Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.22141/2224-0551.19.1.2024.1663
O. Tiazhka, Z. Selska
Background. Today, an important task for children’s allergology is to improve the treatment of children with bronchial asthma in order to prevent the severe course of the disease, disability and mortality of patients. The purpose was to study the effect of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of exacerbations of bronchial asthma in children. Materials and methods. The research group is 164 children with bronchial asthma. The level of 25(OH)D was evaluated by the electrochemiluminescence method on the Elecsys 2010 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) according to the Cobas system test. The level of interleukin (IL) 4, IL-10 was assessed using sets of reagents for enzyme immunoassay. For the clinical assessment of patients, the level of bronchial asthma control was determined, and clinical analysis of disease exacerbations was conducted. Results. As a result of the comparison of the initial level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum of patients, after the use of 2,000 IU of vitamin D3 for 6 months, after the summer and after taking cholecalciferol in increased doses (4,000 IU) for 2 months, a significant difference was found between the indicators according to the Friedman test (λ2 = 41.211; p < 0.05). A positive clinical dynamics of bronchial asthma was observed in children in whom exacerbations were detected against the background of an infectious process, compared with children who had exacerbations against the background of other factors. Also, in this category of patients, after long-term intake of vitamin D with different dose regimens, a significant difference was found (p < 0.05) when comparing IL-10 and IL-4 indicators. Conclusions. Children with bronchial asthma exacerbation against the background of infectious processes can be recommended a year-round use of cholecalciferol, except for summer, with different dose regimens, including high daily doses (4,000 IU).
背景。当今，儿童变态反应科的一项重要任务是改善支气管哮喘患儿的治疗，以防止病情恶化、患者致残和死亡。目的是研究补充维生素 D 对预防和治疗儿童支气管哮喘加重的影响。材料和方法。研究对象为 164 名支气管哮喘患儿。根据 Cobas 系统测试方法，在 Elecsys 2010 分析仪（德国罗氏诊断公司）上用电化学发光法评估 25(OH)D 的水平。白细胞介素（IL）4、IL-10 的水平使用酶免疫测定试剂进行评估。在对患者进行临床评估时，确定了支气管哮喘的控制水平，并对疾病加重情况进行了临床分析。结果根据弗里德曼检验（λ2 = 41.211; p < 0.05），在连续 6 个月服用 2,000 IU 维生素 D3 后、夏季过后以及连续 2 个月增加剂量服用胆钙化醇（4,000 IU）后，患者血清中 25(OH)D 的初始水平进行比较后发现，各项指标之间存在显著差异。与因其他因素导致病情恶化的儿童相比，在感染过程中发现病情恶化的儿童支气管哮喘临床动态呈阳性。此外，在这类患者中，长期摄入不同剂量的维生素 D 后，IL-10 和 IL-4 指标的比较结果也有显著差异（p < 0.05）。结论建议支气管哮喘加重的儿童在感染过程背景下全年服用胆钙化醇，夏季除外，并采用不同的剂量方案，包括每日高剂量（4000 IU）。
{"title":"The value of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of exacerbations of bronchial asthma in children","authors":"O. Tiazhka, Z. Selska","doi":"10.22141/2224-0551.19.1.2024.1663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.19.1.2024.1663","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Today, an important task for children’s allergology is to improve the treatment of children with bronchial asthma in order to prevent the severe course of the disease, disability and mortality of patients. The purpose was to study the effect of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of exacerbations of bronchial asthma in children. Materials and methods. The research group is 164 children with bronchial asthma. The level of 25(OH)D was evaluated by the electrochemiluminescence method on the Elecsys 2010 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) according to the Cobas system test. The level of interleukin (IL) 4, IL-10 was assessed using sets of reagents for enzyme immunoassay. For the clinical assessment of patients, the level of bronchial asthma control was determined, and clinical analysis of disease exacerbations was conducted. Results. As a result of the comparison of the initial level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum of patients, after the use of 2,000 IU of vitamin D3 for 6 months, after the summer and after taking cholecalciferol in increased doses (4,000 IU) for 2 months, a significant difference was found between the indicators according to the Friedman test (λ2 = 41.211; p < 0.05). A positive clinical dynamics of bronchial asthma was observed in children in whom exacerbations were detected against the background of an infectious process, compared with children who had exacerbations against the background of other factors. Also, in this category of patients, after long-term intake of vitamin D with different dose regimens, a significant difference was found (p < 0.05) when comparing IL-10 and IL-4 indicators. Conclusions. Children with bronchial asthma exacerbation against the background of infectious processes can be recommended a year-round use of cholecalciferol, except for summer, with different dose regimens, including high daily doses (4,000 IU).","PeriodicalId":338009,"journal":{"name":"CHILD`S HEALTH","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.22141/2224-0551.19.1.2024.1665
MD Aleksandr Abaturov, V. L. Babуch, I. V. Tverdokhlib
Background. The aim of the research was to determine the ultrastructure of the cells of the muscle wall of the mice gallbladder under the influence of ursodeoxycholic acid. Materials and methods. The animals were divided into 2 groups: experimental (n = 17) — mice which received ursodeoxycholic acid at a dose of 100.0 mg/kg and control (n = 13) — intact ones (distilled water). Histological and ultrastructural analyses of gallbladder wall samples of mice were performed. Results. Mitotic figures of myocytes in the wall of the gallbladder bottom (1.794 ± 0.103 %) and body (1.607 ± 0.095 %) in the experimental group of mice were significantly more frequent compared to the controls (0.946 ± 0.058 % and 0.873 ± 0.061 %) (p < 0.01). Enhancing nuclear activity of fibroblasts due to chromatin decondensation and an increase in the number of nuclear pores were observed after the action of ursodeoxycholic acid (0.106 ± 0.007 vs. 0.253 ± 0.018) (p < 0.01). A considerable increase in the number of interstitial cells of Cajal in the muscular membrane of the bottom and body of the gallbladder was noted after the injection of ursodeoxycholic acid (4.61 ± 0.37 mm–2 vs. 2.77 ± 0.23 mm–2) (p < 0.01). Conclusions. Our hypothesis was confirmed by the presence of histological signs of leiomyocyte hyperplasia and an increase in the nuclear activity of fibroblasts in the muscle wall of the mice gallbladder as a result of ursodeoxycholic acid use. Excessive activation of hyperplastic processes of leiomyocytes has an unsettled nature after the injection of ursodeoxycholic acid. An increase in apoptosis of smooth myocytes is observed under the influence of ursodeoxycholic acid. Stimulation of gallbladder wall motility with ursodeoxycholic acid might be associated with an increase in the number of interstitial cells of Cajal in the muscular membrane of the bottom and body of the gallbladder.
{"title":"Ultrastructure of the muscular membrane of the mice gallbladder wall under the influence of ursodeoxycholic acid","authors":"MD Aleksandr Abaturov, V. L. Babуch, I. V. Tverdokhlib","doi":"10.22141/2224-0551.19.1.2024.1665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.19.1.2024.1665","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The aim of the research was to determine the ultrastructure of the cells of the muscle wall of the mice gallbladder under the influence of ursodeoxycholic acid. Materials and methods. The animals were divided into 2 groups: experimental (n = 17) — mice which received ursodeoxycholic acid at a dose of 100.0 mg/kg and control (n = 13) — intact ones (distilled water). Histological and ultrastructural analyses of gallbladder wall samples of mice were performed. Results. Mitotic figures of myocytes in the wall of the gallbladder bottom (1.794 ± 0.103 %) and body (1.607 ± 0.095 %) in the experimental group of mice were significantly more frequent compared to the controls (0.946 ± 0.058 % and 0.873 ± 0.061 %) (p < 0.01). Enhancing nuclear activity of fibroblasts due to chromatin decondensation and an increase in the number of nuclear pores were observed after the action of ursodeoxycholic acid (0.106 ± 0.007 vs. 0.253 ± 0.018) (p < 0.01). A considerable increase in the number of interstitial cells of Cajal in the muscular membrane of the bottom and body of the gallbladder was noted after the injection of ursodeoxycholic acid (4.61 ± 0.37 mm–2 vs. 2.77 ± 0.23 mm–2) (p < 0.01). Conclusions. Our hypothesis was confirmed by the presence of histological signs of leiomyocyte hyperplasia and an increase in the nuclear activity of fibroblasts in the muscle wall of the mice gallbladder as a result of ursodeoxycholic acid use. Excessive activation of hyperplastic processes of leiomyocytes has an unsettled nature after the injection of ursodeoxycholic acid. An increase in apoptosis of smooth myocytes is observed under the influence of ursodeoxycholic acid. Stimulation of gallbladder wall motility with ursodeoxycholic acid might be associated with an increase in the number of interstitial cells of Cajal in the muscular membrane of the bottom and body of the gallbladder.","PeriodicalId":338009,"journal":{"name":"CHILD`S HEALTH","volume":"5 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.22141/2224-0551.19.1.2024.1668
O.V. Shvaratska, V. V. Mavrutenkov, T. Svyatenko, O. Yakunina
Pediculosis and varicella, common in children, typically pose no significant diagnostic or treatment challenges. However, the ongoing full-scale war in Ukraine has led to severe humanitarian consequences, including mass migration and health care infrastructure damage. Under such conditions, standard treatment modalities, including isolation and hygiene measures, may be impracticable. These challenges underscore the need for adapting patient management strategies to crisis conditions. We report a case of a previously well 10-year-old female, presenting with pediculosis capitis and varicella co-infection, complicated by folliculitis. Pediculosis had been detected by the parents one week before the onset of varicella, and they self-administered a topical anti-pediculosis agent based on clearol and dimethicone once. On the 12th day of varicella infection, we found purulent rash elements on the scalp, severe pruritus, and presence of lice eggs and nits. Considering the evidence of folliculitis on the scalp, which complicated the use of external pediculicides and hygienic procedures, the case necessitated a tailored treatment approach. This included oral cefuroxime for bacterial superinfection, and two doses of oral ivermectin for pediculosis 200 mcg/kg one week apart, along with chloropyramine hydrochloride for pruritus management. The strategy resulted in elimination of head lice infestation with no adverse events. This case illustrates the critical need for updated clinical protocols and health care provider education on optimal treatment practices, especially in crisis contexts. The coexistence of varicella with a pediculosis infection precipitated a secondary bacterial infection requiring systemic antibacterial treatment. Clinical research provides evidence of oral ivermectin effectiveness in pediculosis treatment when topical pediculicides cannot be utilized. To mitigate varicella complications and control epidemic processes, integrating varicella vaccination into the national immunization schedule is recommended. Moreover, for cases with varicella and ectoparasitic infections, systemic treatment with antiviral and antiparasitic agents like acyclovir and ivermectin should be considered to minimize the risk of superinfection. The registration of oral ivermectin for pediculosis treatment by state health authorities is advocated to formalize its use in clinical practice.
{"title":"A case of co-infection with head lice and varicella in a child: considerations for rational management","authors":"O.V. Shvaratska, V. V. Mavrutenkov, T. Svyatenko, O. Yakunina","doi":"10.22141/2224-0551.19.1.2024.1668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.19.1.2024.1668","url":null,"abstract":"Pediculosis and varicella, common in children, typically pose no significant diagnostic or treatment challenges. However, the ongoing full-scale war in Ukraine has led to severe humanitarian consequences, including mass migration and health care infrastructure damage. Under such conditions, standard treatment modalities, including isolation and hygiene measures, may be impracticable. These challenges underscore the need for adapting patient management strategies to crisis conditions. We report a case of a previously well 10-year-old female, presenting with pediculosis capitis and varicella co-infection, complicated by folliculitis. Pediculosis had been detected by the parents one week before the onset of varicella, and they self-administered a topical anti-pediculosis agent based on clearol and dimethicone once. On the 12th day of varicella infection, we found purulent rash elements on the scalp, severe pruritus, and presence of lice eggs and nits. Considering the evidence of folliculitis on the scalp, which complicated the use of external pediculicides and hygienic procedures, the case necessitated a tailored treatment approach. This included oral cefuroxime for bacterial superinfection, and two doses of oral ivermectin for pediculosis 200 mcg/kg one week apart, along with chloropyramine hydrochloride for pruritus management. The strategy resulted in elimination of head lice infestation with no adverse events. This case illustrates the critical need for updated clinical protocols and health care provider education on optimal treatment practices, especially in crisis contexts. The coexistence of varicella with a pediculosis infection precipitated a secondary bacterial infection requiring systemic antibacterial treatment. Clinical research provides evidence of oral ivermectin effectiveness in pediculosis treatment when topical pediculicides cannot be utilized. To mitigate varicella complications and control epidemic processes, integrating varicella vaccination into the national immunization schedule is recommended. Moreover, for cases with varicella and ectoparasitic infections, systemic treatment with antiviral and antiparasitic agents like acyclovir and ivermectin should be considered to minimize the risk of superinfection. The registration of oral ivermectin for pediculosis treatment by state health authorities is advocated to formalize its use in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":338009,"journal":{"name":"CHILD`S HEALTH","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1657
A. Abaturov, V. Babуch
The scientific review provides the mechanisms of drug regulation of microRNA in the human body. To write the article, information was searched using Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Global Health, The Cochrane Library databases. To restore the reduced functional activity of microRNAs, replacement therapy is used, with modified synthetic analogs of endogenous microRNAs, and drugs that enhance the production of the body’s own microRNAs. The authors state that numerous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of miRNA replacement therapy. It is known that there are several groups of drugs among miRNA inhibitors: anti-miRNA oligonucleotides, miRNA traps, miRNA mimics that prevent miRNA binding; peptide nucleic acids, small-molecule inhibitors. The authors suggest that the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes is controlled by nuclear receptors and transcription factors, epigenetic regulation such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation, and post-translational modification. It is emphasized that ursodeoxycholic acid modulates the expression of some miRNAs. It is known that probiotic bacteria can modulate the expression level of miRNA genes. The use of probiotics is accompanied by a change in the expression of numerous genes of the body involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response, allergic reactions, metabolism and other biological processes. Thus, modern science is intensively studying the potential of using drugs that restore miRNA content or inhibit miRNA activity for the therapy of miRNA-dependent conditions. The results of scientific research confirmed the therapeutic effect of ursodeoxycholic acid and probiotic preparations due to the effect on the activity of miRNA generation in hepatobiliary diseases. Therefore, the introduction into clinical practice of drugs than can modulate the content and expression of specific miRNAs will certainly open new perspectives in the treatment of patients with hepatobiliary diseases.
{"title":"Drug regulation of microRNA","authors":"A. Abaturov, V. Babуch","doi":"10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1657","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific review provides the mechanisms of drug regulation of microRNA in the human body. To write the article, information was searched using Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Global Health, The Cochrane Library databases. To restore the reduced functional activity of microRNAs, replacement therapy is used, with modified synthetic analogs of endogenous microRNAs, and drugs that enhance the production of the body’s own microRNAs. The authors state that numerous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of miRNA replacement therapy. It is known that there are several groups of drugs among miRNA inhibitors: anti-miRNA oligonucleotides, miRNA traps, miRNA mimics that prevent miRNA binding; peptide nucleic acids, small-molecule inhibitors. The authors suggest that the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes is controlled by nuclear receptors and transcription factors, epigenetic regulation such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation, and post-translational modification. It is emphasized that ursodeoxycholic acid modulates the expression of some miRNAs. It is known that probiotic bacteria can modulate the expression level of miRNA genes. The use of probiotics is accompanied by a change in the expression of numerous genes of the body involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response, allergic reactions, metabolism and other biological processes. Thus, modern science is intensively studying the potential of using drugs that restore miRNA content or inhibit miRNA activity for the therapy of miRNA-dependent conditions. The results of scientific research confirmed the therapeutic effect of ursodeoxycholic acid and probiotic preparations due to the effect on the activity of miRNA generation in hepatobiliary diseases. Therefore, the introduction into clinical practice of drugs than can modulate the content and expression of specific miRNAs will certainly open new perspectives in the treatment of patients with hepatobiliary diseases.","PeriodicalId":338009,"journal":{"name":"CHILD`S HEALTH","volume":"22 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1654
P. Z. Buiak
Background. The article presents modern data about the prevalence and peculiarities of the course of acute respiratory viral infections in a childhood based on retrospective analysis of medical records. The purpose of this article was to analyze the epidemiology and features of acute respiratory viral infections in children based on the retrospective analysis of medical records, and reports of the Public Health Center. Materials and methods. Extracts from the medical charts of inpatients with acute respiratory pathology and statistical reports of the work of the ENT department of Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital for 2017–2022, which included 1,177 patients, were carefully studied. Results. The clinical features of acute respiratory infections in children hospitalized to the ENT department were as follows: age over 3 years (89 %), frequent admissions to the hospital (> 4 times a year) at the age of 4–5 years, nasal congestion (87.0 %), headache (72.0 %), body temperature above 37.9 °С (37 %), purulent nasal discharge (20 %), cough (15.6 %), general weakness (12.3 %). The average duration of the disease before hospitalization was 8.0 ± 0.2 days, and after hospitalization, it was 7.0 ± 0.1 days. It was found that those hospitalized had mostly ENT pathology, which initially was more likely to be viral (75.0 %); moreover, predominantly girls were affected (45 %), χ2 = 15.7, p < 0.05. At the same time, the proportion of combined forms of ENT diseases with a complicated course was 25 %, and boys were more likely to be affected (60 %), χ2 = 18.9, p < 0.05. Pansinusitis, on the other hand, occurred more often against the background of secondary chronic pathology (70.0 and 30.0 %, p < 0.05), χ2 = 32, p < 0.05. During all years of observation, the age group of 3 years and older prevailed among hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections. Most patients were admitted to the hospital in a condition of moderate severity. In all children hospitalized during the reporting period, we have found signs of respiratory syndrome such as nasal congestion and anosmia, sore throat, cough, purulent nasal discharge, as well as symptoms of intoxication: general weakness, headache, fever. Conclusions. The obtained data require further study and observation in the dynamics in order to stratify risk factors for the development of IgA-vasculitis in a childhood.
{"title":"Retrospective analysis of the prevalence of acute respiratory infections in children of the Ivano-Frankivsk region","authors":"P. Z. Buiak","doi":"10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1654","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The article presents modern data about the prevalence and peculiarities of the course of acute respiratory viral infections in a childhood based on retrospective analysis of medical records. The purpose of this article was to analyze the epidemiology and features of acute respiratory viral infections in children based on the retrospective analysis of medical records, and reports of the Public Health Center. Materials and methods. Extracts from the medical charts of inpatients with acute respiratory pathology and statistical reports of the work of the ENT department of Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital for 2017–2022, which included 1,177 patients, were carefully studied. Results. The clinical features of acute respiratory infections in children hospitalized to the ENT department were as follows: age over 3 years (89 %), frequent admissions to the hospital (> 4 times a year) at the age of 4–5 years, nasal congestion (87.0 %), headache (72.0 %), body temperature above 37.9 °С (37 %), purulent nasal discharge (20 %), cough (15.6 %), general weakness (12.3 %). The average duration of the disease before hospitalization was 8.0 ± 0.2 days, and after hospitalization, it was 7.0 ± 0.1 days. It was found that those hospitalized had mostly ENT pathology, which initially was more likely to be viral (75.0 %); moreover, predominantly girls were affected (45 %), χ2 = 15.7, p < 0.05. At the same time, the proportion of combined forms of ENT diseases with a complicated course was 25 %, and boys were more likely to be affected (60 %), χ2 = 18.9, p < 0.05. Pansinusitis, on the other hand, occurred more often against the background of secondary chronic pathology (70.0 and 30.0 %, p < 0.05), χ2 = 32, p < 0.05. During all years of observation, the age group of 3 years and older prevailed among hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections. Most patients were admitted to the hospital in a condition of moderate severity. In all children hospitalized during the reporting period, we have found signs of respiratory syndrome such as nasal congestion and anosmia, sore throat, cough, purulent nasal discharge, as well as symptoms of intoxication: general weakness, headache, fever. Conclusions. The obtained data require further study and observation in the dynamics in order to stratify risk factors for the development of IgA-vasculitis in a childhood.","PeriodicalId":338009,"journal":{"name":"CHILD`S HEALTH","volume":"4 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1656
A. Kachurenko, L. Levadna, A. Horobets, Yu. Proshchenko, Ya. Kalinichenko
Breastfeeding is a critical aspect of infant care that provides numerous benefits for both infants and mothers. The socio-cultural changes of the 21st century require optimisation of this practice and research into the physiological stages of milk secretion, including the hormonal regulation of lactation and factors that influence breast secretion, which is crucial for supporting breastfeeding and improving the overall well-being of infants and mothers. The purpose of the work was to investigate current views on breastfeeding support through a comprehensive review of the existing literature, with a particular focus on studies on the physiological stages of milk secretion during pregnancy and breastfeeding. We used bibliographic, analytical and regulatory search methods. The review contributes to the deepening of knowledge and understanding of breastfeeding, emphasising its importance for newborn care and maternal well-being. The material covers a wide range of factors that influence lactation as a physiological process and breastfeeding as a social practice. The findings highlight the physiological basis of the lactation process: the key role of prolactin and oxytocin in initiating and maintaining milk secretion, internal (hormonal imbalances, breast anatomy and surgery), and external factors such as the mother’s somatic condition, including gestational diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. The positive aspects of breastfeeding for both the child and the mother are analysed. The various positive effects of this practice on the child are considered, including the most favourable balance of nutrients in the mother’s milk, the formation of passive immunity and the maintenance of a healthy intestinal microbiota. Particular attention is paid to the changing views on infant feeding in light of social and economic changes in the early 21st century, including the growing role of artificial formula and the challenges of natural feeding in the workplace. Practical implications: it provides a basis for developing evidence-based interventions to improve the breastfeeding experience and well-being of both infants and mothers while informing healthcare professionals, policymakers, and support groups.
{"title":"Modern baby breastfeeding trends","authors":"A. Kachurenko, L. Levadna, A. Horobets, Yu. Proshchenko, Ya. Kalinichenko","doi":"10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1656","url":null,"abstract":"Breastfeeding is a critical aspect of infant care that provides numerous benefits for both infants and mothers. The socio-cultural changes of the 21st century require optimisation of this practice and research into the physiological stages of milk secretion, including the hormonal regulation of lactation and factors that influence breast secretion, which is crucial for supporting breastfeeding and improving the overall well-being of infants and mothers. The purpose of the work was to investigate current views on breastfeeding support through a comprehensive review of the existing literature, with a particular focus on studies on the physiological stages of milk secretion during pregnancy and breastfeeding. We used bibliographic, analytical and regulatory search methods. The review contributes to the deepening of knowledge and understanding of breastfeeding, emphasising its importance for newborn care and maternal well-being. The material covers a wide range of factors that influence lactation as a physiological process and breastfeeding as a social practice. The findings highlight the physiological basis of the lactation process: the key role of prolactin and oxytocin in initiating and maintaining milk secretion, internal (hormonal imbalances, breast anatomy and surgery), and external factors such as the mother’s somatic condition, including gestational diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. The positive aspects of breastfeeding for both the child and the mother are analysed. The various positive effects of this practice on the child are considered, including the most favourable balance of nutrients in the mother’s milk, the formation of passive immunity and the maintenance of a healthy intestinal microbiota. Particular attention is paid to the changing views on infant feeding in light of social and economic changes in the early 21st century, including the growing role of artificial formula and the challenges of natural feeding in the workplace. Practical implications: it provides a basis for developing evidence-based interventions to improve the breastfeeding experience and well-being of both infants and mothers while informing healthcare professionals, policymakers, and support groups.","PeriodicalId":338009,"journal":{"name":"CHILD`S HEALTH","volume":"5 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1653
I.O. Mityuryayeva-Korniiko, O. Volosovets, S. Kryvopustov, M.O. Polukhina, Ie.A. Burlaka, Y. Kryvonos, I. V. Kovalchuk
Background. The growing number of children with diabetes creates a global economic problem, including a financial burden on the country’s health care system and economic stress for families of children with diabetes. The purpose was to assess the effectiveness of medical care for children with diabetes in different regions of Ukraine over the last 20 years (2002–2021) of peacetime. Material and methods. The article presents the results of statistical evaluation and epidemiological analysis of data from the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine on the rates of disability, hospitalization, and inpatient care among the pediatric population in 2002–2021. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using MS Excel, XLSTAT-Pro. Results. During 2002–2021, an increase in the rate of primary disability due to diabetes mellitus was highest among adolescents — by 4.1 times and lowest among primary schoolchildren — by 3.4 times; among children 0–6 years old, it increased by 3.6 times. The proportion of children with disabilities due to diabetes as of 2017 is 12 % among the age group of 0–6 years, and 25 % in adolescents (15–17 years). In 2013–2021, the hospitalization rate among children with diabetes increased from 1.27 to 1.35 per 1,000 of the relevant population, and the average length of hospital stay decreased by 19 %. The rate of mortality due to diabetes complications among hospitalized children varies and does not have a specific trend (in 2021, it was 0.02 per 100 in-patients). Conclusions. The analysis of the efficiency of medical care for children with diabetes during 2002–2021 in the context of increasing prevalence and incidence of diabetes showed stable trends towards a huge increase in the level of primary and general disability, a slight increase in hospitalization rates, and a decrease in the average length of hospital stay. These results call for a detailed study of the causes, control, and revision of protocol documents for the management of such patients.
{"title":"Evaluating the efficiency of medical care for children with diabetes mellitus in different regions of Ukraine over the past 20 years (2002–2021) of peacetime","authors":"I.O. Mityuryayeva-Korniiko, O. Volosovets, S. Kryvopustov, M.O. Polukhina, Ie.A. Burlaka, Y. Kryvonos, I. V. Kovalchuk","doi":"10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1653","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The growing number of children with diabetes creates a global economic problem, including a financial burden on the country’s health care system and economic stress for families of children with diabetes. The purpose was to assess the effectiveness of medical care for children with diabetes in different regions of Ukraine over the last 20 years (2002–2021) of peacetime. Material and methods. The article presents the results of statistical evaluation and epidemiological analysis of data from the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine on the rates of disability, hospitalization, and inpatient care among the pediatric population in 2002–2021. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using MS Excel, XLSTAT-Pro. Results. During 2002–2021, an increase in the rate of primary disability due to diabetes mellitus was highest among adolescents — by 4.1 times and lowest among primary schoolchildren — by 3.4 times; among children 0–6 years old, it increased by 3.6 times. The proportion of children with disabilities due to diabetes as of 2017 is 12 % among the age group of 0–6 years, and 25 % in adolescents (15–17 years). In 2013–2021, the hospitalization rate among children with diabetes increased from 1.27 to 1.35 per 1,000 of the relevant population, and the average length of hospital stay decreased by 19 %. The rate of mortality due to diabetes complications among hospitalized children varies and does not have a specific trend (in 2021, it was 0.02 per 100 in-patients). Conclusions. The analysis of the efficiency of medical care for children with diabetes during 2002–2021 in the context of increasing prevalence and incidence of diabetes showed stable trends towards a huge increase in the level of primary and general disability, a slight increase in hospitalization rates, and a decrease in the average length of hospital stay. These results call for a detailed study of the causes, control, and revision of protocol documents for the management of such patients.","PeriodicalId":338009,"journal":{"name":"CHILD`S HEALTH","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1655
T. Sorokman, S. Sokolnyk, N. Popelyuk, O. Makarova
Background. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) develop in childhood more often, last throughout life, and their frequency is rapidly increasing in industrialized countries. Most researchers identify vitamin D (VD) as a key regulator of gastrointestinal homeostasis, an innate immune response and a biomarker for the activity and severity of IBD. The purpose was to determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with the course of inflammatory bowel diseases in children. Materials and methods. The study included 36 patients: 13 with IBD (main group) and 23 children of the comparison group with irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain. The average age of children was 13.09 ± 2.28 years, with a median of 14.5 years; 63.6 % were boys. Patients with IBD were evaluated for clinical disease manifestations, disease localization (Paris Classification) and disease activity (PCDAI/PUCAI). Irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain were diagnosed based on the Rome IV Criteria. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was assessed by the electrochemiluminescence method (Elecsys Vitamin D total, Cobas). Results. Severe IBD prevailed among the examined children (61.5 %). There was no significant difference in overall body weight and height between the groups, which may be due to the short duration of IBD. However, children with IBD showed a tendency to lower physical development indicators. Significant differences in hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, number of platelets, fecal calprotectin were observed among the studied groups (p < 0.05). The concentration of VD in the blood of the examined children ranged from 39.9 to 10.8 ng/ml, with an average of 21.8 ± 5.8 ng/ml. In 76.9 % of patients with IBD, blood concentration of VD reduced, while only 21.7 % children in the comparison group had its level below the norm. Children with IBD were characterized by significantly lower levels of VD in the blood (average of 16.7 ng/ml). Lower levels of VD were associated with female sex, Chron’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), as well as disease duration of more than 3 years and disease severity. There was an inverse correlation between VD and the degree of IBD activity (CD: r = –0.33; p = 0.01; UC: r = –0.38; p = 0.01) and the severity of the course (CD: r = –0.35; p = 0.01; UC: r = –0.36; p = 0.01), the levels of C-reactive protein (CD: r = –0.39; p = 0.01; UC: r = –0.37; p = 0.01) and fecal calprotectin (CD: r = –0.42; p = 0.01; UC: r = –0.46; p = 0.01). Conclusions. In most children (76.9 %) with inflammatory bowel diseases, the concentration of VD in the blood is significantly lower than in those with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Lower vitamin D levels were associated with female sex, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis, as well as disease duration of more than 3 years, activity level, and severity, supporting the role of vitamin D as a possible predictor of severity of these di
{"title":"Vitamin D as a predictor of severe course of inflammatory bowel diseases in children","authors":"T. Sorokman, S. Sokolnyk, N. Popelyuk, O. Makarova","doi":"10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.18.8.2023.1655","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) develop in childhood more often, last throughout life, and their frequency is rapidly increasing in industrialized countries. Most researchers identify vitamin D (VD) as a key regulator of gastrointestinal homeostasis, an innate immune response and a biomarker for the activity and severity of IBD. The purpose was to determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with the course of inflammatory bowel diseases in children. Materials and methods. The study included 36 patients: 13 with IBD (main group) and 23 children of the comparison group with irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain. The average age of children was 13.09 ± 2.28 years, with a median of 14.5 years; 63.6 % were boys. Patients with IBD were evaluated for clinical disease manifestations, disease localization (Paris Classification) and disease activity (PCDAI/PUCAI). Irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain were diagnosed based on the Rome IV Criteria. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was assessed by the electrochemiluminescence method (Elecsys Vitamin D total, Cobas). Results. Severe IBD prevailed among the examined children (61.5 %). There was no significant difference in overall body weight and height between the groups, which may be due to the short duration of IBD. However, children with IBD showed a tendency to lower physical development indicators. Significant differences in hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, number of platelets, fecal calprotectin were observed among the studied groups (p < 0.05). The concentration of VD in the blood of the examined children ranged from 39.9 to 10.8 ng/ml, with an average of 21.8 ± 5.8 ng/ml. In 76.9 % of patients with IBD, blood concentration of VD reduced, while only 21.7 % children in the comparison group had its level below the norm. Children with IBD were characterized by significantly lower levels of VD in the blood (average of 16.7 ng/ml). Lower levels of VD were associated with female sex, Chron’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), as well as disease duration of more than 3 years and disease severity. There was an inverse correlation between VD and the degree of IBD activity (CD: r = –0.33; p = 0.01; UC: r = –0.38; p = 0.01) and the severity of the course (CD: r = –0.35; p = 0.01; UC: r = –0.36; p = 0.01), the levels of C-reactive protein (CD: r = –0.39; p = 0.01; UC: r = –0.37; p = 0.01) and fecal calprotectin (CD: r = –0.42; p = 0.01; UC: r = –0.46; p = 0.01). Conclusions. In most children (76.9 %) with inflammatory bowel diseases, the concentration of VD in the blood is significantly lower than in those with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Lower vitamin D levels were associated with female sex, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis, as well as disease duration of more than 3 years, activity level, and severity, supporting the role of vitamin D as a possible predictor of severity of these di","PeriodicalId":338009,"journal":{"name":"CHILD`S HEALTH","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.22141/2224-0551.18.7.2023.1642
O. H. Buriak, Y. Nechytailo
Background. The purpose was to evaluate the peculiarities of microcirculation (MC) according to biomicroscopy data in respiratory diseases in children on a model of acute bronchitis. Materials and methods. The paper presents data on the study of MC in children with acute bronchitis (n = 30) compared with healthy individuals. The state of microcirculation was evaluated using nail bed biomicroscopy and by qualitative and semi-quantitative indicators. Results. In children with acute bronchitis compared to healthy persons, a number of changes were noted: in the arterioles — an increase in tortuosity, in the venular parts — the phenomena of sludge and spasms, in the capillaries — a decrease in the number of functioning microvessels and changes in their shape, slowing blood flow and sludging of red blood cells. Conclusions. Digital nail bed biomicroscopy in children is an accessible, simple and informative method for studying the state of MC in acute respiratory diseases. In acute bronchitis, even with a mild course, there are changes in the MC pattern at the level of all microvessels, with a predominance of changes in the capillaries.
{"title":"Analysis of the microcirculation state in children with acute bronchitis","authors":"O. H. Buriak, Y. Nechytailo","doi":"10.22141/2224-0551.18.7.2023.1642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.18.7.2023.1642","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The purpose was to evaluate the peculiarities of microcirculation (MC) according to biomicroscopy data in respiratory diseases in children on a model of acute bronchitis. Materials and methods. The paper presents data on the study of MC in children with acute bronchitis (n = 30) compared with healthy individuals. The state of microcirculation was evaluated using nail bed biomicroscopy and by qualitative and semi-quantitative indicators. Results. In children with acute bronchitis compared to healthy persons, a number of changes were noted: in the arterioles — an increase in tortuosity, in the venular parts — the phenomena of sludge and spasms, in the capillaries — a decrease in the number of functioning microvessels and changes in their shape, slowing blood flow and sludging of red blood cells. Conclusions. Digital nail bed biomicroscopy in children is an accessible, simple and informative method for studying the state of MC in acute respiratory diseases. In acute bronchitis, even with a mild course, there are changes in the MC pattern at the level of all microvessels, with a predominance of changes in the capillaries.","PeriodicalId":338009,"journal":{"name":"CHILD`S HEALTH","volume":"24 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138591237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.22141/2224-0551.18.7.2023.1645
S. Toktosunova, A. Toktosunov, U. Sharshenov
Background. The relevance lies in the increasing occurrence of haemangiomas in children under 1 year old when diagnosis confirmation through morphological methods is necessary. The purpose of the research is to characterise the histological initial and final changes of cutaneous haemangiomas and to present the main clinical manifestations of haemangiomas in children. Materials and methods. Several clinical (for detailed diagnosis of the disease), morphological (histological examination of the material) and statistical methods were used in the work. The object of the research was 98 children with haemangiomas of the facial skin aged 6 months to 16 years. Results. The morphological study demonstrated that in 49 cases (50 %), the typical simple capillary structure of haemangioma was identified, in 35 cases (35.7 %) — cavernous type of neoplasm. Only 18.3 % of the children had combined haemangiomas. Capillary-type haemangiomas contain many small capillaries with a narrow lumen, covered by adhering fleshy epithelium. Conclusions. During the phase of the active growth of haemangiomas, there is a predominance of massive endothelial cells, suggesting that the vascular component, particularly proliferating epithelium-lined capillaries, makes up the main and largest part of the hyperplasia.
{"title":"Clinical and morphological characteristics and diagnosis of external haemangiomas in children","authors":"S. Toktosunova, A. Toktosunov, U. Sharshenov","doi":"10.22141/2224-0551.18.7.2023.1645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.18.7.2023.1645","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The relevance lies in the increasing occurrence of haemangiomas in children under 1 year old when diagnosis confirmation through morphological methods is necessary. The purpose of the research is to characterise the histological initial and final changes of cutaneous haemangiomas and to present the main clinical manifestations of haemangiomas in children. Materials and methods. Several clinical (for detailed diagnosis of the disease), morphological (histological examination of the material) and statistical methods were used in the work. The object of the research was 98 children with haemangiomas of the facial skin aged 6 months to 16 years. Results. The morphological study demonstrated that in 49 cases (50 %), the typical simple capillary structure of haemangioma was identified, in 35 cases (35.7 %) — cavernous type of neoplasm. Only 18.3 % of the children had combined haemangiomas. Capillary-type haemangiomas contain many small capillaries with a narrow lumen, covered by adhering fleshy epithelium. Conclusions. During the phase of the active growth of haemangiomas, there is a predominance of massive endothelial cells, suggesting that the vascular component, particularly proliferating epithelium-lined capillaries, makes up the main and largest part of the hyperplasia.","PeriodicalId":338009,"journal":{"name":"CHILD`S HEALTH","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138592789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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