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A Qualitative Approach to Children Ideas About Dreams and Mind 以定性方法研究儿童关于梦想和心灵的想法
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.56734/ijahss.v5n7a1
Adrián Medina Liberty
Children's understanding of dreams as mental states was examined as an instance of their development of a mind in general. Ten children between three and nine years of age were interviewed to determine how well they understood the location, privacy, and origin of their own dreams and mind. Findings revealed significant age increases in dream and mind understanding. Results show that young children (3 to 5-years-old) experienced short dreams related to specific actions such as run, jump, or video games. Older children (7 to 8-years.old), however, report more complex dreams and twice as many dreams as younger children; more importantly, their role in dreams becomes more active. Data also show how children’s conceptions about private processes are not static but evolved with age in somehow predictable sequences as Kohlberg stated years ago (1969).
研究将儿童对梦境作为精神状态的理解作为他们一般心智发展的一个实例。我们对十名三至九岁的儿童进行了访谈,以确定他们对自己的梦和心灵的位置、隐私和起源的理解程度。调查结果显示,不同年龄段的儿童对梦境和思维的理解能力有明显提高。结果显示,幼儿(3 至 5 岁)会做与特定动作(如跑、跳或电子游戏)有关的短梦。然而,年龄较大的儿童(7 至 8 岁)报告的梦境更为复杂,梦的数量是年龄较小的儿童的两倍;更重要的是,他们在梦中的角色变得更为积极。数据还显示,正如科尔伯格(Kohlberg)多年前(1969 年)所说的那样,儿童对私人过程的概念并非一成不变,而是随着年龄的增长以某种可预测的顺序发展的。
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引用次数: 0
Online Dating in The U.S. During This Politically Divided Time: Association Among Political Affiliation, Gender Role Beliefs, And Partner Preferences 政治分裂时期的美国网上约会:政治派别、性别角色观念和伴侣偏好之间的关联
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.56734/ijahss.v5n7a3
James T. Gresh, Michiko Iwasaki, Diana Betz, Jeffrey M. Lating, Raiannamei Elad
While there has been a surge in popularity of online dating, the current polarized political climate in the U.S. may influence how online daters select a desired partner. The present study examined the relation between political affiliation, partner preferences, and gender beliefs with a sample of 373 online dating users. Democrats (n = 196) showed stronger preference for an intimate partner of the same party compared to Republicans (n = 90). Democrats (particularly women) also identified that having a different political affiliation as a deal-breaker more so than Republicans. Regarding gender role beliefs, Republicans (particularly men) showed significantly higher traditional gender role beliefs than Democrats. However, gender-based differences were not observed among Democrats; both Democratic men and women showed equally less traditional gender role beliefs compared to Republican women and men. Implications for dating prospects, particularly for Republican men, are discussed.
虽然网上交友的受欢迎程度急剧上升,但美国当前两极分化的政治气候可能会影响网上交友者选择理想伴侣的方式。本研究以 373 名在线约会用户为样本,研究了政治派别、伴侣偏好和性别观念之间的关系。与共和党人(90 人)相比,民主党人(196 人)对同党亲密伴侣的偏好更高。与共和党人相比,民主党人(尤其是女性)更认为政治派别不同会破坏交易。在性别角色观念方面,共和党人(尤其是男性)的传统性别角色观念明显高于民主党人。然而,在民主党人中没有观察到性别差异;与共和党男女相比,民主党男女的传统性别角色观念同样较低。本文讨论了这对约会前景的影响,尤其是对共和党男性的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Poetics of Intracellular and Extracellular Water: A Biophysical Consideration of Black Feminist Thought 细胞内和细胞外水的诗学:黑人女性主义思想的生物物理学思考
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.56734/ijahss.v5n7a5
NingLi Loken
Poetics is the articulation of aliveness to the extent that it may be written (Quashie, 2021). It is the approximated space that engages the figuring of one’s existence in relationality. This rhetoric of being and belonging in relationality supposes that individualism is death in a world that opposes life (Quashie, 2021). Aliveness is the possibility that movement might happen, the force of an alive being. When informed by the forces of fear and degradation, one may be faced with a choice to accept or refuse. In the act of refusing, the potential for something more than the world’s divisions hangs in the air. The world is full of fluid existence--being. In the Western scheme of hierarchy and subordination, the categorical devaluation of some beings over others is dictated by the dominant and empowered (Wilkerson, 2020; Wynter, 2003). Poetry poses another way, even the possibility of becoming and undoing (Quashie, 2021). Philosopher Sylvia Wynter suggests that the world needs a new universal way of being, a mode of experiencing in which every form of life is beholden to one another (Wynter & Scott, 2000). Through linguistic loopholes and words of world-making, poetics is the development of theory (Gumbs, 2020). It is an investigation of what is possible and might be.
诗学是生命力的表述,它可以被书写(Quashie,2021 年)。诗学是一个近似的空间,在关系性中体现一个人的存在。这种在关系性中存在和归属的修辞假定,在一个反对生命的世界中,个人主义就是死亡(Quashie, 2021)。活力是运动发生的可能性,是有生命的存在的力量。当被恐惧和堕落的力量告知时,人们可能会面临接受或拒绝的选择。在拒绝的过程中,可能会有比世界的分裂更多的东西悬而未决。世界充满了流动的存在--存在。在西方的等级制度和从属关系中,支配者和被授权者决定了某些生命对另一些生命的绝对贬低(Wilkerson, 2020; Wynter, 2003)。诗歌提出了另一种方式,甚至是成与败的可能性(Quashie,2021 年)。哲学家西尔维亚-温特(Sylvia Wynter)认为,世界需要一种新的普遍存在方式,一种每种生命形式都相互依存的体验模式(Wynter & Scott, 2000)。通过语言漏洞和创造世界的话语,诗学是理论的发展(Gumbs,2020 年)。它是对什么是可能的和可能是什么的研究。
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引用次数: 0
From Tradition to Innovation: The Incorporation of Trumpet in Bɔbɔɔbɔ (Borborbor) Dance of The Ewe People 从传统到创新:将小号融入 Bɔbɔbɔ(Borborbor)埃维人舞蹈中
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.56734/ijahss.v5n7a4
Divine Kwasi Gbagbo, John- Doe Dordzro
This article explores the emergence and evolution of bɔbɔɔbɔ (borborbor), a distinctive Ewe dance that originated in mid 20th century British Togoland (now the Volta Region of Ghana) and French Togoland (now Togo). Initially rooted in traditional kokomba dance forms, particularly tuidzi and akpese, bɔbɔɔbɔ rapidly integrated European military brass band instruments, notably the bugle and later the trumpet, influenced by the burgeoning popular music genre of highlife in Ghana. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in Ewe communities in Ghana, this paper examines the transformative role of the trumpet within bɔbɔɔbɔ ensembles. It investigates how the trumpet’s adoption led to its unique interpretative functions, including improvised obbligatos, sampling of familiar tunes, and enhancing the rhythmic and percussive dynamics of performances. Ultimately, this study illuminates the process of indigenization of the trumpet within bɔbɔɔbɔ, highlighting themes of adoption, assimilation, and reinterpretation in the evolution of this vibrant musical tradition
本文探讨 bɔbɔbɔ(borborbor)的出现和演变,这是一种独特的埃维族舞蹈,起源于 20 世纪中期英属多哥兰(今加纳沃尔特地区)和法属多哥兰(今多哥)。本文以在加纳埃维人社区进行的人种学研究为基础,探讨了小号在 bɔbɔb 乐队中的变革作用。本研究探讨了小号的采用如何导致其独特的演绎功能,包括即兴的obbligatos、熟悉曲调的采样,以及增强表演的节奏和打击乐动态。最终,本研究阐明了小号在 bɔbɔbɔ 中的本土化过程,突出了在这一充满活力的音乐传统演变过程中采用、同化和重新诠释的主题。
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引用次数: 0
German Art of the 19th Century through the Lens of The Greek Literary Magazine Kleiō (Clio): Academic Formalism Versus Modernism 从希腊文学杂志《克莱奥》(Kleiō)看 19 世纪德国艺术:学术形式主义与现代主义
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.56734/ijahss.v5n7a2
Vasiliki Chrysovitsanou, Christina Palaiologou
We examine the work of 19th-century German painters as presented in the Greek-language magazine Kleiō published in Germany in the late 19th century. Through an extensive catalogue of paintings, the article highlights the themes that preoccupied German painters during this period. It places particular emphasis on their approach, aesthetic preferences, the decisive role played by the Academies of Fine Arts, and their attitudes towards the modern movements developing in France during the 19th century. It explores the reasons for which Kleiō magazine promoted academic German painting to its Greek readership. It reports the particularly close relations between Greece and Germany during this period and the fact that many Greek painters completed their studies at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts. Since for most of the 19th century, Germany was deeply influenced by the achievements of ancient Greek art, many German painters opposed modernism, instead upholding what they perceived to be the values and ideals of classical antiquity integrating them into German art
我们研究了 19 世纪末在德国出版的希腊文杂志《Kleiō》中介绍的 19 世纪德国画家的作品。文章通过大量画作目录,突出了这一时期德国画家所关注的主题。文章特别强调了他们的创作方法、审美偏好、美术学院发挥的决定性作用以及他们对 19 世纪法国现代运动的态度。该书探讨了《Kleiō》杂志向希腊读者推广德国学术绘画的原因。它报道了这一时期希腊与德国之间特别密切的关系,以及许多希腊画家在慕尼黑美术学院完成学业的事实。在 19 世纪的大部分时间里,德国深受古希腊艺术成就的影响,因此许多德国画家反对现代主义,而是坚持他们所认为的古典古代的价值观和理想,并将其融入德国艺术中。
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引用次数: 0
Conceptual and Total Vocabulary in Spanish-English Bilinguals from 23 to 35 Months: Assessing Vocabulary Among Young, Migrant Emergent Bilingual Children 23 至 35 个月大的西英双语儿童的概念词汇量和总词汇量:评估初学双语的年轻移民儿童的词汇量
Pub Date : 2024-05-05 DOI: 10.56734/ijahss.v5n5a5
Rica Ramírez
Migrant and seasonal agriculture workers, mostly of Latino origin, largely supply the labor that goes into crop production, cultivation, and harvest in the agricultural industry in the United States. A major challenge of this population is having stable childcare and access to quality education services for their children. Unfortunately, most assessments overlook the various aspects of emergent bilingual children’s development, leading to underestimation of their conceptual understandings and linguistic skills. This calls for a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to assessment. Three scoring methods have been identified as the most appropriate ways to score linguistic capabilities in bilingual children: single-language scoring, total scoring, and conceptual scoring (Bedore et al., 2005; Core et al., 2013). Each method presents advantages and disadvantages and is used according to the questions being asked. This longitudinal study aims to (1) compare total vocabulary and conceptual vocabulary in a group of two-year-old emergent bilingual children across time, (2) compare total and conceptual vocabulary with normed monolingual performance on a single-language measure across time using total and conceptual scoring methods, and (3) to determine which method of assessing vocabulary in two languages is most appropriate for two-year-old migrant bilingual children. Eight emergent bilingual children (50% female; Age: Time 1: M = 23.25 months, SD = 3.34) attending the Migrant and Seasonal Head Start (MSHS) or Redlands Christian Migrant Association (RMCA) were assessed using the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory at three timepoints. Results showed that children’s total vocabulary scores were larger than their conceptual vocabulary scores and when comparing to monolingual norms their total scores were larger than their conceptual scores. Implications and recommendations will be discussed further.
移民和季节性农业工人大多来自拉丁裔,他们为美国农业产业的作物生产、种植和收获提供了大量劳动力。这一群体面临的一个主要挑战是如何为他们的子女提供稳定的托儿服务和优质的教育服务。遗憾的是,大多数评估忽略了新兴双语儿童发展的各个方面,导致低估了他们的概念理解和语言技能。这就需要一种更加全面和包容的评估方法。有三种评分方法被认为是对双语儿童的语言能力进行评分的最合适方法:单语评分法、总评分法和概念评分法(Bedore 等人,2005 年;Core 等人,2013 年)。每种方法都有优缺点,并根据提出的问题来使用。本纵向研究的目的是:(1)比较一组两岁新兴双语儿童的总词汇量和概念词汇量;(2)比较总词汇量和概念词汇量与使用总评分法和概念评分法进行单语测量的标准单语成绩;(3)确定哪种评估两种语言词汇量的方法最适合两岁移民双语儿童。研究人员在三个时间点使用麦克阿瑟-贝茨交际发展量表(MacArthur-Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory)对八名就读于移民和季节性启蒙学校(MSHS)或雷德兰兹基督教移民协会(RMCA)的新兴双语儿童(50%为女性;年龄:时间1:中=23.25个月,标差=3.34)进行了评估。结果显示,儿童的词汇总分大于其概念词汇得分,与单语标准相比,儿童的词汇总分大于其概念词汇得分。我们将进一步讨论其影响和建议。
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引用次数: 0
“God of One Blood”: Deeds of Manumission in The Counties of Accomack, Northampton, Norfolk, and Elizabeth City, Virginia (1785-1824) "同一血脉的上帝":弗吉尼亚州阿科马克郡、北安普顿郡、诺福克郡和伊丽莎白城的契约(1785-1824 年)
Pub Date : 2024-05-05 DOI: 10.56734/ijahss.v5n5a2
Gloria Ann Whittico
When considering the analytical framework of chattel slavery in the history of this nation, its history has been written in laws, constitutional amendments, cases, and a variety of legal mechanisms and precedents that simply do not tell the entire narrative of that “peculiar institution.”2 In our examination of American chattel slavery, it is as if we were crafting a quilt commencing with those legal pronouncements as composing the outside frame of that particular construct. But it is only when we consider the individual narratives of those persons for whom slavery was a lived experience that we can see that the institution was composed of a multitude of smaller pieces and patches, that when arranged in a patchwork manner, reveal remarkable narratives of the lives of many brave men, women, and children who lived their lives on both sides of the line, and regardless of which side of the side of the divide, whether enslaved or enslaver.
在考虑美国历史上动产奴隶制的分析框架时,其历史是由法律、宪法修正案、案例以及各种法律机制和先例书写而成的,而这些根本无法完整地叙述这一 "特殊制度"。但是,只有当我们考虑到那些将奴隶制作为一种生活经历的人的个人叙事时,我们才能看到这种制度是由许多小块和补丁组成的,当这些小块和补丁以拼凑的方式排列起来时,就会展现出许多勇敢的男人、妇女和儿童的非凡生活叙事,他们的生活在界线的两边,而不管界线的哪一边,不管是被奴役者还是奴役者。
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引用次数: 0
Decision in the Chartreuse: Stendhal on Stage 夏特勒的决定舞台上的司汤达
Pub Date : 2024-05-05 DOI: 10.56734/ijahss.v5n5a4
Peter Cortland
Stendhal’s composition of the Chartreuse de parme takes us through an operatic scenario where all is stage effect, the excitation of the audience through conventional devices. We have a political novel acted out for emotional logic, a historical romance following Scott but subjected to classical irony. The subject disappears in the fireworks of words, and we have through exciting actions an example of the text digesting itself, a game, a novel (shockingly!) about nothing. It is a different direction for the novel craft, a novel acting the part of a novel. It is Stendhal.
司汤达创作的《夏特蕾丝-德-帕尔梅》将我们带入一个歌剧场景,在这个场景中,一切都是舞台效果,通过传统的手段来激发观众的热情。我们看到的是一部为情感逻辑而演绎的政治小说,一部追随司各特但又带有古典讽刺意味的历史爱情小说。主题在文字的焰火中消失了,我们通过激动人心的动作看到了文本自我消化的一个例子,一场游戏,一部关于虚无的小说(令人震惊!)。这是小说创作的一个不同方向,一部小说扮演着小说的角色。这就是司汤达。
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引用次数: 0
Place and Person at Pre-Hispanic Teotihuacan, Mexico 墨西哥特奥蒂瓦坎前西班牙时期的地点与人物
Pub Date : 2024-05-05 DOI: 10.56734/ijahss.v5n5a1
Susan D. Gillespie
There are significant societal differences evident in the material remains of the Classic period (ca. AD 250-600) city of Teotihuacan in central Mexico compared to contemporary Maya kingdoms in southern Mexico and Guatemala, despite both being part of the larger Mesoamerican civilization, sharing many cultural features. One proposed explanation for these differences derives from an analytical social science dichotomy that contrasts groups and individuals. According to this approach, Maya art and architecture indicate a society centered on individuals, particularly the rivalrous semi-divine rulers. Teotihuacan’s depersonalized art, lack of royal tombs, and gridded city plan are believed to indicate a corporate ethos in which individuals were subsumed by the societal collective. However, archaeological evidence for these interpretations is not compelling; moreover, the dichotomy itself is misleading. The key to these differences may lie in conceptions of embodied versus emplaced personae. The identity of Teotihuacanos was shaped by living within the city itself, and their concepts of personhood were entwined with their built environment in ways different from their Maya counterparts.
与墨西哥南部和危地马拉的当代玛雅王国相比,位于墨西哥中部的古典时期(约公元 250-600 年)特奥蒂瓦坎城的物质遗存存在着明显的社会差异,尽管两者都是更大的中美洲文明的一部分,具有许多共同的文化特征。对这些差异的一种解释来源于社会科学分析中将群体和个人对立起来的二分法。根据这种方法,玛雅艺术和建筑表明这是一个以个人为中心的社会,尤其是以敌对的半神统治者为中心。特奥蒂瓦坎的非个人化艺术、王室陵墓的缺失以及网格状的城市规划被认为表明了一种企业精神,在这种精神中,个人被社会集体所淹没。然而,这些解释的考古证据并不令人信服;此外,二分法本身也具有误导性。造成这些差异的关键可能在于对 "化身"(embodied personae)和 "置身"(emplaced personae)的概念。特奥蒂瓦坎人的身份是在城市生活中形成的,他们的人格概念与建筑环境息息相关,这一点与玛雅人不同。
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引用次数: 0
Sensitivity to Spanish Phonotactic Constraints among English Monolinguals 英语单语者对西班牙语发音制约的敏感性
Pub Date : 2024-05-05 DOI: 10.56734/ijahss.v5n5a9
Miguel A. Moreno, Sofia Mings
We investigated the implicit phonotactic constraints of adults who are incidentally exposed to a language in their ambient environment. People in south Texas have persistent exposure to Spanish due to strong historic, cultural, and economic ties to Mexico and Spanish speaking people. We show that people who self-identify as English monolinguals living in south Texas are able to judge the Spanish word-likeness of Spanish based nonwords just as well as self-identified Spanish-English bilinguals indicating that the English monolinguals living in south Texas have and utilize a non-negligible source of phonotactic knowledge of Spanish.
我们研究了在周围环境中偶然接触到一种语言的成年人的内隐语音战术限制。得克萨斯州南部的人们由于与墨西哥和讲西班牙语的人有着密切的历史、文化和经济联系,因此长期接触西班牙语。我们的研究表明,居住在得克萨斯州南部、自我认同为英语单语者的人,与自我认同为西班牙语-英语双语者的人一样,能够判断基于西班牙语的非词的西班牙语词义,这表明居住在得克萨斯州南部的英语单语者拥有并利用了不可忽视的西班牙语语音战术知识。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Arts, Humanities & Social Science
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