Creep resistance is critical for the reliability of engineering structures at high temperatures. In this study, in situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) creep experiments show that laser powder bed fusion fabricated Ti-6Al-4V (LPBF Ti-6Al-4V) exhibits a creep lifetime about three to five times longer than that of forged Ti-6Al-4V. Distinct creep failure mechanisms were identified, with grain boundary sliding dominating in the forged Ti-6Al-4V, while void-induced grain boundary separation controlled the LPBF Ti-6Al-4V. By integrating experiments with a multiphysics coupled microscale creep model that simultaneously captures diffusion creep, dislocation glide and climb, grain boundary sliding, and void evolution, the results suggest that the elongated grain morphology and lower dislocation density in LPBF Ti-6Al-4V contribute to its enhanced creep performance. A physics-informed neural network (PINN)-driven multiscale creep framework is developed to bridge the gap between the mechanistic microscale creep model and macroscale creep life prediction. This work provides new insights into the creep resistance of additively manufactured titanium alloys and presents a promising approach for multiscale creep life assessment.
{"title":"Microstructural origins of enhanced creep resistance in laser printed Ti-6Al-4V","authors":"Zhun Liang , Mingyang Zhang , Zheng Guo , Zongchang Guo , Yinan Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Creep resistance is critical for the reliability of engineering structures at high temperatures. In this study, <em>in situ</em> scanning electron microscope (SEM) creep experiments show that laser powder bed fusion fabricated Ti-6Al-4V (LPBF Ti-6Al-4V) exhibits a creep lifetime about three to five times longer than that of forged Ti-6Al-4V. Distinct creep failure mechanisms were identified, with grain boundary sliding dominating in the forged Ti-6Al-4V, while void-induced grain boundary separation controlled the LPBF Ti-6Al-4V. By integrating experiments with a multiphysics coupled microscale creep model that simultaneously captures diffusion creep, dislocation glide and climb, grain boundary sliding, and void evolution, the results suggest that the elongated grain morphology and lower dislocation density in LPBF Ti-6Al-4V contribute to its enhanced creep performance. A physics-informed neural network (PINN)-driven multiscale creep framework is developed to bridge the gap between the mechanistic microscale creep model and macroscale creep life prediction. This work provides new insights into the creep resistance of additively manufactured titanium alloys and presents a promising approach for multiscale creep life assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104637"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104683
Sagar Chandra, Sunil Rawat, Harsh Hemani, Alankar Alankar, Ather Syed, N. Naveen Kumar, Sudhanshu Sharma, Mahendra K. Samal, Vivek M. Chavan
Through a synergistic use of atomistic simulations, crystal plasticity finite element analyses and experiments, this work sheds light on non-Schmid effects in solid solution strengthened Ni-based Alloy 690. The ensuing tension-compression asymmetry of yield stress is numerically demonstrated first using molecular dynamics simulations on single crystals at room temperature. Investigation of slip systems and associated resolved stresses leads to a single crystal slip initiation criterion that adequately predicts the non-Schmid effects at the inception of plasticity. Theoretical calculations are also performed to analyze the orientation and loading dependent activation of various twin variants in single crystals. In an attempt to develop an atomistically informed crystal plasticity framework, the non-Schmid coefficients (<span><span style=""></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow is="true"><msub is="true"><mrow is="true"><mi is="true">c</mi></mrow><mrow is="true"><mn is="true">1</mn></mrow></msub><mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after" is="true">−</mo><msub is="true"><mrow is="true"><mi is="true">c</mi></mrow><mrow is="true"><mn is="true">5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math>' role="presentation" style="font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="2.086ex" role="img" style="vertical-align: -0.582ex;" viewbox="0 -647.8 2997.8 898.2" width="6.963ex" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g fill="currentColor" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)"><g is="true"><g is="true"><g is="true"><g is="true"><use xlink:href="#MJMATHI-63"></use></g></g><g is="true" transform="translate(433,-150)"><g is="true"><use transform="scale(0.707)" xlink:href="#MJMAIN-31"></use></g></g></g><g is="true" transform="translate(1109,0)"><use xlink:href="#MJMAIN-2212"></use></g><g is="true" transform="translate(2110,0)"><g is="true"><g is="true"><use xlink:href="#MJMATHI-63"></use></g></g><g is="true" transform="translate(433,-150)"><g is="true"><use transform="scale(0.707)" xlink:href="#MJMAIN-35"></use></g></g></g></g></g></svg><span role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow is="true"><msub is="true"><mrow is="true"><mi is="true">c</mi></mrow><mrow is="true"><mn is="true">1</mn></mrow></msub><mo is="true" linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after">−</mo><msub is="true"><mrow is="true"><mi is="true">c</mi></mrow><mrow is="true"><mn is="true">5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span></span><script type="math/mml"><math><mrow is="true"><msub is="true"><mrow is="true"><mi is="true">c</mi></mrow><mrow is="true"><mn is="true">1</mn></mrow></msub><mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after" is="true">−</mo><msub is="tru
{"title":"Analysis of non-Schmid effects in a Ni-based superalloy","authors":"Sagar Chandra, Sunil Rawat, Harsh Hemani, Alankar Alankar, Ather Syed, N. Naveen Kumar, Sudhanshu Sharma, Mahendra K. Samal, Vivek M. Chavan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104683","url":null,"abstract":"Through a synergistic use of atomistic simulations, crystal plasticity finite element analyses and experiments, this work sheds light on non-Schmid effects in solid solution strengthened Ni-based Alloy 690. The ensuing tension-compression asymmetry of yield stress is numerically demonstrated first using molecular dynamics simulations on single crystals at room temperature. Investigation of slip systems and associated resolved stresses leads to a single crystal slip initiation criterion that adequately predicts the non-Schmid effects at the inception of plasticity. Theoretical calculations are also performed to analyze the orientation and loading dependent activation of various twin variants in single crystals. In an attempt to develop an atomistically informed crystal plasticity framework, the non-Schmid coefficients (<span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><msub is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\">c</mi></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn></mrow></msub><mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\" is=\"true\">&#x2212;</mo><msub is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\">c</mi></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"2.086ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.582ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -647.8 2997.8 898.2\" width=\"6.963ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-63\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(433,-150)\"><g is=\"true\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use></g></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1109,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2212\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(2110,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-63\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(433,-150)\"><g is=\"true\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-35\"></use></g></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><msub is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\">c</mi></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn></mrow></msub><mo is=\"true\" linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\">−</mo><msub is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\">c</mi></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">5</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><msub is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\">c</mi></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn></mrow></msub><mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\" is=\"true\">−</mo><msub is=\"tru","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104682
Renhao Wu, Hyojin Park, Jae Heung Lee, Shi Woo Lee, Longfei Xu, Do Won Lee, Stephan Schönecker, Jalal Kangazian, Tianle Li, Xiaoqing Li, Hyoung Seop Kim
{"title":"Engineering stacking fault energy and hierarchical precipitates in a near-fully recrystallized DED Ni-based multi-principal element alloy","authors":"Renhao Wu, Hyojin Park, Jae Heung Lee, Shi Woo Lee, Longfei Xu, Do Won Lee, Stephan Schönecker, Jalal Kangazian, Tianle Li, Xiaoqing Li, Hyoung Seop Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104682","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104680
Samuel B. Inman, Mo-Rigen He, Andrew J. Baker, Remi Dingreville, Brad L. Boyce
{"title":"Accelerated Creep Profiling: A High-Throughput Thermal- and Stress-Gradient Approach Applied to Additive and Wrought Stainless Steel","authors":"Samuel B. Inman, Mo-Rigen He, Andrew J. Baker, Remi Dingreville, Brad L. Boyce","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104680","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147495508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104678
Seunghyeon Lee, Thao Nguyen, Darby J. Luscher, Saryu J. Fensin, John S. Carpenter, Hansohl Cho
{"title":"Bayesian inference and uncertainty quantification for modeling of body-centered-cubic single crystals","authors":"Seunghyeon Lee, Thao Nguyen, Darby J. Luscher, Saryu J. Fensin, John S. Carpenter, Hansohl Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104678","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147496426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104677
Jiahua Zhao, Yanan Hu, Chao Yu, Xichang Xiong, Xiang Xu, Li Ding, Qianhua Kan, Guozheng Kang
Monotonic tension and compression tests demonstrate that both build-orientation (0°, 45°, and 90°) and loading mode (tension or compression) significantly influence the yield stress and strain hardening of the AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Symmetrical strain-controlled cyclic loading tests reveal that the alloy exhibits an initial cyclic softening followed by a cyclic hardening. Moreover, the responding peak and valley stresses are strongly dependent on the build-orientation and exhibit a pronounced tension-compression asymmetry. To accurately represent these anisotropic cyclic deformation characteristics of the LPBF AlSi10Mg alloy, a novel anisotropic elasto-plastic constitutive model is developed based on a modified Hill48 yield criterion, with emphasis on its tension-compression asymmetry and build-orientation dependence. The model employs a non-associated flow rule using the von Mises function as the plastic potential, and incorporates an anisotropic modified Chaboche kinematic hardening law, combined with superimposed isotropic and distortional hardening laws. Moreover, a Chaboche memory surface is introduced to capture the strain amplitude dependence observed during cyclic loading. Comparison of experimental and predicted results indicates that the proposed model successfully describes both the cyclic softening/hardening and the anisotropic cyclic deformation characteristics of the LPBF AlSi10Mg alloy.
{"title":"An anisotropic constitutive model for LPBF AlSi10Mg alloy considering tension-compression asymmetry and build-orientation effect","authors":"Jiahua Zhao, Yanan Hu, Chao Yu, Xichang Xiong, Xiang Xu, Li Ding, Qianhua Kan, Guozheng Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104677","url":null,"abstract":"Monotonic tension and compression tests demonstrate that both build-orientation (0°, 45°, and 90°) and loading mode (tension or compression) significantly influence the yield stress and strain hardening of the AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Symmetrical strain-controlled cyclic loading tests reveal that the alloy exhibits an initial cyclic softening followed by a cyclic hardening. Moreover, the responding peak and valley stresses are strongly dependent on the build-orientation and exhibit a pronounced tension-compression asymmetry. To accurately represent these anisotropic cyclic deformation characteristics of the LPBF AlSi10Mg alloy, a novel anisotropic elasto-plastic constitutive model is developed based on a modified Hill48 yield criterion, with emphasis on its tension-compression asymmetry and build-orientation dependence. The model employs a non-associated flow rule using the von Mises function as the plastic potential, and incorporates an anisotropic modified Chaboche kinematic hardening law, combined with superimposed isotropic and distortional hardening laws. Moreover, a Chaboche memory surface is introduced to capture the strain amplitude dependence observed during cyclic loading. Comparison of experimental and predicted results indicates that the proposed model successfully describes both the cyclic softening/hardening and the anisotropic cyclic deformation characteristics of the LPBF AlSi10Mg alloy.","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104675
Jian Song, Bingqiang Wei, Chenglu Tang, Xiaoyuan Lou, Jian Wang
Cellular structures are a ubiquitous microstructural feature in additively manufactured 316L stainless steels and are commonly characterized by high dislocation densities, elemental segregation, and complex substructures. Despite extensive study, the respective roles of these features in governing plastic deformation remain debated. In this work, the characteristics of cellular structures in laser powder bed fused (LPBF) 316L were systematically tailored through post-build annealing at different temperatures, and their influence on mechanical response was investigated. Microscopy characterization reveals that cellular walls in the as-built condition are associated with randomly distributed crystallographic planes. Upon annealing, dislocation rearrangement leads to preferential alignment of cell walls along {220} planes, accompanied by the formation of sub-grain boundaries. At elevated annealing temperatures, a pronounced reduction in dislocation density occurs together with the emergence of patterned screw dislocations. In situ compression and tensile tests indicate that the yield strength of LPBF 316L is more strongly correlated with dislocation density, whereas the effects of cellular size, microsegregation, and sub-grain boundaries appear to be less significant. Cellular structures provide limited resistance to dislocation motion and therefore contribute only modestly to strain hardening at the early stages of plastic deformation. At higher strains, the strain-hardening rate is increasingly governed by more effective barriers with larger misorientations, such as sub-grain boundaries. These results clarify the mechanistic role of cellular structures in additively manufactured alloys and highlight dislocation density as the dominant parameter controlling yielding, while emphasizing the distinct contribution of sub-grain boundaries to strain hardening. The findings provide guidance for optimizing the mechanical performance of additively manufactured metals through targeted microstructural control.
{"title":"Annealing-Induced Reorganization of Cellular Dislocation Structures and Its Effect on Plastic Flow in Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel","authors":"Jian Song, Bingqiang Wei, Chenglu Tang, Xiaoyuan Lou, Jian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104675","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular structures are a ubiquitous microstructural feature in additively manufactured 316L stainless steels and are commonly characterized by high dislocation densities, elemental segregation, and complex substructures. Despite extensive study, the respective roles of these features in governing plastic deformation remain debated. In this work, the characteristics of cellular structures in laser powder bed fused (LPBF) 316L were systematically tailored through post-build annealing at different temperatures, and their influence on mechanical response was investigated. Microscopy characterization reveals that cellular walls in the as-built condition are associated with randomly distributed crystallographic planes. Upon annealing, dislocation rearrangement leads to preferential alignment of cell walls along {220} planes, accompanied by the formation of sub-grain boundaries. At elevated annealing temperatures, a pronounced reduction in dislocation density occurs together with the emergence of patterned screw dislocations. <ce:italic>In situ</ce:italic> compression and tensile tests indicate that the yield strength of LPBF 316L is more strongly correlated with dislocation density, whereas the effects of cellular size, microsegregation, and sub-grain boundaries appear to be less significant. Cellular structures provide limited resistance to dislocation motion and therefore contribute only modestly to strain hardening at the early stages of plastic deformation. At higher strains, the strain-hardening rate is increasingly governed by more effective barriers with larger misorientations, such as sub-grain boundaries. These results clarify the mechanistic role of cellular structures in additively manufactured alloys and highlight dislocation density as the dominant parameter controlling yielding, while emphasizing the distinct contribution of sub-grain boundaries to strain hardening. The findings provide guidance for optimizing the mechanical performance of additively manufactured metals through targeted microstructural control.","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147465394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104676
Zhaoguo Zhang, Longhui Zhang, Jianbo Hu, Xiaohu Yao
A challenge exists in understanding how shock-induced phase transition (PT) and specific microstructural features synergistically dictate the spall behavior of titanium alloys under extreme conditions. This study aims to compare the dynamic deformation and spall behavior of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) and a near α titanium alloy (Nalpha-Ti) under high-strain-rate (105 /s) loading across shock-induced PT pressures (4.5−24.0 GPa) through soft-recovery plate impact experiments, examining the interrelationship between microstructural evolution across the PT pressure and spall strength through free surface velocimetry and postmortem characterization. Key findings reveal divergent spall strength evolution is governed by distinct dislocation and twinning activities, as well as the occurrence or absence of PT. Specifically, prior to the α→ω PT, the spall strength of CP-Ti increases more markedly with peak stress, owing to pronounced strain hardening from T1 twinning and prismatic <a> slip. Subsequent ω-phase formation during PT further strengthens CP-Ti, promoted by localized stress fields from dislocation pile-ups at grain and twin boundaries. Although detwinning, dynamic recrystallization, and amorphization reduce spall strength at higher stresses, ω-phase strengthening maintains it above initial levels. In contrast, PT is absent in Nalpha-Ti due to alloying element stabilization. Regarding spall damage initiation, void nucleation occurs at grain/twin boundaries in CP-Ti, and at martensite lath or prior β grain boundaries in Nalpha-Ti. Geometric compatibility and Schmid factor analyses highlight the role of slip transfer and grain orientation in damage initiation. Following PT of CP-Ti, additional void nucleation sites emerge at phase boundaries and interfaces between amorphous regions and the matrix.
{"title":"Microstructure-dependent evolution of deformation and spallation in titanium across shock-induced phase transition pressures","authors":"Zhaoguo Zhang, Longhui Zhang, Jianbo Hu, Xiaohu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104676","url":null,"abstract":"A challenge exists in understanding how shock-induced phase transition (PT) and specific microstructural features synergistically dictate the spall behavior of titanium alloys under extreme conditions. This study aims to compare the dynamic deformation and spall behavior of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) and a near <em>α</em> titanium alloy (Nalpha-Ti) under high-strain-rate (10<sup>5</sup> /s) loading across shock-induced PT pressures (4.5−24.0 GPa) through soft-recovery plate impact experiments, examining the interrelationship between microstructural evolution across the PT pressure and spall strength through free surface velocimetry and postmortem characterization. Key findings reveal divergent spall strength evolution is governed by distinct dislocation and twinning activities, as well as the occurrence or absence of PT. Specifically, prior to the <em>α→ω</em> PT, the spall strength of CP-Ti increases more markedly with peak stress, owing to pronounced strain hardening from T1 twinning and prismatic <<em>a</em>> slip. Subsequent <em>ω</em>-phase formation during PT further strengthens CP-Ti, promoted by localized stress fields from dislocation pile-ups at grain and twin boundaries. Although detwinning, dynamic recrystallization, and amorphization reduce spall strength at higher stresses, <em>ω</em>-phase strengthening maintains it above initial levels. In contrast, PT is absent in Nalpha-Ti due to alloying element stabilization. Regarding spall damage initiation, void nucleation occurs at grain/twin boundaries in CP-Ti, and at martensite lath or prior <em>β</em> grain boundaries in Nalpha-Ti. Geometric compatibility and Schmid factor analyses highlight the role of slip transfer and grain orientation in damage initiation. Following PT of CP-Ti, additional void nucleation sites emerge at phase boundaries and interfaces between amorphous regions and the matrix.","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147471153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-ductility, compositionally clean austenitic steels deform almost homogeneously at the macroscopic scale, making crack nucleation and crack-path selection under near-ultimate tension highly sensitive to microstructural heterogeneity. Here we combine in-situ scanning electron microscopy/electron backscatter diffraction (SEM/EBSD) tensile tests on a high-Mn austenitic steel with a strongly coupled crystal-plasticity–phase-field framework to clarify how crystallographic orientation, texture and grain-boundary misorientation govern plasticity-controlled fracture. Experiments on pre-notched specimens reveal that damage initiates within low-Taylor-factor/high-Schmid-factor “soft corridors” decorated by dense {111}⟨110⟩ slip bands. Slip-band intersections and grain boundaries with a low slip-transfer coefficient act as sites of kernel average misorientation accumulation, multi-site micro-crack nucleation and subsequent crack deflection. The proposed crystal plasticity coupled phase-field model uses slip-system-resolved plastic work, together with a tension–compression split of the elastic energy, as the crack-driving field and degrades only the tensile contribution. With parameters calibrated by the in-situ tests, the model accurately reproduces the macroscopic stress–strain response, the evolution of plastic-damage bands and the experimentally observed crack trajectory. Systematic simulations show that grain orientation effects cannot be reduced to a single Schmid factor: orientations with higher Schmid factor may generate shorter cracks by promoting crack-tip blunting through more diffuse plastic zones, whereas low-Schmid-factor orientations confine plasticity to narrow soft corridors and favour long cracks. Texture engineering tunes soft-corridor connectivity and thus the strength–ductility trade-off and crack tortuosity, while bicrystal analyses demonstrate that intermediate grain-boundary misorientations maximise cracking strain and minimise crack length by balancing slip transfer and plastic incompatibility. These findings provide a microstructure-informed basis for designing fracture-resistant high-ductility austenitic steels.
{"title":"Plasticity-governed crack-path selection in a high-ductility austenitic steel: in-situ SEM/EBSD experiments and a slip-system-resolved crystal plasticity coupled phase-field fracture model","authors":"Kai Wang, Ping Wang, Jingmang Xu, Wei Zhai, Jian Yang, Taoshuo Bai, Mingjing Yue, Junke Lin, Xin Liu, Ching Chiuan Yen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2026.104674","url":null,"abstract":"High-ductility, compositionally clean austenitic steels deform almost homogeneously at the macroscopic scale, making crack nucleation and crack-path selection under near-ultimate tension highly sensitive to microstructural heterogeneity. Here we combine in-situ scanning electron microscopy/electron backscatter diffraction (SEM/EBSD) tensile tests on a high-Mn austenitic steel with a strongly coupled crystal-plasticity–phase-field framework to clarify how crystallographic orientation, texture and grain-boundary misorientation govern plasticity-controlled fracture. Experiments on pre-notched specimens reveal that damage initiates within low-Taylor-factor/high-Schmid-factor “soft corridors” decorated by dense {111}⟨110⟩ slip bands. Slip-band intersections and grain boundaries with a low slip-transfer coefficient act as sites of kernel average misorientation accumulation, multi-site micro-crack nucleation and subsequent crack deflection. The proposed crystal plasticity coupled phase-field model uses slip-system-resolved plastic work, together with a tension–compression split of the elastic energy, as the crack-driving field and degrades only the tensile contribution. With parameters calibrated by the in-situ tests, the model accurately reproduces the macroscopic stress–strain response, the evolution of plastic-damage bands and the experimentally observed crack trajectory. Systematic simulations show that grain orientation effects cannot be reduced to a single Schmid factor: orientations with higher Schmid factor may generate shorter cracks by promoting crack-tip blunting through more diffuse plastic zones, whereas low-Schmid-factor orientations confine plasticity to narrow soft corridors and favour long cracks. Texture engineering tunes soft-corridor connectivity and thus the strength–ductility trade-off and crack tortuosity, while bicrystal analyses demonstrate that intermediate grain-boundary misorientations maximise cracking strain and minimise crack length by balancing slip transfer and plastic incompatibility. These findings provide a microstructure-informed basis for designing fracture-resistant high-ductility austenitic steels.","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147447265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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