Pub Date : 2023-10-01Epub Date: 2023-10-29DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1446
Jeneth Berlin Raj, Krishnan Srinivasan, Vishnupriya Veeraraghavan
Background: In this digital era, around the globe, smartphones have become ubiquitous and an indispensable part of everyday life. Despite being a highly productive tool, smartphone is often overused or misused leading to addiction. Studies have been carried out to assess factors influencing smartphone addiction, but very little focus has been placed on psychosocial changes in adults with different personalities, especially among medical students. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the influence of smartphone addiction on personality among medical students in South India.
Methods: A validated extrovert and Introvert Personality Inventory (IPEI) was administered to assess the personality after obtaining the necessary permissions. Using a validated questionnaire, the satisfaction with life, subjective happiness, and loneliness scales were administered via Google Forms.
Findings: The results showed there was a statistically significant increase in life satisfaction and loneliness scores among the extroverts in the mobile phone addiction group compared with the non-addiction group (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: Considering the impact of cell phones on various factors in adults in different areas can complement the nationwide statistics so as to formulate a health policy to address the vulnerable population and thus prevent the deterioration of the psychosocial behavior of the young generation.
{"title":"Smartphone Addiction and its Impacts on Loneliness, Happiness, and Satisfaction with Life in Medical Students with Different Personalities During COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Jeneth Berlin Raj, Krishnan Srinivasan, Vishnupriya Veeraraghavan","doi":"10.34172/ahj.2023.1446","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.2023.1446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this digital era, around the globe, smartphones have become ubiquitous and an indispensable part of everyday life. Despite being a highly productive tool, smartphone is often overused or misused leading to addiction. Studies have been carried out to assess factors influencing smartphone addiction, but very little focus has been placed on psychosocial changes in adults with different personalities, especially among medical students. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the influence of smartphone addiction on personality among medical students in South India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A validated extrovert and Introvert Personality Inventory (IPEI) was administered to assess the personality after obtaining the necessary permissions. Using a validated questionnaire, the satisfaction with life, subjective happiness, and loneliness scales were administered via Google Forms.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The results showed there was a statistically significant increase in life satisfaction and loneliness scores among the extroverts in the mobile phone addiction group compared with the non-addiction group (<i>P</i><0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering the impact of cell phones on various factors in adults in different areas can complement the nationwide statistics so as to formulate a health policy to address the vulnerable population and thus prevent the deterioration of the psychosocial behavior of the young generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"15 4","pages":"247-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10843350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The change in gambling forms, a wide variety of advertising methods, the access to gambling, as well as the increase in participation in online gambling have made it important to know and investigate gambling, particularly as pathological gambling leads to psychological and physical damage.
Methods: The present study investigated the factor structure of the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS) proposed by Raylu and Oei in addiction. The study sample included 574 participants (40.2% male, 59.8% female) between 18 and 56 years of age. The instruments used in the present study included the GRCS, the South Oaks Gambling Screen Questionnaire (SOGS), the Victorian Gambling Screen (VGS), and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI).
Findings: A 5-factor GRCS model provided the best fit to the data, and gambling-related cognitions were a strong predictor of disordered gambling among adults. All subscales presented good internal consistency and scalability. The findings showed that the total score of the GRCS-IR was significantly different among men and women.
Conclusion: The findings of this study confirmed that the Iranian version of the GRCS-IR is an effective multidimensional instrument that accurately measures cognitive distortions related to gambling. Consequently, it can be utilized as a valuable tool for assessing GRC (Gambling Related Cognitions) to understand the severity of pathological gambling and has the potential capacity to measure treatment outcomes.
{"title":"Validation of Gambling Related Cognitions Scale-Iranian Version (GRCS-IR).","authors":"Mohsen Jadidi, Farid Ahmadrad, Samaneh Sadat Sarkeshikian, Mahsa Seyed Moradpoor","doi":"10.34172/ahj.2023.1431","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.2023.1431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The change in gambling forms, a wide variety of advertising methods, the access to gambling, as well as the increase in participation in online gambling have made it important to know and investigate gambling, particularly as pathological gambling leads to psychological and physical damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study investigated the factor structure of the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS) proposed by Raylu and Oei in addiction. The study sample included 574 participants (40.2% male, 59.8% female) between 18 and 56 years of age. The instruments used in the present study included the GRCS, the South Oaks Gambling Screen Questionnaire (SOGS), the Victorian Gambling Screen (VGS), and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A 5-factor GRCS model provided the best fit to the data, and gambling-related cognitions were a strong predictor of disordered gambling among adults. All subscales presented good internal consistency and scalability. The findings showed that the total score of the GRCS-IR was significantly different among men and women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study confirmed that the Iranian version of the GRCS-IR is an effective multidimensional instrument that accurately measures cognitive distortions related to gambling. Consequently, it can be utilized as a valuable tool for assessing GRC (Gambling Related Cognitions) to understand the severity of pathological gambling and has the potential capacity to measure treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"15 4","pages":"275-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10843356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Despite all the positive features of the internet, the risk of addiction threatens users. Sleep disorders and the negative effects on self-efficacy are important risks of this technology. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of modifying the parent-child interaction pattern based on play therapy (filial therapy) on internet addiction, sleep quality, and self-efficacy in 9-12-year-old children.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 3617 boys and girls aged 9-12 years studying in selected schools in Kerman, Iran (12 elementary schools) in the academic year 2020-2021. A total of 72 students were randomly selected from among the children who met the benchmark score of internet addiction and were not under medical and psychological treatment. The participants were divided into two experimental and control groups (36 students each). A demographic information questionnaire, the Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS), the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Findings: The mean scores of internet addiction in the pre-test and post-test were 86.67 and 86.23 in the control group and 88.14 and 75.14 in the experimental group, respectively, which showed a decrease in internet addiction. The scores of sleep quality in the pre-test and post-test were 1.81 and 1.78 in the control group and 1.75 and 0.5 in the experimental group, respectively. Moreover, the overall scores of self-efficacy in the pre-test and post-test were 63.64 and 63.94 in the control group and 62.08 and 81.75 in the experimental group, respectively. The results indicated an improvement in the overall quality of sleep and selfefficacy.
Conclusion: The results showed that the severity of internet addiction in children decreased after the treatment based on modifying the parent-child interaction, and this treatment was also effective on self-efficacy and sleep disorders.
{"title":"Investigating the Effectiveness of Modifying the Parent-Child Interaction Pattern Based on Filial Play Therapy on Internet Addiction, Sleep Quality, and Self-efficacy in 9-12-Year-Old Children.","authors":"Fereshteh Danesh, Masoud Mohammadi, Ghasem Naziri, Najmeh Fath","doi":"10.34172/ahj.2023.1398","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.2023.1398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite all the positive features of the internet, the risk of addiction threatens users. Sleep disorders and the negative effects on self-efficacy are important risks of this technology. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of modifying the parent-child interaction pattern based on play therapy (filial therapy) on internet addiction, sleep quality, and self-efficacy in 9-12-year-old children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 3617 boys and girls aged 9-12 years studying in selected schools in Kerman, Iran (12 elementary schools) in the academic year 2020-2021. A total of 72 students were randomly selected from among the children who met the benchmark score of internet addiction and were not under medical and psychological treatment. The participants were divided into two experimental and control groups (36 students each). A demographic information questionnaire, the Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS), the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The mean scores of internet addiction in the pre-test and post-test were 86.67 and 86.23 in the control group and 88.14 and 75.14 in the experimental group, respectively, which showed a decrease in internet addiction. The scores of sleep quality in the pre-test and post-test were 1.81 and 1.78 in the control group and 1.75 and 0.5 in the experimental group, respectively. Moreover, the overall scores of self-efficacy in the pre-test and post-test were 63.64 and 63.94 in the control group and 62.08 and 81.75 in the experimental group, respectively. The results indicated an improvement in the overall quality of sleep and selfefficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that the severity of internet addiction in children decreased after the treatment based on modifying the parent-child interaction, and this treatment was also effective on self-efficacy and sleep disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"15 4","pages":"281-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10843351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Methamphetamine (MA), is a widely abused synthetic psychostimulant that leads to irreversible brain damage manifested as cognitive impairments in humans and animals. The novel object recognition (NOR) task is a commonly used behavioral assay for the investigation of non-spatial memory in rodents. This test is based on the natural tendency of rodents to spend more time exploring a novel object than a familiar one. NOR test has been used in many studies investigating cognitive deficits caused by MA in rodents. The objective of the present study was to review neurobiological mechanisms that might be responsible for MA-induced NOR alterations.
Methods: A PubMed search showed 83 publications using novel object recognition and methamphetamine as keywords in the past 10 years.
Findings: The present study revealed different MA regimens cause recognition memory impairment in rodents. In addition, it was found that the main neurobiological mechanism involved in MA-induced recognition deficits is the dysfunction of monoaminergic systems.
Conclusion: NOR is a useful test to assess the cognitive functions following MA administration and evaluate the efficacy of new therapeutic agents in MA-addicted individuals.
背景：甲基苯丙胺（MA）是一种广泛滥用的合成精神兴奋剂，可导致不可逆的脑损伤，表现为人类和动物的认知障碍。新物体识别（NOR）任务是研究啮齿类动物非空间记忆的常用行为试验。该测试基于啮齿类动物花更多时间探索新物体而非熟悉物体的自然倾向。NOR测试已被用于许多调查啮齿动物MA导致的认知缺陷的研究中。本研究的目的是回顾可能导致 MA 引起的 NOR 改变的神经生物学机制：方法：在PubMed上搜索发现，过去10年中有83篇论文使用了新物体识别和甲基苯丙胺作为关键词：本研究发现，不同的甲基苯丙胺治疗方案会导致啮齿动物识别记忆受损。此外，研究还发现，甲基苯丙胺诱发识别障碍的主要神经生物学机制是单胺能系统功能障碍：结论：NOR是一项有用的测试，可用于评估服用MA后的认知功能，以及评估新治疗药物对MA成瘾者的疗效。
{"title":"A Review on the Disruption of Novel Object Recognition Induced by Methamphetamine.","authors":"Seyedeh Masoumeh Seyedhosseini Tamijani, Elmira Beirami, Hamed Ghazvini, Raheleh Rafaiee, Masoud Nazeri, Moazamehosadat Razavinasab","doi":"10.34172/ahj.2023.1307","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.2023.1307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methamphetamine (MA), is a widely abused synthetic psychostimulant that leads to irreversible brain damage manifested as cognitive impairments in humans and animals. The novel object recognition (NOR) task is a commonly used behavioral assay for the investigation of non-spatial memory in rodents. This test is based on the natural tendency of rodents to spend more time exploring a novel object than a familiar one. NOR test has been used in many studies investigating cognitive deficits caused by MA in rodents. The objective of the present study was to review neurobiological mechanisms that might be responsible for MA-induced NOR alterations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A PubMed search showed 83 publications using novel object recognition and methamphetamine as keywords in the past 10 years.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The present study revealed different MA regimens cause recognition memory impairment in rodents. In addition, it was found that the main neurobiological mechanism involved in MA-induced recognition deficits is the dysfunction of monoaminergic systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NOR is a useful test to assess the cognitive functions following MA administration and evaluate the efficacy of new therapeutic agents in MA-addicted individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"15 4","pages":"289-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10843358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyed Iman Seyedzadeh Dalooyi, Hamidreza Aghamohammadian Sharbaaf, Mohammad Saeed Abdekhodaei, Ali Ghanaei Chamanabad
Background: Although some studies have examined the determinants of problematic pornography use (PPU), few systematic comparisons of risk profiles have been conducted so far. Research on risk profiles can shed a bright light on our knowledge of both the early diagnosis and etiology of such highly prevalent disorders. Accordingly, the present study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the determinants of PPU. Methods: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched, and relevant English articles, including longitudinal and cross-sectional studies on risk factors published from January 2000 to February 2022 were reviewed. Findings: The determinants of PPU extracted from the investigated studies (n=66) were summarized and clustered into biological, psychological, and social categories. The findings indicated that ventral striatum activity is a consistent biological factor which plays a key role in the development of PPU, while there were other psychological factors influencing PPU as mentioned in several studies, including craving, low self-esteem, sexual arousal, coping styles, stress, frequent pornography watching, avoidance, negative beliefs, and emotional deficiency. In addition, the social factors affecting PPU have been reported to be male gender, age, religion, moral incompatibility, and loneliness. According to these results, the identified factors could be considered in preventive treatment. Conclusion: This systematic review provided a comprehensive overview of the biopsychosocial determinants of PPU by analyzing 66 articles mostly from Europe and North America. Most studies showed that ventral striatum activity, craving, self-esteem, stress, frequent pornography watching, gender, age, and religion are related to PPU.
背景:虽然一些研究已经调查了有问题的色情使用(PPU)的决定因素，但迄今为止还没有进行过风险概况的系统比较。对风险概况的研究可以为我们对这种高度流行疾病的早期诊断和病因学的了解提供光明。因此，本研究旨在全面概述PPU的决定因素。方法:系统检索Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed、PsycINFO等数据库，检索2000年1月至2022年2月发表的相关英文文献，包括纵向和横断面研究的危险因素。结果:从调查研究中提取的PPU的决定因素(n=66)被总结并聚集为生物、心理和社会类别。研究结果表明，腹侧纹状体活动是影响PPU发生的一个重要生物学因素，同时也存在一些研究中提到的影响PPU的心理因素，包括渴望、自卑、性唤起、应对方式、压力、频繁观看色情、回避、消极信念和情绪缺乏。此外，据报道，影响PPU的社会因素包括男性性别、年龄、宗教信仰、道德不相容和孤独。根据这些结果，确定的因素可以在预防治疗中考虑。结论:本系统综述通过分析主要来自欧洲和北美的66篇文章，对PPU的生物心理社会决定因素进行了全面概述。大多数研究表明腹侧纹状体活动、渴望、自尊、压力、频繁观看色情作品、性别、年龄和宗教与PPU有关。
{"title":"Biopsychosocial Determinants of Problematic Pornography Use: A Systematic Review","authors":"Seyed Iman Seyedzadeh Dalooyi, Hamidreza Aghamohammadian Sharbaaf, Mohammad Saeed Abdekhodaei, Ali Ghanaei Chamanabad","doi":"10.34172/ahj.2023.1395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahj.2023.1395","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although some studies have examined the determinants of problematic pornography use (PPU), few systematic comparisons of risk profiles have been conducted so far. Research on risk profiles can shed a bright light on our knowledge of both the early diagnosis and etiology of such highly prevalent disorders. Accordingly, the present study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the determinants of PPU. Methods: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched, and relevant English articles, including longitudinal and cross-sectional studies on risk factors published from January 2000 to February 2022 were reviewed. Findings: The determinants of PPU extracted from the investigated studies (n=66) were summarized and clustered into biological, psychological, and social categories. The findings indicated that ventral striatum activity is a consistent biological factor which plays a key role in the development of PPU, while there were other psychological factors influencing PPU as mentioned in several studies, including craving, low self-esteem, sexual arousal, coping styles, stress, frequent pornography watching, avoidance, negative beliefs, and emotional deficiency. In addition, the social factors affecting PPU have been reported to be male gender, age, religion, moral incompatibility, and loneliness. According to these results, the identified factors could be considered in preventive treatment. Conclusion: This systematic review provided a comprehensive overview of the biopsychosocial determinants of PPU by analyzing 66 articles mostly from Europe and North America. Most studies showed that ventral striatum activity, craving, self-esteem, stress, frequent pornography watching, gender, age, and religion are related to PPU.","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134920338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Bahram Nejad, Anahita Behzadi, Zakeih Ostad Ahmadi, Mohsen Barouni
Background: Suicide is a significant and growing concern in health systems worldwide. It is considered a crucial part of the comprehensive mental health action plan in every country. Kerman, one of the largest provinces of Iran with a relatively high population, has witnessed an increasing trend in this phenomenon, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in urban and rural areas of Kerman. Suicide data for 2018–2021 were acquired from the Psychosocial Health and Addiction Prevention Group of the Deputy for Health at Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The burden resulting from suicide during these years was measured using the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) index. Findings: During these four years, 23701 suicide attempts were recorded in Kerman, with 59% and 41% of the suicide attempts made by men and women, respectively, and 668 (2.82%) attempts leading to death. The highest rate (68%) was observed in the 15–29 age range and the lowest rate (1.1%) was seen in people older than 60. Poisoning (89.3% of the attempts) was the most common suicide method. The suicide burden in Kerman in 2021 was 4417 according to the DALY index, which is 162.6 per 100000 people; men and women endure 38% and 62% of this burden, respectively. The highest DALY rates were seen in the 15–29 and 30–44 age groups. Conclusion: The burden resulting from suicide highlights the necessity of taking immediate measures to prevent this behavior, especially among vulnerable groups.
{"title":"Determining the Burden of Suicidal Behaviors Using the DALY Approach: A Case Study in Iran (2018-2021)","authors":"Ali Bahram Nejad, Anahita Behzadi, Zakeih Ostad Ahmadi, Mohsen Barouni","doi":"10.34172/ahj.2023.1421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahj.2023.1421","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Suicide is a significant and growing concern in health systems worldwide. It is considered a crucial part of the comprehensive mental health action plan in every country. Kerman, one of the largest provinces of Iran with a relatively high population, has witnessed an increasing trend in this phenomenon, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in urban and rural areas of Kerman. Suicide data for 2018–2021 were acquired from the Psychosocial Health and Addiction Prevention Group of the Deputy for Health at Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The burden resulting from suicide during these years was measured using the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) index. Findings: During these four years, 23701 suicide attempts were recorded in Kerman, with 59% and 41% of the suicide attempts made by men and women, respectively, and 668 (2.82%) attempts leading to death. The highest rate (68%) was observed in the 15–29 age range and the lowest rate (1.1%) was seen in people older than 60. Poisoning (89.3% of the attempts) was the most common suicide method. The suicide burden in Kerman in 2021 was 4417 according to the DALY index, which is 162.6 per 100000 people; men and women endure 38% and 62% of this burden, respectively. The highest DALY rates were seen in the 15–29 and 30–44 age groups. Conclusion: The burden resulting from suicide highlights the necessity of taking immediate measures to prevent this behavior, especially among vulnerable groups.","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134920336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacqueline A Erler, Carl Hart, Christopher Medina-Kirchner
{"title":"Inappropriate Conclusions Regarding Neurotoxicity in Methadone and Methamphetamine Users","authors":"Jacqueline A Erler, Carl Hart, Christopher Medina-Kirchner","doi":"10.34172/ahj.2023.1376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahj.2023.1376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"521 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134919827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The present study aimed to identify the dimensions and components of developing an information therapy approach for clinical decisions on addiction in addiction treatment centers based on the opinions of thematic specialists in Iran using the fuzzy Delphi technique. Methods: This study was a qualitative one conducted using Delphi method on 20 researchers of addiction treatment in the areas of psychiatry, psychology, medicine, etc. Findings: The analysis of the data revealed 92 indicators in two dimensions, namely information dimension (health literacy) and treatment dimension (health services), each containing 6 components. The information dimension included acquiring information, identifying information, sharing information, raising awareness, information needs, and health knowledge, and the treatment dimension included patient satisfaction, information-seeking behaviors and skills, treatment methods and costs, participatory care and use of information, educational interventions, and disease prevention. Conclusion: Developing an information therapy approach in addiction treatment, as a cost-effective and low-cost method, is one of the cognitive strategies that can be used by officials to pave the way for health in this regard. This technique aims to improve the quality of medical services and care for addicts and is a suitable solution to meet their needs.
{"title":"Classifying the Factors Affecting Information Therapy to Support Clinical Decisions on Addiction","authors":"Sedigheh Mohammadesmaeil, Shiba Kianmehr","doi":"10.34172/ahj.2023.1325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahj.2023.1325","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study aimed to identify the dimensions and components of developing an information therapy approach for clinical decisions on addiction in addiction treatment centers based on the opinions of thematic specialists in Iran using the fuzzy Delphi technique. Methods: This study was a qualitative one conducted using Delphi method on 20 researchers of addiction treatment in the areas of psychiatry, psychology, medicine, etc. Findings: The analysis of the data revealed 92 indicators in two dimensions, namely information dimension (health literacy) and treatment dimension (health services), each containing 6 components. The information dimension included acquiring information, identifying information, sharing information, raising awareness, information needs, and health knowledge, and the treatment dimension included patient satisfaction, information-seeking behaviors and skills, treatment methods and costs, participatory care and use of information, educational interventions, and disease prevention. Conclusion: Developing an information therapy approach in addiction treatment, as a cost-effective and low-cost method, is one of the cognitive strategies that can be used by officials to pave the way for health in this regard. This technique aims to improve the quality of medical services and care for addicts and is a suitable solution to meet their needs.","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134919825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Tobacco use has become a modern-day epidemic which significantly impacts health, socioeconomic status, and environmental sustainability. The readiness to quit or stop using tobacco is a crucial first step in changing one’s behavior. Hence, the current study sought to assess the prevalence of willingness to quit and associated factors among tobacco users. Methods: This study was conducted on 425 tobacco users selected using multi-stage random sampling from the outpatient departments (OPDs) of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. A pre-designed, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to elicit information. Logistic regression was performed to assess the effect of independent factors on the willingness to quit. Findings: The mean age of the study participants was 39.37 years (S.D.=±12.99). The majority of the participants were male (400, 94.1%), and 25 (6.9%) were female. Overall, the prevalence of willingness to quit in the current study was 70% among the study participants. The results of the multivariable analysis showed that those belonging to urban areas, tobacco users with a duration of≤10 years, and those who received advice from a doctor to quit had a significantly higher willingness to quit than their counterparts. However, age, gender, marital status, education, religion, age of initiation of tobacco use, and nicotine dependence were not found to have a statistically significant relationship with the willingness to quit tobacco products. Conclusion: Willingness to quit was high among the study participants. The data in this study suggested that belonging to urban areas, duration of tobacco use, and doctor’s advice to quit are important factors which need to be considered when framing future tobacco cessation programs.
{"title":"Willingness to Quit and Associated Factors Among Tobacco Users Attending Outpatient Departments of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Delhi, India","authors":"Mohit Goyal, Anita Khokhar, Shveta Lukhmana, Aninda Debnath, Namita Srivastava","doi":"10.34172/ahj.2023.1444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahj.2023.1444","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tobacco use has become a modern-day epidemic which significantly impacts health, socioeconomic status, and environmental sustainability. The readiness to quit or stop using tobacco is a crucial first step in changing one’s behavior. Hence, the current study sought to assess the prevalence of willingness to quit and associated factors among tobacco users. Methods: This study was conducted on 425 tobacco users selected using multi-stage random sampling from the outpatient departments (OPDs) of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. A pre-designed, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to elicit information. Logistic regression was performed to assess the effect of independent factors on the willingness to quit. Findings: The mean age of the study participants was 39.37 years (S.D.=±12.99). The majority of the participants were male (400, 94.1%), and 25 (6.9%) were female. Overall, the prevalence of willingness to quit in the current study was 70% among the study participants. The results of the multivariable analysis showed that those belonging to urban areas, tobacco users with a duration of≤10 years, and those who received advice from a doctor to quit had a significantly higher willingness to quit than their counterparts. However, age, gender, marital status, education, religion, age of initiation of tobacco use, and nicotine dependence were not found to have a statistically significant relationship with the willingness to quit tobacco products. Conclusion: Willingness to quit was high among the study participants. The data in this study suggested that belonging to urban areas, duration of tobacco use, and doctor’s advice to quit are important factors which need to be considered when framing future tobacco cessation programs.","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134920334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Investigating the temporal variations and forecasting the trends in drug-related deaths can help prevent health problems and develop intervention programs. The recent policy in Iran is strongly focused on deterring drug use and replacing illicit drugs with legal ones. This study aimed to investigate drug-related deaths in Iran in 2014-2016 and forecast the death toll by 2019. Methods: In this longitudinal study, Box-Jenkins time series analysis was used to forecast drug-related deaths. To this end, monthly counts of drug-related deaths were obtained from March 2014 to March 2017. After data processing, to obtain stationary time series and examine the stability assumption with the Dickey-Fuller test, the parameters of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) model were determined using autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) graphs. Based on Akaike statistics, ARIMA (0, 1, 1) was selected as the best-fit model. Moreover, the Dickey-Fuller test was used to confirm the stationarity of the time series of transformed observations. The forecasts were made for the next 36 months using the ARIMA (0,1,2) model and the same confidence intervals were applied to all months. The final extracted data were analyzed using R software, Minitab, and SPSS-23. Findings: According to the Iranian Ministry of Health and the Legal Medicine Organization, there were 8883 drug-related deaths in Iran from March 2014 to March 2017. According to the time series findings, this count had an upward trend and did not show any seasonal pattern. It was forecasted that the mean drug-related mortality rate in Iran would be 245.8 cases per month until 2019. Conclusion: This study showed a rising trend in drug-related mortality rates during the study period, and the modeling process for forecasting suggested this trend would continue until 2019 if proper interventions were not instituted.
{"title":"Time Series Modeling and Forecasting of Drug-Related Deaths in Iran (2014-2016)","authors":"Mehran Zarghami, Omid Kharazmi, Abbas Alipour, Masoudeh Babakhanian, Ardeshr Khosravi, Seyyed Davood Mirtorabi","doi":"10.34172/ahj.2023.1277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahj.2023.1277","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Investigating the temporal variations and forecasting the trends in drug-related deaths can help prevent health problems and develop intervention programs. The recent policy in Iran is strongly focused on deterring drug use and replacing illicit drugs with legal ones. This study aimed to investigate drug-related deaths in Iran in 2014-2016 and forecast the death toll by 2019. Methods: In this longitudinal study, Box-Jenkins time series analysis was used to forecast drug-related deaths. To this end, monthly counts of drug-related deaths were obtained from March 2014 to March 2017. After data processing, to obtain stationary time series and examine the stability assumption with the Dickey-Fuller test, the parameters of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) model were determined using autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) graphs. Based on Akaike statistics, ARIMA (0, 1, 1) was selected as the best-fit model. Moreover, the Dickey-Fuller test was used to confirm the stationarity of the time series of transformed observations. The forecasts were made for the next 36 months using the ARIMA (0,1,2) model and the same confidence intervals were applied to all months. The final extracted data were analyzed using R software, Minitab, and SPSS-23. Findings: According to the Iranian Ministry of Health and the Legal Medicine Organization, there were 8883 drug-related deaths in Iran from March 2014 to March 2017. According to the time series findings, this count had an upward trend and did not show any seasonal pattern. It was forecasted that the mean drug-related mortality rate in Iran would be 245.8 cases per month until 2019. Conclusion: This study showed a rising trend in drug-related mortality rates during the study period, and the modeling process for forecasting suggested this trend would continue until 2019 if proper interventions were not instituted.","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134919826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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