International Journal of Multiphase Flow最新文献

英文中文

Enhancement of pool boiling heat transfer using eco-hybrid nanofluids 生态混合纳米流体增强池沸腾传热

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105559

Raju Kumar , Pravin Pranav , Rinku Kumar Gouda , Akash Priy , Manabendra Pathak , Mohd. Kaleem Khan , Md. Shamim Shah

This draft explores an experimental investigation into improving pool boiling heat transfer through the use of eco-friendly hybrid nanofluids. The proposed eco-friendly hybrid nanofluids have been prepared using Rhamnolipid surfactant particles, Magnesium Oxide (MgO), and water. Four samples of hybrid nanofluids have been prepared by keeping Rhamnolipid surfactant at the critical micelles concentration and by varying the MgO concentrations as 0.5g/l, 0.05g/l, 0.005g/l, and 0.0005 g/l in deionized water. The detailed characterization and stability analysis of the hybrid nanofluids were performed. Roughness and wettability of fresh and post-boiling surfaces have been analyzed to check their influence on the heat transfer process. The hybrid nanofluid has a thermal conductivity of 4-9 % greater than DI water, where its surface tensions are 43 % - 53 % lower than those of pure DI water. The investigations were carried out on a smooth copper surface and at atmospheric conditions. The developed hybrid nanofluid enhances both the heat transfer rate and the critical heat flux (CHF) compared to pure water. The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) is observed to increase by 1.16 to 1.79 times, and the CHF is increased by 1.41 to 1.61 times. The result for improved heat transfer in eco-hybrid nanofluids is due to the decrease in surface tension, which has initiated more nucleation sites than pure water, increase in porosity and surface roughness due to the deposition of nanoparticles and surfactant monomers, improved surface wettability, and better rewetting phenomena.

本草案探讨了通过使用生态友好型混合纳米流体改善池沸腾传热的实验研究。采用鼠李糖脂表面活性剂颗粒、氧化镁（MgO）和水制备了环保型混合纳米流体。将鼠李糖脂表面活性剂保持在临界胶束浓度，在去离子水中MgO浓度分别为0.5g/l、0.05g/l、0.00g /l和0.0005 g/l，制备了4种杂化纳米流体样品。对混合纳米流体进行了详细的表征和稳定性分析。分析了新鲜表面和沸腾后表面的粗糙度和润湿性，以检查它们对传热过程的影响。混合纳米流体的导热系数比去离子水高4- 9%，其表面张力比纯去离子水低43% - 53%。研究是在光滑的铜表面和大气条件下进行的。与纯水相比，混合纳米流体的传热速率和临界热流密度均有所提高。传热系数（HTC）增加了1.16 ~ 1.79倍，CHF增加了1.41 ~ 1.61倍。生态杂化纳米流体传热改善的结果是由于表面张力的降低（与纯水相比，表面张力产生了更多的成核位点）、纳米颗粒和表面活性剂单体的沉积增加了孔隙度和表面粗糙度、表面润湿性的改善以及更好的再润湿现象。

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引用次数: 0

Direct numerical simulation of a rising CO2 bubble dissolving in quiescent water at high Schmidt number 高施密特数下静水中上升CO2气泡溶解的直接数值模拟

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105566

Yating Wang , Yohei Sato

Three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) was performed to investigate mass transfer at high Schmidt numbers, focusing on a rising, dissolving gas bubble in a liquid. The objectives are (i) to develop a numerical method based on the volume-of-fluid (VOF) approach for simulating a dissolving gas bubble and (ii) to determine the mesh resolution required to accurately capture the underlying physical phenomena. A sharp-interface phase-change model is employed, in which the species concentration gradient at the gas–liquid interface is calculated using an irregular stencil that accounts for the local interface geometry. The method was first validated against benchmark cases at low Schmidt numbers, and then applied to a 9 mm CO₂ bubble rising in quiescent water. The simulation was performed on grids ranging from 128³ to 2048³, with the finest case using 8192 cores over 15 days. The total simulated physical time was 1.2 s, including the grid-refinement stages up to the finest resolution. The grid-dependence study indicates that the evaluated grid resolutions remain outside the fully asymptotic regime; nevertheless, the 2048³ grid result underestimates the Sherwood number by only about 7 % relative to the empirical correlation. The CO₂ concentration isosurface from the 2048³ case reveals a complex wake structure with elongated filaments and rolled-up sheets, indicative of shear-induced vortices and strong entrainment. The grid-dependence study suggests that even finer grids (e.g., 4096³) may be necessary, highlighting the need for future exascale computing to fully resolve mass transfer at a high Schmidt number (∼530).

采用三维直接数值模拟（DNS）研究了高施密特数下的传质，重点研究了液体中一个上升的、溶解的气泡。目标是：(i)开发一种基于流体体积（VOF）方法的数值方法，用于模拟溶解的气泡；（ii）确定准确捕捉潜在物理现象所需的网格分辨率。采用锐界面相变模型，利用考虑局部界面几何形状的不规则模板计算气液界面处的物质浓度梯度。该方法首先在低施密特数的基准情况下进行了验证，然后应用于静水中上升的9毫米二氧化碳气泡。模拟在128³到2048³的网格上进行，最好的情况是在15天内使用了8192个内核。总模拟物理时间为1.2秒，包括网格细化阶段，直至最佳分辨率。网格依赖性研究表明，计算得到的网格分辨率仍然在完全渐近范围之外；然而，相对于经验相关性，2048³网格结果仅低估了约7%的舍伍德数。2048³的CO₂浓度等面显示了一个复杂的尾迹结构，具有细长的细丝和卷起的薄片，表明剪切诱导的涡和强夹带。网格依赖性研究表明，甚至更细的网格（例如4096³）可能是必要的，强调未来的百亿亿次计算需要在高施密特数（~ 530）下完全解决质量传递问题。

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引用次数: 0

Flow transition of liquid–liquid two-phase Taylor–Couette flow with axial flow 液-液两相Taylor-Couette轴向流动的流动转变

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105585

Hayato Masuda, Yuta Kikuchi, Hiroyuki Iyota

A liquid–liquid two-phase Taylor–Couette flow is of fundamental and practical importance in multiphase flow systems. This study investigates the flow transitions in such a system with constant axial flow and gradually increased rotation of the inner cylinder. To clarify the effect of continuous-phase viscosity on flow transitions, several concentrations of glycerol–water solutions were employed as the continuous phase, while soybean oil was used as the dispersed phase. Visualization experiments revealed that the flow undergoes a cascade of transitions: stratified flow, disturbed stratified flow, transitional droplet flow, unstable banded flow, and stable banded flow. A flow map was constructed using two dimensionless parameters, rotational Reynolds number (Re_rot) and Weber number (We). The transitions from disturbed stratified to unstable banded flow (TR I) and from unstable to stable banded flow (TR II) were found to be approximately expressed by a power-law relation of the form We ∼ Re_rot^A, where A is a fitting exponent. For TR I, A showed no clear dependence on continuous-phase viscosity, suggesting that the transition is governed by the combined effects of inertia, viscosity, and interfacial tension. In contrast, A decreased with increasing viscosity in TR II, becoming nearly zero at high glycerol concentration. Furthermore, to clarify the mechanism of stable banded flow formation, the droplet inertia was evaluated using the Stokes number (St). It was revealed that the stable banded structure results from the loss of droplet inertia, associated with droplet fragmentation under higher rotation and the increasing inertia of the continuous phase.

液-液两相泰勒-库埃特流在多相流系统中具有重要的基础和实际意义。本文研究了在轴向流量恒定、内缸转速逐渐增大的情况下系统的流动转变。为了明确连续相粘度对流动转变的影响，采用几种浓度的甘油-水溶液作为连续相，大豆油作为分散相。可视化实验表明，流动经历了层叠流、扰动层叠流、过渡液滴流、不稳定带状流和稳定带状流的级联过渡。利用旋转雷诺数（Rerot）和韦伯数（We）这两个无维参数构建了流图。从扰动分层到不稳定带状流（TR I）和从不稳定到稳定带状流（TR II）的转变可以用We ~ RerotA形式的幂律关系近似表示，其中a是拟合指数。对于TR I， A对连续相粘度没有明显的依赖性，表明这种转变是由惯性、粘度和界面张力共同作用的结果。相比之下，在TR II中，A随着粘度的增加而降低，在高甘油浓度时接近于零。此外，为了阐明稳定带状流动形成的机制，利用Stokes数（St）对液滴惯性进行了评估。结果表明，稳定的带状结构是由于液滴惯性的丧失，与高转速下液滴破碎和连续相惯性的增加有关。

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引用次数: 0

Bubble collapse near a wall: A numerical study on the impact of physical mechanisms for a bubble initially at rest 靠近壁面的气泡崩塌：物理机制对初始静止气泡影响的数值研究

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105567

Zhidian Yang, Bo Wang, Francesco Romanò

Cavitation near solid boundaries is a well-documented phenomenon due to its potential to damage surfaces and impair the performance of pumps, turbines, and similar machinery. This work numerically investigates the pressure exerted by a cavitation bubble collapsing near a rigid wall, with results compared against experimental measurements. The bubble is assumed to start from rest at its maximum equivalent radius. Simulations employ the All-Mach approach of Basilisk, using the VOF (Volume-of-Fluid) method to resolve interface dynamics. Our findings show that the maximum wall pressure during collapse depends strongly on the bubble stand-off ratio and the interior-to-exterior pressure ratio at maximum size. In contrast, the evolution of the equivalent radius shows a weak sensitivity to these parameters, despite significant effects on the detailed interface motion. Additional analyses assess the influence of viscosity, heat transfer, surface tension, and bubble sphericity, allowing identification of the leading-order mechanisms to reduce model complexity. Comparison with experiments and prior studies indicates that accounting for flow compressibility, while neglecting phase change during collapse, provides good agreement for interfacial dynamics, though notable discrepancies remain for the maximum wall pressure.

固体边界附近的空化现象是一个有充分证据的现象，因为它有可能破坏表面并损害泵，涡轮机和类似机械的性能。本文用数值方法研究了在刚性壁面附近空化气泡崩塌时所产生的压力，并将结果与实验测量结果进行了比较。假设气泡在其最大等效半径处从静止开始。仿真采用Basilisk的全马赫方法，使用VOF（流体体积）方法来解决界面动力学问题。我们的研究结果表明，崩塌过程中的最大壁面压力在很大程度上取决于气泡隔离比和最大尺寸时的内外压比。相比之下，等效半径的演化对这些参数的敏感性较弱，尽管这些参数对详细的界面运动有显著影响。额外的分析评估了粘度、传热、表面张力和气泡球形度的影响，从而确定了一级机制，降低了模型的复杂性。与实验和先前研究的比较表明，考虑流动可压缩性而忽略坍塌过程中的相变，可以很好地吻合界面动力学，尽管最大壁面压力仍然存在显着差异。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of dissolved gas concentration on the lifetime of surface bubbles in volatile liquids 挥发性液体中溶解气体浓度对表面气泡寿命的影响

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105580

Xin Li , Yanshen Li

Bubbles at the air–liquid interface are important for many natural and industrial processes. Factors influencing the lifetime of such surface bubbles have been investigated extensively, yet the impact of dissolved gas concentration remains unexplored. Here we investigate how the lifetime of surface bubbles in volatile liquids depends on the dissolved gas concentration. The bubble lifetime is found to decrease with the dissolved gas concentration. Larger microbubbles at increased gas concentration are found to trigger bubble bursting at earlier times. Combined with the thinning rate of the bubble cap thickness, a scaling law of the bubble lifetime is developed. The scaling is also found to be independent of factors like container type, liquid pool depth and bubble size. Our findings may provide new insight on surface bubble lifetime and foam stability.

气液界面上的气泡对许多自然和工业过程都很重要。影响这种表面气泡寿命的因素已被广泛研究，但溶解气体浓度的影响仍未被探索。在这里，我们研究了挥发性液体中表面气泡的寿命如何取决于溶解气体的浓度。气泡寿命随溶解气体浓度的增加而减小。当气体浓度增加时，更大的微气泡会在更早的时间触发气泡破裂。结合气泡帽厚度的减薄速率，导出了气泡寿命的标度规律。结垢与容器类型、液池深度和气泡大小等因素无关。我们的发现可能为表面气泡寿命和泡沫稳定性提供新的见解。

引用次数: 0

Phenomenological characterization of heat transfer and boiling crisis in churn liquid-vapor flows using high-resolution diagnostics 使用高分辨率诊断的搅拌液-汽流动的传热和沸腾危机的现象学表征

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105568

Mauricio Mani Marinheiro , Gustavo Matana Aguiar , Roman William Morse , Gherhardt Ribatski , Matteo Bucci

This experimental investigation leverages high-speed shadowgraphy and infrared thermography to provide a phenomenological description of heat transfer and boiling crisis in the churn flow regime. In churn flow, intermittent cycles of overheating and cooling occur on the heated surface. The surface is cooled down by nucleating bubbles, liquid slugs, and backflow and descending liquid films. However, backflow and descending liquid films are not observed at high mass flow rates. The surface overheats when the liquid film in contact with the channel wall stagnates. Under high imposed heat fluxes, the stagnant film dries out, forming a high-temperature region that prevents liquid slugs and descending liquid films from effectively cooling the surface, thereby triggering a boiling crisis. Since the macroscale characteristics of the churn flow govern the onset of a boiling crisis, mass flux has a more dominant influence on the critical heat flux than surface wettability.

本实验研究利用高速阴影成像和红外热成像技术，对搅拌流动状态下的传热和沸腾危机进行了现象学描述。在搅拌流中，加热表面会出现间歇性的过热和冷却循环。表面通过成核气泡、液塞、回流和下降液膜冷却。然而，在高质量流量下，没有观察到回流和下降的液膜。当与通道壁接触的液膜停滞时，表面过热。在高施加的热流下，停滞的膜变干，形成一个高温区域，阻止液体塞和下降的液体膜有效地冷却表面，从而引发沸腾危机。由于搅拌流的宏观尺度特征决定了沸腾危机的发生，因此质量通量对临界热通量的影响比表面润湿性更重要。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic evolution of the mixing zone during diesel displacement of oil-water two-phase flow in multiphase pipelines 多相管道中油水两相流柴油置换过程中混合区动态演化

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105582

Ming Zhang , Pengcheng Li , Shengde Di , Jinghua Chen , Qi Xiang , Xiaoming Luo

Following the shutdown of deepwater oil–water multiphase pipelines, crude oil readily solidifies under low-temperature conditions, posing a serious risk of pipeline blockage. Diesel displacement is a critical technique for ensuring the safe shutdown and restart of subsea pipelines. However, the mechanisms governing the formation and evolution of the mixing zone and the reliable prediction of its length remain unclear. This study combines loop experiments with numerical simulations to systematically investigate the effects of flow velocity, water cut, pipe diameter, and pipeline inclination on the development of the mixing zone during diesel displacement of oil–water two-phase flow. The results demonstrate that flow velocity is the dominant factor controlling the mixing zone length, reducing the mixing zone length by 31–33% when the velocity increases from 0.5 to 1.0 m/s. Increasing velocity significantly enhances turbulence, accelerates diesel dissolution and scouring of wall-adhered crude oil, and strengthens water entrainment, thereby shortening the mixing zone and improving displacement efficiency. Larger pipe diameters and greater inclinations extend the mixing zone by approximately 20%, due to increased oil adhesion, water backflow in upward sections, and oil buoyancy or partial-flow effects in downward sections, while the impact of water cut is relatively minor. Meanwhile, numerical simulations can effectively reproduce the dynamic evolution of the mixing zone, but have difficulty in accurately characterizing crude oil adhesion effects, resulting in a MAPE of approximately 19.1% between the predicted and measured mixing zone lengths. This study elucidates the mechanisms underlying mixing zone formation and dynamic evolution, reveals the dissolution-scouring synergy governing the removal of wall-adhered crude oil and the roles of gravity-induced stratification and buoyancy, quantitatively assesses the effects of key parameters on mixing zone length, and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing shutdown displacement in deepwater multiphase pipelines.

深水油水多相管道关闭后，原油在低温条件下极易凝固，存在严重的管道堵塞风险。柴油置换是确保海底管道安全关闭和重新启动的关键技术。然而，控制混合带形成和演化的机制及其长度的可靠预测仍不清楚。本研究采用环试验与数值模拟相结合的方法，系统研究了油水两相流柴油驱替过程中流速、含水率、管径和管道倾角对混合区发展的影响。结果表明：流速是控制混合区长度的主要因素，当流速从0.5 m/s增加到1.0 m/s时，混合区长度减少31-33%；速度的增加显著增强了紊流，加速了柴油的溶解和粘壁原油的冲刷，加强了水的夹带作用，从而缩短了混合区，提高了驱替效率。较大的管径和较大的倾角使混合区扩大了约20%，这是由于增加了油的粘附性、向上段的水倒流以及向下段的油浮力或部分流动效应，而含水率的影响相对较小。同时，数值模拟可以有效地再现混合区动态演化，但难以准确表征原油黏附效应，导致预测与实测混合区长度之间的MAPE约为19.1%。本研究阐明了混合带形成和动态演化机制，揭示了固壁原油运移的溶解-冲刷协同作用以及重力诱导分层和浮力的作用，定量评价了关键参数对混合带长度的影响，为深水多相管道关井位移优化提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Nanoscale mapping of competitive cavitation nucleation: From surface to bulk 竞争空化成核的纳米尺度映射：从表面到体

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105595

Yuhan Li , Junhao Cai , Yunqiao Liu , Mingbo Li , Benlong Wang

The prevailing view that pits are more susceptible to cavitation nucleation than pillars has spurred extensive research on pit scenarios; however, competition among bulk, pit surface, or pillar surface nucleation under a broader range of wettability has received limited attention. Therefore, nanoscopic molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and classical nucleation theory (CNT) are employed to elucidate the competitive nucleation diagram across the three nucleation pathways. Results reveal that bulk nucleation can still out-compete surface nucleation provided the entire rough wall exhibits extreme super-wettability; however, achieving this wetting state is highly demanding. In contrast, pit-embedded surface nucleation dominates when the rough wall features uniformly weak wettability. The Blake threshold constitutes the metastable equilibrium of vapor bubbles confined within pits. Weakly wettable pillars on strongly hydrophilic substrates prevail in the competitive cavitation nucleation; however, they exert an insignificant influence when the substrate is also weakly hydrophilic, thereby allowing pit-embedded surface nucleation to dominate. The nucleation mode phase diagram establishes a universal framework for predicting the cavitation nucleation across a tailored wettability regime, offering fundamental significance to nucleation research.

普遍认为矿坑比矿柱更容易发生空化成核的观点促使了对矿坑情景的广泛研究；然而，在更广泛的润湿性范围内，块状、坑表面或柱表面成核之间的竞争受到了有限的关注。因此，采用纳米级分子动力学模拟（MD）和经典成核理论（CNT）来阐明三种成核途径的竞争成核图。结果表明，当整个粗糙壁表现出极端的超润湿性时，体形核仍能优于表面形核；然而，实现这种湿润状态的要求很高。相反，当粗糙壁具有均匀的弱润湿性时，坑埋表面成核占主导地位。布莱克阈值构成了局限于凹坑内的蒸汽泡的亚稳态平衡。在强亲水性基质上弱可湿性柱在竞争性空化成核中占优势；然而，当底物也是弱亲水性时，它们的影响不显著，从而使坑埋表面成核占主导地位。成核模式相图为预测特定润湿性条件下的空化成核建立了一个通用框架，对成核研究具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

How substrate temperature shapes Salmonella Typhimurium deposition patterns and pathogenesis in evaporating droplets 底物温度如何影响鼠伤寒沙门氏菌在蒸发液滴中的沉积模式和发病机制

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105592

Amey Nitin Agharkar , Anmol Singh , Kush Kumar Dewangan , Dipshikha Chakravortty , Saptarshi Basu

Droplets expelled from infected hosts can deposit on surfaces and serve as fomites. Temperature‑controlled industrial equipment is also susceptible to such contamination. To test the hypothesis that substrate temperature influences droplet behaviour, we examined how temperatures from 25 °C to 70 °C affect evaporation dynamics, internal flows, deposition patterns, bacterial viability, and infectivity in Salmonella Typhimurium–laden droplets. Milli‑Q water, Luria broth (LB) medium, and meat extract were used as representative physiological fluids. Imaging and confocal microscopy techniques were used to study the evaporation dynamics and flow, whilst the morphology of dried precipitates was characterised using microscopy and profilometry. The classical “coffee-ring” deposition is exhibited at low temperatures for S. Typhimurium-Milli-Q water droplet. However, as the substrate temperature rises, thermal gradients generate strong inward Marangoni convection that competes with the capillary flow, producing thinner rings or central deposits for Milli-Q water and with dendritic structures for LB. Meanwhile, for meat extract, the patterns remained unchanged. The measured radial velocities at 50 °C were ten times higher than at 25 °C. Increased substrate temperatures resulted in a drastic reduction of the evaporation time and a decreased bacterial area of projection, keeping the bacterial aspect ratio intact. It depicted higher stress due to faster evaporation. The viability of Salmonella in precipitates was reduced with increasing substrate temperature, but infectivity remained unaltered across all base fluids.

Thus, the findings show that substrate temperature highly influences bacterial deposition and viability. The potential fomite-based infection risks from heated surfaces are outlined.

被感染的宿主排出的飞沫可以沉积在物体表面并作为污染物。温控工业设备也容易受到这种污染。为了验证底物温度影响液滴行为的假设，我们研究了25°C至70°C的温度如何影响鼠伤寒沙门氏菌液滴的蒸发动力学、内部流动、沉积模式、细菌活力和传染性。Milli‑Q水、Luria肉汤（LB）培养基和肉提取物作为代表性生理液体。成像和共聚焦显微镜技术用于研究蒸发动力学和流动，而干燥沉淀物的形态使用显微镜和轮廓术进行表征。在低温条件下，鼠伤寒沙门氏菌- milliq水滴表现出经典的“咖啡环”沉积。然而，随着衬底温度的升高，热梯度产生强烈的向内马兰戈尼对流，与毛细管流动竞争，对milliq水产生更薄的环或中心沉积物，对LB产生树枝状结构。同时，对于肉提取物，模式保持不变。在50°C时测得的径向速度比在25°C时高10倍。升高的底物温度导致蒸发时间急剧减少，细菌投影面积减少，保持细菌长宽比完整。它描述了由于蒸发更快而产生的更高压力。沙门氏菌在沉淀物中的生存能力随着底物温度的升高而降低，但感染性在所有底液中保持不变。因此，研究结果表明，底物温度高度影响细菌的沉积和生存能力。概述了加热表面潜在的基于污染物的感染风险。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond the Cassie–Baxter model: New insights for predicting imbibition in complex systems 超越Cassie-Baxter模型：预测复杂系统渗吸的新见解

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105560

Mathis Fricke , Lisanne Gossel , Joël De Coninck

We revisit the classical problem of liquid imbibition in a single tube with spatially varying wettability. Starting from the Lucas–Washburn equation, we derive analytical solutions for the imbibition time (crossing time) in systems where wettability alternates between different materials. For ordered arrangements, we demonstrate that the imbibition speed depends non-trivially on the spatial distribution, with the ”more hydrophobic-first” configuration being optimal. For disordered systems, where segment lengths follow a Gaussian distribution, we show that the classical Cassie–Baxter contact angle, originally derived for static wetting, fails to predict the dynamics of capillary-driven flow. To address this, we propose a new weighted harmonic averaging method for the contact angle, which accurately describes the viscous crossing time in such heterogeneous systems. Our findings reveal fundamental insights into the role of wettability heterogeneity in capillary-driven flow, offering a basis for understanding imbibition dynamics in complex heterogeneous systems.

The research data and the software supporting this study are openly available at DOI:10.5281/zenodo.14537452.

我们重新审视了具有空间变化润湿性的单管中液体吸吮的经典问题。从Lucas-Washburn方程出发，我们推导出了不同材料之间润湿性交替的系统中吸胀时间（穿越时间）的解析解。对于有序排列，我们证明了吸胀速度与空间分布有很大关系，“更疏水优先”的配置是最优的。对于片段长度服从高斯分布的无序系统，我们表明，最初为静态润湿导出的经典Cassie-Baxter接触角无法预测毛细管驱动流动的动力学。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种新的加权谐波平均接触角方法，该方法可以准确地描述这种非均质系统中的粘性穿越时间。我们的研究结果揭示了润湿性非均质性在毛细管驱动流体中的作用，为理解复杂非均质系统中的吸胀动力学提供了基础。研究数据和支持本研究的软件可在DOI:10.5281/zenodo.14537452上公开获取。

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引用次数: 0

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International Journal of Multiphase Flow

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