Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396865
T. Hasegawa, K. Nohsoh, S. Ozawa
At the parking lot of the expressway, the information concerning the state of congestion is offered to drivers. We propose the method of counting cars by using the tracking of moving objects from the sequential images taken at the outdoor parking lot. In this paper, we describe a loci extraction method by linkage and separation of the moving regions detected from time differential images, and a counting method by recognition of a car from the features of the extracted locus. We develop the system by combining a personal computer with a high speed image processor. Both the robustness and practicality of real time processing, at 0.2 second per frame, are confirmed through experiments using VTR real parking lot images.<>
{"title":"Counting cars by tracking moving objects in the outdoor parking lot","authors":"T. Hasegawa, K. Nohsoh, S. Ozawa","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396865","url":null,"abstract":"At the parking lot of the expressway, the information concerning the state of congestion is offered to drivers. We propose the method of counting cars by using the tracking of moving objects from the sequential images taken at the outdoor parking lot. In this paper, we describe a loci extraction method by linkage and separation of the moving regions detected from time differential images, and a counting method by recognition of a car from the features of the extracted locus. We develop the system by combining a personal computer with a high speed image processor. Both the robustness and practicality of real time processing, at 0.2 second per frame, are confirmed through experiments using VTR real parking lot images.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124041873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396850
J. Kaltwasser, J. Kassubek
For future road traffic a variety of applications for increasing security and efficiency are planned. The basis of these services is a communication link between vehicles and infrastructure, or between vehicles. The first generation of services like road pricing and route guidance will be realized using vehicle-infrastructure communication. Future developments aim at integrating inter-vehicle communication to enable cooperative driving, e.g. by harmonizing speed and distance. Existing networks cannot provide the required communication services. Current research is based on the 64 GHz frequency. Protocols from existing packet radio networks cannot be adapted because veh.-veh.-communication implies completely new requirements. This becomes obvious for example in the area of media access protocols (MAC-protocols). It is not possible to distribute the access to the broadcast medium by a central (master) station. In this paper a MAC-protocol is presented-COCAIN (cooperative optimized channel access for inter-vehicle communication). A brief overview on the viewed communication scenario is given and the basics of former channel access protocol approaches are summarized. The protocol approach is presented, results of simulations are briefly discussed and the crucial parameters of this protocol approach are pointed out. The influence of these crucial parameters is considered.<>
对于未来的道路交通，计划了各种提高安全性和效率的应用。这些服务的基础是车辆和基础设施之间或车辆之间的通信链路。道路收费和路线引导等第一代服务将通过车辆与基础设施的通信实现。未来的发展目标是整合车辆间通信以实现协同驾驶，例如通过协调速度和距离。现有网络无法提供所需的通信服务。目前的研究是基于64ghz的频率。来自现有分组无线网络的协议不能被改编，因为。-沟通意味着全新的要求。例如，在媒体访问协议(mac -协议)领域，这一点就变得很明显。不可能通过中央(主站)来分配对广播媒体的访问。本文提出了一种mac协议——coain (cooperative optimization channel access for inter-vehicle communication)。简要概述了所看到的通信场景，并总结了以前信道访问协议方法的基础。提出了协议方法，简要讨论了仿真结果，指出了协议方法的关键参数。考虑了这些关键参数的影响。
{"title":"A new cooperative optimized channel access for inter-vehicle communication","authors":"J. Kaltwasser, J. Kassubek","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396850","url":null,"abstract":"For future road traffic a variety of applications for increasing security and efficiency are planned. The basis of these services is a communication link between vehicles and infrastructure, or between vehicles. The first generation of services like road pricing and route guidance will be realized using vehicle-infrastructure communication. Future developments aim at integrating inter-vehicle communication to enable cooperative driving, e.g. by harmonizing speed and distance. Existing networks cannot provide the required communication services. Current research is based on the 64 GHz frequency. Protocols from existing packet radio networks cannot be adapted because veh.-veh.-communication implies completely new requirements. This becomes obvious for example in the area of media access protocols (MAC-protocols). It is not possible to distribute the access to the broadcast medium by a central (master) station. In this paper a MAC-protocol is presented-COCAIN (cooperative optimized channel access for inter-vehicle communication). A brief overview on the viewed communication scenario is given and the basics of former channel access protocol approaches are summarized. The protocol approach is presented, results of simulations are briefly discussed and the crucial parameters of this protocol approach are pointed out. The influence of these crucial parameters is considered.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130388270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396834
S. Fujii, Y. Iida, T. Uchida
This paper presents a macroscopic dynamic traffic simulation model called BOX-MODEL for evaluating information-oriented traffic control measures to reduce urban traffic congestion, for example advanced travelers information systems. This model simulates traffic condition in a large-scale network. Drivers are divided into groups according to patterns of route choice. One group is composed of drivers who get information of dynamic traffic condition and change route on the way to their destination according to the dynamic traffic condition. Another group is composed of drivers who do not get information of dynamic traffic condition but change route on the way to their destination according to dynamic traffic condition to some extent, and yet another group is composed of drivers who always use the same route. The authors examine the performance of the model through simulating traffic flow on an imaginary traffic network. The validity of the model is shown, and the effect of providing drivers information of dynamic traffic condition is estimated.<>
{"title":"Dynamic traffic simulation to evaluate vehicle navigation systems","authors":"S. Fujii, Y. Iida, T. Uchida","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396834","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a macroscopic dynamic traffic simulation model called BOX-MODEL for evaluating information-oriented traffic control measures to reduce urban traffic congestion, for example advanced travelers information systems. This model simulates traffic condition in a large-scale network. Drivers are divided into groups according to patterns of route choice. One group is composed of drivers who get information of dynamic traffic condition and change route on the way to their destination according to the dynamic traffic condition. Another group is composed of drivers who do not get information of dynamic traffic condition but change route on the way to their destination according to dynamic traffic condition to some extent, and yet another group is composed of drivers who always use the same route. The authors examine the performance of the model through simulating traffic flow on an imaginary traffic network. The validity of the model is shown, and the effect of providing drivers information of dynamic traffic condition is estimated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128030761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396848
K. Mizui, M. Uchida, M. Nakagawa
In this paper, we propose vehicle-to-vehicle 2-way communication and ranging system using spread spectrum technique called double boomerang transmission system. This proposed system is based on boomerang transmission system and uses the principle of CDMA. This proposed system is an efficient system for active safety and smooth driving without traffic jam from view of effective use of money and transmission medium. Using the proposed double boomerang transmission system, each vehicle (Vehicle-#1 or Vehicle-#2) can correctly know the information of the other vehicle (Vehicle-#2 or Vehicle-#1) and, can range the distance between two vehicles at the same time. From computer simulations, it is confirmed that the proposed double boomerang transmission system is effective even when interference signals exist.<>
{"title":"Vehicle-to-vehicle 2-way communication and ranging system using spread spectrum technique: proposal of double boomerang transmission system","authors":"K. Mizui, M. Uchida, M. Nakagawa","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396848","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose vehicle-to-vehicle 2-way communication and ranging system using spread spectrum technique called double boomerang transmission system. This proposed system is based on boomerang transmission system and uses the principle of CDMA. This proposed system is an efficient system for active safety and smooth driving without traffic jam from view of effective use of money and transmission medium. Using the proposed double boomerang transmission system, each vehicle (Vehicle-#1 or Vehicle-#2) can correctly know the information of the other vehicle (Vehicle-#2 or Vehicle-#1) and, can range the distance between two vehicles at the same time. From computer simulations, it is confirmed that the proposed double boomerang transmission system is effective even when interference signals exist.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129887444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396846
I. Sasaki, T. Hirayama, T. Hatsuda
This paper presents a new type of vehicle information networking based on inter-vehicle communication. For supporting the network, an optical direct communication system consisting of laser beam injection and retro-reflecting technique is proposed.<>
{"title":"Vehicle information networking based on inter-vehicle communication by laser beam injection and retro-reflection techniques","authors":"I. Sasaki, T. Hirayama, T. Hatsuda","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396846","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new type of vehicle information networking based on inter-vehicle communication. For supporting the network, an optical direct communication system consisting of laser beam injection and retro-reflecting technique is proposed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124418540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396879
B. Williams
The author develops the concept of the different aspects of TICS Architecture, and shows needs and developments within Europe. Architecture is defined, and concepts are discussed. A glossary of standard terminologies for reference models, architectures and taxonomy is given.<>
{"title":"TICS architecture: a European perspective","authors":"B. Williams","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396879","url":null,"abstract":"The author develops the concept of the different aspects of TICS Architecture, and shows needs and developments within Europe. Architecture is defined, and concepts are discussed. A glossary of standard terminologies for reference models, architectures and taxonomy is given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"293 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122812781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396754
M. Takada, T. Kuroda, O. Yamada
NHK has developed a new FM multiplex broadcasting system called DARC (data radio channel). DARC can provide new services such as general information, traffic information, radio paging and differential GPS data by multiplexing digital signals with existing FM stereo broadcasting signals. Data transmitted by DARC can be received correctly even when mobile, therefore, it is expected that traffic information by DARC will be broadcast in Japan. Three levels of traffic information service have been considered. For safety reasons, control data for easy operation can be thought out.<>
{"title":"FM multiplex broadcasting system \"DARC\"","authors":"M. Takada, T. Kuroda, O. Yamada","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396754","url":null,"abstract":"NHK has developed a new FM multiplex broadcasting system called DARC (data radio channel). DARC can provide new services such as general information, traffic information, radio paging and differential GPS data by multiplexing digital signals with existing FM stereo broadcasting signals. Data transmitted by DARC can be received correctly even when mobile, therefore, it is expected that traffic information by DARC will be broadcast in Japan. Three levels of traffic information service have been considered. For safety reasons, control data for easy operation can be thought out.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123040423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396844
K. Matsui, M. Kawaguchi
This paper presents a basic concept for the decentralized control of hand-off channels in mobile communication systems. We make up a mathematical model of hand-off channels in the cell network with a simultaneous system of nonlinear differential equations, and analyze the dynamical system by computer simulation. The system reaches to a stable state in a long time and then comes to act in a synergetic manner. According to this new synergetics, the slave parameters work in cooperation with the order parameters to keep the network in stable state. It is shown from the synergetics that the control parameters for distributing hand-off channels are reduced to half in this problem.<>
{"title":"Decentralized control procedure of hand-off channel in mobile communication systems","authors":"K. Matsui, M. Kawaguchi","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396844","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a basic concept for the decentralized control of hand-off channels in mobile communication systems. We make up a mathematical model of hand-off channels in the cell network with a simultaneous system of nonlinear differential equations, and analyze the dynamical system by computer simulation. The system reaches to a stable state in a long time and then comes to act in a synergetic manner. According to this new synergetics, the slave parameters work in cooperation with the order parameters to keep the network in stable state. It is shown from the synergetics that the control parameters for distributing hand-off channels are reduced to half in this problem.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"395 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115317366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396809
T. Uchida, Y. Iida, M. Nakahara
This study intends to examine the way dynamic traffic information should be provided by observing driver response to travel time information. It aims to examine driver response to a travel time information system actually in operation. A panel survey has been conducted in order to reveal the effects of travel time information on drivers' travel behavior. Six waves of surveys were scheduled between April 1991 and September 1993. The information system surveyed provides drivers with real time information of predicted travel times on three alternative routes by VMS (variable message sign) on the road. This paper elucidates the basic thinking behind and implementation of the surveys and outlines the results of preliminary analyses of data. Route choice models based on individual response to traffic information are also estimated.<>
{"title":"Panel survey on drivers' route choice behavior under travel time information","authors":"T. Uchida, Y. Iida, M. Nakahara","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396809","url":null,"abstract":"This study intends to examine the way dynamic traffic information should be provided by observing driver response to travel time information. It aims to examine driver response to a travel time information system actually in operation. A panel survey has been conducted in order to reveal the effects of travel time information on drivers' travel behavior. Six waves of surveys were scheduled between April 1991 and September 1993. The information system surveyed provides drivers with real time information of predicted travel times on three alternative routes by VMS (variable message sign) on the road. This paper elucidates the basic thinking behind and implementation of the surveys and outlines the results of preliminary analyses of data. Route choice models based on individual response to traffic information are also estimated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123718935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396886
M. Shibata
Japan Digital Road Map Association (JDRMA) started to construct the digital road map database for the whole Japan in 1988. The first database was completed in 1989, and consequently the updating started in 1990. There are two kinds of data sources for updating the JDRMA database. One is the newly issued topographic maps, which include both roads and other features but are not updated every year. The other is the information from the road administrators; it is used to update the road networks. Every year the information of the newly opened or improved roads is collected and used to update the road network in the database. Other information is also used to supplement the two main information sources. Documents of transportation facilities other than roads and information from the users are utilized. The investigation to improve the updating procedure is continued.<>
{"title":"Updating of digital road map","authors":"M. Shibata","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396886","url":null,"abstract":"Japan Digital Road Map Association (JDRMA) started to construct the digital road map database for the whole Japan in 1988. The first database was completed in 1989, and consequently the updating started in 1990. There are two kinds of data sources for updating the JDRMA database. One is the newly issued topographic maps, which include both roads and other features but are not updated every year. The other is the information from the road administrators; it is used to update the road networks. Every year the information of the newly opened or improved roads is collected and used to update the road network in the database. Other information is also used to supplement the two main information sources. Documents of transportation facilities other than roads and information from the users are utilized. The investigation to improve the updating procedure is continued.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128107517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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