Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396855
H. Seno, K. Kai, T. Isobe
PRESENT is a multimedia information broadcasting service transmitted through a BS data channel or ISDB. It is a service with an image similar to electronic newspapers or electronic magazines. PRESENT offers such features as various program selection methods for personal needs, versatile presentation by multimedia and interactive viewing by hypermedia. This paper outlines PRESENT and a simple program selection method for general persons and a special structuring method for viewing with different functions of a receiver are discussed. The program selection method and the structuring method can be applied in the mobile multimedia communication field.<>
{"title":"Multimedia information broadcasting service \"PRESENT\"","authors":"H. Seno, K. Kai, T. Isobe","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396855","url":null,"abstract":"PRESENT is a multimedia information broadcasting service transmitted through a BS data channel or ISDB. It is a service with an image similar to electronic newspapers or electronic magazines. PRESENT offers such features as various program selection methods for personal needs, versatile presentation by multimedia and interactive viewing by hypermedia. This paper outlines PRESENT and a simple program selection method for general persons and a special structuring method for viewing with different functions of a receiver are discussed. The program selection method and the structuring method can be applied in the mobile multimedia communication field.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121108554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396885
H. Sodeikat
EURO-SCOUT, developed by Siemens, is a fully self-sufficient real-time dynamic guidance system for road travellers. It also represents a highly efficient traffic management tool for public authorities. EURO-SCOUT consists of three system components: 1) in-vehicle units without database; 2) infrared beacons which are linked via available communication channels; and 3) central guidance computers with road map and traffic databases. The author looks at the market aspects for EURO-SCOUT.<>
{"title":"EURO-SCOUT is facing the German 1994 market","authors":"H. Sodeikat","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396885","url":null,"abstract":"EURO-SCOUT, developed by Siemens, is a fully self-sufficient real-time dynamic guidance system for road travellers. It also represents a highly efficient traffic management tool for public authorities. EURO-SCOUT consists of three system components: 1) in-vehicle units without database; 2) infrared beacons which are linked via available communication channels; and 3) central guidance computers with road map and traffic databases. The author looks at the market aspects for EURO-SCOUT.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127652000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396764
K. Tetsusaki
A new electronic toll collection (ETC) system has been developed primarily for toll road. A smart card is carried in the vehicle and is read by a roadside or overhead charging station. This ETC system features to (1) cryptographic techniques and personal identity number (PIN) to ensure complete privacy and security, and (2) applicability to both open and closed toll systems as well as both prepay and postpay transactions. After development of the prototype system, field tests conducted in Japan confirmed good performance under various conditions.<>
{"title":"High security electronic toll and traffic management and road pricing system using encrypted messages and personal identity number","authors":"K. Tetsusaki","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396764","url":null,"abstract":"A new electronic toll collection (ETC) system has been developed primarily for toll road. A smart card is carried in the vehicle and is read by a roadside or overhead charging station. This ETC system features to (1) cryptographic techniques and personal identity number (PIN) to ensure complete privacy and security, and (2) applicability to both open and closed toll systems as well as both prepay and postpay transactions. After development of the prototype system, field tests conducted in Japan confirmed good performance under various conditions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121976465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396758
B. McQueen
Summary form only given. A significant effect of the progress being made in the development and implementation of IVHS technologies is the new perception of the vehicle and highway as a single transportation system. As this has not been the traditional approach, there are very few established links between the automotive manufacturers and the infrastructure owners and operators. This paper explores the potential for common ground between these two groups against a background of IVHS development, and in particular the development of co-operative driving and automated highway systems. A brief summary of research and development initiatives in co-operative driving and automated highway systems is provided, followed by a discussion on the requirements for consensus among the major stakeholders. The paper concludes with a section describing some specific examples, such as road referencing, road condition databases, road geometry databases and the provision of medium range preinformation to the driver, where co-operation between the vehicle suppliers and the infrastructure owner/operators could provide synergy.<>
{"title":"Smart vehicles and intelligent highways-an integrated system?","authors":"B. McQueen","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396758","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. A significant effect of the progress being made in the development and implementation of IVHS technologies is the new perception of the vehicle and highway as a single transportation system. As this has not been the traditional approach, there are very few established links between the automotive manufacturers and the infrastructure owners and operators. This paper explores the potential for common ground between these two groups against a background of IVHS development, and in particular the development of co-operative driving and automated highway systems. A brief summary of research and development initiatives in co-operative driving and automated highway systems is provided, followed by a discussion on the requirements for consensus among the major stakeholders. The paper concludes with a section describing some specific examples, such as road referencing, road condition databases, road geometry databases and the provision of medium range preinformation to the driver, where co-operation between the vehicle suppliers and the infrastructure owner/operators could provide synergy.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131305901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396849
Y. Inoue, M. Nakagawa
Much research has been done for short range inter-vehicle communication systems and networks. The purpose of the systems has been to increase road traffic safety. Spread spectrum (SS) communication systems are able to communicate and range the distance between the terminals simultaneously. Thus it is advantageous to use the spread spectrum techniques for inter-vehicle communications. Considering the mobility of the terminals, the network need to be modeled as a number of terminals approaching each other randomly. So its operations and management should be done in a decentralized (i.e. base-station-less) manner. In this paper, medium access control (MAC) protocol for the inter-vehicle communication network using the spread spectrum technique is proposed, where a vehicle exchanges its data regularly with other surrounding vehicles. Computer simulations evaluates the basic performance of the protocol under highway conditions. It is shown that inter-vehicle communication can carried be smoothly carried out between one and surrounding vehicles in such environments.<>
{"title":"MAC protocol for inter-vehicle communication network using spread spectrum technique","authors":"Y. Inoue, M. Nakagawa","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396849","url":null,"abstract":"Much research has been done for short range inter-vehicle communication systems and networks. The purpose of the systems has been to increase road traffic safety. Spread spectrum (SS) communication systems are able to communicate and range the distance between the terminals simultaneously. Thus it is advantageous to use the spread spectrum techniques for inter-vehicle communications. Considering the mobility of the terminals, the network need to be modeled as a number of terminals approaching each other randomly. So its operations and management should be done in a decentralized (i.e. base-station-less) manner. In this paper, medium access control (MAC) protocol for the inter-vehicle communication network using the spread spectrum technique is proposed, where a vehicle exchanges its data regularly with other surrounding vehicles. Computer simulations evaluates the basic performance of the protocol under highway conditions. It is shown that inter-vehicle communication can carried be smoothly carried out between one and surrounding vehicles in such environments.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133388087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396790
A. Yokota, Y. Ishikawa, S. Yamane
This paper describes a highway advisory information radio system (highway radio system) and a speech synthesizer that is used in it. The Japan Highway Public Corporation has been developing highway radio systems which collect traffic information and automatically broadcast it using a speech synthesizer in order to improve safety and convenience of driving. In such systems, detailed and appropriate information, immediacy, and plain style message are required. However, this is very difficult and an usual speech synthesizer to handle a large variety of messages is required. The authors have developed a new speech synthesis method. In this method, pitch periods of an utterance are modified and sentence intonation is generated automatically when speech data are concatenated. Thus natural sounding sentence speech can be synthesized from shorter speech units such as words and phrases. Moreover, the highway radio system updates messages every five minutes with high speed processing, and generates appropriate messages based on evaluation of the importance of collected information. This highway radio system has been working since November 1992 on the Tohoku Expressway and two other expressways.<>
{"title":"A speech synthesizer for a highway advisory information radio system","authors":"A. Yokota, Y. Ishikawa, S. Yamane","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396790","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a highway advisory information radio system (highway radio system) and a speech synthesizer that is used in it. The Japan Highway Public Corporation has been developing highway radio systems which collect traffic information and automatically broadcast it using a speech synthesizer in order to improve safety and convenience of driving. In such systems, detailed and appropriate information, immediacy, and plain style message are required. However, this is very difficult and an usual speech synthesizer to handle a large variety of messages is required. The authors have developed a new speech synthesis method. In this method, pitch periods of an utterance are modified and sentence intonation is generated automatically when speech data are concatenated. Thus natural sounding sentence speech can be synthesized from shorter speech units such as words and phrases. Moreover, the highway radio system updates messages every five minutes with high speed processing, and generates appropriate messages based on evaluation of the importance of collected information. This highway radio system has been working since November 1992 on the Tohoku Expressway and two other expressways.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133660109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396817
M. Imaizumi, M. Murai, H. Yagi, T. Hino
The parking-meter supervision system has been developed and successfully used practically to guide cars to vacant parking places with parking meters, in urban areas. Traffic congestion in large cities is caused partly by illegal parking of cars and their slow driving to look for parking places. The system can eliminate this cause of traffic jams and allow more efficient utilization of street spaces and effective control of traffic flows, by monitoring parking meters concentratedly. Features of the system include block control of parking meters, arrangement of parking fullness display boards, and other design details. This report describes the essentials of system design, examples of the system, and practical effects.<>
{"title":"Parking-meter supervision system","authors":"M. Imaizumi, M. Murai, H. Yagi, T. Hino","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396817","url":null,"abstract":"The parking-meter supervision system has been developed and successfully used practically to guide cars to vacant parking places with parking meters, in urban areas. Traffic congestion in large cities is caused partly by illegal parking of cars and their slow driving to look for parking places. The system can eliminate this cause of traffic jams and allow more efficient utilization of street spaces and effective control of traffic flows, by monitoring parking meters concentratedly. Features of the system include block control of parking meters, arrangement of parking fullness display boards, and other design details. This report describes the essentials of system design, examples of the system, and practical effects.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129792624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396815
A. Hobeika, Chang-Kyun Kim
Network-based model were developed to predict short term future traffic volume based on current traffic, historical average, and upstream traffic. It is presumed that upstream traffic volume can be used to predict the downstream traffic in a specific time period. Three models are developed for traffic flow prediction: a combination of historical average and upstream traffic, a combination of current traffic and upstream traffic, and a combination of all three variables. The three models were evaluated using regression analysis. The third model is found to provide the best prediction for the analyzed data. In order to balance the variables appropriately according to the present traffic condition, a heuristic adaptive weighting system is devised based on the relationships between the beginning period of prediction and the previous periods. The developed models were applied to 15-minute freeway data obtained by regular induction loop detectors. The prediction models were shown to be capable of producing reliable and accurate forecasts under congested traffic condition. The prediction systems perform better in the 15-minute range than in the ranges of 30- to 45-minute. It is also found that the combined models usually produce more consistent forecasts than the historical average.<>
{"title":"Traffic-flow-prediction systems based on upstream traffic","authors":"A. Hobeika, Chang-Kyun Kim","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396815","url":null,"abstract":"Network-based model were developed to predict short term future traffic volume based on current traffic, historical average, and upstream traffic. It is presumed that upstream traffic volume can be used to predict the downstream traffic in a specific time period. Three models are developed for traffic flow prediction: a combination of historical average and upstream traffic, a combination of current traffic and upstream traffic, and a combination of all three variables. The three models were evaluated using regression analysis. The third model is found to provide the best prediction for the analyzed data. In order to balance the variables appropriately according to the present traffic condition, a heuristic adaptive weighting system is devised based on the relationships between the beginning period of prediction and the previous periods. The developed models were applied to 15-minute freeway data obtained by regular induction loop detectors. The prediction models were shown to be capable of producing reliable and accurate forecasts under congested traffic condition. The prediction systems perform better in the 15-minute range than in the ranges of 30- to 45-minute. It is also found that the combined models usually produce more consistent forecasts than the historical average.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124929592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396805
K. Yamada, T. Nakano, S. Yamamoto, E. Akutsu, I. Aoki
The dynamic range of brightness on road scenes is very wide, because the lighting condition dynamically varies with various weather and road conditions. Therefore, the dynamic range of conventional TV cameras is insufficient to input the images of road scenes. The authors have developed a method for expanding the dynamic range of TV cameras. Also, they have developed an experimental vision sensor system with a wide dynamic range based on the method applicable to the vision systems for vehicles. The effectiveness of the sensor in comparison with conventional TV cameras was confirmed from the experiments on highways under various lighting conditions.<>
{"title":"Wide dynamic range vision sensor for vehicles","authors":"K. Yamada, T. Nakano, S. Yamamoto, E. Akutsu, I. Aoki","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396805","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic range of brightness on road scenes is very wide, because the lighting condition dynamically varies with various weather and road conditions. Therefore, the dynamic range of conventional TV cameras is insufficient to input the images of road scenes. The authors have developed a method for expanding the dynamic range of TV cameras. Also, they have developed an experimental vision sensor system with a wide dynamic range based on the method applicable to the vision systems for vehicles. The effectiveness of the sensor in comparison with conventional TV cameras was confirmed from the experiments on highways under various lighting conditions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130500629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-31DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1994.396813
R. Dunn
New Zealand has adopted the Resource Management Act which provides a framework for sustainable development. All projects, private and public, are required to conform to the provisions which are designed to promote "the sustainable management of physical and natural resources". The paper outlines the principles of the New Zealand Act and then identifies some of the basic problems and inconsistencies which have appeared related to road and transport projects. It concludes that the process of evaluating road and transport projects within the context of sustainable development, requires new methodologies and ideas-some of the new technologies and in particular communication systems and information technology are expected to play a major role.<>
{"title":"Evaluating road transport projects in the context of sustainable development","authors":"R. Dunn","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1994.396813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1994.396813","url":null,"abstract":"New Zealand has adopted the Resource Management Act which provides a framework for sustainable development. All projects, private and public, are required to conform to the provisions which are designed to promote \"the sustainable management of physical and natural resources\". The paper outlines the principles of the New Zealand Act and then identifies some of the basic problems and inconsistencies which have appeared related to road and transport projects. It concludes that the process of evaluating road and transport projects within the context of sustainable development, requires new methodologies and ideas-some of the new technologies and in particular communication systems and information technology are expected to play a major role.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":338322,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of VNIS'94 - 1994 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130618313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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