Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders of adrenal steroid biosynthesis. 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11 β-OHD) – caused by a mutation in CYP11B1 – is responsible for 5%–8% of all CAH cases. In the classic form, genotypic female newborns exhibit ambiguous genitalia, but the disorder can remain undetected in males. We report a 2-year, 8-month-old male patient with 11 β-OHD presenting with pseudoprecocious puberty, hypertension, and skin hyperpigmentation. His biochemical profile revealed elevated basal 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and corticotropin levels. The diagnosis was confirmed by detecting a novel splicing mutation in CYP11B1 (NM_000497.3) (c. 955-1G>C). The patient was prescribed hydrocortisone and leuprolide acetate treatment and follow-up appointments. His blood pressure, 11-DOC levels, and skin hyperpigmentation improved after treatment. No further changes in pubertal development were noted. This splicing variant has not been previously reported; hence, our findings broaden the spectrum of the existing database of pathogenic CYP11B1 mutations.
{"title":"11β-hydroxylase deficiency caused by a novel CYP11B1 variant: A case report","authors":"Hossam Aldosari, Rawand Alharbi","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_37_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_37_21","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders of adrenal steroid biosynthesis. 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11 β-OHD) – caused by a mutation in CYP11B1 – is responsible for 5%–8% of all CAH cases. In the classic form, genotypic female newborns exhibit ambiguous genitalia, but the disorder can remain undetected in males. We report a 2-year, 8-month-old male patient with 11 β-OHD presenting with pseudoprecocious puberty, hypertension, and skin hyperpigmentation. His biochemical profile revealed elevated basal 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and corticotropin levels. The diagnosis was confirmed by detecting a novel splicing mutation in CYP11B1 (NM_000497.3) (c. 955-1G>C). The patient was prescribed hydrocortisone and leuprolide acetate treatment and follow-up appointments. His blood pressure, 11-DOC levels, and skin hyperpigmentation improved after treatment. No further changes in pubertal development were noted. This splicing variant has not been previously reported; hence, our findings broaden the spectrum of the existing database of pathogenic CYP11B1 mutations.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"105 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41506480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_126_22
R. Ranganath, M. Simon, Yusra Shah, Fatma AlAbduwani, Hakeema Al Mubarak, Fatma Issa Al-Shamsi
Introduction: Peer-assisted learning (PAL) is a student-centered active learning process which provides a flexible approach for students to prepare and organize their learning prospectus and gives opportunity for collaboration among peers. Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and impact of online PAL session in enhancing the knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) among medical students. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional, quasi-experimental study done using mixed-method design. Subjects and Methods: Online PAL session was conducted for premedical and preclinical students by the peer tutors for 93 medical students in March 2020. Knowledge of breast cancer and BSE was compared with the pretest and posttest scores. Feedback survey from tutees, tutors, and faculties was taken to evaluate conduct and satisfaction of the workshop for improvements in future. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. Descriptive data were presented as frequency and percentage. Continuous data were presented as mean and standard deviation. Paired sample t-test was applied for statistical significance of pretest and posttest data. Results: Significant improvements were observed in the posttest scores of knowledge on breast cancer and BSE. The mean satisfaction score was high among the tutees, tutors, and faculties, indicating that PAL session had significant impact on students. Conclusions: PAL sessions can be a dynamic tool to create a safe and successful learning environment for students to learn on sensitive health issues such as breast cancer and BSE.
{"title":"Effectiveness of online peer-assisted learning session in fostering the knowledge on breast cancer and breast self-examination among undergraduate medical students","authors":"R. Ranganath, M. Simon, Yusra Shah, Fatma AlAbduwani, Hakeema Al Mubarak, Fatma Issa Al-Shamsi","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_126_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_126_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Peer-assisted learning (PAL) is a student-centered active learning process which provides a flexible approach for students to prepare and organize their learning prospectus and gives opportunity for collaboration among peers. Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and impact of online PAL session in enhancing the knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) among medical students. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional, quasi-experimental study done using mixed-method design. Subjects and Methods: Online PAL session was conducted for premedical and preclinical students by the peer tutors for 93 medical students in March 2020. Knowledge of breast cancer and BSE was compared with the pretest and posttest scores. Feedback survey from tutees, tutors, and faculties was taken to evaluate conduct and satisfaction of the workshop for improvements in future. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. Descriptive data were presented as frequency and percentage. Continuous data were presented as mean and standard deviation. Paired sample t-test was applied for statistical significance of pretest and posttest data. Results: Significant improvements were observed in the posttest scores of knowledge on breast cancer and BSE. The mean satisfaction score was high among the tutees, tutors, and faculties, indicating that PAL session had significant impact on students. Conclusions: PAL sessions can be a dynamic tool to create a safe and successful learning environment for students to learn on sensitive health issues such as breast cancer and BSE.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"71 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41442474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_120_22
Norah Alharbi, Norah Bin Aydan, Sulamin Alhamzah
Poststroke depression (PSD) occurs in a significant number of patients and constitutes an important complication of stroke, leading to greater disability as well as increased mortality. Determining the prevalence of PSD in the Saudi population will provide more focused practice in assessing stroke patients for depression, which will improve patients' quality of life and reduce the time needed for recovery. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and the risk factors of PSD. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among post stroke patients in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Assessing the post stroke patients at King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between March 2021 and March 2022 by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26. Results: In this study, 119 stroke patients (56.3% female) participated. 70.5% of all stroke cases were ischemic stroke. The prevalence of depression in patients diagnosed with stroke was 76.5%. Regarding depression severity, 38.7%, and 20.2% of the patients had moderate and severe depression, respectively. Although this is the case, only 28.6% of patients who had a stroke used antidepressants. We also observed that the prevalence of depression was significantly more common among gender females (P = 0.003), unemployed (P = 0.016), patients with less monthly income (P = 0.013), and patients with a family history of psychiatric disorder (P = 0.011). Conclusion: In this study, two-thirds of the stroke survivors experience PSD. It is mostly correlated with sociodemographic factors such as female gender, mental illness in the family history, unemployment, and low income. Likewise, PSD may also be predicted by a family history of mental illness.
{"title":"Prevalence of poststroke depression among Saudi patients in tertiary medical centers: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Norah Alharbi, Norah Bin Aydan, Sulamin Alhamzah","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_120_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_120_22","url":null,"abstract":"Poststroke depression (PSD) occurs in a significant number of patients and constitutes an important complication of stroke, leading to greater disability as well as increased mortality. Determining the prevalence of PSD in the Saudi population will provide more focused practice in assessing stroke patients for depression, which will improve patients' quality of life and reduce the time needed for recovery. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and the risk factors of PSD. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among post stroke patients in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Assessing the post stroke patients at King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between March 2021 and March 2022 by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26. Results: In this study, 119 stroke patients (56.3% female) participated. 70.5% of all stroke cases were ischemic stroke. The prevalence of depression in patients diagnosed with stroke was 76.5%. Regarding depression severity, 38.7%, and 20.2% of the patients had moderate and severe depression, respectively. Although this is the case, only 28.6% of patients who had a stroke used antidepressants. We also observed that the prevalence of depression was significantly more common among gender females (P = 0.003), unemployed (P = 0.016), patients with less monthly income (P = 0.013), and patients with a family history of psychiatric disorder (P = 0.011). Conclusion: In this study, two-thirds of the stroke survivors experience PSD. It is mostly correlated with sociodemographic factors such as female gender, mental illness in the family history, unemployment, and low income. Likewise, PSD may also be predicted by a family history of mental illness.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"77 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48290728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_121_22
Turki B. Albacker, Faisal Alqumaizi, Aljoud Alqazlan, F. Alghamdi, Amr A. Arafat
Background: Many studies have investigated the prophylactic use of dopamine in cardiac or critically ill patients with controversial results. However, only very few studies investigated the therapeutic use of low-dose dopamine in cardiac surgery patients after the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of postoperative use of low-dose dopamine in patients who develop AKI postcardiac surgery on improvement in renal function. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that included all adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and developed AKI between January 2017 and December 2020. Ninety-six patients were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups; the first group who did not receive postoperative renal-dose dopamine (39 patients) and the second group who received dopamine (57 patients). The outcomes of interest were the improvement in renal function as indicated by the serum creatinine level, the requirement for dialysis, and the 30-day mortality. Results: The dopamine group had higher postoperative peak creatinine levels (205 vs. 164, P < 0.001) and higher requirements for dialysis (22.81% vs. 2.56%, P = 0.01) compared to the nondopamine group. In addition, the dopamine group had longer duration of intubation (24 h vs. 21 h, P = 0.01), longer requirement for inotropic support (4 days vs. 3 days, P < 0.001), and higher rate of re-exploration for bleeding or tamponade (21.05% vs. 2.56%, P = 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that time from surgery was the only factor associated with an increase in creatinine level while dopamine use was not associated with an increase or decrease in postoperative creatinine level. Conclusion: The use of low-dose dopamine was not effective as a therapeutic agent in improving renal function or eliminating the need for dialysis in patients who develop AKI postcardiac surgery.
{"title":"Renal-dose dopamine postcardiac surgery in patients with acute kidney injury","authors":"Turki B. Albacker, Faisal Alqumaizi, Aljoud Alqazlan, F. Alghamdi, Amr A. Arafat","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_121_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_121_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many studies have investigated the prophylactic use of dopamine in cardiac or critically ill patients with controversial results. However, only very few studies investigated the therapeutic use of low-dose dopamine in cardiac surgery patients after the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of postoperative use of low-dose dopamine in patients who develop AKI postcardiac surgery on improvement in renal function. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that included all adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and developed AKI between January 2017 and December 2020. Ninety-six patients were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups; the first group who did not receive postoperative renal-dose dopamine (39 patients) and the second group who received dopamine (57 patients). The outcomes of interest were the improvement in renal function as indicated by the serum creatinine level, the requirement for dialysis, and the 30-day mortality. Results: The dopamine group had higher postoperative peak creatinine levels (205 vs. 164, P < 0.001) and higher requirements for dialysis (22.81% vs. 2.56%, P = 0.01) compared to the nondopamine group. In addition, the dopamine group had longer duration of intubation (24 h vs. 21 h, P = 0.01), longer requirement for inotropic support (4 days vs. 3 days, P < 0.001), and higher rate of re-exploration for bleeding or tamponade (21.05% vs. 2.56%, P = 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that time from surgery was the only factor associated with an increase in creatinine level while dopamine use was not associated with an increase or decrease in postoperative creatinine level. Conclusion: The use of low-dose dopamine was not effective as a therapeutic agent in improving renal function or eliminating the need for dialysis in patients who develop AKI postcardiac surgery.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"66 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45795779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_169_20
Hatim Alassaf, A. Alturki, Nouf Almansour, Arwa Albdulsalam, Roba Altameem, Z. Alqahtani, Aseel Alfahhad, Hessah Alsayahi, F. Alotaibi
Background: Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) complaints are quite common, representing almost 25% of adults and 50% of pediatric patients visiting primary health-care clinic. However, the duration of undergraduate courses does not correlate with how frequent ENT complaints are, as it does not exceed three weeks in the majority of medical school curriculums. Moreover, this is detrimental as all graduating physicians, regardless of their specialties, will be dealing with ENT complaints in their future practice. Objective: To assess medical students' basic ENT knowledge and to estimate their competency in approaching and managing common otolaryngology cases. Methods: This is a multi-institutional, cross-sectional study that included 1124 medical students from all public universities in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using an online survey with a validated questionnaire from a previous similar study. Results: The level of knowledge among the medical students correlates positively with their comfort level in performing head and neck examinations, as well as confronting and diagnosing ENT cases (P < 0.001). Medical interns displayed higher knowledge scores than medical students; females displayed higher average knowledge scores than their male counterparts (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, respectively). Participants who had 3–4 days per week in ENT services, and those with the intention of pursuing a career in ENT, demonstrated higher knowledge scores (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that participants who spend more time in an ENT service have better knowledge scores than those with less time in the field; this indicates the need for a more extended, focused, and better-structured ENT curriculum for medical graduates to become more efficient in handling ENT cases.
{"title":"Basic ear, nose, and throat knowledge among medical students: A multi-institutional study reflecting the current stage of ear, nose, and throat curriculum in undergraduate medical education","authors":"Hatim Alassaf, A. Alturki, Nouf Almansour, Arwa Albdulsalam, Roba Altameem, Z. Alqahtani, Aseel Alfahhad, Hessah Alsayahi, F. Alotaibi","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_169_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_169_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) complaints are quite common, representing almost 25% of adults and 50% of pediatric patients visiting primary health-care clinic. However, the duration of undergraduate courses does not correlate with how frequent ENT complaints are, as it does not exceed three weeks in the majority of medical school curriculums. Moreover, this is detrimental as all graduating physicians, regardless of their specialties, will be dealing with ENT complaints in their future practice. Objective: To assess medical students' basic ENT knowledge and to estimate their competency in approaching and managing common otolaryngology cases. Methods: This is a multi-institutional, cross-sectional study that included 1124 medical students from all public universities in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using an online survey with a validated questionnaire from a previous similar study. Results: The level of knowledge among the medical students correlates positively with their comfort level in performing head and neck examinations, as well as confronting and diagnosing ENT cases (P < 0.001). Medical interns displayed higher knowledge scores than medical students; females displayed higher average knowledge scores than their male counterparts (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, respectively). Participants who had 3–4 days per week in ENT services, and those with the intention of pursuing a career in ENT, demonstrated higher knowledge scores (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that participants who spend more time in an ENT service have better knowledge scores than those with less time in the field; this indicates the need for a more extended, focused, and better-structured ENT curriculum for medical graduates to become more efficient in handling ENT cases.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"59 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48128507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_155_22
K. Aljerian, Norah AlHogail, Saud Alaqeel, Khayyal Alderaan, Abdulla Al-hawamdeh, Hani Alhudhaif
Introduction: The present study was undertaken to understand the level of awareness, education, and motivations of medical students toward the practice of autopsy. Methods: We distributed 213 questionnaires among undergraduate medical students. A total of 199 participants gave informed consent to be enrolled in this study and agreed to the anonymous publication of the findings. After data curation, the data were coded and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SmartPLS software). Results: Saudi medical students who studied the autopsy course find a student's ideology to be a determinant variable governing the perception of autopsy performance. Their acquisition of knowledge about autopsy did not suffice to change their attitude toward performing autopsies. However, the students' self-reported awareness positively affects their attitude toward performing autopsy. Conclusions: The students think that autopsy causes neither disfigurement nor disrespect of the cadaver. Nevertheless, the inclusion of a more hands-on approach could help include the “hidden curriculum,” i.e., the crucial aspects that escape formal teaching and arise from watching teachers, their attitudes, techniques, and interests. The insights obtained from this study aim to improve and advance forensic studies among medical students in Saudi Arabia.
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and awareness toward autopsy practice among King Saud University medical students","authors":"K. Aljerian, Norah AlHogail, Saud Alaqeel, Khayyal Alderaan, Abdulla Al-hawamdeh, Hani Alhudhaif","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_155_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_155_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study was undertaken to understand the level of awareness, education, and motivations of medical students toward the practice of autopsy. Methods: We distributed 213 questionnaires among undergraduate medical students. A total of 199 participants gave informed consent to be enrolled in this study and agreed to the anonymous publication of the findings. After data curation, the data were coded and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SmartPLS software). Results: Saudi medical students who studied the autopsy course find a student's ideology to be a determinant variable governing the perception of autopsy performance. Their acquisition of knowledge about autopsy did not suffice to change their attitude toward performing autopsies. However, the students' self-reported awareness positively affects their attitude toward performing autopsy. Conclusions: The students think that autopsy causes neither disfigurement nor disrespect of the cadaver. Nevertheless, the inclusion of a more hands-on approach could help include the “hidden curriculum,” i.e., the crucial aspects that escape formal teaching and arise from watching teachers, their attitudes, techniques, and interests. The insights obtained from this study aim to improve and advance forensic studies among medical students in Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"89 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45246934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Altuwaijri, Mohamad H. Farhoud, M. A. Al Masri, Fawaz Altuwaijri, N. Azzam, Kaisor Iqbal, M. Barry
Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are frequently observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals at distinct time intervals after the initial diagnosis. Psychological distress in the form of anxiety, burnout, and depression is regarded as a common complication of COVID-19, but also as a risk factor for the development and exacerbation of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is highly prevalent among COVID-19 patients and the general population. The pathophysiological mechanisms culminating in the diagnosis of IBS are yet to be fully understood, however, factors including gut–brain interaction, COVID-19-related intestinal damage, and other external influences might play a role in this process. While long-term GI complications of COVID-19 such as IBS are speculated to develop as a result of a multifaceted interaction between the virus itself with the host, in addition to the effects of psychological distress, further research on this topic is warranted. The purpose of this study was to explore possible factors correlating with the development of IBS and depression during the follow-up period post-COVID-19 infection.
{"title":"Short-and long-term outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 patients presenting with diarrhea","authors":"M. Altuwaijri, Mohamad H. Farhoud, M. A. Al Masri, Fawaz Altuwaijri, N. Azzam, Kaisor Iqbal, M. Barry","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_65_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_65_22","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are frequently observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals at distinct time intervals after the initial diagnosis. Psychological distress in the form of anxiety, burnout, and depression is regarded as a common complication of COVID-19, but also as a risk factor for the development and exacerbation of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is highly prevalent among COVID-19 patients and the general population. The pathophysiological mechanisms culminating in the diagnosis of IBS are yet to be fully understood, however, factors including gut–brain interaction, COVID-19-related intestinal damage, and other external influences might play a role in this process. While long-term GI complications of COVID-19 such as IBS are speculated to develop as a result of a multifaceted interaction between the virus itself with the host, in addition to the effects of psychological distress, further research on this topic is warranted. The purpose of this study was to explore possible factors correlating with the development of IBS and depression during the follow-up period post-COVID-19 infection.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"101 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43560236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_139_21
M. Alraddadi, Hamad S. Alyami, N. Alqahtani, N. Khalil, Asmaa Alraddadi, N. Alotaibi
Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and predictors of symptom persistence associated with severe and critical coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) after more than 120 days from the onset of the disease. Materials and Methods: This is a single-center, cross-sectional study of 125 adults who were admitted to King Khalid University Hospital (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) with severe and critical COVID-19 between March 4 and December 1, 2020. Telephone interviews were conducted between April 1 and May 31, 2021, to collect data on COVID-19 symptoms persisting after more than 120 days from the onset of the disease. All of the participants had been discharged from the hospital and had resumed their normal lives. Symptoms of COVID-19 that had not been present before the onset of the disease were considered to be persistent if participants confirmed their continued presence at the time of the interview. The impact of chronic disease on persistent symptoms was considered. Results: About 42.4% (53/125) of patients had at least one or more persistent symptoms; 27.2% (34/125) had breathlessness, 5.6% (7/125) cough, and 4.8% (6/125) chest pain. These three symptoms had been present from the first presentation. Hair loss was reported by 14.4% (18/125), forgetfulness by 8% (10/125), difficulty in concentrating by 6.4% (8/125), and lack of energy by 4% (5/125). Those had manifested after more than 120 days from the symptom's onset. The major factors in suffering from persistent symptoms were intensive care unit (ICU) admission or/and fever (temperature >38°), or/and diarrhea. There was no correlation between persistent symptoms and chronic diseases. Conclusions: After more than 120 days from the confirmation of severe and critical COVID-19, more than one-third of discharged adults were found to have one or more persistent symptoms. These were mainly associated with the need for ICU admission, fever (temperature >38°), and diarrhea. More care needs to be given to COVID-19 patients in the presence of these factors and prolonged medical care would appear to be essential.
{"title":"Persistent symptoms of severe and critical COVID-19: A cross-sectional study after more than 120 days from disease onset","authors":"M. Alraddadi, Hamad S. Alyami, N. Alqahtani, N. Khalil, Asmaa Alraddadi, N. Alotaibi","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_139_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_139_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and predictors of symptom persistence associated with severe and critical coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) after more than 120 days from the onset of the disease. Materials and Methods: This is a single-center, cross-sectional study of 125 adults who were admitted to King Khalid University Hospital (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) with severe and critical COVID-19 between March 4 and December 1, 2020. Telephone interviews were conducted between April 1 and May 31, 2021, to collect data on COVID-19 symptoms persisting after more than 120 days from the onset of the disease. All of the participants had been discharged from the hospital and had resumed their normal lives. Symptoms of COVID-19 that had not been present before the onset of the disease were considered to be persistent if participants confirmed their continued presence at the time of the interview. The impact of chronic disease on persistent symptoms was considered. Results: About 42.4% (53/125) of patients had at least one or more persistent symptoms; 27.2% (34/125) had breathlessness, 5.6% (7/125) cough, and 4.8% (6/125) chest pain. These three symptoms had been present from the first presentation. Hair loss was reported by 14.4% (18/125), forgetfulness by 8% (10/125), difficulty in concentrating by 6.4% (8/125), and lack of energy by 4% (5/125). Those had manifested after more than 120 days from the symptom's onset. The major factors in suffering from persistent symptoms were intensive care unit (ICU) admission or/and fever (temperature >38°), or/and diarrhea. There was no correlation between persistent symptoms and chronic diseases. Conclusions: After more than 120 days from the confirmation of severe and critical COVID-19, more than one-third of discharged adults were found to have one or more persistent symptoms. These were mainly associated with the need for ICU admission, fever (temperature >38°), and diarrhea. More care needs to be given to COVID-19 patients in the presence of these factors and prolonged medical care would appear to be essential.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"84 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48779477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_141_22
S. Alshammari
The Saudi Vision 2030 endorsed health-care models emphasizing promotion, prevention, and effective treatment. The 2008 World Health Organization report, “Primary Health Care: Now More Than Ever,” also encouraged reform. The objective of this study was to highlight the evidence and benefits of scaling up PHC capacity to implement “a family physician for every family” model. PubMed, Google Scholar, the Saudi digital library, theses, conference proceedings on family medicine, primary care, general practice, family physicians, government reports, policy documents, and press releases in Arabic and English were searched from September 2021 to September 2022. The search terms included: Saudi health care, health-care transformation, family medicine, primary care, general practice, family physician, family doctor, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Vision 2030, phone consultation, virtual clinic, electronic medical records, public–private partnerships, and privatization. Vision 2030 endorses the transformation of the public sector to implement international best practices. Saudi Arabia is ready to implement “a family physician for every family” model to reduce morbidity and mortality from noncommunicable diseases while improving quality and cost-effectiveness. The extensive network of health centers, growing number of family physicians, and advanced digitalization can accelerate this. In addition, mobilizing resources and incentives can optimize health promotion and disease prevention.
{"title":"Preparedness to implement “a family physician for every family,” which is the magic recipe for cost-effective health care for all: Viewpoint","authors":"S. Alshammari","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_141_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_141_22","url":null,"abstract":"The Saudi Vision 2030 endorsed health-care models emphasizing promotion, prevention, and effective treatment. The 2008 World Health Organization report, “Primary Health Care: Now More Than Ever,” also encouraged reform. The objective of this study was to highlight the evidence and benefits of scaling up PHC capacity to implement “a family physician for every family” model. PubMed, Google Scholar, the Saudi digital library, theses, conference proceedings on family medicine, primary care, general practice, family physicians, government reports, policy documents, and press releases in Arabic and English were searched from September 2021 to September 2022. The search terms included: Saudi health care, health-care transformation, family medicine, primary care, general practice, family physician, family doctor, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Vision 2030, phone consultation, virtual clinic, electronic medical records, public–private partnerships, and privatization. Vision 2030 endorses the transformation of the public sector to implement international best practices. Saudi Arabia is ready to implement “a family physician for every family” model to reduce morbidity and mortality from noncommunicable diseases while improving quality and cost-effectiveness. The extensive network of health centers, growing number of family physicians, and advanced digitalization can accelerate this. In addition, mobilizing resources and incentives can optimize health promotion and disease prevention.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"95 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46022764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Vatansever, M. Sayan, Melike Ozgul-Onal, S. Akhan, S. Ozel, T. Şanlıdağ
Objective: The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between the cytokine plasma levels and symptoms of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-positive patients, which is characterized by serious respiratory syndromes. Materials and Methods: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients were evaluated in four groups. Group 1 patients had no symptoms. Group 2 patients were mildly symptomatic. Group 3 patients had multiple symptoms. Group 4 patients had all symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Analysis of interleukin (IL)-17A, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and IL-6 concentrations in plasma samples taken from patients were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: IL-17A levels were increased in parallel with the clinical condition in all patients. TGF-β1 was only observed in patients in Groups 3 and 4, and IL-6 was only observed in Group 4 patients. Conclusion: It is known that many cytokines are involved in the development of different viral infections and viral invasion always triggers an inflammatory response. The profile of inflammatory markers may be used to classify COVID-19 patients. In conclusion of this study, it is suggested that the level of cytokines which is changed according to the patient's clinical status should be used to evaluate the response of SARS-CoV-2 treatment. IL-17A, TGF-β1, and IL-6 concentrations in plasma levels could be good prognostic indicators of COVID-19.
{"title":"The relationship between coronavirus disease-2019-positive patients and plasma interleukins and transforming growth factor-β levels","authors":"H. Vatansever, M. Sayan, Melike Ozgul-Onal, S. Akhan, S. Ozel, T. Şanlıdağ","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_37_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_37_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between the cytokine plasma levels and symptoms of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-positive patients, which is characterized by serious respiratory syndromes. Materials and Methods: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients were evaluated in four groups. Group 1 patients had no symptoms. Group 2 patients were mildly symptomatic. Group 3 patients had multiple symptoms. Group 4 patients had all symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Analysis of interleukin (IL)-17A, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and IL-6 concentrations in plasma samples taken from patients were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: IL-17A levels were increased in parallel with the clinical condition in all patients. TGF-β1 was only observed in patients in Groups 3 and 4, and IL-6 was only observed in Group 4 patients. Conclusion: It is known that many cytokines are involved in the development of different viral infections and viral invasion always triggers an inflammatory response. The profile of inflammatory markers may be used to classify COVID-19 patients. In conclusion of this study, it is suggested that the level of cytokines which is changed according to the patient's clinical status should be used to evaluate the response of SARS-CoV-2 treatment. IL-17A, TGF-β1, and IL-6 concentrations in plasma levels could be good prognostic indicators of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"32 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48041250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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