Bandar N. Aljafen, Ruwa A. Alneseyan, Mohamed H. Bahr, Fatimah Abusrair, Amal A. Almutawa, Zahrah M. Almadeh, Mona A. Almozher, Sibeela R. Ahmed, Taim A. Muayqil
This study aims to investigate predictors of insomnia and their prevalence among medical students from different levels, as well as the impact of insomnia on academic performance. This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students of different levels at 37 medical colleges in Saudi Arabia from March 2020 to June 2020. An online survey was used for data collection. The survey included questions on the demographics of students and two scales: the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Program was used to analyze the data, and demographics were represented using descriptive statistics. Associations were tested using either the Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, or Spearman’s correlation based on the types of variables. P <0.05 was considered significant. The study included 2413 medical students; the mean ± standard deviation of the ISI and PSQI was 11.6 ± 6.2 and 8.4 ± 3.7, respectively. The ISI results showed that only 27% had no clinical insomnia, while 39% had subthreshold insomnia. The ISI was negatively and significantly associated with exercise (r = −0.49, P = 0.016), meals (r = −0.088, P = 0.0001), and drinking water (r = −0.057, P = 0.005). The negative predictors of poor sleep quality included study year (B = −0.106, P < 0.05) and water intake (B = −0.568, P < 0.01). A few proportions of medical students complained of moderate insomnia, and a lower proportion suffered severe insomnia. Lower academic performance was associated with insomnia and poor sleep quality. Various predictors of insomnia were identified; however, these predictors can be modified.
{"title":"Predictors of Insomnia and Sleep Abnormalities in Medical Students and Its Impact on Academic Performance","authors":"Bandar N. Aljafen, Ruwa A. Alneseyan, Mohamed H. Bahr, Fatimah Abusrair, Amal A. Almutawa, Zahrah M. Almadeh, Mona A. Almozher, Sibeela R. Ahmed, Taim A. Muayqil","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_43_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_43_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aims to investigate predictors of insomnia and their prevalence among medical students from different levels, as well as the impact of insomnia on academic performance.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students of different levels at 37 medical colleges in Saudi Arabia from March 2020 to June 2020. An online survey was used for data collection. The survey included questions on the demographics of students and two scales: the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Program was used to analyze the data, and demographics were represented using descriptive statistics. Associations were tested using either the Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, or Spearman’s correlation based on the types of variables. P <0.05 was considered significant.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study included 2413 medical students; the mean ± standard deviation of the ISI and PSQI was 11.6 ± 6.2 and 8.4 ± 3.7, respectively. The ISI results showed that only 27% had no clinical insomnia, while 39% had subthreshold insomnia. The ISI was negatively and significantly associated with exercise (r = −0.49, P = 0.016), meals (r = −0.088, P = 0.0001), and drinking water (r = −0.057, P = 0.005). The negative predictors of poor sleep quality included study year (B = −0.106, P < 0.05) and water intake (B = −0.568, P < 0.01).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A few proportions of medical students complained of moderate insomnia, and a lower proportion suffered severe insomnia. Lower academic performance was associated with insomnia and poor sleep quality. Various predictors of insomnia were identified; however, these predictors can be modified.\u0000","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_169_22
Hessah Fahan Alshammari, Amal Humod Alrabiah, Sameerah Yaseen Shaheen, Sarah Ismail Mazi, Rakia AlJasser
Various side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine, such as fatigue, have been reported. However, there has been a recent increase in reports of menstrual cycle changes among women. This study assessed the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on the menstrual cycle of Saudi women. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected between November and December 2021 from 500 healthy Saudi females between 20 and 40 years. We included all women who reported having a normal menstrual cycle before being vaccinated against COVID-19. A total of 65.6% of participants reported having significant changes in their cycle in terms of period timing, blood flow, and pain following the first and 65.6.% following the second COVID-19 vaccination doses. Both the mRNA and adenovirus vectored COVID-19 vaccines affected the cycle similarly. The induced COVID-19 vaccine menstrual cycle abnormality is a short-term effect lasting <3 months after the first and second doses. There are reported side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine; however, changes in the menstrual cycle have not been reported. Our study assumes that the menstrual cycle changes observed in the study’s participants were unlikely to be caused by reasons other than the COVID-19 vaccines, since we excluded all participants with medical interventions, medical conditions, and the age range that might affect the menstrual cycle. Although this effect is a short-term effect, the exact mechanism behind this phenomenon must be investigated.
{"title":"Menstrual Cycle Changes after the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-sectional Study in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Hessah Fahan Alshammari, Amal Humod Alrabiah, Sameerah Yaseen Shaheen, Sarah Ismail Mazi, Rakia AlJasser","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_169_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_169_22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Various side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine, such as fatigue, have been reported. However, there has been a recent increase in reports of menstrual cycle changes among women. This study assessed the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on the menstrual cycle of Saudi women.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this cross-sectional study, data were collected between November and December 2021 from 500 healthy Saudi females between 20 and 40 years. We included all women who reported having a normal menstrual cycle before being vaccinated against COVID-19.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 65.6% of participants reported having significant changes in their cycle in terms of period timing, blood flow, and pain following the first and 65.6.% following the second COVID-19 vaccination doses. Both the mRNA and adenovirus vectored COVID-19 vaccines affected the cycle similarly. The induced COVID-19 vaccine menstrual cycle abnormality is a short-term effect lasting <3 months after the first and second doses.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There are reported side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine; however, changes in the menstrual cycle have not been reported. Our study assumes that the menstrual cycle changes observed in the study’s participants were unlikely to be caused by reasons other than the COVID-19 vaccines, since we excluded all participants with medical interventions, medical conditions, and the age range that might affect the menstrual cycle. Although this effect is a short-term effect, the exact mechanism behind this phenomenon must be investigated.\u0000","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"64 S10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a fast change to new teaching approaches based on online education. Problem-based learning (PBL) was one of the modified teaching strategies. The current study sought to examine faculty perceptions of virtual versus traditional PBL during the COVID-19 pandemic at a Saudi medical college. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at King Saud University’s College of Medicine. We compared the perceptions of faculty members who facilitated traditional face-to-face PBL in 2019–2020 and virtual PBL in 2020–2021. An online survey with demographic and practice data was distributed. The faculty’s perception of PBL facilitation, student learning, and overall satisfaction was investigated using a 5-degree Likert scale: 15 items grouped into three main areas. All of the questions were written in a way that compares traditional and virtual PBL. Mean scores were determined for all parts, and the findings were reported as mean standard deviation, with scores of 3 and above considered positive, and scores of <3 considered negative. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 25.0. In the study period, 57 faculty members facilitating PBL replied to the survey (response rate 67.85%). There were no gender variations in the representation of participants (male 56.1%, female 43.9%), and they come from a variety of basic and clinical departments. The majority of participants (91.3%) have more than 2 years of PBL facilitation experience, and 64.2% have received training in both virtual and traditional PBL facilitation. The faculty assessment of facilitating virtual PBL was favorable as overall satisfaction, with the mean of the components in the satisfaction section being 3.67. In terms of facilitation preferences, we discovered that despite the amount of effort involved in facilitating traditional PBL sessions (mean = 3.47), their motivation to facilitate traditional PBL was higher than that of virtual PBL (mean = 3.33). Faculty perceptions of students’ learning in PBL were more traditional, with the mean of the items in this section (such as students’ motivation, participation, and group dynamics) being higher (3.616). The faculty’s satisfaction with their abilities to properly facilitate virtual PBL sessions did not detract from their motivation to be in direct personal interaction with students during PBL sessions. To ensure faculty care about students’ learning in virtual PBL, their perception had to be correlated to their learning outcomes.
{"title":"Faculty Experiences: Virtual versus Traditional Problem-based Learning during COVID-19 in a Saudi Medical College","authors":"Mohammed Almansour, Nouf Alrumaihi, Omar Alanazi, Jude Feda, Majda Saeed, Mona Soliman","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_203_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_203_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a fast change to new teaching approaches based on online education. Problem-based learning (PBL) was one of the modified teaching strategies. The current study sought to examine faculty perceptions of virtual versus traditional PBL during the COVID-19 pandemic at a Saudi medical college.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at King Saud University’s College of Medicine. We compared the perceptions of faculty members who facilitated traditional face-to-face PBL in 2019–2020 and virtual PBL in 2020–2021. An online survey with demographic and practice data was distributed. The faculty’s perception of PBL facilitation, student learning, and overall satisfaction was investigated using a 5-degree Likert scale: 15 items grouped into three main areas. All of the questions were written in a way that compares traditional and virtual PBL. Mean scores were determined for all parts, and the findings were reported as mean standard deviation, with scores of 3 and above considered positive, and scores of <3 considered negative. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 25.0.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the study period, 57 faculty members facilitating PBL replied to the survey (response rate 67.85%). There were no gender variations in the representation of participants (male 56.1%, female 43.9%), and they come from a variety of basic and clinical departments. The majority of participants (91.3%) have more than 2 years of PBL facilitation experience, and 64.2% have received training in both virtual and traditional PBL facilitation. The faculty assessment of facilitating virtual PBL was favorable as overall satisfaction, with the mean of the components in the satisfaction section being 3.67. In terms of facilitation preferences, we discovered that despite the amount of effort involved in facilitating traditional PBL sessions (mean = 3.47), their motivation to facilitate traditional PBL was higher than that of virtual PBL (mean = 3.33). Faculty perceptions of students’ learning in PBL were more traditional, with the mean of the items in this section (such as students’ motivation, participation, and group dynamics) being higher (3.616).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The faculty’s satisfaction with their abilities to properly facilitate virtual PBL sessions did not detract from their motivation to be in direct personal interaction with students during PBL sessions. To ensure faculty care about students’ learning in virtual PBL, their perception had to be correlated to their learning outcomes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"26 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_141_23
P. Rustamadji, Elvan Wiyarta, Meike Pramono, S. C. Maulanisa
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is an integral component of modern treatment for invasive breast cancer with no special type (IBC-NST). The interaction between the immune system and cancer, particularly through immune-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), continues to be studied to understand how treatments like NAC influence the disease progression and response to various therapies. This study was designed to investigate changes in the pattern of CD4+ TIL infiltration before and after NAC. This retrospective cohort study involved 32 participants. NAC was administered for 3 months, comprising six cycles of chemotherapy. Variables such as age, tumor size, grade, lymphovascular invasion, and regional lymph node metastasis (RLNM) were evaluated. Furthermore, the expression of receptors, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), and Ki-67 was evaluated. Infiltration of the tumor by CD4+ TILs was assessed using immunohistochemistry, whereas other data were retrieved from the medical records of the participants. Data were analyzed using R software. There was a significant increase in CD4+ TIL infiltration after NAC administration. Before NAC treatment, there were significant associations between stromal CD4+ TIL with tumor size after NAC (P = 0.047), intratumoral CD4+ TIL with age (P = 0.031), and intratumoral CD4+ TIL with HER-2 status (P = 0.037). After NAC treatment, intratumoral CD4+ TIL was associated with tumor size before NAC (P = 0.009) and RLNM (P = 0.026). NAC is associated with a significant increase in CD4+ TIL infiltration in patients with IBC-NST.
{"title":"CD4+ Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy-treated Invasive Breast Cancer of No Special Type","authors":"P. Rustamadji, Elvan Wiyarta, Meike Pramono, S. C. Maulanisa","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_141_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_141_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is an integral component of modern treatment for invasive breast cancer with no special type (IBC-NST). The interaction between the immune system and cancer, particularly through immune-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), continues to be studied to understand how treatments like NAC influence the disease progression and response to various therapies. This study was designed to investigate changes in the pattern of CD4+ TIL infiltration before and after NAC.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This retrospective cohort study involved 32 participants. NAC was administered for 3 months, comprising six cycles of chemotherapy. Variables such as age, tumor size, grade, lymphovascular invasion, and regional lymph node metastasis (RLNM) were evaluated. Furthermore, the expression of receptors, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), and Ki-67 was evaluated. Infiltration of the tumor by CD4+ TILs was assessed using immunohistochemistry, whereas other data were retrieved from the medical records of the participants. Data were analyzed using R software.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There was a significant increase in CD4+ TIL infiltration after NAC administration. Before NAC treatment, there were significant associations between stromal CD4+ TIL with tumor size after NAC (P = 0.047), intratumoral CD4+ TIL with age (P = 0.031), and intratumoral CD4+ TIL with HER-2 status (P = 0.037). After NAC treatment, intratumoral CD4+ TIL was associated with tumor size before NAC (P = 0.009) and RLNM (P = 0.026).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 NAC is associated with a significant increase in CD4+ TIL infiltration in patients with IBC-NST.\u0000","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"3 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_187_23
I. Altamimi, Baraah Alqarni, Heba Assiri, Elshazaly Saeed, Abdulmajeed AlSubaihin, Khalid A. Alhasan, M. Temsah
Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is vital in assessing medical trainees’ clinical competence. Unlike the traditional resource-intensive OSCE, video-based OSCE has advantages like asynchronous assessment and more immediate feedback. However, their applicability and effectiveness in pediatric residency training are less explored. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of using unmanned video OSCE stations in pediatric residency training. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 79 pediatric residents participating in OSCE mock stations. Video clips showing real-life clinical scenarios were played. Residents then responded electronically to scenario-related multiple-choice questions. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze residents’ responses to multiple-choice questions. In a study of 79 physicians, the majority were female (63.3%) and under 34 years old (62%), with most receiving their training outside Riyadh (79.7%). Their clinical understanding, assessed through a nonmanned OSCE video, varied: 16.5% accurately diagnosed spinal muscular atrophy in infants, while 48.1% correctly identified laryngomalacia in 2-month-olds. The average knowledge score was 2.89 out of 7, with a standard deviation of 1.19. Notably, 43% answered three scenarios correctly. Analysis showed no significant correlation between the physicians’ gender, age, or training location and their knowledge scores, indicating diverse expertise levels irrespective of these demographic factors. Unmanned video OSCE stations show promise in enhancing pediatric residency training assessments by providing instant feedback and streamlining the evaluation process. However, challenges and the need for targeted interventions should be considered. Future research should focus on refining technology integration and assessing long-term impacts on residents’ clinical skills and patient care outcomes. Ensuring the privacy and security of video recordings is essential in this technologically evolving landscape.
{"title":"Evaluating the Novel Use of Unmanned Video Objective Structured Clinical Examination Stations in Pediatric Resident Training: Results and Insights","authors":"I. Altamimi, Baraah Alqarni, Heba Assiri, Elshazaly Saeed, Abdulmajeed AlSubaihin, Khalid A. Alhasan, M. Temsah","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_187_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_187_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is vital in assessing medical trainees’ clinical competence. Unlike the traditional resource-intensive OSCE, video-based OSCE has advantages like asynchronous assessment and more immediate feedback. However, their applicability and effectiveness in pediatric residency training are less explored. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of using unmanned video OSCE stations in pediatric residency training.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional study was conducted with 79 pediatric residents participating in OSCE mock stations. Video clips showing real-life clinical scenarios were played. Residents then responded electronically to scenario-related multiple-choice questions. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze residents’ responses to multiple-choice questions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In a study of 79 physicians, the majority were female (63.3%) and under 34 years old (62%), with most receiving their training outside Riyadh (79.7%). Their clinical understanding, assessed through a nonmanned OSCE video, varied: 16.5% accurately diagnosed spinal muscular atrophy in infants, while 48.1% correctly identified laryngomalacia in 2-month-olds. The average knowledge score was 2.89 out of 7, with a standard deviation of 1.19. Notably, 43% answered three scenarios correctly. Analysis showed no significant correlation between the physicians’ gender, age, or training location and their knowledge scores, indicating diverse expertise levels irrespective of these demographic factors.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Unmanned video OSCE stations show promise in enhancing pediatric residency training assessments by providing instant feedback and streamlining the evaluation process. However, challenges and the need for targeted interventions should be considered. Future research should focus on refining technology integration and assessing long-term impacts on residents’ clinical skills and patient care outcomes. Ensuring the privacy and security of video recordings is essential in this technologically evolving landscape.\u0000","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_157_23
N. Radi, Seham Hallool, Hanaa Mohamed Abd Elsamia
The use of Caspase-3 to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of quercetin on experimentally induced squamous cell carcinoma was applied in the current study. Five groups of Syrian male hamsters were employed in the study. Group I (negative control): 5 animals do not receive any treatment. Group II: 5 animals receiving (quercetin only at a concentration of 150 mg/kg). Group III (dimethylbenz(a)anthracene [DMBA]-treated group for 14 weeks): 10 animals were coated with 0.5% DMBA. Group IV (DMBA + quercetin 150 mg/kg): 15 animals receiving quercetin of a concentration (150 mg/kg) every day through a gavage tube along with painting the hamster buccal pouch with DMBA (0.5%) three times per week for 14 weeks. Group V (DMBA + quercetin 50 mg/kg): 15 animals receiving quercetin of concentration (50 mg/kg) every day through a gavage tube along with painting the hamster buccal pouch with DMBA (0.5%) for 14 weeks at three times each week. Group III showed the lowest mean area percent (10.23), whereas Group V revealed the highest mean area percent value (23.64). All groups showed a statistically significant difference among them. Quercetin showed apoptotic potential validated by Caspase-3, so it may be a valuable chemopreventive agent antagonizing DMBA-induced carcinogenesis in animal models.
{"title":"Efficacy of Different Doses of Quercetin against Chemically Induced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Hamsters","authors":"N. Radi, Seham Hallool, Hanaa Mohamed Abd Elsamia","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_157_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_157_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The use of Caspase-3 to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of quercetin on experimentally induced squamous cell carcinoma was applied in the current study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Five groups of Syrian male hamsters were employed in the study. Group I (negative control): 5 animals do not receive any treatment. Group II: 5 animals receiving (quercetin only at a concentration of 150 mg/kg). Group III (dimethylbenz(a)anthracene [DMBA]-treated group for 14 weeks): 10 animals were coated with 0.5% DMBA. Group IV (DMBA + quercetin 150 mg/kg): 15 animals receiving quercetin of a concentration (150 mg/kg) every day through a gavage tube along with painting the hamster buccal pouch with DMBA (0.5%) three times per week for 14 weeks. Group V (DMBA + quercetin 50 mg/kg): 15 animals receiving quercetin of concentration (50 mg/kg) every day through a gavage tube along with painting the hamster buccal pouch with DMBA (0.5%) for 14 weeks at three times each week.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Group III showed the lowest mean area percent (10.23), whereas Group V revealed the highest mean area percent value (23.64). All groups showed a statistically significant difference among them.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Quercetin showed apoptotic potential validated by Caspase-3, so it may be a valuable chemopreventive agent antagonizing DMBA-induced carcinogenesis in animal models.\u0000","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor. Evaluation of sarcoma patients primarily or after recurrence must be done in an experienced center. En bloc surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for all sarcoma subtypes. The primary surgery or re-resection after recurrence must be done by an experienced, well-trained surgeon. Correlation between the imaging findings, the operative, and the histopathological findings is a must. We report a patient who was diagnosed with retroperitoneal sarcoma and had three surgical resections with incomplete removal. The last resection was complicated by a urinary leak. The tumor was resected piecemeal with the use of gemcitabine and docetaxel as a novel combination for hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in recurrent complicated abdominal sarcomas.
{"title":"The Use of Gemcitabine and Docetaxel as a Novel Combination for Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in the Management of Recurrent Complicated Abdominal Sarcoma: Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"Ayman Z Azzam, Burhan Ammar Aldawalibi, T. Amin","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_68_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_68_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor. Evaluation of sarcoma patients primarily or after recurrence must be done in an experienced center. En bloc surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for all sarcoma subtypes. The primary surgery or re-resection after recurrence must be done by an experienced, well-trained surgeon. Correlation between the imaging findings, the operative, and the histopathological findings is a must. We report a patient who was diagnosed with retroperitoneal sarcoma and had three surgical resections with incomplete removal. The last resection was complicated by a urinary leak. The tumor was resected piecemeal with the use of gemcitabine and docetaxel as a novel combination for hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in recurrent complicated abdominal sarcomas.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"9 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khaldoon Aljerian, Waleed AlRajban, Tariq Aljohani, Ali Alshehri, Omar Alsherif, Musa Alharbi, I. Abosoudah, W. Jastaniah, S. Daama, Abdulrahman AlSultan, Nahaa E. Alsubaie
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is the biological pathway that plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability during DNA replication and recombination. The value of MMR pathway is under investigation in pediatrics’ solid tumors. In this research work, we investigated the proteins involved in the oncogenesis of pediatric solid neoplasms and detect these proteins in a representative cohort sample of Saudi pediatric cases under the bioinformatic networking technique. We also described the MLH1, BRAF, p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and PMS2 along with MSH2-MSH6 antibodies to be a diagnostic immunohistochemistry (IHC) panel for identifying MMR mutations. This research will open the new doors for advanced research on proteins involved in the oncogenesis of pediatric solid neoplasms. The hypotheses were tested on a sample of solid malignancies and IHC results were reported. The study was conducted in different institutions in Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria required enrolling biopsies of solid neoplasms or resected solid malignant neoplasms presented to the laboratories in the participating institutions of all pediatric patients (aging from 0 to 14 years). The specimens were examined microscopically utilizing Hematoxylin and Eosin stain as well as the utilization of MMR proteins immunohistochemistry (IHC), and PNCA. The qualitative assessment showed that IHC diagnosis yielded positive results with ≥80% of positive cells (intact) for MMR proteins (MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and MLH1). The PCNA protein was absent only in vaginal germ cell tumor and metastatic medulloblastoma. In our sample, we have found that there is an intact MMR proteins expression. Also, the IHC technique presents accuracy and ability as a diagnostic technique for identifying the different types of pediatric cancers. The MMR protein panel accompanied with PCNA panels holds additional value, as it helps reduce dependency solely on MMR protein expressions.
{"title":"The Validity of Immunohistochemistry in Detecting Microsatellite Instability in Pediatric Solid Neoplasms","authors":"Khaldoon Aljerian, Waleed AlRajban, Tariq Aljohani, Ali Alshehri, Omar Alsherif, Musa Alharbi, I. Abosoudah, W. Jastaniah, S. Daama, Abdulrahman AlSultan, Nahaa E. Alsubaie","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_61_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_61_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is the biological pathway that plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability during DNA replication and recombination. The value of MMR pathway is under investigation in pediatrics’ solid tumors.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this research work, we investigated the proteins involved in the oncogenesis of pediatric solid neoplasms and detect these proteins in a representative cohort sample of Saudi pediatric cases under the bioinformatic networking technique. We also described the MLH1, BRAF, p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and PMS2 along with MSH2-MSH6 antibodies to be a diagnostic immunohistochemistry (IHC) panel for identifying MMR mutations. This research will open the new doors for advanced research on proteins involved in the oncogenesis of pediatric solid neoplasms. The hypotheses were tested on a sample of solid malignancies and IHC results were reported.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study was conducted in different institutions in Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria required enrolling biopsies of solid neoplasms or resected solid malignant neoplasms presented to the laboratories in the participating institutions of all pediatric patients (aging from 0 to 14 years). The specimens were examined microscopically utilizing Hematoxylin and Eosin stain as well as the utilization of MMR proteins immunohistochemistry (IHC), and PNCA.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The qualitative assessment showed that IHC diagnosis yielded positive results with ≥80% of positive cells (intact) for MMR proteins (MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and MLH1). The PCNA protein was absent only in vaginal germ cell tumor and metastatic medulloblastoma.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In our sample, we have found that there is an intact MMR proteins expression. Also, the IHC technique presents accuracy and ability as a diagnostic technique for identifying the different types of pediatric cancers. The MMR protein panel accompanied with PCNA panels holds additional value, as it helps reduce dependency solely on MMR protein expressions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"505 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140786044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Puneet Malhan, Seema Gupta, Kamini Gupta, R. Galhotra, C. Kakkar
The purpose of antenatal ultrasonography (USG) is to identify women at risk of complications due to various medical conditions such as pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia. Our aim was to describe the practical application of Doppler indices of the uterine, umbilical, and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) in patients with PIH by comparing them with perinatal outcome. A prospective longitudinal study of 50 pregnant women with a clinical diagnosis of PIH referred for USG and color Doppler and followed for any adverse perinatal outcome till 7 days after delivery was done. Patients were examined using the convex probe of 1–5 MHz frequency on the IU22 (Philips) machine. In this study, 46% of patients were in the age group of 26–30 years and 64% were multiparous. Out of 50 patients, 43 were live births and 7 stillbirths. Out of live births, 35 required neonatal intensive care unit admission and five had neonatal mortality. Umbilical artery Doppler indices were altered in 42, uterine artery in 26, and fetal MCA in nine patients. Absent and reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery, the persistence of diastolic notch in the uterine artery, and the brain-sparing effect in fetal MCA represented the most ominous signs. Doppler indices were abnormal in more than one artery in stillbirths and neonatal deaths. The knowledge of the uterine, umbilical, and fetal cerebral artery waveforms helps to assess compromised uteroplacental and fetoplacental circulation in patients with PIH at the earliest. Hence, the detection of altered indices should be an alerting signal for intensive fetal monitoring and prompt intervention.
{"title":"Color Doppler Evaluation of Fetomaternal Circulation in Patients with Pregnancy-induced Hypertension and its Value in Predicting Perinatal Outcome","authors":"Puneet Malhan, Seema Gupta, Kamini Gupta, R. Galhotra, C. Kakkar","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_84_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_84_21","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The purpose of antenatal ultrasonography (USG) is to identify women at risk of complications due to various medical conditions such as pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia. Our aim was to describe the practical application of Doppler indices of the uterine, umbilical, and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) in patients with PIH by comparing them with perinatal outcome.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A prospective longitudinal study of 50 pregnant women with a clinical diagnosis of PIH referred for USG and color Doppler and followed for any adverse perinatal outcome till 7 days after delivery was done. Patients were examined using the convex probe of 1–5 MHz frequency on the IU22 (Philips) machine.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, 46% of patients were in the age group of 26–30 years and 64% were multiparous. Out of 50 patients, 43 were live births and 7 stillbirths. Out of live births, 35 required neonatal intensive care unit admission and five had neonatal mortality. Umbilical artery Doppler indices were altered in 42, uterine artery in 26, and fetal MCA in nine patients. Absent and reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery, the persistence of diastolic notch in the uterine artery, and the brain-sparing effect in fetal MCA represented the most ominous signs. Doppler indices were abnormal in more than one artery in stillbirths and neonatal deaths.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The knowledge of the uterine, umbilical, and fetal cerebral artery waveforms helps to assess compromised uteroplacental and fetoplacental circulation in patients with PIH at the earliest. Hence, the detection of altered indices should be an alerting signal for intensive fetal monitoring and prompt intervention.\u0000","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_178_23
Himel Mondal, Shaikat Mondal, S. Swain
PowerPoint slides are commonly used to project class materials such as text and images, offering enhanced visual aids. However, preference among medical students has not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the preference in PowerPoint slides and its delivery method among medical students. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study involving undergraduate medical students studying in any Indian medical college. An online survey was administered using a pre-tested questionnaire distributed through the Google Forms platform. The survey items encompassed overall preference, content and arrangement preference, diagram preference, text preference, access preference, and ambiance preference. The study included 728 students, with a gender distribution of 66.35% boys and 33.65% girls. PowerPoint presentations were found helpful by 68.27% of students, while 53.85% found the class enjoyable. Preferences included major points in slides (81.73%), large text size (86.54%), and different colored headings (87.5%). Images aided understanding (85.58%), animations made the class interesting (92.31%), and access to slides before and after class was preferred. Students liked a dimly lit hall, teacher facing them, and the use of a laser pointer or stick. Font preferences were blue (45%) and black for body text (57%), with Verdana as the preferred font (89%). A white background was favored by 86% of students, with 67% preferring a clear background and 33% a designed or textured background. Medical students prefer PowerPoint slides with clear organization, large text, and visual aids such as images and animations. Accessibility to slides before and after classes is valued, and a conducive learning environment includes proper lighting, teacher–student interaction, and effective presentation tools. These insights can guide educators in creating more engaging and effective presentations for medical students.
{"title":"Preference in PowerPoint Presentation among First-year Medical Students: A Nationwide Online Cross-sectional Survey","authors":"Himel Mondal, Shaikat Mondal, S. Swain","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_178_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_178_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 PowerPoint slides are commonly used to project class materials such as text and images, offering enhanced visual aids. However, preference among medical students has not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the preference in PowerPoint slides and its delivery method among medical students.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted a cross-sectional observational study involving undergraduate medical students studying in any Indian medical college. An online survey was administered using a pre-tested questionnaire distributed through the Google Forms platform. The survey items encompassed overall preference, content and arrangement preference, diagram preference, text preference, access preference, and ambiance preference.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study included 728 students, with a gender distribution of 66.35% boys and 33.65% girls. PowerPoint presentations were found helpful by 68.27% of students, while 53.85% found the class enjoyable. Preferences included major points in slides (81.73%), large text size (86.54%), and different colored headings (87.5%). Images aided understanding (85.58%), animations made the class interesting (92.31%), and access to slides before and after class was preferred. Students liked a dimly lit hall, teacher facing them, and the use of a laser pointer or stick. Font preferences were blue (45%) and black for body text (57%), with Verdana as the preferred font (89%). A white background was favored by 86% of students, with 67% preferring a clear background and 33% a designed or textured background.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Medical students prefer PowerPoint slides with clear organization, large text, and visual aids such as images and animations. Accessibility to slides before and after classes is valued, and a conducive learning environment includes proper lighting, teacher–student interaction, and effective presentation tools. These insights can guide educators in creating more engaging and effective presentations for medical students.\u0000","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"65 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140795699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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