International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献_第7页

Jet stability and mass transfer analysis of a novel high-speed swirl nozzle 新型高速旋流喷管射流稳定性及传质分析

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128373

Yadong Xiao , Yan Liu , Xiang Li , Tingan Zhang , Kun Wang

A novel type of high-speed swirl nozzle was biomimetically designed based on the wing profile of a frigatebird and streamlined. The wing profile of the frigatebird with scimitar-shaped protrusions is adopted as the side wall of the swirl tube. The spiral direction of the swirl tube is designed such that the protrusion side faces forward to break through the gas flow. The superior gas stability and gas-liquid mass transfer capability resulting from this biomimetic design was confirmed through a combination of experiments and numerical simulation. Due to the gas dispersion effect of the swirl holes, high-frequency unstable oscillations in the initial section of the jet are alleviated. The coalescence of microbubbles is weakened, resulting in the reduction of the jet expansion amplitude. The corresponding gas reverse impact is weakened. The superior stability can be quantitatively analyzed. Variance and Allan deviation of the jet root radius is half that of a pressure-type nozzle. The high-frequency signals of the jet root radius in the range of 100-150 Hz have been significantly reduced as determined by the Continuous Wavelet Transform. Besides, the jet half-width of the novel nozzle is 3.16 times that of a straight-tube and 1.89 times that of a pressure-type nozzle. Due to the acceleration effect, the horizontal penetration depth of the novel swirl nozzle is 2.15 to 2.37 times that of a straight-tube, and reaches 52.93 % to 73.09 % of that of a pressure-type nozzle. Numerical simulation determined that flow field velocity under the novel swirl nozzle can be improved in the double-side-blown process. The gas-liquid mass transfer capability is 1.66 times that of the straight-tube. The component diffusion capability is 1.49 times that of the straight-tube.

基于军舰鸟的翼型，设计了一种新型的高速旋流喷管。旋流管的侧壁采用了护卫舰鸟具有弯刀状突起的翼型。旋流管的螺旋方向设计为突出面朝前以突破气流。通过实验和数值模拟相结合，证实了仿生设计所带来的优越的气体稳定性和气液传质能力。由于旋流孔的气体弥散作用，减轻了射流初始段的高频不稳定振荡。微气泡的聚并减弱，导致射流膨胀幅度减小。相应的气体反向冲击减弱。可以定量分析其优越的稳定性。射流根半径的方差和艾伦偏差是压力型喷嘴的一半。通过连续小波变换，确定了100 ~ 150hz范围内射流根半径的高频信号明显减小。该喷嘴的射流半宽是直管型喷嘴的3.16倍，是压力型喷嘴的1.89倍。由于加速度效应，新型旋流喷管的水平侵深是直管式喷管的2.15 ~ 2.37倍，达到压力式喷管的52.93% ~ 73.09%。数值模拟结果表明，在双吹过程中，新型旋流喷嘴下的流场速度可以得到提高。气液传质能力是直管的1.66倍。组分扩散能力是直管扩散能力的1.49倍。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of the dynamic mechanisms of droplet impact and spray cooling on heated surfaces under sub-atmospheric pressure 亚大气压下液滴撞击和喷雾冷却在受热表面的动力学机制研究

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128341

Ruina Xu, Gaoyuan Wang, Chao Wang, Zhihao Zhang, Peixue Jiang

Spray cooling, a method that combines impingement convection and phase-change heat transfer, has become a promising technique for high-heat-flux devices due to its advantages, including high cooling capacity and low fluid consumption. However, under sub-atmospheric pressure conditions, the impact behaviour of droplets and the mechanisms of spray cooling remain unclear, limiting their application in aerospace and other fields. This study focuses on micron-sized droplets in spray cooling, observing the accelerated rebound phenomenon when impacting heated surfaces under sub-atmospheric pressure, and revealing the combined mechanisms of interfacial evaporation pressure and capillary pressure. Furthermore, this study establishes a physical model of the vapour film evolution during droplet impact and analyses the influence of environmental pressure on this process. A dimensionless number, Ev, is proposed to quantify the relative strength of the vapour film pressure compared with the liquid capillary pressure. It accurately captures the onset of interfacial depressions at the liquid–vapour interface and the associated droplet rebound during impact. Extending the analysis to spray-cooling processes under sub-atmospheric conditions, the study shows that reducing the ambient pressure alone does not necessarily enhance cooling performance. For R134a spray cooling at 8.4 kPa, the cooling capacity maximum increases by approximately 42.3 % compared with 1 atm. The proposed low-pressure spray-cooling correlation predicts the data with errors of <20 %. In addition, the increased temperature of a large surface will lead to intensified flash evaporation, and it is necessary to optimise the spray spacing and coverage area to ensure cooling efficiency.

喷雾冷却是一种结合了碰撞对流和相变换热的方法，具有冷却能力高、流体消耗少等优点，已成为高热流密度装置的一种有前途的技术。然而，在亚大气压条件下，液滴的撞击行为和喷雾冷却机制尚不清楚，限制了其在航空航天等领域的应用。本研究以微米级液滴在喷雾冷却过程中为研究对象，观察了在亚大气压下冲击受热表面时的加速回弹现象，揭示了界面蒸发压力和毛细压力的联合作用机理。此外，本文还建立了液滴撞击过程中汽膜演化的物理模型，并分析了环境压力对这一过程的影响。提出了一个无量纲数Ev来量化气膜压力与液体毛细管压力的相对强度。它准确地捕捉了液-气界面的界面凹陷的开始，以及在撞击过程中相关的液滴反弹。将分析扩展到亚大气条件下的喷雾冷却过程，研究表明，仅降低环境压力并不一定能提高冷却性能。对于8.4 kPa的R134a喷雾冷却，制冷量最大值比1atm增大约42.3%。所提出的低压喷冷关联预测数据误差为20%。此外，大表面温度的升高会导致闪蒸加剧，需要优化喷雾间距和覆盖面积，以保证冷却效率。

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引用次数: 0

Condensation of supersaturated water vapor in mineral wool subjected to a temperature gradient: An NMR study 温度梯度下矿棉中过饱和水蒸气的冷凝：核磁共振研究

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128368

Hristina Dragovic , Leo Pel , Daniela S. Damaceno , Ole H.H. Meyer , Å smund Ervik

Insulated pipelines located outdoors are subjected to fluctuations in ambient temperature and humidity. Weather conditions significantly contribute to humidity migrating into pipe insulation, and subsequent condensation on the cold side within the system. Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a degradation mechanism closely related to prolonged impact of retained liquid water on the pipe metal surface beneath the insulation. However, the thermodynamic parameters that indicate condensation within mineral wool insulation remain insufficiently investigated. In this study, we present experimental work using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to measure moisture content in mineral wool subjected to a temperature gradient and air with controlled relative humidity at the warm side. The results show that significant supersaturation of humid air occurs before and during condensation, and that the condensation region length increases linearly with the relative humidity of the warm air. The measured moisture content is close to the values estimated with a simple mass conservation model. These findings have important implications for monitoring temperature and relative humidity in mineral wool insulation to asses the amount of condensed liquid water in a thermal gradient, thereby improving methods for detecting corrosion under insulation.

位于室外的绝缘管道容易受到环境温度和湿度的波动。天气条件对湿度迁移到管道隔热层以及随后系统内冷侧的冷凝有很大影响。保温层下腐蚀（CUI）是一种劣化机制，与保温层下管道金属表面滞留液态水的长期影响密切相关。然而，表明矿棉绝缘中凝结的热力学参数仍然没有得到充分的研究。在这项研究中，我们提出了实验工作，使用核磁共振（NMR）来测量矿棉在温度梯度和温暖侧控制相对湿度的空气中的水分含量。结果表明：湿空气在凝结前和凝结过程中均存在明显的过饱和现象，凝结区长度随暖空气相对湿度的增加呈线性增加；测得的含水率与用简单的质量守恒模型估计的值接近。这些发现对于监测矿棉绝缘材料的温度和相对湿度，以评估热梯度中冷凝液态水的数量，从而改进检测绝缘材料腐蚀的方法具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Design and heat transfer performances of thermal diode based on the optimal vapor channel by topology optimization 基于拓扑优化的最优蒸汽通道热二极管设计及其传热性能

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128355

Jianhua Xiang, Linxin Long, Yongfeng Zheng, Zhipeng Chen, Jiale Huang

Traditional heat pipe design largely relies on empirical methods and trial-and-error analysis, lacking sufficient theoretical guidance for achieving optimal structural configurations. In this study, a novel thermal diode featuring an asymmetric flow-resistance vapor channel is designed using the density-based topology optimization method. To enhance structural versatility, five channel designs with varying aspect ratios are optimized. The unidirectional flow performance of the optimized structures is validated through three-dimensional fluid simulations, and their heat transfer performance is experimentally evaluated. Results show that the proposed thermal diode exhibits excellent unidirectional heat transfer characteristics. A maximum reverse-to-forward thermal resistance ratio (K) of 6.21 is achieved when the vapor channel is offset by 25 mm toward the evaporation section, with a liquid filling ratio of 25 % and a heating power of 8 W. Moreover, the thermal resistance ratio (K) increases progressively with higher heating power. This study introduces a density-based topology optimization strategy for vapor-channel design in thermal diodes and establishes an asymmetric flow-resistance architecture to realize efficient unidirectional heat transfer without complex microstructures, thereby providing a new structural design paradigm for convection-type thermal diodes.

传统的热管设计很大程度上依赖于经验方法和试错分析，缺乏足够的理论指导来实现最优结构配置。本文采用基于密度的拓扑优化方法，设计了一种具有非对称流阻蒸汽通道的新型热二极管。为了提高结构的通用性，优化了具有不同纵横比的五个通道设计。通过三维流体模拟验证了优化结构的单向流动性能，并对其换热性能进行了实验评估。结果表明，所设计的热二极管具有良好的单向传热特性。当蒸汽通道向蒸发段偏移25 mm，充液率为25%，加热功率为8 W时，最大逆正热阻比(K)为6.21。随着加热功率的增大，热阻比(K)逐渐增大。本研究提出了一种基于密度的热二极管蒸汽通道设计拓扑优化策略，并建立了一种不对称流阻结构，在不复杂微结构的情况下实现了高效的单向换热，从而为对流型热二极管提供了一种新的结构设计范式。

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引用次数: 0

Bubble dynamics and heat transfer characteristics during boiling of water droplets on flexible PDMS substrates 柔性PDMS基板上水滴沸腾过程中的气泡动力学和传热特性

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128364

Qiaoling Xiong , Lu Liu , Xuanyu Zhu , Yuping Li , Teng Wang , Xinyu Dong

The droplet boiling on flexible substrates holds significant potential for applications in spray cooling, printed electronics, and microfluidics. This study systematically investigates the boiling behavior of water droplets on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with varying elastic modulus and superheat, combining high-speed imaging and infrared thermometry to analyze bubble dynamics, heat transfer, and interfacial stability. Experimental results show that more flexible substrates effectively modulate bubble nucleation and growth, suppress droplet splashing and contact line depinning, and increase the critical substrate superheat for the transition from nucleate to transition boiling from 100°C for a PDMS substrate with a curing ratio of 10:1 to 140°C for a PDMS substrate with a 50:1 curing ratio. Enhanced interfacial pinning is attributed to elastic strain energy stored in the wetting ridge. During bubble collapse, substrate deformation dissipates potential energy, inhibiting shock waves and jet formation. This energy dissipation mechanism not only accelerates the decay of the pinning force but also mitigates violent flow disturbances, significantly improving droplet stability in high-temperature conditions.

在柔性基板上的液滴沸腾在喷雾冷却、印刷电子和微流体方面具有重要的应用潜力。本研究系统地研究了不同弹性模量和过热条件下聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）衬底上水滴的沸腾行为，结合高速成像和红外测温分析了气泡动力学、传热和界面稳定性。实验结果表明，对于固化比为10:1的PDMS基材，更柔性的基材可以有效地调节气泡的成核和生长，抑制液滴飞溅和接触线脱屑，并提高基材从100℃的成核到沸点过渡的临界过温，而固化比为50:1的PDMS基材则为140℃。界面钉钉的增强是由于湿润脊中储存的弹性应变能。气泡破裂时，衬底变形耗散势能，抑制激波和射流的形成。这种能量耗散机制不仅加速了钉住力的衰减，而且减轻了剧烈的流动扰动，显著提高了液滴在高温条件下的稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation on gas mass transfer characteristics in a micro-fluidized bed reactor based on a novel CFD-DEM coupled DDPM-KTGF modelling method 基于CFD-DEM耦合DDPM-KTGF模型的微流化床反应器内气体传质特性研究

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128326

Xueyu Tang , Weiqin Lu , Ling Jiang , Bingjun Du , Yang Zhang , Junfu Lyu , Dan Li , Xiwei Ke

This study develops a novel CFD-DEM coupled DDPM-KTGF method to investigate gas-solid reactions and mass transfer within micro-fluidized bed reactor analyzers (MFBRA). under varying operating conditions. In this approach, the CFD-DEM module captures the formation of emulsion and bubble phases while the DDPM-KTGF module simulates mass transfer effects, enabling a detailed analysis of reaction kinetics. Key findings show that reaction kinetics and mass transfer efficiency are strongly influenced by fluidization states. In the fixed-bed regime, low inlet gas velocities result in constant reaction rates due to high diffusion resistance and limited gas-solid contact. As gas velocity increases and fluidization occurs, mass transfer improves, but further increases lead to bubble coalescence, reducing reaction efficiency. Temperature analysis reveals that at moderate temperatures (700-850°C), mass transfer resistance increases due to enhanced bubble formation, while higher temperatures (850-900°C) improve molecular diffusion but thermodynamic limitations reduce conversion. Moreover, larger particles increase minimum fluidization velocity, promote bubble growth, and reduce catalytic efficiency, with a non-monotonic relationship observed between particle size and conversion rate. Meanwhile, radial mass transfer heterogeneity is non-negligible. This work provides valuable insights into optimizing operating conditions and further enhancing gas-solid catalytic processes within MFBRAs.

本研究开发了一种新的CFD-DEM耦合DDPM-KTGF方法来研究微流化床反应器分析仪（MFBRA）内的气固反应和传质。在不同的操作条件下。在这种方法中，CFD-DEM模块捕获了乳液和气泡相的形成，而DDPM-KTGF模块模拟了传质效应，从而可以详细分析反应动力学。关键发现表明，反应动力学和传质效率受到流化状态的强烈影响。在固定床状态下，由于高扩散阻力和有限的气固接触，低入口气速导致恒定的反应速率。随着气速的增加和流态化的发生，传质得到改善，但进一步增加会导致气泡聚并，降低反应效率。温度分析表明，在中等温度下（700-850°C），传质阻力增加，因为气泡形成增强，而较高温度下（850-900°C）提高了分子扩散，但热力学限制降低了转化。颗粒越大，最小流化速度越大，气泡生长越快，催化效率越低，颗粒大小与转化率呈非单调关系。同时，径向传质非均质性不可忽略。这项工作为优化操作条件和进一步加强MFBRAs内的气固催化过程提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical investigation on heat transfer enhancement of double-layered fully wavy wall microchannels 双层全波壁微通道强化传热的数值研究

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128374

Sheng Zhong, Dinggen Li, Wei Liu, Aiwu Fan

This study proposed a heat sink consisting of double-layered fully wavy wall microchannels (DL-FWWMCs). The thermal-hydraulic performance of a DL-FWWMC was numerically investigated and the flow mixing mechanism was elucidated via Poincaré section analysis. Comparison was made with the performances of a single-layered wavy wall microchannel (SL-FWWMC), a double-layered smooth wall microchannel (DL-SWMC) and a double-layered left-right wavy wall microchannel (DL-LRWMC) across Reynolds numbers (Re) of 167∼835. Results indicate that DL-FWWMC achieves significantly higher Nusselt numbers (Nu) than others, accompanied by a higher pressure drop (Δp). Meanwhile, DL-FWWMCs can achieve a much better comprehensive thermohydraulic performance compared to others. Specifically, the maximum Nu of DL-FWWMC reaches 92.33 at a total mass flowrate of 6 × 10⁻⁴ kg·s⁻¹, which is respectively 2.11 times and 3.33 times the counterpart of SL-FWWMC and DL-SWMC. Meanwhile, the highest performance evaluation criterion (PEC) of DL-FWWMC is 2.78. The impacts of height ratio α between the lower and upper channels were further explored for DL-FWWMCs. Both Nu and PEC exhibit non-monotonic variation with α, reaching their optimum at α = 5/5. This optimal performance design achieves a balance between the flow and thermal resistances of the two layers. This balance allows both layers to develop equally effective secondary flows, maximizing the overall heat transfer performance without creating localized regions of excessively high flow resistance (Δp variation within 7.81%). The DL-FWWMC configuration demonstrates excellent potential for thermal management applications in high-heat-flux electronic devices, offering an optimal combination of enhanced heat transfer capability and structural practicality.

本研究提出了一种由双层全波壁微通道（DL-FWWMCs）组成的散热器。通过数值模拟研究了DL-FWWMC的热工性能，并通过poincar截面分析阐明了流动混合机理。比较了单层波壁微通道（SL-FWWMC）、双层光滑壁微通道（DL-SWMC）和双层左右波壁微通道（DL-LRWMC）在雷诺数（Re） 167 ~ 835范围内的性能。结果表明，DL-FWWMC的努塞尔数（Nu）明显高于其他方法，同时压降也较高（Δp）。与此同时，dl - fwwmc的综合热工性能也比其他材料好得多。DL-FWWMC的最大Nu为92.33，总质量流为6 × 10⁻kg·s⁻¹，分别是SL-FWWMC和DL-SWMC的2.11倍和3.33倍。DL-FWWMC的最高性能评价标准（PEC）为2.78。进一步探讨了上下通道高度比α对dl - fwwmc的影响。Nu和PEC均随α呈非单调变化，在α = 5/5时达到最佳。这种最佳性能设计实现了两层的流动和热阻之间的平衡。这种平衡允许两层发展同样有效的二次流，最大限度地提高整体传热性能，而不会产生过高流动阻力的局部区域（Δp变化在7.81%以内）。DL-FWWMC结构在高热流密度电子器件的热管理应用中展示了极好的潜力，提供了增强的传热能力和结构实用性的最佳组合。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels with embedded bio-inspired micro-pillar: Bubble dynamics and thermal-hydraulic performance 嵌入仿生微柱的微通道中增强流动沸腾传热：气泡动力学和热水力性能

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128369

Fang Zhou , Huanhuan Wang , Zhebin Fang , Jin Huang

Inspired by the hydrodynamic effects observed in Betta splendens fish fins and tails, we developed three novel biomimetic micro-pillar designs (Type A, Type B, and Type C) fabricated on rectangular microchannel substrates using laser micromachining technology. Through an integrated approach combining numerical simulations and experimental measurements, the bubble dynamics and thermal-hydraulic performance of enhanced boiling heat transfer was systematically evaluated under varying Reynolds numbers (600, 900, 1200), heat fluxes (0-550 kW/m²), and inlet subcooling temperatures (10 K, 20 K). The experimental results demonstrate that among the three types of biomimetic micro-pillars, Type A outperforms Types B and C in enhancing nucleate boiling, improving heat dissipation efficiency, and reducing thermal resistance. Specifically, the heat transfer coefficient of Type A is 15.1% and 30.9% higher than that of Types B and C, respectively. Additionally, the peak heat transfer coefficient shows an average increase of 11.85% and 27.043% compared to the other two configurations. The simulation results indicate Type A microchannels exhibit faster nucleation than Type B and Type C, yielding higher bubble density. The larger heat transfer area maintains elevated working fluid temperatures, enhancing thermal performance. Furthermore, Type A's design reduces heat accumulation by minimizing flow stagnation in secondary channels, outperforming Type B and Type C. This study demonstrates the potential of Betta splendens-inspired designs for advancing microscale thermal management. By integrating experimental validation with simulation analysis, the work proposes a novel design strategy for high-heat-flux device cooling.

受到在斗鱼鱼鳍和鱼尾中观察到的流体力学效应的启发，我们利用激光微加工技术在矩形微通道衬底上制造了三种新型仿生微柱（A型、B型和C型）。通过数值模拟和实验测量相结合的方法，系统地评估了不同雷诺数（600、900、1200）、热流密度（0-550 kW/m²）和进口过冷温度（10 K、20 K）下气泡动力学和强化沸腾传热的热水力性能。实验结果表明，在三种仿生微柱中，A型微柱在促进核沸腾、提高散热效率和降低热阻方面优于B型和C型微柱。其中，A型换热系数比B型和C型分别高15.1%和30.9%。峰值换热系数比其他两种构型平均提高11.85%和27.043%。模拟结果表明，A型微通道比B型和C型微通道的成核速度更快，气泡密度更高。较大的传热面积保持较高的工作流体温度，增强热性能。此外，A型的设计通过最大限度地减少二次通道中的流动停滞来减少热量积累，优于B型和c型。这项研究表明，以斗鱼为灵感的设计在推进微尺度热管理方面具有潜力。通过实验验证与仿真分析相结合，提出了一种新的高热流密度装置冷却设计策略。

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引用次数: 0

Flow boiling heat transfer on femtosecond laser-structured surfaces under varying gravity conditions 变重力条件下飞秒激光结构表面的流动沸腾传热

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128350

Frederik Mertens , Thomas Ponnet , Balasubramanian Nagarajan , Pinar Eneren , Yunus Tansu Aksoy , Sylvie Castagne , Johan Steelant , Maria Rosaria Vetrano

This study investigates the influence of femtosecond laser-induced surface texturing on bubble dynamics and heat transfer performance during flow boiling in altered gravity environments, specifically microgravity (0g) and hypergravity (1.8g), as part of a parabolic flight campaign. Three distinct stainless steel surface textures were compared: tilted (

45 °

) microscale grooves (IG), tilted (

45 °

) conical holes (IH), and laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), the latter being sub-micron features characteristic of femtosecond laser processing. PP1, a substitute for 3M™ FC-72, served as the working fluid. Heat transfer performance was evaluated relative to a plain reference surface under identical operating conditions.

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first experimental investigation of textured flow boiling surfaces in parabolic flight. Results show that in microgravity, the IG and IH textures enhance heat transfer by up to 30% compared to the plain surface. However, performance trends diverge between gravity conditions: while the plain surface benefits from increased bubble growth at low heat fluxes in microgravity, textured surfaces generally exhibit reduced performance under the same conditions. Specifically, the LIPSS texture underperforms the plain surface by up to 10% at low heat fluxes in microgravity. Despite these variations, both microgravity and surface texturing contribute to the suppression of flow instabilities. Although textured surfaces led to increased pressure drops (up to 70% for IH), the absolute values remained low (

<

400 Pa), indicating that the gains in heat transfer outweigh the hydraulic penalties.

作为抛物线飞行运动的一部分，本研究探讨了在改变重力环境下，特别是微重力（0g）和超重力（1.8g）下，飞秒激光诱导的表面纹理对流动沸腾过程中气泡动力学和传热性能的影响。比较了三种不同的不锈钢表面纹理：倾斜的（45°）微尺度凹槽（IG）、倾斜的（45°）锥形孔（IH）和激光诱导的周期性表面结构（LIPSS），后者是飞秒激光加工的亚微米特征。作为3M™FC-72的替代品，PP1作为工作液。在相同的操作条件下，相对于普通参考表面进行了传热性能评估。据作者所知，这是第一次在抛物线飞行中对纹理流沸腾表面进行实验研究。结果表明，在微重力条件下，与普通表面相比，IG和IH纹理的传热能力提高了30%。然而，在不同的重力条件下，性能趋势是不同的：在微重力条件下，低热流密度下，普通表面受益于气泡生长的增加，而在相同的条件下，纹理表面通常表现出性能下降。具体来说，在微重力条件下，LIPSS纹理在低热流下的表现比普通表面差10%。尽管存在这些变化，但微重力和表面纹理都有助于抑制流动不稳定性。虽然表面纹理会导致压降增加（IH的压降高达70%），但绝对值仍然很低（约400pa），这表明传热的收益大于水力损失。

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引用次数: 0

Frequency domain heat current method for dynamic analysis of thermal management systems 热管理系统动态分析的频域热流法

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.128343

Run-Hang Teng , Hang Li , Qing-Han Sun , Huan Ma , Tian Zhao , Qun Chen

Dynamic analysis of thermal management systems (TMSs) is essential for ensuring the operational stability, energy efficiency, and service life of advanced equipment across such fields as aerospace, vehicles and renewable energy engineering. However, existing research faces a critical challenge of balancing computational efficiency and simulation accuracy. To address this dilemma, a frequency domain heat current method is proposed in this study. The time-domain governing equations of TMS components are transformed into the frequency-domain via Fourier transform to construct the frequency-domain heat current models by using electrical-thermal analogy, which intuitively describes transient heat transport behaviors by mapping thermal quantities to electrical counterparts. A graph theory-based framework is developed to integrate component models into a system-level frequency-domain model in a standardized manner. A perturbation-decomposition method is then proposed to split frequency-domain equations into linear and nonlinear parts: the linear part is solved analytically to reduce computational load, while the nonlinear part (caused by time-varying fluid properties or flow rates) is resolved numerically. These two parts are integrated using a two-layer iterative algorithm, enabling high-fidelity dynamic simulation without introducing additional simplifications. Comparison results demonstrate that the frequency-domain method achieves equivalent accuracy (with a relative error generally below 1% and a maximum absolute error of approximately 4%) across several typical case studies, while improving computational efficiency by 0.5–2 orders of magnitude compared with finite volume method simulations. System-level frequency-domain simulation is also in good agreement with the experimental data, and the absolute average error of temperature at the measurement points ranges from 0.09 K to 0.43 K, which further confirms the effectiveness of this method in dynamic analysis of TMS.

热管理系统（tms）的动态分析对于确保航空航天、汽车和可再生能源工程等领域先进设备的运行稳定性、能源效率和使用寿命至关重要。然而，现有的研究面临着平衡计算效率和模拟精度的关键挑战。为了解决这一难题，本研究提出了一种频域热流方法。通过傅里叶变换将TMS分量的时域控制方程转换到频域，利用电-热类比建立频域热流模型，通过将热量映射到电对应量，直观地描述瞬态热输运行为。开发了一个基于图论的框架，以标准化的方式将组件模型集成到系统级频域模型中。然后，提出了一种微扰分解方法，将频域方程分解为线性和非线性部分，线性部分采用解析求解，以减少计算量，而非线性部分（由时变流体性质或流量引起）采用数值求解。这两个部分使用两层迭代算法集成，在不引入额外简化的情况下实现高保真动态仿真。对比结果表明，在几个典型案例中，频域方法达到了相当的精度（相对误差一般在1%以下，最大绝对误差约为4%），同时与有限体积法模拟相比，计算效率提高了0.5-2个数量级。系统级频域仿真结果与实验数据吻合较好，测点温度的绝对平均误差在0.09 ~ 0.43 K之间，进一步证实了该方法在TMS动态分析中的有效性。

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