Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.2.173.179
M. R. Aslam, M. Maqsood, Z. Ahmad, S. Akhtar, M. Rizwan, M. U. Hameed
{"title":"Effect of Foliar Applied Magnesium Sulphate and Irrigation Scheduling on Quality and Yield of Maize Hybrid","authors":"M. R. Aslam, M. Maqsood, Z. Ahmad, S. Akhtar, M. Rizwan, M. U. Hameed","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.2.173.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.2.173.179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130612571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.2.166.172
A. Basit, M. Majeed, Sohail Ahmed, G. Ali, M. Javaid
{"title":"In Situ Evaluation of Different Refractive Color Sheets and Reduced-Risk Insecticide Formulation Against Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)","authors":"A. Basit, M. Majeed, Sohail Ahmed, G. Ali, M. Javaid","doi":"10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.2.166.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.2.166.172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"20 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132606318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.2.106.115
Madeeha Alamzeb, Shazma Anwar, A. Iqbal, Song Meizhen, M. Iqbal, Sara Sara, Muhammad Ramzan, Afza Tabassum
{"title":"Application of Organic Sources and Nitrogen affect dry matter partitioning in Wheat under Tillage Systems","authors":"Madeeha Alamzeb, Shazma Anwar, A. Iqbal, Song Meizhen, M. Iqbal, Sara Sara, Muhammad Ramzan, Afza Tabassum","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.2.106.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.2.106.115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123885863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.1.29.36
U. Riaz, Z. Abbas, Q. Zaman, Muhammad Mubashir, Mahwish Jabeen, S. Zulqadar, Zeenat Javeed, S. Rehman, M. Ashraf, Muhammad Javid Qamar
T water is the fundamental constituent of about all the customs of life and it is chiefly achieved through two sources, i.e. surface water which includes streams, canals as well as fresh water lakes, rivers, etc. and ground water like borehole water and well water (Hasan, 2017). Because of its distinctive characteristics (i.e. bonding of hydrogen and polarity), and is capable to dissolve suspend, soak and adsorb on various matrix. Therefore, overall in nature the availability of pure water is impossible, as it receive the contaminants from its surroundings and from the human beings, insects, animals and from the other anthropogenic sources (Kosemani and Oyelami, 2017). The groundwater is one of the major sources of drinking water in Pakistan. Further, it is major source of water for agriculture and industrial purposes. Tremendous increase Abstract | Sampling and analysis of ground water of Bahawalpur Tehsil, Pakistan, has been made to evaluate its suitability for irrigation use. Water samples from different areas of the tehsil were collected and analysed for various physic-chemical properties like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), sulfates (SO4), carbonates (CO3), bicarbonates (HCO3), sodium (Na+), and chloride(Cl-). Results showed that 52.78% samples were unfit and 34.37% samples were considered as fit for irrigation. The interesting thing is that about 12.85% sample lies in the category of marginal fit waters for irrigation purposes after comparison with the standard values used for irrigation water for agricultural crops. The values of EC, SAR, and RSC were ranged from 0.031 to 15.39 dS m-1, 0.02 to 52.66, and 0 to 43.3 me L-1, respectively. Overall, in southwest areas the majority of water samples were found to be fit for irrigation while in northwest area majority of the water samples fall under unfit range. The SO4 ranges from 89 to 1435 mg L-1. The highest value of SO4 was observed in the samples collected from Chak 13/BC, Chak 23/BC, Chak 12/BC and Cantt Area. The highest cotton and wheat yield on average basis was recorded in union council Goth Gani as compared to all areas while lowest cotton yield was observed in union council Mari Sheikh Sajra. In the light of above findings it is inevitable to treat the ground water with gypsum stones, dilution with canal water and growing of salt tolerant crops. It is necessary to manage the soil structure on sustainable basis for obtaining optimum crop yield. Umair Riaz*1, Zafar Abbas1, Qamar uz Zaman2, Muhammad Mubashir1, Mahwish Jabeen2, Syed Ali Zulqadar1, Zeenat Javeed1, Saeed-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Muhammad Javid Qamar1
{"title":"Evaluation of Ground Water Quality for Irrigation Purposes and Effect On Crop Yields: A GIS Based Study of Bahawalpur","authors":"U. Riaz, Z. Abbas, Q. Zaman, Muhammad Mubashir, Mahwish Jabeen, S. Zulqadar, Zeenat Javeed, S. Rehman, M. Ashraf, Muhammad Javid Qamar","doi":"10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.1.29.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.1.29.36","url":null,"abstract":"T water is the fundamental constituent of about all the customs of life and it is chiefly achieved through two sources, i.e. surface water which includes streams, canals as well as fresh water lakes, rivers, etc. and ground water like borehole water and well water (Hasan, 2017). Because of its distinctive characteristics (i.e. bonding of hydrogen and polarity), and is capable to dissolve suspend, soak and adsorb on various matrix. Therefore, overall in nature the availability of pure water is impossible, as it receive the contaminants from its surroundings and from the human beings, insects, animals and from the other anthropogenic sources (Kosemani and Oyelami, 2017). The groundwater is one of the major sources of drinking water in Pakistan. Further, it is major source of water for agriculture and industrial purposes. Tremendous increase Abstract | Sampling and analysis of ground water of Bahawalpur Tehsil, Pakistan, has been made to evaluate its suitability for irrigation use. Water samples from different areas of the tehsil were collected and analysed for various physic-chemical properties like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), sulfates (SO4), carbonates (CO3), bicarbonates (HCO3), sodium (Na+), and chloride(Cl-). Results showed that 52.78% samples were unfit and 34.37% samples were considered as fit for irrigation. The interesting thing is that about 12.85% sample lies in the category of marginal fit waters for irrigation purposes after comparison with the standard values used for irrigation water for agricultural crops. The values of EC, SAR, and RSC were ranged from 0.031 to 15.39 dS m-1, 0.02 to 52.66, and 0 to 43.3 me L-1, respectively. Overall, in southwest areas the majority of water samples were found to be fit for irrigation while in northwest area majority of the water samples fall under unfit range. The SO4 ranges from 89 to 1435 mg L-1. The highest value of SO4 was observed in the samples collected from Chak 13/BC, Chak 23/BC, Chak 12/BC and Cantt Area. The highest cotton and wheat yield on average basis was recorded in union council Goth Gani as compared to all areas while lowest cotton yield was observed in union council Mari Sheikh Sajra. In the light of above findings it is inevitable to treat the ground water with gypsum stones, dilution with canal water and growing of salt tolerant crops. It is necessary to manage the soil structure on sustainable basis for obtaining optimum crop yield. Umair Riaz*1, Zafar Abbas1, Qamar uz Zaman2, Muhammad Mubashir1, Mahwish Jabeen2, Syed Ali Zulqadar1, Zeenat Javeed1, Saeed-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Muhammad Javid Qamar1","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123544420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjar/2017/31.1.7.14
M. Sarwar, Abid Ali, M. Hussain, S. Saadia, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar, I. Ahmad, Sohail Latif
{"title":"A Step towards the Sustainable Wheat Production with Integrated Nutrient Management Strategies under Pothwar Conditions","authors":"M. Sarwar, Abid Ali, M. Hussain, S. Saadia, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar, I. Ahmad, Sohail Latif","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjar/2017/31.1.7.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2017/31.1.7.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124709125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.1.1.6
S. Zareen, Syeda Sadaf Zahra, A. Mehmood, M. Asadullah, A. Muhammad
{"title":"In-Vitro Propagation of Neurada procumbensl L (Chipri Booti): An Endangered Medicinal Plant from Cholistan Desert","authors":"S. Zareen, Syeda Sadaf Zahra, A. Mehmood, M. Asadullah, A. Muhammad","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.1.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.1.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114385131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.1.15.23
A. Nisa, S. Hina, S. Mazhar, I. Kalim, I. Ahmad, N. Zahra, S. Masood, M. Saeed, Q. Syed, Maida Asif
{"title":"Stability of Lutein Content in Color Extracted from Marigold Flower and its Application in Candies","authors":"A. Nisa, S. Hina, S. Mazhar, I. Kalim, I. Ahmad, N. Zahra, S. Masood, M. Saeed, Q. Syed, Maida Asif","doi":"10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.1.15.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.1.15.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129253420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.1.37.44
M. Sharif, S. Ijaz, M. Ansar, I. Ahmad, S. Sadiq
P is the largest rainfed tract of northern Punjab, Pakistan, where fallow-wheat rotation is the most common practice on about 80% of the area (Razzaq et al., 2002). The six-month-fallow starts from the harvest of previous wheatinMay and continues till the seeding of next wheat crop in October. The rainfall is erratic, scanty and 70% of the rain is received during monsoon (fallow period) in the form of torrential rainstorms which not only lead to water losses but also the loss of soil through erosion.Current farmer’s practices during fallow period comprise of moldboard plowing followed by 8 -12 tillage operationswithtine cultivator for moisture conservation and weed control (Zahid et al., 1991; Ishaq et al., 2003). Low crop productivity is the common feature of the agriculture of area; however, there is great potential of increasing crop productivityif efficient use of resourcesand reduced input costs are ensured. Abstract | Tillage and crop residue management practices are keyconsiderations for crop production in rainfed areas. The objective of the current study was to explorethe possibility of practicing conservation tillage systems for reducing input cost of small holder farming community of Pothwar, Pakistan. A two-year field study was carried out with a split plot design, having conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), reduced tillage (RT) and zero tillage (ZT) systems in main plots,while residue retained (R+) and removed (R-) in sub-plots.The results showed that seedling emergence, wheat biomass and grain yield were statistically same under CT (83 plants m-2, 6.02 Mg ha-1, 3.32 Mg ha-1, respectively), MT (83 plants m-2, 5.90Mg ha-1, 3.26 Mg ha-1, respectively) and RT(72 plants m-2, 5.92 Mg ha-1,3.20Mg ha-1, respectively)tillage systemswith retention of crop residues,whilesignificantly lower values were recorded under ZT without residue return (54 plants m-2, 4.33Mg ha-1, 2.02Mg ha-1, respectively). The gross margins were highest with crop residue return under RT (Rs. 109375) followed by MT (Rs. 101800) and CT (Rs. 97840), whereas ZT without residue return gave the lowest gross margin of Rs. 7187.The study indicated that reduced tillage (chiseling) with retention of crop residue is a promising conservation tillage practicefor economical benefits and sufficient wheat yields in rainfed Pothwar, Pakistan. Muhammad Sharif1*, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Ansar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Syed Abdul Sadiq5
P区是巴基斯坦旁遮普省北部最大的旱地，其中约80%的地区最常见的做法是休耕小麦轮作(Razzaq et al.， 2002)。6个月的休耕期从5月收获前一季小麦开始，一直持续到10月播种下一季小麦。降雨不稳定，稀少，70%的降雨是在季风(休耕期)以暴雨的形式接收的，这不仅导致水分流失，而且还通过侵蚀导致土壤流失。目前农民在休耕期间的做法包括用犁板耕作，然后使用定时耕作机进行8 -12次耕作，以保持水分和控制杂草(Zahid等人，1991年;Ishaq et al.， 2003)。作物生产力低下是区域农业的共同特征;然而，如果确保有效利用资源和降低投入成本，提高作物生产力的潜力很大。摘要/ Abstract摘要:耕作和作物残茬管理是雨养地区作物生产的关键因素。本研究的目的是探讨实施保护性耕作制度以降低巴基斯坦Pothwar小农农业社区投入成本的可能性。为期两年的田间研究采用分块设计，在主地块采用常规耕作(CT)、少耕(MT)、少耕(RT)和免耕(ZT)制度，在次地块采用残茬保留(R+)和残茬清除(R-)制度。结果表明:有残茬茬茬的CT(83株m-2、6.02 Mg ha-1、3.32 Mg ha-1)、MT(83株m-2、5.90Mg ha-1、3.26 Mg ha-1)和RT(72株m-2、5.92 Mg ha-1、3.20Mg ha-1)耕作方式下的出苗率、小麦生物量和籽粒产量具有统计学意义，无残茬茬的ZT(54株m-2、4.33Mg ha-1、2.02Mg ha-1)显著降低。秸秆还田处理下毛利率最高(109375)，其次是秸秆还田处理(101800)和秸秆还田处理(97840)，无秸秆还田处理的毛利率最低(7187)。该研究表明，在巴基斯坦雨养的Pothwar，保留作物残茬的减少耕作(chiseling)是一种具有经济效益和充足小麦产量的有希望的保护性耕作方法。Muhammad Sharif1*， Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Ansar3, Ijaz Ahmad4和Syed Abdul Sadiq5
{"title":"Evaluation of Conservation Tillage System Performance for Rainfed Wheat Production in upland of Pakistan","authors":"M. Sharif, S. Ijaz, M. Ansar, I. Ahmad, S. Sadiq","doi":"10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.1.37.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.1.37.44","url":null,"abstract":"P is the largest rainfed tract of northern Punjab, Pakistan, where fallow-wheat rotation is the most common practice on about 80% of the area (Razzaq et al., 2002). The six-month-fallow starts from the harvest of previous wheatinMay and continues till the seeding of next wheat crop in October. The rainfall is erratic, scanty and 70% of the rain is received during monsoon (fallow period) in the form of torrential rainstorms which not only lead to water losses but also the loss of soil through erosion.Current farmer’s practices during fallow period comprise of moldboard plowing followed by 8 -12 tillage operationswithtine cultivator for moisture conservation and weed control (Zahid et al., 1991; Ishaq et al., 2003). Low crop productivity is the common feature of the agriculture of area; however, there is great potential of increasing crop productivityif efficient use of resourcesand reduced input costs are ensured. Abstract | Tillage and crop residue management practices are keyconsiderations for crop production in rainfed areas. The objective of the current study was to explorethe possibility of practicing conservation tillage systems for reducing input cost of small holder farming community of Pothwar, Pakistan. A two-year field study was carried out with a split plot design, having conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), reduced tillage (RT) and zero tillage (ZT) systems in main plots,while residue retained (R+) and removed (R-) in sub-plots.The results showed that seedling emergence, wheat biomass and grain yield were statistically same under CT (83 plants m-2, 6.02 Mg ha-1, 3.32 Mg ha-1, respectively), MT (83 plants m-2, 5.90Mg ha-1, 3.26 Mg ha-1, respectively) and RT(72 plants m-2, 5.92 Mg ha-1,3.20Mg ha-1, respectively)tillage systemswith retention of crop residues,whilesignificantly lower values were recorded under ZT without residue return (54 plants m-2, 4.33Mg ha-1, 2.02Mg ha-1, respectively). The gross margins were highest with crop residue return under RT (Rs. 109375) followed by MT (Rs. 101800) and CT (Rs. 97840), whereas ZT without residue return gave the lowest gross margin of Rs. 7187.The study indicated that reduced tillage (chiseling) with retention of crop residue is a promising conservation tillage practicefor economical benefits and sufficient wheat yields in rainfed Pothwar, Pakistan. Muhammad Sharif1*, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Ansar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Syed Abdul Sadiq5","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117022088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.1.24.28
S. Abid, Nasir Jamal, M. Anwar, S. Zahid
{"title":"Exponential Growth Model for Forecasting of Area and Production of Potato Crop in Pakistan","authors":"S. Abid, Nasir Jamal, M. Anwar, S. Zahid","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.1.24.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.1.24.28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"360 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115898994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.1.45.54
N. Khan, F. Khan, M. Kashan, Qadir Ullah, A. Rauf
G of upland cotton after wheat crop is an important cropping system in Pakistan and area under the system is 7.1 million hectares (Govt. of Pakistan, 2016; PCCC, 2016; FAO, 2004). Wheat straw is used as animal fodder and household fuel. Removal/burning of wheat residues is a common practice in Pakistan causing severe air-pollution and huge losses of organic carbon-C, crop nutrients and soil biota (Zhang et al., 2012). As a result, cotton lint yield in wheat-cotton system has become stagnant or declined. The decreasing soil fertility, mainly soil organic matter (SOM) is one of the key factors responsible for this decline (Usman et al., 2013a). Hence there is a stress on accumulation of soil organic matter and Abstract | Residues retention in zero tillage (ZT) system is a highly resourceful mean of managing nitrogenous fertilizers and optimizing the nitrogen (N) use efficiencies, lint yield and fiber quality in wheat-cotton system. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan to explore N management practices for ZT cotton grown into standing wheat straw. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications. Results showed that cotton lint yield and fiber quality was good during 2016 than that in 2014 and 2015. Ammonia volatilization loss from urea broadcast over the residue covered surface, followed by irrigation, was low (<2 kg ha−1) regardless of time of urea application. N treatments significantly affected the N uptake, N use efficiencies, lint yield and fiber quality traits. Drilling of 24 kg N ha−1 as DAP into soil at cotton seeding followed by three top-dressing of 42 kg N ha−1 each just prior to first, second and third irrigations significantly enhanced seed cotton yield, quality, N uptake and N efficiencies compared to conventional practices. In conclusion, drilling of 24 kg N ha−1 as DAP into the soil at cotton sowing followed by three topdressing of 42 kg N ha−1 each just prior to first, second and third irrigations is a better applied N management strategy for ZT cotton that enhanced cotton yield, quality and N efficiency in wheatcotton system. Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Farkhanda Khan2, Muhammad Kashan3, Qadir Ullah4 and Abdur Rauf5
继小麦之后的陆地棉花种植是巴基斯坦重要的种植制度，该制度下的面积为710万公顷(government . of Pakistan, 2016;PCCC, 2016;粮农组织,2004年)。麦秆被用作动物饲料和家庭燃料。在巴基斯坦，清除/焚烧小麦秸秆是一种常见的做法，造成严重的空气污染和有机碳- c、作物养分和土壤生物群的巨大损失(Zhang et al.， 2012)。因此，小麦-棉花系统的棉绒产量停滞或下降。土壤肥力下降，主要是土壤有机质(SOM)的下降是造成这种下降的关键因素之一(Usman et al.， 2013)。免耕(ZT)制度是管理氮肥、优化小麦-棉花系统氮肥利用效率、皮棉产量和纤维品质的有效手段。为此，本研究于2014年、2015年和2016年在巴基斯坦德拉伊斯梅尔汗棉花研究站进行了田间试验，探讨小麦秸秆种植ZT棉的氮素管理措施。试验采用随机完全区组(RCB)设计，共3个重复。结果表明，2016年棉绒产量和纤维质量均好于2014年和2015年。无论施用尿素的时间如何，在覆盖残茬的地表施用尿素，然后进行灌溉，氨挥发损失都很低(<2 kg ha - 1)。施氮处理显著影响氮素吸收、氮素利用效率、皮棉产量和纤维品质性状。与常规做法相比，播种时在土壤中钻施24 kg N ha - 1作为DAP，然后在第一次、第二次和第三次灌溉前三次追肥42 kg N ha - 1，显著提高了棉籽棉的产量、质量、氮吸收和氮效率。综上所述，播种时钻孔施24kg N ha - 1磷酸铵，在第一次、第二次和第三次灌溉前进行3次追肥，每次追肥42 kg N ha - 1，是ZT棉较好的施氮管理策略，可提高小麦-棉体系棉花产量、品质和氮效率。Niamat Ullah Khan1*， Farkhanda Khan2, Muhammad Kashan3, Qadir Ullah4和Abdur raauf5
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