The insatiable needs of man necessitated his movement from one place to another and one major means by which he has been doing this is by flying in the aeroplane. The article traces the history of civil aviation in Nigeria, exploring the various phases of development which the industry has gone through. It concludes that the aviation industry is indispensable to the socio-economic development of Nigeria and should therefore be given the proper attention it deserves. Lagos Historical Review Vol. 6, 2006: 133-147
{"title":"The aviation industry in Nigeria: A historical overview","authors":"M. M. Ogbeidi","doi":"10.4314/LHR.V6I1.32550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/LHR.V6I1.32550","url":null,"abstract":"The insatiable needs of man necessitated his movement from one place to another and one major means by which he has been doing this is by flying in the aeroplane. The article traces the history of civil aviation in Nigeria, exploring the various phases of development which the industry has gone through. It concludes that the aviation industry is indispensable to the socio-economic development of Nigeria and should therefore be given the proper attention it deserves. Lagos Historical Review Vol. 6, 2006: 133-147","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133521317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scholars of Africa have largely overlooked football as a historical phenomenon. In the case of Nigeria, football is one of the few positive national unifying forces, and, when studied from a historical perspective, provides an alternative history of Nigeria that offers a refreshing picture of growth, adoption, adaptation, and unity. In this article, football's place in Nigerian history is examined at a particularly poignant period when, in an effort to garner support for the war effort against Nazi Germany, promises were made that could be interpreted to imply impending independence. In the context of this, Nnamdi Azikiwe, a rising anti-colonial political force, organized two football tours between 1941 and 1943 under the guise of supporting the war effort. Azikiwe used the cover of the tours to press his demands for reform and democracy, in spite of the heightened wartime censorship. The use of football as a means for mass mobilization is proof not only of the growing importance of football to Nigerians, but also that using the very cultural forms of the colonial authorities was often the most effective means of protesting against them. Lagos Historical Review Vol. 6, 2006: 39-61
{"title":"Football, mobilization and protest: Nnamdi Azikiwe and the goodwill tours of World War II","authors":"Wiebe Boer","doi":"10.4314/LHR.V6I1.32546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/LHR.V6I1.32546","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars of Africa have largely overlooked football as a historical phenomenon. In the case of Nigeria, football is one of the few positive national unifying forces, and, when studied from a historical perspective, provides an alternative history of Nigeria that offers a refreshing picture of growth, adoption, adaptation, and unity. In this article, football's place in Nigerian history is examined at a particularly poignant period when, in an effort to garner support for the war effort against Nazi Germany, promises were made that could be interpreted to imply impending independence. In the context of this, Nnamdi Azikiwe, a rising anti-colonial political force, organized two football tours between 1941 and 1943 under the guise of supporting the war effort. Azikiwe used the cover of the tours to press his demands for reform and democracy, in spite of the heightened wartime censorship. The use of football as a means for mass mobilization is proof not only of the growing importance of football to Nigerians, but also that using the very cultural forms of the colonial authorities was often the most effective means of protesting against them. Lagos Historical Review Vol. 6, 2006: 39-61","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131083461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How to effectively transform Nigeria's rural areas where an overwhelming majority of the people reside and thus check the perennial rural–urban drift has remained a recurring problem for successive administrators and policy makers. Because of the lack of proper attention, especially in the provision of amenities, Nigeria's rural areas have increasingly become quantitatively depopulated and progressively less attractive for social and economic investments, even as the cities have overtime become physically congested, socially unhealthy and generally uneconomic to maintain. The genesis of this unbalanced development could be traced to the colonial period. The reasons are not farfetched. It ran contrary to colonial policy, which emphasized the exploitation of local resources for the development of the British Empire. Unfortunately, the post-independence administrations found it convenient to continue with this policy, perhaps because of its immediate benefits. Hence, the paper argues that for as long as this biased development approach continues in the country, Nigeria's rural communities will remain backward and unattractive, and this will in turn retard the national economy. Lagos Historical Review Vol. 6, 2006: 118-132
{"title":"Rural development in Eastern Nigeria: An assessment of colonial and post colonial development plans in the former Owerri Province, 1946 - 1976","authors":"O. Iwuagwu","doi":"10.4314/LHR.V6I1.32549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/LHR.V6I1.32549","url":null,"abstract":"How to effectively transform Nigeria's rural areas where an overwhelming majority of the people reside and thus check the perennial rural–urban drift has remained a recurring problem for successive administrators and policy makers. Because of the lack of proper attention, especially in the provision of amenities, Nigeria's rural areas have increasingly become quantitatively depopulated and progressively less attractive for social and economic investments, even as the cities have overtime become physically congested, socially unhealthy and generally uneconomic to maintain. The genesis of this unbalanced development could be traced to the colonial period. The reasons are not farfetched. It ran contrary to colonial policy, which emphasized the exploitation of local resources for the development of the British Empire. Unfortunately, the post-independence administrations found it convenient to continue with this policy, perhaps because of its immediate benefits. Hence, the paper argues that for as long as this biased development approach continues in the country, Nigeria's rural communities will remain backward and unattractive, and this will in turn retard the national economy. Lagos Historical Review Vol. 6, 2006: 118-132","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127173382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article categorizes the American historical scholarship on the Cold War into five, perhaps six, clusters. After discussing these clusters, it argues that in spite of paradigmatic differences, there are also areas of agreement in the literature. For one thing, it is clear that before the end of World War II, and therefore before the Cold War acquired its distinctiveness, the U.S. had a well-articulated vision of the world order it desired in place of the one shattered by World War II: this was essentially an international political economy which conformed with, protected and promoted U.S. prosperity and security. But at the same time, American leaders convinced themselves that the Soviets were a potential threat to this objective. The evidence is clear that this conviction derived from an ingrained American aversion to the Soviet Union which dates back to the 1917 Bolshevik revolution. In this context, the Cold War began when it became clear that Moscow would not participate in the multilateral global order envisioned and led by Washington. Lagos Historical Review Vol. 6, 2006: 1-38
{"title":"American historians on the Cold War: A historiographical interpretation","authors":"Ebere Nwaubani","doi":"10.4314/LHR.V6I1.32545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/LHR.V6I1.32545","url":null,"abstract":"This article categorizes the American historical scholarship on the Cold War into five, perhaps six, clusters. After discussing these clusters, it argues that in spite of paradigmatic differences, there are also areas of agreement in the literature. For one thing, it is clear that before the end of World War II, and therefore before the Cold War acquired its distinctiveness, the U.S. had a well-articulated vision of the world order it desired in place of the one shattered by World War II: this was essentially an international political economy which conformed with, protected and promoted U.S. prosperity and security. But at the same time, American leaders convinced themselves that the Soviets were a potential threat to this objective. The evidence is clear that this conviction derived from an ingrained American aversion to the Soviet Union which dates back to the 1917 Bolshevik revolution. In this context, the Cold War began when it became clear that Moscow would not participate in the multilateral global order envisioned and led by Washington. Lagos Historical Review Vol. 6, 2006: 1-38","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116591411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The management of inherited colonial international borderlands, as is the case with Nigeria's south eastern international borderland, has been the bane of African cooperation as, African states seek to maintain the features of the modern state system with emphasis on sovereignty. This is at conflict with the interests of the borderland communities who desire unfettered access to their kith and kin severed by the artificial boundaries. In addition, the application of complex legal and geometric technicalities in the management of border disputes, in preference to the more humanistic factor of culture creates discord in the borderland. This paper contends that the borderland possesses an organic and human character with pervasive cultural values and usages which are capable of being harnessed in policy formulation. The Nigeria – Cameroon experiment would be instructive for espousing the potency of culture for boundary management in Africa. Lagos Historical Review , vol. 5 (2005), 75-98
{"title":"Culture and Policy in Nigeria's South-Eastern International Borderland","authors":"L. Otoide","doi":"10.4314/LHR.V5I1.32525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/LHR.V5I1.32525","url":null,"abstract":"The management of inherited colonial international borderlands, as is the case with Nigeria's south eastern international borderland, has been the bane of African cooperation as, African states seek to maintain the features of the modern state system with emphasis on sovereignty. This is at conflict with the interests of the borderland communities who desire unfettered access to their kith and kin severed by the artificial boundaries. In addition, the application of complex legal and geometric technicalities in the management of border disputes, in preference to the more humanistic factor of culture creates discord in the borderland. This paper contends that the borderland possesses an organic and human character with pervasive cultural values and usages which are capable of being harnessed in policy formulation. The Nigeria – Cameroon experiment would be instructive for espousing the potency of culture for boundary management in Africa. Lagos Historical Review , vol. 5 (2005), 75-98","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122531598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Land Tenure in Pre-Colonial West Niger Igbo Area","authors":"J. Onyekpe","doi":"10.4314/LHR.V1I1.32543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/LHR.V1I1.32543","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134432195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the fact that the most important institution in a democracy is the political party, the paper appraises the degree to which discipline is maintained among party members and the impact of this on governance in Nigeria's Fourth Republic. It is evident in the paper that party discipline is at the low ebb in the Fourth Republic when compared with previous regimes. This is discernible from the ease with which party members cross-carpet from one party to the other thus betraying the public trust reposed in them by the electorate who voted them into their respective elective offices. Party disagreements and differences are often advertised regrettably in the print and electronic media. The paper argues that every political party should institutionalize party primaries as a vehicle to promote democratic culture and enhance democratic political socialization. None of the three dominant parties—the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), the All Nigerian Peoples Party (ANPP), and the Alliance for Democracy—conducted any meaningful primaries. Even when primaries were conducted these were marked by irregularities and discontent. Indeed candidates were largely selected on the basis of preferment. The paper contends that any political party whose members are not sufficiently disciplined to conduct effective primaries cannot succeed in any inter-party political process. Lagos Historical Review , vol. 5 (2005), 111-130
{"title":"Party Discipline and the Electoral Process in Nigeria's Fourth Republic (1999-2005): An Analysis of Problems and Prospects","authors":"Remi Anifowose, A. Akinbobola","doi":"10.4314/LHR.V5I1.32527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/LHR.V5I1.32527","url":null,"abstract":"Given the fact that the most important institution in a democracy is the political party, the paper appraises the degree to which discipline is maintained among party members and the impact of this on governance in Nigeria's Fourth Republic. It is evident in the paper that party discipline is at the low ebb in the Fourth Republic when compared with previous regimes. This is discernible from the ease with which party members cross-carpet from one party to the other thus betraying the public trust reposed in them by the electorate who voted them into their respective elective offices. Party disagreements and differences are often advertised regrettably in the print and electronic media. The paper argues that every political party should institutionalize party primaries as a vehicle to promote democratic culture and enhance democratic political socialization. None of the three dominant parties—the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), the All Nigerian Peoples Party (ANPP), and the Alliance for Democracy—conducted any meaningful primaries. Even when primaries were conducted these were marked by irregularities and discontent. Indeed candidates were largely selected on the basis of preferment. The paper contends that any political party whose members are not sufficiently disciplined to conduct effective primaries cannot succeed in any inter-party political process. Lagos Historical Review , vol. 5 (2005), 111-130","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128538321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
History of cities in Africa is a recent field of research which interrogates – in the last two decades – the ways in which Africans shape the patterns of urbanisation and how urbanisation influences African social and cultural practices. The development of numerous case studies testifies to this new interest in African cities. Focusing on the West African region, the article explores the extent to which political and social history has benefited from the emergence of this new subfield of research and concludes that a substantial part of the extant literature is still based on the traditional approach. Consequently a West African urban history is yet to emerge despite the existence of ancient traditions of urban settlement in this area and the uniqueness of that phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa. Lagos Historical Review , vol. 5 (2005), 1-21
{"title":"African Urban History: Past and Present Perspective","authors":"Laurent Fourchard","doi":"10.4314/LHR.V5I1.32522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/LHR.V5I1.32522","url":null,"abstract":"History of cities in Africa is a recent field of research which interrogates – in the last two decades – the ways in which Africans shape the patterns of urbanisation and how urbanisation influences African social and cultural practices. The development of numerous case studies testifies to this new interest in African cities. Focusing on the West African region, the article explores the extent to which political and social history has benefited from the emergence of this new subfield of research and concludes that a substantial part of the extant literature is still based on the traditional approach. Consequently a West African urban history is yet to emerge despite the existence of ancient traditions of urban settlement in this area and the uniqueness of that phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa. Lagos Historical Review , vol. 5 (2005), 1-21","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129616499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Creation of Ondo State and the Emergence of the New Minority","authors":"R. Akinyele","doi":"10.4314/LHR.V1I1.32533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/LHR.V1I1.32533","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125045230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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