Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_109_22
Ahmed S. Bahammam
Islam's teachings emphasize maintaining personal hygiene and isolating sick people, both of which are crucial in the present COVID-19 pandemic. Between the 7th and 15th centuries, Islamic and Arab civilizations produced significant advancements in science and medicine. These discoveries laid the groundwork for the development of the European Renaissance. In Islam, maintaining one's personal cleanliness and hygiene is a duty that Muslims have to do to worship Allah (God). In universal outbreaks such as plague pandemics, Islam recognized the risks and mandated precautions, prevention, and hygienic isolation. Islam took the lead in pioneering several health protection practices, such as the quarantine rule. If a contagious sickness manifests in a certain area or town, Prophet Muhammad instructed to forbid entry or exit to the affected town, now known as quarantine. The first documented application of quarantine, as we currently know, it was implemented by the Muslim scholar Avicenna (ibn Sina). According to Islam, protecting living creatures' lives equals protecting the faith. Therefore, all needed measures to reduce the risk of infection, including vaccines, should be rigorously applied in Islam. In this viewpoint, we discuss Islamic beliefs, the Prophet's practices and teachings, and Muslim scholars' contributions to lowering infections and putting specific regulations in place during pandemics that supplemented the development of infection control rules as we know them in modern medical practices through using the best available evidence.
{"title":"The contributions of islam and muslim scholars to infection control: Dealing with contagious diseases and pandemics","authors":"Ahmed S. Bahammam","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_109_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_109_22","url":null,"abstract":"Islam's teachings emphasize maintaining personal hygiene and isolating sick people, both of which are crucial in the present COVID-19 pandemic. Between the 7th and 15th centuries, Islamic and Arab civilizations produced significant advancements in science and medicine. These discoveries laid the groundwork for the development of the European Renaissance. In Islam, maintaining one's personal cleanliness and hygiene is a duty that Muslims have to do to worship Allah (God). In universal outbreaks such as plague pandemics, Islam recognized the risks and mandated precautions, prevention, and hygienic isolation. Islam took the lead in pioneering several health protection practices, such as the quarantine rule. If a contagious sickness manifests in a certain area or town, Prophet Muhammad instructed to forbid entry or exit to the affected town, now known as quarantine. The first documented application of quarantine, as we currently know, it was implemented by the Muslim scholar Avicenna (ibn Sina). According to Islam, protecting living creatures' lives equals protecting the faith. Therefore, all needed measures to reduce the risk of infection, including vaccines, should be rigorously applied in Islam. In this viewpoint, we discuss Islamic beliefs, the Prophet's practices and teachings, and Muslim scholars' contributions to lowering infections and putting specific regulations in place during pandemics that supplemented the development of infection control rules as we know them in modern medical practices through using the best available evidence.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"372 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42369254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_156_21
Anitha Oommen, W. AlZahrani
Vitamin D deficiency is common in many Western countries and also in Saudi Arabia. The cognitive effect of Vitamin D has been a subject of debate over the years. Studies in elderly people who had low levels of Vitamin D showed a cognitive decline over 6 years. Even though there is awareness about Vitamin D deficiency among medical students, only few of them are serious about taking care of it. Medical students are known to have excessive stress, which can affect their cognitive function. Researchers have reported that Vitamin D administration has improved cognitive function in the elderly. Sixty articles were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access, and Research Gate relating to Vitamin D, of which 30 relevant articles were chosen to study the possible role of Vitamin D in neuroprotection and cognitive function.
{"title":"Can vitamin D level influence the academic performance of medical students?","authors":"Anitha Oommen, W. AlZahrani","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_156_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_156_21","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D deficiency is common in many Western countries and also in Saudi Arabia. The cognitive effect of Vitamin D has been a subject of debate over the years. Studies in elderly people who had low levels of Vitamin D showed a cognitive decline over 6 years. Even though there is awareness about Vitamin D deficiency among medical students, only few of them are serious about taking care of it. Medical students are known to have excessive stress, which can affect their cognitive function. Researchers have reported that Vitamin D administration has improved cognitive function in the elderly. Sixty articles were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access, and Research Gate relating to Vitamin D, of which 30 relevant articles were chosen to study the possible role of Vitamin D in neuroprotection and cognitive function.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"319 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49291699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objectives: Malaria is one of the serious infections worldwide and is a global major health concern. The preset study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria in Kot Kashmir (during 2017–2018) and Serai Gambila (in 2015) in the District Lakki Marwat. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted by collecting the data recorded in the official registers and data were consolidated into different age groups and months. Results: Overall Plasmodium vivax accounted for >98% and Plasmodium falciparum <2% of malaria and males showed 56.5% of malaria. August showed the highest prevalence of 20% cases, while February revealed the lowest prevalence of 2.1% cases. Overall males showed higher rates of malaria than females in all the months and all the age groups except equal rates for the month of February in the age group <5 years and May in the age group of 31–45 years, while the age group of 5–14 years showed the highest prevalence of 242 (41.4%) cases, and the age group of 46–60 years demonstrated the lowest prevalence of 24 (4.1%) cases, and patients of ≤30 years contributed to 85.5% of malaria. Age groups of ≤14 years contributed to 78.2% of malaria in Kot Kashmir, while, age groups of 5–30 years demonstrated 75.7% of malaria in Serai Gambila. Conclusions: Overall malaria, as well as vivax malaria in males, steadily increased from April to August followed gradually decreased from the age group of 15–30 years to age group >60 years.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Malaria in Kot Kashmir and Serai Gambila (District Lakki Marwat), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"M. Khan","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_17_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_17_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Malaria is one of the serious infections worldwide and is a global major health concern. The preset study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria in Kot Kashmir (during 2017–2018) and Serai Gambila (in 2015) in the District Lakki Marwat. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted by collecting the data recorded in the official registers and data were consolidated into different age groups and months. Results: Overall Plasmodium vivax accounted for >98% and Plasmodium falciparum <2% of malaria and males showed 56.5% of malaria. August showed the highest prevalence of 20% cases, while February revealed the lowest prevalence of 2.1% cases. Overall males showed higher rates of malaria than females in all the months and all the age groups except equal rates for the month of February in the age group <5 years and May in the age group of 31–45 years, while the age group of 5–14 years showed the highest prevalence of 242 (41.4%) cases, and the age group of 46–60 years demonstrated the lowest prevalence of 24 (4.1%) cases, and patients of ≤30 years contributed to 85.5% of malaria. Age groups of ≤14 years contributed to 78.2% of malaria in Kot Kashmir, while, age groups of 5–30 years demonstrated 75.7% of malaria in Serai Gambila. Conclusions: Overall malaria, as well as vivax malaria in males, steadily increased from April to August followed gradually decreased from the age group of 15–30 years to age group >60 years.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"341 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47927376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_112_21
Yasmin Ras, M. Alnafisah, Mohammed Farfouti, R. Alsukhni, M. Alanazy, Taim A. Muayqil
Background: The prevalence of migraine and psychiatric comorbidities has been found to differ on a global scale according to country development. We aimed to determine this prevalence in three samples of Arabs living in different countries at different levels of development and political stability. Methods: The study included Saudi and Syrian participants ≥16 years of age. The cohort was subdivided into three groups: Saudi Arabian residents (SARs), Syrian residents (SRs), and Syrian expatriates (SEs). Information regarding age, sex, education, and marital status was also collected. Migraine was determined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 criteria; depression and bipolar disorder were determined by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, respectively. Odds ratios were estimated for associations. Results: Of 620 participants, 102 (16.5%) met migraine criteria, and 81 (79.4%) were female. Migraine was found in 66 (20.6%) SARs, 25 (19%) SEs, and 11 (6.5%) SRs. Being married was significantly associated with migraine (P = 0.01). Depression had a significant association with migraine within the entire cohort (odds ratio [OR] =2, confidence interval [CI] =1.2–3.1, P = 0.004) and the subgroups of SEs (OR =3, CI =1.14–7.8, P = 0.02) and SARs (OR =2.1, CI =1.14–7.8, P = 0.02); depression was significantly associated in the SE and SAR migraine groups (both P = 0.02). Conclusion: Migraine and comorbid depression occur at a rate similar to international reports in Middle Eastern Arabs and more prominently in SEs and SARs. The migraine frequency was lower in SRs in comparison to SEs and SARs residing in more developed countries. Future research that explores these conditions under different environmental and sociopolitical circumstances will improve the understanding of causal relationships.
{"title":"Migraine and Psychiatric Comorbidity among Arabs Living in Different Societal Environments: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Yasmin Ras, M. Alnafisah, Mohammed Farfouti, R. Alsukhni, M. Alanazy, Taim A. Muayqil","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_112_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_112_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of migraine and psychiatric comorbidities has been found to differ on a global scale according to country development. We aimed to determine this prevalence in three samples of Arabs living in different countries at different levels of development and political stability. Methods: The study included Saudi and Syrian participants ≥16 years of age. The cohort was subdivided into three groups: Saudi Arabian residents (SARs), Syrian residents (SRs), and Syrian expatriates (SEs). Information regarding age, sex, education, and marital status was also collected. Migraine was determined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 criteria; depression and bipolar disorder were determined by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, respectively. Odds ratios were estimated for associations. Results: Of 620 participants, 102 (16.5%) met migraine criteria, and 81 (79.4%) were female. Migraine was found in 66 (20.6%) SARs, 25 (19%) SEs, and 11 (6.5%) SRs. Being married was significantly associated with migraine (P = 0.01). Depression had a significant association with migraine within the entire cohort (odds ratio [OR] =2, confidence interval [CI] =1.2–3.1, P = 0.004) and the subgroups of SEs (OR =3, CI =1.14–7.8, P = 0.02) and SARs (OR =2.1, CI =1.14–7.8, P = 0.02); depression was significantly associated in the SE and SAR migraine groups (both P = 0.02). Conclusion: Migraine and comorbid depression occur at a rate similar to international reports in Middle Eastern Arabs and more prominently in SEs and SARs. The migraine frequency was lower in SRs in comparison to SEs and SARs residing in more developed countries. Future research that explores these conditions under different environmental and sociopolitical circumstances will improve the understanding of causal relationships.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"328 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43424624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Alaujan, H. Almalag, S. Alshehri, Jumanah Alkendi, Mohamad Almansour, Layla Alanizy, M. Omair
Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a threat to global health, including mental health. This study aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic on psychological health and to identify the factors associated with anxiety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between September and November 2020, at the rheumatology clinics of two tertiary care hospitals. Eligible participants were adults with a confirmed diagnosis of RA. Data collected included socio-demographics, contact history, commitment to COVID-19 precautionary measures, medication-taking behavior, the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), the European Quality of Life (QoL) measure (EQ-5D-3L), and the health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI). Results: Of the 252 invited eligible patients, 204 agreed to participate. The majority were aged 41–50 years (28.2%), female (86.5%), and nonsmokers (96%), had at least one comorbidity (38.8%), had missed medications (8.8%), and had psychiatric illnesses or were on psychiatric medication for the past 3 months (15.4%). Borderline-abnormal anxiety levels were reported in 32.8% of patients. The mean standard deviation score for HADS depression was 3 (3), that for the EQ-5D-3L index was 0.587 (0.378), and that for the HAQ-DI was 0.947 (0.887). After adjusting for age, sex, presence of psychiatric illnesses or psychiatric medication use and noncompliance with medication, higher levels of anxiety were significantly associated with a higher level of depression, RA disability index, and pain intensity (p-value< 0.05). In contrast, higher health-related QoL was significantly associated with lower levels of anxiety (p-value< 0.001). Conclusion: During the mid-phase of the pandemic in Saudi Arabia, almost one-third of RA patients reported the presence of anxiety symptoms. Higher anxiety levels were found to be associated with depression, health-related QoL, and disease disability in RA patients.
{"title":"Anxiety, Depression, Disease Disability, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"S. Alaujan, H. Almalag, S. Alshehri, Jumanah Alkendi, Mohamad Almansour, Layla Alanizy, M. Omair","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_24_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_24_22","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a threat to global health, including mental health. This study aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic on psychological health and to identify the factors associated with anxiety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between September and November 2020, at the rheumatology clinics of two tertiary care hospitals. Eligible participants were adults with a confirmed diagnosis of RA. Data collected included socio-demographics, contact history, commitment to COVID-19 precautionary measures, medication-taking behavior, the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), the European Quality of Life (QoL) measure (EQ-5D-3L), and the health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI). Results: Of the 252 invited eligible patients, 204 agreed to participate. The majority were aged 41–50 years (28.2%), female (86.5%), and nonsmokers (96%), had at least one comorbidity (38.8%), had missed medications (8.8%), and had psychiatric illnesses or were on psychiatric medication for the past 3 months (15.4%). Borderline-abnormal anxiety levels were reported in 32.8% of patients. The mean standard deviation score for HADS depression was 3 (3), that for the EQ-5D-3L index was 0.587 (0.378), and that for the HAQ-DI was 0.947 (0.887). After adjusting for age, sex, presence of psychiatric illnesses or psychiatric medication use and noncompliance with medication, higher levels of anxiety were significantly associated with a higher level of depression, RA disability index, and pain intensity (p-value< 0.05). In contrast, higher health-related QoL was significantly associated with lower levels of anxiety (p-value< 0.001). Conclusion: During the mid-phase of the pandemic in Saudi Arabia, almost one-third of RA patients reported the presence of anxiety symptoms. Higher anxiety levels were found to be associated with depression, health-related QoL, and disease disability in RA patients.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"348 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48302157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anas A. Khan, Fahad A. Alamri, Ahmed A. Alahmari, Yasir Almuzaini, Shaker Al Omary, H. Jokhdar
Health security has become an integral part of global health after many epidemics, the latest of which was the COVID-19 pandemic, from which the world is still suffering. The term “health security” was first used in the mid-twentieth century. Now that a globalized transportation industry has allowed for the mass movement of travelers and public health emergencies, such as global warming, affect everyone, “health security” has become a top priority of countries around the world. This article breaks down the stages in the development of health security as a concept and discusses them. To that end, it reviews the most prominent international and regional initiatives in the field of global health security, including the efforts of the World Health Organization (WHO). This review will help to anticipate the future development of global health security and offer some suggestions for further research. The article thus concludes with a call for countries to work together to develop a shared method of measuring health security. Whether such initiative is taken by the WHO or by low- and middle-income countries, greater collaboration is needed to discuss shared concerns and develop new strategies, particularly in the field of digital health.
{"title":"Historical Evolution and the Future of Global Health Security","authors":"Anas A. Khan, Fahad A. Alamri, Ahmed A. Alahmari, Yasir Almuzaini, Shaker Al Omary, H. Jokhdar","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_55_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_55_22","url":null,"abstract":"Health security has become an integral part of global health after many epidemics, the latest of which was the COVID-19 pandemic, from which the world is still suffering. The term “health security” was first used in the mid-twentieth century. Now that a globalized transportation industry has allowed for the mass movement of travelers and public health emergencies, such as global warming, affect everyone, “health security” has become a top priority of countries around the world. This article breaks down the stages in the development of health security as a concept and discusses them. To that end, it reviews the most prominent international and regional initiatives in the field of global health security, including the efforts of the World Health Organization (WHO). This review will help to anticipate the future development of global health security and offer some suggestions for further research. The article thus concludes with a call for countries to work together to develop a shared method of measuring health security. Whether such initiative is taken by the WHO or by low- and middle-income countries, greater collaboration is needed to discuss shared concerns and develop new strategies, particularly in the field of digital health.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"322 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42310761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raniah N. Aldekhyyel, Ali M. Al-hazmi, Reem Al-Qahtani, Wejdan Albadrani, Felwah Alsaawi, Maha Alqahtani, Hayat Alshammari
Objective: The aim is to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of parents towards childhood vaccinations. We also aim to explore if there is an association between parents' seeking vaccine information on the Internet and social media platforms, and vaccine hesitancy toward childhood vaccinations. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in five mega malls in Riyadh by purposive sampling technique. Data collection lasted for 3 weeks from February 2020 using a self-developed questionnaire, which included: (1) sociodemographic information, (2) KAP, and (3) sources of information on childhood vaccination. Results: Five hundred and fourteen parents participated in our study, with most being mothers (79.4%). Most parents were informed about vaccination (94.7%), believed vaccines are safe (89.8%), and want their children to get the recommended vaccinations (92.4%). Forty-nine percent of parents use the internet as a source to seek vaccination information, while only 21% trust online information. As for social media, 27% mentioned that they use it to seek vaccine information but only 15% trust them as a source of information. 13.2% indicated that they changed their minds regarding vaccination because of information from the Internet, and 11.7% changed their minds from social media. We found a strong statistically significant association between vaccine hesitancy and information obtained from the internet and social media platforms (P = 0.000122, and 0.000025), respectively. Vaccine hesitancy, and information from family, and friends were statistically significant (P = 0.00003). Conclusions: We found a potential impact of internet health information and social media platforms on parents' hesitancy toward childhood vaccination.
{"title":"Effects of Online Information and Social Media Platforms on Parents' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward Childhood Vaccinations in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Raniah N. Aldekhyyel, Ali M. Al-hazmi, Reem Al-Qahtani, Wejdan Albadrani, Felwah Alsaawi, Maha Alqahtani, Hayat Alshammari","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_16_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_16_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim is to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of parents towards childhood vaccinations. We also aim to explore if there is an association between parents' seeking vaccine information on the Internet and social media platforms, and vaccine hesitancy toward childhood vaccinations. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in five mega malls in Riyadh by purposive sampling technique. Data collection lasted for 3 weeks from February 2020 using a self-developed questionnaire, which included: (1) sociodemographic information, (2) KAP, and (3) sources of information on childhood vaccination. Results: Five hundred and fourteen parents participated in our study, with most being mothers (79.4%). Most parents were informed about vaccination (94.7%), believed vaccines are safe (89.8%), and want their children to get the recommended vaccinations (92.4%). Forty-nine percent of parents use the internet as a source to seek vaccination information, while only 21% trust online information. As for social media, 27% mentioned that they use it to seek vaccine information but only 15% trust them as a source of information. 13.2% indicated that they changed their minds regarding vaccination because of information from the Internet, and 11.7% changed their minds from social media. We found a strong statistically significant association between vaccine hesitancy and information obtained from the internet and social media platforms (P = 0.000122, and 0.000025), respectively. Vaccine hesitancy, and information from family, and friends were statistically significant (P = 0.00003). Conclusions: We found a potential impact of internet health information and social media platforms on parents' hesitancy toward childhood vaccination.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"364 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46923291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_126_21
Maaged A Akiel
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequently reported cause among miscarriages. Moreover, Infants born with CHD suffer from lifelong morbidity and have high risk of sudden infant death. The incidence of CHD is 8:1000, around 1% of live births worldwide. A wide range of environmental risk factors such as exposure to teratogens increase the risk for CHD through alterations in genetic and epigenetic networks governing heart development. Yet, a small subset of CHD is caused by inherited Mendelian mutations, copy number variations, or chromosomal abnormalities. Next generation sequencing technologies and chromosomal microarray analysis deciphered the genetic make-up of CHD. This review explains the genetic make-up of CHD and highlights key molecular genetics, cytogenetics, and epigenetics findings in syndromic and isolated CHD through analysis of inherited and sporadic genomic alterations.
{"title":"The genetic architecture behind congenital heart disease: A review of genetic and epigenetic factors","authors":"Maaged A Akiel","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_126_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_126_21","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequently reported cause among miscarriages. Moreover, Infants born with CHD suffer from lifelong morbidity and have high risk of sudden infant death. The incidence of CHD is 8:1000, around 1% of live births worldwide. A wide range of environmental risk factors such as exposure to teratogens increase the risk for CHD through alterations in genetic and epigenetic networks governing heart development. Yet, a small subset of CHD is caused by inherited Mendelian mutations, copy number variations, or chromosomal abnormalities. Next generation sequencing technologies and chromosomal microarray analysis deciphered the genetic make-up of CHD. This review explains the genetic make-up of CHD and highlights key molecular genetics, cytogenetics, and epigenetics findings in syndromic and isolated CHD through analysis of inherited and sporadic genomic alterations.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"210 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42113334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Pulp exposure in permanent teeth conventionally has been treated with calcium hydroxide pulp capping. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histological finding of healthy human pulp tissue after pulp capping using new materials, Biodentine (BD) and Propolis (Pr). Materials and Methods: Forty intact human premolars scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons were mechanically exposed. Teeth were divided into four groups of ten teeth each and capped with Pr and BD. The final restoration was done with glass ionomer restorative material. The teeth were then extracted on the 15th or the 45th day and subjected to processing for histological evaluation by an image analysis software. Results: Differences in inflammatory response and dentine bridge formation of the exposed pulp to the different materials. The BD group, at all evaluation periods, exhibited a thick newly formed reparative bridge of dentin that totally obliterating the site of exposure. At the exposure site, cell inclusions and mineralization, variable numbers of odontoblast-like cells, preserved pulp tissue, marked numerous collagen fibers, and blood vessels, were observed. On the other hand, the Pr group did not show any presence of dentin bridge or calcified material and intermediate to acute inflammation after the 15th day. On the 45th day, Pr showed an entire newly formed bridge of reparative dentin tissue, complete pulp degeneration with multiple edematous spaces, hyperemic blood vessels, vacuolated odontoblasts, extravasated red blood cells, multiple mineralized structures dispersed just underneath the dentin bridge and through the pulp tissue, and newly ill-defined odontoblasts. Conclusion: For pulp capping, BD has a better dentin bridge formation and pulp preservation than pr in the human teeth.
{"title":"A comparative histological analysis of human pulp following direct pulp capping with propolis or biodentine","authors":"N. Ahmad, Nevin Gad, Marwa Abdulmonaem","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_74_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_74_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pulp exposure in permanent teeth conventionally has been treated with calcium hydroxide pulp capping. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histological finding of healthy human pulp tissue after pulp capping using new materials, Biodentine (BD) and Propolis (Pr). Materials and Methods: Forty intact human premolars scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons were mechanically exposed. Teeth were divided into four groups of ten teeth each and capped with Pr and BD. The final restoration was done with glass ionomer restorative material. The teeth were then extracted on the 15th or the 45th day and subjected to processing for histological evaluation by an image analysis software. Results: Differences in inflammatory response and dentine bridge formation of the exposed pulp to the different materials. The BD group, at all evaluation periods, exhibited a thick newly formed reparative bridge of dentin that totally obliterating the site of exposure. At the exposure site, cell inclusions and mineralization, variable numbers of odontoblast-like cells, preserved pulp tissue, marked numerous collagen fibers, and blood vessels, were observed. On the other hand, the Pr group did not show any presence of dentin bridge or calcified material and intermediate to acute inflammation after the 15th day. On the 45th day, Pr showed an entire newly formed bridge of reparative dentin tissue, complete pulp degeneration with multiple edematous spaces, hyperemic blood vessels, vacuolated odontoblasts, extravasated red blood cells, multiple mineralized structures dispersed just underneath the dentin bridge and through the pulp tissue, and newly ill-defined odontoblasts. Conclusion: For pulp capping, BD has a better dentin bridge formation and pulp preservation than pr in the human teeth.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"281 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44411262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Lingam, P. Koppolu, F. Akhter, M. Afroz, N. Tabassum, Maheen Arshed, Tahseen Khan, Sally ElHaddad
The subject of artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced magnificent development and growth over the past two decades. AI has gained amazing application in various fields including dentistry. AI is swiftly gaining the consideration of researchers around the world. The main benefit of AI is that it is based on natural language model and has become most convincing where readers can't even distinguish if it is a human written or system written. AI, which mimics human cognitive functions, is a forward leap in innovation, and has fascinated the minds of scientists over the globe. Dentists can use AI to guarantee better health-care result, quality therapy, and accomplish accuracy. AI can assist with anticipating the letdowns in clinical scenarios and illustrate dependable solutions.
{"title":"Future trends of artificial intelligence in dentistry","authors":"A. Lingam, P. Koppolu, F. Akhter, M. Afroz, N. Tabassum, Maheen Arshed, Tahseen Khan, Sally ElHaddad","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_2_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_2_22","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced magnificent development and growth over the past two decades. AI has gained amazing application in various fields including dentistry. AI is swiftly gaining the consideration of researchers around the world. The main benefit of AI is that it is based on natural language model and has become most convincing where readers can't even distinguish if it is a human written or system written. AI, which mimics human cognitive functions, is a forward leap in innovation, and has fascinated the minds of scientists over the globe. Dentists can use AI to guarantee better health-care result, quality therapy, and accomplish accuracy. AI can assist with anticipating the letdowns in clinical scenarios and illustrate dependable solutions.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"221 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48265476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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