Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396817
M. Imaizumi, M. Murai, H. Yagi, T. Hino
The parking-meter supervision system has been developed and successfully used practically to guide cars to vacant parking places with parking meters, in urban areas. Traffic congestion in large cities is caused partly by illegal parking of cars and their slow driving to look for parking places. The system can eliminate this cause of traffic jams and allow more efficient utilization of street spaces and effective control of traffic flows, by monitoring parking meters concentratedly. Features of the system include block control of parking meters, arrangement of parking fullness display boards, and other design details. This report describes the essentials of system design, examples of the system, and practical effects.<>
{"title":"Parking-meter supervision system","authors":"M. Imaizumi, M. Murai, H. Yagi, T. Hino","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396817","url":null,"abstract":"The parking-meter supervision system has been developed and successfully used practically to guide cars to vacant parking places with parking meters, in urban areas. Traffic congestion in large cities is caused partly by illegal parking of cars and their slow driving to look for parking places. The system can eliminate this cause of traffic jams and allow more efficient utilization of street spaces and effective control of traffic flows, by monitoring parking meters concentratedly. Features of the system include block control of parking meters, arrangement of parking fullness display boards, and other design details. This report describes the essentials of system design, examples of the system, and practical effects.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129792624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396803
T. Adachi, T. Butsuen, S. Kamiyama
We develop a "lane-keeping" system, which avoids lane excursion when a driver swerves out of his lane unintentionally, such as changing lanes, under the Advanced Safety Vehicle (ASV) project. There existed many technical difficulties, such as the safe guarantee of vehicle driving tests, the control parameter setting for an automatic steering actuator, etc., during the process of developing the "lane-keeping" system. This paper shows that our newly developed real-time simulation technique solves these difficulties and makes it easy to optimize the control parameters and its performance in a short period of time. We also show that the real-time simulation technique assures the stability of the vehicle behavior at high speed driving (120 km/h).<>
{"title":"Application of real-time simulation to the lane-keeping system","authors":"T. Adachi, T. Butsuen, S. Kamiyama","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396803","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a \"lane-keeping\" system, which avoids lane excursion when a driver swerves out of his lane unintentionally, such as changing lanes, under the Advanced Safety Vehicle (ASV) project. There existed many technical difficulties, such as the safe guarantee of vehicle driving tests, the control parameter setting for an automatic steering actuator, etc., during the process of developing the \"lane-keeping\" system. This paper shows that our newly developed real-time simulation technique solves these difficulties and makes it easy to optimize the control parameters and its performance in a short period of time. We also show that the real-time simulation technique assures the stability of the vehicle behavior at high speed driving (120 km/h).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122521451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396835
M. McDonald, M. Brackstone, D. Jeffery
At higher levels of demand, the flow of traffic on motorways can become unstable with flow breakdowns and an increase in accident risk. Improvements in capacity and stability may be achieved by modifying behaviour or control, and this process is the target of research into preventative IVHS measures. However, to understand the effects it is necessary to develop and use appropriate microscopic simulation models. To calibrate a microscopic simulation model, a large amount of checking should be performed to ensure that the model behaves correctly, at both a microscopic and a macroscopic scale. This procedure is not straightforward as microscopic data is complex to obtain and interpret, due to the diversity of the information required, and because many parameters used in model formulation are not directly related to easily observable quantities.<>
{"title":"Data requirements and sources for the calibration of microscopic motorway simulation models","authors":"M. McDonald, M. Brackstone, D. Jeffery","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396835","url":null,"abstract":"At higher levels of demand, the flow of traffic on motorways can become unstable with flow breakdowns and an increase in accident risk. Improvements in capacity and stability may be achieved by modifying behaviour or control, and this process is the target of research into preventative IVHS measures. However, to understand the effects it is necessary to develop and use appropriate microscopic simulation models. To calibrate a microscopic simulation model, a large amount of checking should be performed to ensure that the model behaves correctly, at both a microscopic and a macroscopic scale. This procedure is not straightforward as microscopic data is complex to obtain and interpret, due to the diversity of the information required, and because many parameters used in model formulation are not directly related to easily observable quantities.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123293214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396790
A. Yokota, Y. Ishikawa, S. Yamane
This paper describes a highway advisory information radio system (highway radio system) and a speech synthesizer that is used in it. The Japan Highway Public Corporation has been developing highway radio systems which collect traffic information and automatically broadcast it using a speech synthesizer in order to improve safety and convenience of driving. In such systems, detailed and appropriate information, immediacy, and plain style message are required. However, this is very difficult and an usual speech synthesizer to handle a large variety of messages is required. The authors have developed a new speech synthesis method. In this method, pitch periods of an utterance are modified and sentence intonation is generated automatically when speech data are concatenated. Thus natural sounding sentence speech can be synthesized from shorter speech units such as words and phrases. Moreover, the highway radio system updates messages every five minutes with high speed processing, and generates appropriate messages based on evaluation of the importance of collected information. This highway radio system has been working since November 1992 on the Tohoku Expressway and two other expressways.<>
{"title":"A speech synthesizer for a highway advisory information radio system","authors":"A. Yokota, Y. Ishikawa, S. Yamane","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396790","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a highway advisory information radio system (highway radio system) and a speech synthesizer that is used in it. The Japan Highway Public Corporation has been developing highway radio systems which collect traffic information and automatically broadcast it using a speech synthesizer in order to improve safety and convenience of driving. In such systems, detailed and appropriate information, immediacy, and plain style message are required. However, this is very difficult and an usual speech synthesizer to handle a large variety of messages is required. The authors have developed a new speech synthesis method. In this method, pitch periods of an utterance are modified and sentence intonation is generated automatically when speech data are concatenated. Thus natural sounding sentence speech can be synthesized from shorter speech units such as words and phrases. Moreover, the highway radio system updates messages every five minutes with high speed processing, and generates appropriate messages based on evaluation of the importance of collected information. This highway radio system has been working since November 1992 on the Tohoku Expressway and two other expressways.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133660109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396849
Y. Inoue, M. Nakagawa
Much research has been done for short range inter-vehicle communication systems and networks. The purpose of the systems has been to increase road traffic safety. Spread spectrum (SS) communication systems are able to communicate and range the distance between the terminals simultaneously. Thus it is advantageous to use the spread spectrum techniques for inter-vehicle communications. Considering the mobility of the terminals, the network need to be modeled as a number of terminals approaching each other randomly. So its operations and management should be done in a decentralized (i.e. base-station-less) manner. In this paper, medium access control (MAC) protocol for the inter-vehicle communication network using the spread spectrum technique is proposed, where a vehicle exchanges its data regularly with other surrounding vehicles. Computer simulations evaluates the basic performance of the protocol under highway conditions. It is shown that inter-vehicle communication can carried be smoothly carried out between one and surrounding vehicles in such environments.<>
{"title":"MAC protocol for inter-vehicle communication network using spread spectrum technique","authors":"Y. Inoue, M. Nakagawa","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396849","url":null,"abstract":"Much research has been done for short range inter-vehicle communication systems and networks. The purpose of the systems has been to increase road traffic safety. Spread spectrum (SS) communication systems are able to communicate and range the distance between the terminals simultaneously. Thus it is advantageous to use the spread spectrum techniques for inter-vehicle communications. Considering the mobility of the terminals, the network need to be modeled as a number of terminals approaching each other randomly. So its operations and management should be done in a decentralized (i.e. base-station-less) manner. In this paper, medium access control (MAC) protocol for the inter-vehicle communication network using the spread spectrum technique is proposed, where a vehicle exchanges its data regularly with other surrounding vehicles. Computer simulations evaluates the basic performance of the protocol under highway conditions. It is shown that inter-vehicle communication can carried be smoothly carried out between one and surrounding vehicles in such environments.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133388087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396885
H. Sodeikat
EURO-SCOUT, developed by Siemens, is a fully self-sufficient real-time dynamic guidance system for road travellers. It also represents a highly efficient traffic management tool for public authorities. EURO-SCOUT consists of three system components: 1) in-vehicle units without database; 2) infrared beacons which are linked via available communication channels; and 3) central guidance computers with road map and traffic databases. The author looks at the market aspects for EURO-SCOUT.<>
{"title":"EURO-SCOUT is facing the German 1994 market","authors":"H. Sodeikat","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396885","url":null,"abstract":"EURO-SCOUT, developed by Siemens, is a fully self-sufficient real-time dynamic guidance system for road travellers. It also represents a highly efficient traffic management tool for public authorities. EURO-SCOUT consists of three system components: 1) in-vehicle units without database; 2) infrared beacons which are linked via available communication channels; and 3) central guidance computers with road map and traffic databases. The author looks at the market aspects for EURO-SCOUT.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127652000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396758
B. McQueen
Summary form only given. A significant effect of the progress being made in the development and implementation of IVHS technologies is the new perception of the vehicle and highway as a single transportation system. As this has not been the traditional approach, there are very few established links between the automotive manufacturers and the infrastructure owners and operators. This paper explores the potential for common ground between these two groups against a background of IVHS development, and in particular the development of co-operative driving and automated highway systems. A brief summary of research and development initiatives in co-operative driving and automated highway systems is provided, followed by a discussion on the requirements for consensus among the major stakeholders. The paper concludes with a section describing some specific examples, such as road referencing, road condition databases, road geometry databases and the provision of medium range preinformation to the driver, where co-operation between the vehicle suppliers and the infrastructure owner/operators could provide synergy.<>
{"title":"Smart vehicles and intelligent highways-an integrated system?","authors":"B. McQueen","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396758","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. A significant effect of the progress being made in the development and implementation of IVHS technologies is the new perception of the vehicle and highway as a single transportation system. As this has not been the traditional approach, there are very few established links between the automotive manufacturers and the infrastructure owners and operators. This paper explores the potential for common ground between these two groups against a background of IVHS development, and in particular the development of co-operative driving and automated highway systems. A brief summary of research and development initiatives in co-operative driving and automated highway systems is provided, followed by a discussion on the requirements for consensus among the major stakeholders. The paper concludes with a section describing some specific examples, such as road referencing, road condition databases, road geometry databases and the provision of medium range preinformation to the driver, where co-operation between the vehicle suppliers and the infrastructure owner/operators could provide synergy.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131305901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396815
A. Hobeika, Chang-Kyun Kim
Network-based model were developed to predict short term future traffic volume based on current traffic, historical average, and upstream traffic. It is presumed that upstream traffic volume can be used to predict the downstream traffic in a specific time period. Three models are developed for traffic flow prediction: a combination of historical average and upstream traffic, a combination of current traffic and upstream traffic, and a combination of all three variables. The three models were evaluated using regression analysis. The third model is found to provide the best prediction for the analyzed data. In order to balance the variables appropriately according to the present traffic condition, a heuristic adaptive weighting system is devised based on the relationships between the beginning period of prediction and the previous periods. The developed models were applied to 15-minute freeway data obtained by regular induction loop detectors. The prediction models were shown to be capable of producing reliable and accurate forecasts under congested traffic condition. The prediction systems perform better in the 15-minute range than in the ranges of 30- to 45-minute. It is also found that the combined models usually produce more consistent forecasts than the historical average.<>
{"title":"Traffic-flow-prediction systems based on upstream traffic","authors":"A. Hobeika, Chang-Kyun Kim","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396815","url":null,"abstract":"Network-based model were developed to predict short term future traffic volume based on current traffic, historical average, and upstream traffic. It is presumed that upstream traffic volume can be used to predict the downstream traffic in a specific time period. Three models are developed for traffic flow prediction: a combination of historical average and upstream traffic, a combination of current traffic and upstream traffic, and a combination of all three variables. The three models were evaluated using regression analysis. The third model is found to provide the best prediction for the analyzed data. In order to balance the variables appropriately according to the present traffic condition, a heuristic adaptive weighting system is devised based on the relationships between the beginning period of prediction and the previous periods. The developed models were applied to 15-minute freeway data obtained by regular induction loop detectors. The prediction models were shown to be capable of producing reliable and accurate forecasts under congested traffic condition. The prediction systems perform better in the 15-minute range than in the ranges of 30- to 45-minute. It is also found that the combined models usually produce more consistent forecasts than the historical average.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124929592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396825
K. Uchimura, H. Sakaguchi, T. Nakashima
Genetic algorithms are proposed as a new learning paradigm for combinatorial optimization that models a natural evolution mechanism. The authors attempt to apply genetic algorithms to the vehicle routing problem. As it is easy to generate the same gene while a generation shift goes on, it is feared that a solution will fall into a local minimum. The authors propose a new method that does not permit overlapping of genes. Some experiments are performed on digital road maps. The authors' results show that the genetic algorithms can effectively find optimum solutions.<>
{"title":"Genetic algorithms for vehicle routing problem in delivery system","authors":"K. Uchimura, H. Sakaguchi, T. Nakashima","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396825","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic algorithms are proposed as a new learning paradigm for combinatorial optimization that models a natural evolution mechanism. The authors attempt to apply genetic algorithms to the vehicle routing problem. As it is easy to generate the same gene while a generation shift goes on, it is feared that a solution will fall into a local minimum. The authors propose a new method that does not permit overlapping of genes. Some experiments are performed on digital road maps. The authors' results show that the genetic algorithms can effectively find optimum solutions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123929928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396791
T. Todoriki, J. Fukano, S. Okabayashi, M. Sakata, H. Tsuda
The paper first discusses using HUDs for in-vehicle navigation/route guidance systems based on the results of preliminary experiments. It then discusses how and what kinds of information should be displayed by HUDs to assure ease of recognition by the driver. Finally, based on these considerations, a HUD system is proposed as a visual interface for future in-vehicle navigation/route guidance systems.<>
{"title":"Application of head-up displays for in-vehicle navigation/route guidance","authors":"T. Todoriki, J. Fukano, S. Okabayashi, M. Sakata, H. Tsuda","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396791","url":null,"abstract":"The paper first discusses using HUDs for in-vehicle navigation/route guidance systems based on the results of preliminary experiments. It then discusses how and what kinds of information should be displayed by HUDs to assure ease of recognition by the driver. Finally, based on these considerations, a HUD system is proposed as a visual interface for future in-vehicle navigation/route guidance systems.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122493037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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