International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献_第3页

Characteristics of ethanol natural evaporation in capillary tubes with multiple environmental conditions 多种环境条件下乙醇在毛细管中自然蒸发特性研究

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128403

Zhuorui Li , Yali Guo , Panagiotis E. Theodorakis , Rachid Bennacer , Bin Liu

Capillary evaporation is crucial for applications such as microfluidics, microchannel heat exchange, and inkjet printing. However, predicting the behavior of such systems becomes challenging due to the coupling of flow characteristics and heat and mass transfer under the influence of environmental conditions. Currently, the effects of ambient conditions on the evaporation mechanisms within capillaries remain unclear. To fill this gap, ethanol evaporation in capillary tubes under combined external airflow and radiation was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Airflow velocity, radiation source temperature, and placement distance were systematically varied to quantitatively analyze their synergistic effects on the evaporation characteristics, including the evaporation rate, temperature gradient distribution, and flow pattern evolution. The findings demonstrate that during the initial rapid evaporation stage with pinned meniscus at the capillary mouth, increased airflow velocity and radiation source temperature significantly promoted evaporation, with airflow exhibiting stronger influence. As the meniscus receded deeper at later stages, radiative effect gradually increases. A simplistic heat transfer model was developed for the environmentally sensitive initial stage to distinguish the relative influence proportions. The model provided predictions in agreement with the experimental results. We find that airflow's influence proportion increased with velocity (from 82% to 99.7%), while radiation's increased with temperature and reduced distance (from 0.3% to 18%). Notably, radiation's influence proportion growth accelerated with rising temperature, highlighting its significance for enhanced heat transfer in capillary-confined liquids beyond certain thresholds. We anticipate that our work might provide guidance for optimizing microchannel heat transfer systems, such as lab-on-a-chip devices.

毛细管蒸发对于微流体、微通道热交换和喷墨打印等应用至关重要。然而，在环境条件的影响下，由于流动特性和传热传质的耦合，预测此类系统的行为变得具有挑战性。目前，环境条件对毛细管内蒸发机制的影响尚不清楚。为了填补这一空白，在实验和理论上研究了外气流和辐射联合作用下乙醇在毛细管中的蒸发。系统改变气流速度、辐射源温度和放置距离，定量分析三者对蒸发速率、温度梯度分布和流型演变等蒸发特性的协同效应。研究结果表明，在毛细管口固定半月板的初始快速蒸发阶段，气流速度和辐射源温度的增加显著促进了蒸发，其中气流的影响更强。随着半月板在后期消退，辐射效应逐渐增强。建立了环境敏感初始阶段的简化传热模型，以区分相对影响比例。该模型提供了与实验结果一致的预测。我们发现气流的影响比例随着速度的增加而增加（从82%增加到99.7%），而辐射的影响比例随着温度和距离的减小而增加（从0.3%增加到18%）。值得注意的是，辐射的影响比例随着温度的升高而加速增长，这突出了它对超过一定阈值的毛细管约束液体中强化传热的重要性。我们期望我们的工作可以为优化微通道传热系统提供指导，例如芯片上的实验室设备。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental studies and large eddy simulations of TPMS-based effusion cooling 基于tpms的射流冷却实验研究及大涡模拟

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128417

Yuli Cheng, Kirttayoth Yeranee, Yu Rao

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattices are attracting attention in industry for their outstanding thermal and mechanical performance. The present study investigates two TPMS-based effusion cooling designs, the Diamond and the Gyroid, at a lattice scale compatible with additively manufactured turbine blades, with a primary focus on downstream coolant coverage. Adiabatic cooling effectiveness, η, is measured using pressure sensitive paint, and the internal and external flow structures are discussed using large eddy simulation. Discharge coefficients are also measured to compare the flow resistance. Experiments show that the adiabatic cooling effectiveness of both TPMS designs increases as the injection ratio rises from 2.3% to 11.3% without jet lift-off. The area-averaged η values of the Diamond and the Gyroid lattices are up to 6 times and 4 times that of film cooling at high injection ratios, respectively. Additionally, the TPMS effusion cooling configurations provide at most 85% and 63% lower coolant pressure drops. The Diamond design significantly outperforms the Gyroid by 26% – 58% in adiabatic cooling effectiveness and 52% in discharge coefficient, highlighting the importance of structural design in lattice-based effusion cooling. LES results reveal that the coolant in the Diamond lattice undergoes “merge-split” cycles, which intensify momentum and heat transfer. Meanwhile, the external flow emerges as several counter-rotating vortex pairs that promote downstream lateral spreading into a continuous film. In the Gyroid lattice, the inherent through-holes result in high velocity and recirculation zones inside. The resulting flow shear generates strong turbulence, accelerating initial mixing, thereby limiting the cooling enhancement relative to the Diamond design and increasing flow resistance.

三周期极小表面（TPMS）晶格以其优异的热学性能和力学性能引起了工业界的广泛关注。本研究研究了两种基于tpms的射流冷却设计，即Diamond和Gyroid，它们在晶格尺度上与增材制造的涡轮叶片兼容，主要关注下游冷却剂的覆盖范围。用压敏涂料测量了绝热冷却效率η，用大涡模拟讨论了内部和外部流动结构。还测量了流量系数以比较流动阻力。实验结果表明，在没有射流升力的情况下，两种TPMS设计的绝热冷却效果都随着喷射比从2.3%增加到11.3%而增加。在高喷射比下，金刚石晶格和Gyroid晶格的面积平均η值分别是膜冷却时的6倍和4倍。此外，TPMS射流冷却配置最多可将冷却剂压降降低85%和63%。在绝热冷却效率和流量系数方面，Diamond设计显著优于Gyroid，分别高出26% - 58%和52%，这凸显了结构设计在基于晶格的射流冷却中的重要性。LES结果表明，金刚石晶格中的冷却剂经历了“合并-分裂”循环，这加剧了动量和热量的传递。与此同时，外部流动以几个反向旋转的涡对的形式出现，促使下游横向扩展成一个连续的膜。在陀螺晶格中，固有的通孔导致了内部的高速和再循环区。由此产生的流动剪切产生强烈的湍流，加速了初始混合，从而限制了相对于Diamond设计的冷却增强，并增加了流动阻力。

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引用次数: 0

Study of an immersion battery thermal management system based on hydrofluoroether fluid 基于氢氟醚流体的浸没式电池热管理系统研究

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128422

Yuhao Luo , Ruitian Zhou , Chuanle Zhu , Shuangfeng Wang

This study investigates an immersion battery thermal management system based on hydrofluoroether fluid, with a focus on the impact of fluid flow on battery temperature under varying flow rates and discharge conditions. Experimental results show that the optimal volumetric flow rate for horizontally and vertically placed batteries is 50 mL/min and 60 mL/min, respectively, under a 3C discharge rate. At these flow rates, the maximum battery temperatures are 39.55°C and 39.84°C, respectively, demonstrating efficient temperature control. Further increases in flow rate lead to a diminishing effect on temperature reduction, indicating the presence of a saturation effect. Additionally, the study reveals that the vertically placed battery exhibits larger temperature differences and greater temperature nonuniformity compared to the horizontally placed battery under high discharge rates. Specifically, the maximum temperature difference for the vertically placed battery reaches 4.65°C, while it is only 3.87°C for the horizontally placed one. The study also highlights the critical role of both natural and forced convection in the heat transfer process, with mixed convection showing varying effectiveness depending on the battery orientation and flow conditions. This research provides valuable theoretical insights and practical guidance for optimizing IBTMS design, ensuring safe and stable battery operation under high-power discharge conditions.

研究了一种基于氢氟醚流体的浸没式电池热管理系统，重点研究了不同流量和放电条件下流体流动对电池温度的影响。实验结果表明，在3C放电速率下，水平放置和垂直放置电池的最佳体积流量分别为50 mL/min和60 mL/min。在这些流量下，电池的最高温度分别为39.55°C和39.84°C，显示出有效的温度控制。流量的进一步增加导致温度降低的效果减弱，表明存在饱和效应。此外，研究表明，在高放电速率下，垂直放置的电池比水平放置的电池表现出更大的温差和更大的温度不均匀性。其中，垂直放置的电池最大温差为4.65℃，水平放置的电池最大温差仅为3.87℃。该研究还强调了自然对流和强制对流在传热过程中的关键作用，混合对流根据电池的方向和流动条件表现出不同的效果。本研究为优化IBTMS设计，确保电池在大功率放电条件下安全稳定运行提供了有价值的理论见解和实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Design and fabrication of high-permeability plain-woven ceramic matrix composites: Experimental and numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics 高渗透陶瓷基复合材料的设计与制造：流动与传热特性的实验与数值研究

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128399

Tao Ding , Shiyu Qian , Hua Zhou , Hainan Zhang , Xiaoxuan Chen , Weigang Ma

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), distinguished by their high-temperature resistance, low density, and high specific strength, are extensively employed in the hot-end components of aero-engines. The pores inside CMCs can serve as seepage channels for transpiration cooling. This study obtained the permeability and inertial coefficient of two-dimensional plain-woven (2DPW) CMCs by experiments and then established a parametric modeling method and pore-scale simulation methodology specifically for 2DPW, and the internal flow mechanism was analyzed. Firstly, an experimental investigation was conducted to explore the flow characteristics, and the permeability and inertial coefficients among different porous medium were compared. Second, the internal geometric structure of the material was captured using a micro-computed tomography scanning method, and a simplified parametric modeling method was developed. Third, a representative volume element was constructed for pore-scale internal flow simulations. Numerically predicted pressure drops versus flow rate characteristics were validated against experimental data. Finally, an analysis was conducted on the internal flow and heat transfer characteristics, and the flow resistance as well as the volumetric convective heat transfer coefficient were acquired. The results indicated that the complex pore structure induced by inter-layer misalignment gives rise to high fluid tortuosity, resulting in significant variations in the magnitude and direction of the flow velocity, which contribute to the high inertial resistance. For the coupled flow and heat transfer process, the numerical simulation results show that the staggered 2D plain woven structure forces the fluid to pass through the inter-layer pores when flowing through the woven meshes of different layers, which generates substantial flow resistance while enhancing the heat transfer performance. The high-velocity flow within the narrow inter-layer pores provides the basis for high heat transfer, and the dual heat sources are derived from both the high-temperature solid matrix and the high-temperature swirling flow in the inter-bundle pores. This study provided guidance for the establishment of 2DPW geometric models, the analysis of flow and heat transfer characteristics, and the gradient porosity design in transpiration cooling.

陶瓷基复合材料具有耐高温、低密度、高比强度等特点，在航空发动机热端部件中得到了广泛应用。cmc内部的孔隙可以作为蒸腾冷却的渗流通道。通过实验获得二维平面编织（2DPW） cmc的渗透率和惯性系数，建立了专门针对二维平面编织（2DPW） cmc的参数化建模方法和孔隙尺度模拟方法，并对其内部流动机理进行了分析。首先进行了流动特性实验研究，比较了不同多孔介质间的渗透率和惯性系数。其次，利用微计算机断层扫描方法捕获材料内部几何结构，并建立了简化的参数化建模方法；第三，构建具有代表性的孔隙尺度内部流动模拟体积元。通过实验数据验证了数值预测的压降与流量的关系。最后对其内部流动和换热特性进行了分析，得到了流动阻力和体积对流换热系数。结果表明：层间错位引起的复杂孔隙结构导致了流体的高挠度，导致流速大小和方向的显著变化，从而导致了高惯性阻力。对于流动与换热耦合过程，数值模拟结果表明，交错的二维平面编织结构迫使流体在流过不同层的编织网格时穿过层间孔隙，在增强传热性能的同时产生了较大的流动阻力。窄层间孔隙内的高速流动为高换热提供了基础，双热源来源于高温固体基质和束间孔隙内的高温旋流。该研究为2DPW几何模型的建立、流动传热特性的分析以及蒸腾冷却的梯度孔隙度设计提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism of condensation heat transfer enhancement by secondary flow in curved tubes under microgravity 微重力条件下弯曲管内二次流强化冷凝换热的机理

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128410

Zipei Su, Kejun Ou, Zhenhui He, Zhenrui Wang

This study investigates the enhancement mechanism of condensation heat transfer in curved tubes under microgravity via three-dimensional numerical simulations of CO₂ flow condensation. A validated model integrating Volume of Fluid (VOF) method and Lee phase-change model was adopted to capture the vapor-liquid interface and simulate the condensation process. The results indicate that the liquid film distribution in curved tubes under microgravity is governed by the competition between centrifugal inertia and vapor-driven secondary flow. With increasing vapor velocity, the intensified secondary flow overwhelms centrifugal inertia, leading to "liquid film inversion" phenomenon, where the thick liquid film migrates from the outer to the inner wall of the bend. Comparative analysis with straight tubes demonstrates that the secondary flow in curved tubes drastically reduces the circumferential thermal resistance of the liquid film by inducing intense internal mixing and convection. This enhancement originates from two synergistic effects: first, the thinning of the liquid film on the outer wall, which intensifies interfacial condensation; second, the strengthened convective heat transfer within the liquid film on the inner wall. It is conclusively established that the vapor-phase secondary flow is the pivotal mechanism for heat transfer enhancement. Its intensity can be governed by vapor inertial forces and can be actively regulated by vapor quality, mass flux, and tube curvature. This work provides fundamental insights and theoretical support for the design of high-performance condensers in two-phase thermal management systems of spacecraft.

通过对CO₂流动冷凝过程的三维数值模拟，研究了微重力条件下弯曲管内冷凝换热的强化机理。采用流体体积法（VOF）和Lee相变模型相结合的验证模型捕捉汽液界面，模拟冷凝过程。结果表明，微重力条件下弯曲管内液膜分布受离心惯性和蒸汽驱动二次流的竞争支配。随着汽速的增加，强化的二次流压倒了离心惯性，形成了“液膜倒转”现象，厚液膜从弯道外侧向内壁迁移。与直管的对比分析表明，弯曲管内的二次流通过诱导强烈的内部混合和对流，大大降低了液膜的周向热阻。这种增强源于两种协同效应：一是外壁液膜变薄，界面凝结加剧；二是内壁液膜内对流换热增强。结果表明，气相二次流是强化传热的关键机制。其强度可由蒸气惯性力控制，并可由蒸气质量、质量通量和管曲率主动调节。该工作为航天器两相热管理系统中高性能冷凝器的设计提供了基础见解和理论支持。

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引用次数: 0

Fully diamond-based embedded manifold microchannel heat sink: Achieving ultra-high heat flux cooling 全金刚石基嵌入式歧管微通道散热器：实现超高热流密度冷却

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128420

Jianyu Du , Xinyi Wei , Haoyang Sun , Shangyang Shi , Jiale Tu , Feng Ji , Junjun Wei , Wei Wang , Chi Zhang

Silicon-based manifold microchannel heat sinks (MMHSs) have demonstrated strong heat dissipation capability but show clear performance limitations under extreme heat fluxes. Diamond, with its exceptional thermal conductivity, offers a promising pathway toward managing ultra-high heat fluxes. However, studies on diamond-based MMHSs that integrate manifold architectures for efficient fluid delivery remain relatively limited. Here, we present a fully diamond-based embedded manifold microchannel heat sink (FDMMHS) for ultra-high heat flux thermal management. Two configurations with channel widths of 100 μm and 50 μm were fabricated and tested using heat sources of 1 mm × 1 mm and 3.4 mm × 3.3 mm, respectively. The 1 mm × 1 mm hotspot sustained a record high heat flux of 10,000 W·cm⁻² with a temperature rise of 120 K, while the larger 3.4 mm × 3.3 mm heat source handled 1000 W·cm⁻² with only a 42 K temperature rise. The corresponding effective convective heat transfer coefficients reached 1.3 × 10⁵ W·m⁻²·K⁻¹ (50 μm channels, large heat source) and 3.5 × 10⁴ W·m⁻²·K⁻¹ (100 μm channels, small heat source), among the highest values reported for single-phase microfluidic cooling. These results highlight the synergistic advantages of diamond’s superior thermal conductivity and manifold-based flow routing architectures. The FDMMHS demonstrates good potential for compact electronic systems requiring reliable heat management. It also provides a foundation for further optimization through advanced diamond microfabrication.

硅基流形微通道散热器（mmhs）具有很强的散热能力，但在极端热通量下表现出明显的性能限制。金刚石具有优异的导热性，为管理超高热通量提供了一条有希望的途径。然而，对集成了多种结构以实现高效流体输送的金刚石基mmhs的研究仍然相对有限。在这里，我们提出了一种完全基于金刚石的嵌入式歧管微通道散热器（FDMMHS），用于超高热流通量热管理。在1 mm × 1 mm和3.4 mm × 3.3 mm的热源下，制备了通道宽度为100 μm和50 μm的两种结构，并进行了测试。1毫米× 1毫米的热点持续了10,000 W·cm⁻²的高热流，温度上升了120 K，而更大的3.4毫米× 3.3毫米热源处理了1000 W·cm⁻²，温度仅上升了42 K。相应的有效对流传热系数达到1.3 × 10 μ W·m⁻²·K⁻¹（50 μm通道，大热源）和3.5 × 10⁴W·m⁻²·K⁻¹（100 μm通道，小热源），是单相微流体冷却中报道的最高值。这些结果突出了金刚石优越的导热性和基于歧管的流体路径结构的协同优势。FDMMHS在需要可靠热管理的紧凑型电子系统中显示出良好的潜力。它还为通过先进的金刚石微加工进一步优化提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to ‘Understanding the nugget evolution during resistance spot welding of multilayer thin aluminum foils and tab’ [International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 257 (2026) 128236] “理解多层薄铝箔和板材电阻点焊过程中的熔核演变”的勘误表[International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer] 257 (2026) 128236]

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128385

Taosif Alam , Ho Kwon , Xun Liu , Teresa J. Rinker , Wayne Cai

引用次数: 0

Effect of wall thickness on heat flow conditions in directed energy deposition 定向能沉积中壁厚对热流条件的影响

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128414

Shenliang Yang , Alexander D. Goodall , Xiaoliang Jin , Xiao Shang , Yu Zou , Lova Chechik

Heat flow conditions vary significantly in Directed Energy Deposition (DED), such as during the repair of structures with varying cross sections. While classical thermal analyses emphasize conduction, heat losses through convection and radiation can be consequential in thin-wall geometries. This can lead to certain geometries experiencing heat accumulation with build height, while in other geometries, the temperature decreases as the build height increases. To quantify how heat flow mechanisms vary with wall thickness, in this study, in-situ coaxial monitoring was combined with a finite element (FE) model that accounts for conduction, convection, and radiation. Measured melt pool thermal intensities during the deposition of 9 Inconel 718 walls with thicknesses ranging from thin- to thick-wall regimes are compared with FE-based predictions. The results show that conduction is the dominant heat transfer mechanism between the melt pool and the surrounding materials in all cases during deposition; however, convective and radiative losses of the melt pool are non-negligible in thin-wall regimes, being responsible for up to 35 % of the total heat losses. Meanwhile, the relative importance of convection/radiation of the melt pool was found to increase as sections narrow. In addition, the minimum heat loss of the melt pool (and the maximum thermal intensity) was observed at an intermediate wall thickness (2.1 mm), while the total heat losses of the melt pool increased by 39 % in a 1.1 mm wall thickness and by 17 % in a 9.1 mm wall thickness. These strongly non-linear thermal relationships lead to the conclusion that samples wider than 4 mm can be treated as “bulk”, for which conduction-dominated assumptions are adequate in thermal analysis; sections with a thickness less than 4 mm require convection and radiation to be considered. These findings could provide guidance in the selection of deposition parameters and modeling assumptions to ensure consistent DED repairs across highly variable cross-sections.

在定向能沉积（DED）中，热流条件变化很大，例如在具有不同截面的结构的修复过程中。虽然经典的热分析强调传导，但在薄壁几何形状中，对流和辐射的热损失可能是必然的。这可能导致某些几何形状随着建筑高度的增加而经历热量积累，而在其他几何形状中，温度随着建筑高度的增加而降低。为了量化热流机制随壁厚的变化，本研究将原位同轴监测与考虑传导、对流和辐射的有限元（FE）模型相结合。测量了9种厚度从薄壁到厚壁的Inconel 718壁沉积过程中的熔池热强度，并与基于fe的预测结果进行了比较。结果表明：在沉积过程中，热传导是熔池与周围材料之间的主要传热机制；然而，在薄壁条件下，熔池的对流和辐射损失是不可忽略的，占总热损失的35%。同时，对流/辐射的相对重要性随着截面的缩小而增加。此外，在中等壁厚（2.1 mm）时，熔池的最小热损失（和最大热强度）被观察到，而在1.1 mm壁厚时，熔池的总热损失增加了39%，在9.1 mm壁厚时增加了17%。这些强烈的非线性热关系导致的结论是，样品的宽度大于4毫米可以被视为“体”，其中传导主导的假设是充分的热分析；厚度小于4毫米的截面需要考虑对流和辐射。这些发现可以为沉积参数的选择和建模假设提供指导，以确保在高度可变的截面上进行一致的DED修复。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of thermal contact resistance and membrane electrode assembly deformation on heat and mass transfer in proton exchange membrane fuel cell with interdigitated flow fields 接触热阻和膜电极组件变形对交叉流场质子交换膜燃料电池传热传质的影响

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128418

Ben-Xi Zhang , Run-Ze Niu , Kai-Qi Zhu , Yan-Ru Yang , Xiao-Dong Wang

This study establishes a three-dimensional, two-phase, non-isothermal proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model incorporating thermal contact resistance (TCR) and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) deformation induced by 0–30 kPa pressure differences. Using an interdigitated flow field, we systematically investigate the coupled effects of TCR thickness (0–3 µm) and pressure differential on heat transfer, oxygen transport, and water management. The results show that increasing TCR raises internal MEA temperature, reduces membrane water content, and decreases oxygen molar concentration at the gas diffusion layer (GDL)–catalyst layer (CL) interface. A moderate pressure difference (20 kPa) enhances lateral convection and evaporative cooling, mitigating temperature rise and improving oxygen availability. Polarization and power density curves indicate that performance degradation due to increased TCR can be partially offset by applying a 20 kPa pressure difference. The findings highlight the interplay between TCR and pressure difference in governing multiphase transport and electrochemical performance, offering guidance for thermal management and flow field design in PEMFC with curved MEA

本研究建立了一个三维、两相、非等温质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）模型，该模型考虑了0-30 kPa压力差引起的热接触电阻（TCR）和膜电极组件（MEA）变形。利用交叉流场，我们系统地研究了TCR厚度（0-3µm）和压差对传热、氧输送和水管理的耦合影响。结果表明：TCR的增加会提高内部MEA温度，降低膜含水量，降低气体扩散层(GDL) -催化剂层（CL）界面的氧摩尔浓度；适度的压差（20 kPa）增强了侧向对流和蒸发冷却，减缓了温度升高，提高了氧气的可用性。极化和功率密度曲线表明，施加20 kPa的压差可以部分抵消TCR增加导致的性能下降。研究结果强调了TCR和压差在控制多相输运和电化学性能方面的相互作用，为弯曲MEA的PEMFC的热管理和流场设计提供了指导

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic enhancement of cryogenic quenching using porous low-thermal-conductivity coatings 多孔低导热涂层协同增强低温淬火性能

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128393

Chunkai Guo, Peng Zhang

Applying a porous low-thermal-conductivity coating layer on the surface is an effective method to enhance cryogenic quenching process. However, existing studies have not thoroughly explored the mechanisms of quenching enhancement by the porous structures, nor have they systematically optimized the structural parameters of porous coating for cryogenic quenching process. Therefore, in this study, an effective method of cryogenic quenching enhancement employing a porous low-thermal-conductivity coating is proposed. The pool quenching experiments are carried out using a pristine rodlet, eight rodlets coated with pure Teflon layers of varying thicknesses, and fifteen rodlets coated with porous Teflon layers of different thicknesses and porosities. It is found that the chilldown time of the rodlets with porous Teflon coating layer is reduced by approximately 56.3 %–82.8 % relative to the bare rodlet. By comparing the boiling curves of the rodlets with pure Teflon coating layers and porous Teflon coating layers, the mechanism of synergistic enhancement of cryogenic quenching by porous low-thermal-conductivity coatings is revealed. Furthermore, it can be found that the porous Teflon coating layer with a porosity greater than 45 % exhibits a higher heat flux across the entire cryogenic quenching process compared with the pure Teflon coating layer under the condition of similar thermal resistance. This work paves a new design strategy to enhance cryogenic quenching performance across the entire regime of quenching process.

在表面涂敷多孔低导热涂层是提高低温淬火性能的有效方法。然而，现有的研究并没有深入探索多孔结构增强淬火的机理，也没有系统地优化多孔涂层低温淬火工艺的结构参数。因此，本研究提出了一种利用多孔低导热涂层进行低温淬火强化的有效方法。池淬实验采用一个原始棒、8个棒涂覆不同厚度的纯聚四氟乙烯层和15个棒涂覆不同厚度和孔隙率的多孔聚四氟乙烯层进行。结果表明，多孔聚四氟乙烯涂层的结晶器冷却时间比裸结晶器冷却时间缩短56.3% ~ 82.8%。通过对比纯聚四氟乙烯涂层和多孔聚四氟乙烯涂层的小棒沸腾曲线，揭示了多孔低导热涂层协同增强低温淬火的机理。在相同的热阻条件下，孔隙率大于45%的多孔Teflon涂层比纯Teflon涂层在整个低温淬火过程中表现出更高的热流密度。这项工作为在整个淬火过程中提高低温淬火性能奠定了新的设计策略。

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引用次数: 0