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EXPLORING THE TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP & ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH TEACHERS’ MOTIVATION 探索交易型领导及其与教师积极性的关系
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.53664/jsrd/05-01-2024-01-01-12
Khalid Mehboob, Umar Ali Khan, Liaquat Hussain
This study investigated the correlation between transactional leadership and teachers' motivation at university level, focusing on two public sector universities hailing from Punjab (BZ University, Multan, Islamia University Bahawalpur) and two universities from the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan and University of Science and Technology Bannu). With a total population of 1477 teachers, a sample of 147 teachers was selected using Gay's (1987) recommendation of 10% sample size. Data was gathered through questionnaires, a commonly used tool in the social sciences, particularly in education (Taherdoost, 2016). Descriptive statistics such as mean and percentage were employed, alongside the inferential statistics including correlation, t-tests, and ANOVA. Findings indicated a significant relationship between transactional leadership and teachers' motivation at the university level. The results are significant and offered some recommendations to policy-makers along with certain clues for the future researchers about the application of transactional leadership in the higher institutions.
本研究以旁遮普省的两所公立大学(木尔坦的 BZ 大学和巴哈瓦尔布尔的伊斯兰大学)和开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省的两所大学(德拉伊斯梅尔汗的戈马尔大学和班努的科学技术大学)为研究对象,调查了交易型领导与大学教师激励之间的相关性。根据盖伊(Gay,1987 年)提出的 10%样本量的建议,在 1477 名教师中选取了 147 名教师作为样本。数据通过问卷调查收集,问卷调查是社会科学,尤其是教育领域常用的工具(Taherdoost,2016 年)。除了相关性、t 检验和方差分析等推论性统计外,还采用了平均值和百分比等描述性统计。研究结果表明,在大学层面,交易型领导与教师的积极性之间存在着重要关系。研究结果意义重大,为政策制定者提供了一些建议,也为未来的研究人员提供了在高等院校中应用交易型领导力的一些线索。
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引用次数: 0
THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEM & INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCES: MEDIATING ROLE OF VOICE OPPORTUNITY 高绩效工作系统与创新绩效:发言机会的中介作用
Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.53664/jsrd/04-04-2023-01-656-668
Kamran Nawaz, Hamid Khan
In the context of higher education institutions in KP, Pakistan, this study examines complex relationship between High-Performance Work Systems (HPWS), employees' innovative performance, and mediating role of voice opportunity. For this purpose, a sample size of 304 academic members from was chosen universities. Results highlighted standing of giving employees a platform to communicate their thoughts and opinions and validate the mediating function of voice opportunity in the relationship between HPWS and employees' innovative performance. Study shows that HPWS adoption has a beneficial impact upon employees' inventive performance. Moreover, voice opportunity serves as the critical mediating factor, highlighting the significance of an atmosphere at work that is supportive of the employee engagement and feedback. The findings offer significant perspectives for academic administrators and legislators, for cultivating an environment at work towards inventive output. It also provides useful recommendations for maximizing innovative capacities in the KP, Pakistan's higher education sector.
本研究以巴基斯坦 KP 省的高等教育机构为背景,探讨了高绩效工作系统(HPWS)、员工创新绩效之间的复杂关系以及发言机会的中介作用。为此,研究选取了 304 名来自各大学的学术人员作为样本。研究结果表明,为员工提供交流想法和意见的平台具有重要意义,并验证了发言机会在高效能工作系统与员工创新绩效之间的中介作用。研究表明,采用 HPWS 对员工的创新绩效具有有利影响。此外,发表意见的机会是关键的中介因素,凸显了支持员工参与和反馈的工作氛围的重要性。研究结果为学术管理者和立法者提供了重要的视角,有助于营造有利于创造性产出的工作环境。研究还为巴基斯坦高等教育部门最大限度地提高创新能力提供了有益的建议。
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引用次数: 0
UNLOCKING THE GROWTH IN DEVELOPING NATION: THE PIVOTAL ROLE AND MULTIFACETED BENEFITS OF SMEs IN PAKISTAN 开启发展中国家的增长之门:巴基斯坦中小型企业的关键作用和多方面收益
Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.53664/jsrd/04-04-2023-04-697-711
Zaryab Kubra Naqvi, Abid Hussain, Sujawal Hussain
There’s nothing wrong with staying small. You can do big things with small team. It is impossible to overstate the significance of the role that small and medium-sized businesses play in emerging countries. Due to fact that small and medium firms account for 40% of the country's GDP, Pakistan is nation that is making progress in the area of small and medium enterprises. Even at a low level, innovation in manufacturing firms has the potential to bring about improvements in performance of enterprises. A number of factors, include financial resources, human capital, strategic leadership, regulatory environment, risk tolerance, consumer feedback & technological adoption, all play a part in determining the function that the innovation plays in this context. The strategies of random sampling that were utilized in order to acquire data from the managers and businesses of manufacturing concerns in Lahore, Pakistan. The study offered significant information and thus, by keeping a close check on innovation diffusion theory, this study will advise and assist the organization in paying attention towards the innovation. It will also help policymakers to better understand applicability of required innovation.
保持小规模没有错。小团队也能办大事。中小型企业在新兴国家所发挥的作用无论怎样强调都不为过。巴基斯坦的中小型企业占该国国内生产总值的 40%,因此该国在中小型企业领域正在取得进展。即使在较低水平上,制造业企业的创新也有可能改善企业的业绩。包括财政资源、人力资本、战略领导力、监管环境、风险承受能力、消费者反馈和技术采用在内的一系列因素,都对创新在其中发挥的作用起着决定性作用。为了从巴基斯坦拉合尔制造业企业的管理者和企业中获取数据,采用了随机抽样的策略。本研究提供了重要信息,因此,通过密切关注创新扩散理论,本研究将建议和帮助组织关注创新。它还将帮助决策者更好地理解所需创新的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
PREDICTION OF TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE THROUGH LEADERSHIP STYLES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS 通过领导风格预测高等院校教师的绩效
Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.53664/jsrd/04-04-2023-03-686-696
Irfan Ullah Khan, Farhat Ullah Khan, Asad Ali Khan
This article aimed to predict the teachers’ performance through leadership styles in developing countries like Pakistan. For this purpose, the survey approach was used by collecting data from the head of department and teachers hailing from southern region HEIs, KP, Pakistan. Correlation and regression analysis were sued to examine association and cause-&-effect relationships that were validate through results from previous studies from literature. Teachers’ performance was predicted by assessing its association and impact with the transformational and transactional leadership styles. Results offered significant information in reaching conclusion and making decisions. It was concluded that significant association and impacts were found through SPSS. It was decided that leadership styles have significant association and impact on teachers’ performance in the higher educational context in Pakistani perspective. The study suggest that transformational leadership is more effective in predicting performances than transactional leadership style. The results offer significant clues for future researchers to conduct further studies.
本文旨在通过领导风格预测巴基斯坦等发展中国家教师的绩效。为此,本文采用了调查方法,从巴基斯坦 KP 省南部地区高等院校的系主任和教师那里收集数据。研究采用了相关分析和回归分析法,以检验通过以往文献研究结果验证的关联和因果关系。通过评估教师绩效与变革型领导风格和交易型领导风格之间的关联和影响,对教师绩效进行了预测。研究结果为得出结论和做出决策提供了重要信息。结论是,通过 SPSS 发现了重要的关联和影响。从巴基斯坦高等教育的角度看,领导风格对教师的绩效具有重要的关联和影响。研究表明,变革型领导比交易型领导更能有效地预测教师的绩效。研究结果为今后研究人员开展进一步研究提供了重要线索。
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引用次数: 0
ADAPTING TO CYBERSECURITY CHALLENGES: ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AGAINST CYBER TERRORISM 适应网络安全挑战:评估国际法在打击网络恐怖主义方面的效力
Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.53664/jsrd/04-04-2023-02-669-685
Syed Mohaddas Mahboob, Syed Shair Abbas, Iftikhar Ahmed Shaheen
The study critically examines current condition of global rule in resolving the developing hazard of cyber terrorism. The research dives right into the complexities and problems posed by cyber terrorism as well as reviews the effectiveness of existing lawful platforms in responding to this progressing threat. Employing a diverse series of academic jobs, the study investigates the requirements for brand-new global lawful frameworks, developments in cybercrime inspection as well as digital forensics, as well as the function of surfacing modern technologies in rule administration. Also, the report stresses the significance of enhancing global cyber resilience and response abilities by means of worldwide teamwork and collaboration. The study's searching highlights varied attributes of cyber violence and demand for a complete, collaborated, and international reaction to fight this threat. The analysis uses valuable knowledge right into advancement of brand-new lawful platforms, technologies in cybercrime examination & enlargement of global cyber resilience to deal with problems positioned through cyber terrorism.
该研究批判性地审视了当前全球解决网络恐怖主义危害的规则状况。研究深入探讨了网络恐怖主义带来的复杂性和问题,并审查了现有法律平台在应对这一不断发展的威胁方面的有效性。通过一系列不同的学术工作,该研究调查了对全新全球法律框架的要求、网络犯罪检查和数字取证的发展,以及现代技术在规则管理中的作用。此外,报告还强调了通过全球团队合作来提高全球网络复原力和响应能力的重要性。研究报告的搜索重点强调了网络暴力的各种属性,并要求采取全面、协作和国际化的应对措施来消除这一威胁。分析报告利用对全新法律平台的发展、网络犯罪检测技术和全球网络复原力的提升等方面的宝贵知识,来应对网络恐怖主义带来的问题。
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引用次数: 0
THE EFFECTS OF CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES UPON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS IN PAKISTAN 课外活动对巴基斯坦学生学习成绩的影响
Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.53664/jsrd/04-04-2023-05-712-718
Shakila Bibi, Abdul Basit, Mudassir Hussain
Involvement in co-curricular activities affects the academic performance of the students. Many studies have been carried out revealing the fact that co-curricular activities certainly affect academic achievement of students. The study was descriptive and all government girls’ secondary schools in were taken as samples by applying John Curry sample rule of thumb. The objectives of the study were to know the awareness, trends, and effects of stakeholders regarding co-curricular activities (communication skills) at the secondary school level. Data were collected through a questionnaire of a 5-point Likert scale. The collected data were statistically analyzed over SPSS by using the percentage, mean, standard deviation, and correlation. The conclusions were drawn which revealed that co-curricular activities have positive effects on students' academic achievement. Some suggestions were drawn for government of the time, education department, policy and decision-makers, school staff, parents and other students to support schools in all co-curricular activities to promote the students' quality education in Pakistan.
参与课外活动会影响学生的学习成绩。许多研究表明,课外活动肯定会影响学生的学业成绩。本研究为描述性研究,采用约翰-库里抽样经验法则,以所有公立女子中学为样本。研究的目的是了解利益相关者对中学联合课程活动(沟通技巧)的认识、趋势和影响。数据是通过 5 点李克特量表问卷收集的。收集到的数据通过 SPSS 进行了统计分析,使用了百分比、平均值、标准偏差和相关性。得出的结论显示,课外活动对学生的学业成绩有积极影响。研究还为当时的政府、教育部门、政策和决策者、学校教职员工、家长和其他学生提出了一些建议,以支持学校开展各种联合课程活动,促进巴基斯坦学生的素质教育。
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引用次数: 0
EXAMINING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION BETWEEN PUBLIC & PEF SCHOOLS AT ELEMENTARY LEVEL IN SOUTHERN PUNAB 研究普纳布南部公立和私立小学的教育质量
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.53664/jsrd/04-03-2023-08-622-631
Zohaib Ahmad, Shaista Noreen, Uzma Munawar
The study was designed to analyze the quality of education between public and PEF School at elementary level in southern Punjab. Main objective of the study was: To identify standard of quality education between Public and PEF school: To compare the quality of education between Public and PEF school. This research was quantitative and descriptive in nature. The target population was 120 Public & PEF elementary schools in five districts (Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, Multan, Rahim Yar Khan & Lodhran) of the southern Punjab. A sample size of 410 respondents was used over random sampling techniques. The results of study provide significant information in reaching the conclusion. The study concluded that Public & PEF schools also provides teacher training programs to enhance the skills of teachers. The training programs provided by public and PEF schools have helped the concerned teachers to improve their teaching techniques, resulting in the better learning experience for the students. Therefore, it is essential to continue evaluating their efforts to ensure that all children have access to quality education.
本研究旨在分析旁遮普省南部公立小学和私立小学的教育质量。研究的主要目的是确定公立学校和 PEF 学校的教育质量标准:比较公立学校和 PEF 学校的教育质量。本研究为定量描述性研究。研究对象为旁遮普省南部五个县(巴哈瓦尔布尔、巴哈瓦尔纳加尔、木尔坦、拉希姆亚尔汗和洛德兰)的 120 所公立和私立教育基金小学。采用随机抽样技术抽取了 410 名受访者。研究结果为得出结论提供了重要信息。研究认为,公立学校和私立学校也提供教师培训计划,以提高教师的技能。公立和私立教育基金学校提供的培训计划帮助相关教师提高了教学技巧,从而为学生带来了更好的学习体验。因此,必须继续评估他们的努力,以确保所有儿童都能获得优质教育。
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引用次数: 0
A HOLISTIC SCENE DISPLACEMENT TO RESETTLEMENT: RESETTLER’S BEHAVIOR ADAPTABILITY AND INNER MOTIVATION: THE MIND ACCEPTS WHEN LIVES ARE SECURE 从流离失所到重新安置的整体场景:重新安置者的行为适应性和内在动机:生活有保障,思想才会接受
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.53664/jsrd/04-03-2023-10-644-655
Muhammad Jahangir Ashraf, Adnan Ghani, Muhammad Irfan Khan
The human mind works on a pattern when he is living in a smooth pattern of his life. The role of behavior in case of resettlement cannot be neglected. This study investigated the resettler’s life well-being, inner motivation, and acceptability of their behavior. This study has been conducted on the affected people due to the Ghazi Barotha Hydro Power project in Pakistan. This data was collected from the 465 affected people who were relocated at different places through a questionnaire utilizing the survey approach. The random sampling techniques used, theoretical development drawn on the basis of the literature review, which was later tested by applying the positivism philosophy, The results of this study indicated that if physical and psychological needs and demands of the relocated are met, and along with inner motivation, their adaptability and acceptability of resettlement move in a positive direction. The objectives of studies were met, and this will be further helpful for policymakers, stakeholders, project authorities, and researchers.
当人生活在一种平稳的生活模式中时,他的思维就会按照一种模式运作。行为在移民安置中的作用不容忽视。本研究调查了重新安置者的生活幸福感、内在动机及其行为的可接受性。本研究的对象是巴基斯坦加齐-巴罗塔水电站项目的受影响人群。数据是通过调查问卷的方式从 465 名被安置在不同地方的受灾人口中收集的。研究结果表明,如果搬迁者的生理和心理需求得到满足,再加上内在动力,他们对重新安置的适应性和接受度将朝着积极的方向发展。研究目标已经实现,这将进一步帮助政策制定者、利益相关者、项目当局和研究人员。
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引用次数: 0
DYNAMICS OF DECISION-MAKING: FINANCIAL & HERDING BEHAVIOR EFFECTS ON RETAIL INVESTORS' INVESTMENT CHOICES: THE MODERATED MEDIATION APPROACH 决策动态:金融和羊群行为对散户投资者投资选择的影响:中介调节法
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.53664/jsrd/04-03-2023-07-609-621
Muhammad Mansoor, Aamir Sohail, Nida Syed
The aim of this study is to investigate the intricate relationship between financial behavior, financial literacy, herding behavior, risk perception, and investment decision-making in specific environment of Pakistan Stock Exchange. To achieve the intended objective, study approach using cross-sectional design was used. A sample of 250 participants was selected in conventional financial institutions situated in Lahore. The data collecting procedure included the implementation of structured survey that used a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis used PLS-SEM. The results of study revealed statistically significant relationship between financial behaviors and both financial literacy and investment decision-making along with other desired relations. The results of mediation research suggest that there is a mediating effect of financial literacy on associations between financial behavior, herding behavior & investment decision-making. Research has shown moderating effects that indicate presence of external variables that influence association amid financial behavior & decision-making process in investing activities.
本研究旨在调查巴基斯坦证券交易所特定环境下的金融行为、金融知识、羊群行为、风险意识和投资决策之间的复杂关系。为实现预期目标,本研究采用了横截面设计的研究方法。在拉合尔的传统金融机构中选取了 250 名参与者作为样本。数据收集程序包括采用五点李克特量表进行结构化调查。数据分析采用 PLS-SEM。研究结果表明,金融行为与金融知识和投资决策以及其他预期关系之间存在统计意义上的显著关系。中介研究结果表明,金融知识对金融行为、羊群行为和投资决策之间的关联存在中介效应。研究表明,中介效应表明存在外部变量影响金融行为与投资活动决策过程之间的关联。
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引用次数: 0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS’ OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND LIFE SATISFACTION: THE ROLE OF RESILIENCE 教师职业压力与生活满意度之间的关系:复原力的作用
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.53664/jsrd/04-03-2023-09-632-643
Irfan Ullah Khan, Farhat Ullah Khan, Y. H. Mughal
The present study examined the impact of occupational stress on the life-satisfaction with mediating role of resilience in context of higher education institutions. To explore the effect of employees’ resilience in connecting the occupational stress and life satisfaction, the data were collected through convenient sampling from higher educational institutions teachers over a structured questionnaire and were analyzed statistically by using different tools as per the nature and requirements of study. The data analysis reveals that life satisfaction is important for the teachers to improve their living standards. The findings of study revealed significant association between predictor, mediation, and criterion variables whereas teachers’ resilience shows the mediating effect through full mediation. Therefore, the results are significant and offer new insights to existing database of knowledge as well as brings forth valuable suggestions to policymakers. Additionally, the recommendations of current study offer new research avenues to better understand the issues related to occupational stress and life satisfaction in different contexts.
本研究以高等教育机构为背景,探讨了职业压力对生活满意度的影响以及复原力的中介作用。为了探究员工的抗压能力对职业压力和生活满意度的影响,本研究通过结构化问卷从高等院校教师中方便地抽样收集数据,并根据研究的性质和要求使用不同的工具对数据进行统计分析。数据分析显示,生活满意度对教师提高生活水平非常重要。研究结果表明,预测变量、中介变量和标准变量之间存在显着关联,而教师的复原力通过完全中介显示出中介效应。因此,研究结果意义重大,为现有知识库提供了新的见解,也为政策制定者提出了宝贵建议。此外,本研究的建议为更好地理解不同背景下与职业压力和生活满意度相关的问题提供了新的研究途径。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Social Research Development
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