特别是在环境态度方面。研究结果还表明,在类似事件中,关注环境问题至关重要。这种对游客的积极影响应该会说服即将到来的大型活动策划人员效仿2020年迪拜世博会的做法。然而,研究人员需要制定策略来提高环境意识的行动意愿。
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引用次数: 0
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Frontiers in Sustainable Cities
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