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Attribution of heterogeneous stress distributions in low-grain polycrystals under conditions leading to damage
IF 9.4 1区 材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104258
Samuel D. Dunham , Yinling Zhang , Nan Chen , Coleman Alleman , Curt A. Bronkhorst
In high-purity polycrystalline metallic materials, voids tend to favor grain boundaries as nucleation sites due to the elevated stress states produced by granular interactions and the weakened grain boundary from the relative atomic disorder. To quantify the key factors of this elevated stress state, simple compression of a small multi-grain cylinder of body-centered cubic tantalum was simulated using a single crystal plasticity model that incorporates non-Schmid effects. Four increasingly complex synthetic microstructures were created to tractably incorporate grain boundary interactions, and a statistically significant number of combinations were performed by varying the initial crystallographic orientations of the microstructure. Most of these simulations produce the maximum von Mises stress on a grain boundary and less frequently at the multi-grain junctions. To build a statistical model for the maximum von Mises stress at the grain boundary, physically based features that could contribute to the elevated stress state were selected. Then, a learning algorithm based on information theory was used to identify which of these features contributed the most information to the data set. The identified features include a grain’s propensity to accommodate both elastic and plastic deformations and their directional components. The misalignment of the direction of each grain’s mechanical response was found to be strongly correlated to the magnitude of the stress near the grain boundary. For all of the synthetic microstructures, the statistical models produce a residual distribution that is nearly Gaussian with a variance of, at most, 10% of the prior distribution. The successful performance of the statistical model implies the correct identification of the physical features that cause severe stress localization in polycrystalline materials. The statistical models constructed here can be used to formulate a physically motivated void nucleation model which is sensitive to a microstructure’s propensity to produce elevated stress states. These statistical models also enable the design of material microstructures, in which the crystallographic orientation is chosen to resist void nucleation.
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引用次数: 0
A multi-physics model for the evolution of grain microstructure 晶粒微观结构演化的多物理场模型
IF 9.4 1区 材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104201
I.T. Tandogan , M. Budnitzki , S. Sandfeld
When a metal is loaded mechanically at elevated temperatures, its grain microstructure evolves due to multiple physical mechanisms. Two of which are the curvature-driven migration of the grain boundaries due to increased mobility, and the formation of subgrains due to severe plastic deformation. Similar phenomena are observed during heat treatment subsequent to severe plastic deformation. Grain boundary migration and plastic deformation simultaneously change the lattice orientation at any given material point, which is challenging to simulate consistently. The majority of existing simulation approaches tackle this problem by applying separate, specialized models for mechanical deformation and grain boundary migration sequentially. Significant progress was made recognizing that the Cosserat continuum represents an ideal framework for the coupling between different mechanisms causing lattice reorientation, since rotations are native degrees of freedom in this setting.
In this work we propose and implement a multi-physics model, which couples Cosserat crystal plasticity to Henry–Mellenthin–Plapp (HMP) type orientation phase-field in a single thermodynamically consistent framework for microstructure evolution. Compared to models based on the Kobayashi–Warren–Carter (KWC) phase-field, the HMP formulation removes the nonphysical term linear in the gradient of orientation from the free energy density, thus eliminating long-range interactions between grain boundaries. Further, HMP orientation phase field can handle inclination-dependent grain boundary energies. We evaluate the model’s predictions and numerical performance within a two-dimensional finite element framework, and compare it to a previously published results based on KWC phase-field coupled with Cosserat mechanics.
当金属在高温下机械加载时,由于多种物理机制,其晶粒微观结构发生了变化。其中两种是由于迁移率增加而引起的曲率驱动的晶界迁移,以及由于严重的塑性变形而形成的亚晶。在严重塑性变形后的热处理过程中也观察到类似的现象。晶界迁移和塑性变形同时改变了任意材料点的晶格取向,这一过程的一致性模拟具有挑战性。现有的大多数模拟方法通过应用单独的、专门的机械变形和晶界迁移模型来解决这个问题。认识到Cosserat连续体代表了导致晶格重定向的不同机制之间耦合的理想框架,这取得了重大进展,因为在这种情况下旋转是固有的自由度。在这项工作中,我们提出并实现了一个多物理场模型,该模型将coserat晶体塑性与Henry-Mellenthin-Plapp (HMP)型取向相场耦合在一个单一的热力学一致的框架中,用于微观结构演化。与基于Kobayashi-Warren-Carter (KWC)相场的模型相比,HMP公式从自由能密度中去除了取向梯度线性的非物理项,从而消除了晶界之间的远程相互作用。此外,HMP取向相场可以处理与倾角相关的晶界能。我们在二维有限元框架内评估了模型的预测和数值性能,并将其与先前发表的基于KWC相场耦合Cosserat力学的结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Stress-fractional modelling of dilatancy behavior under monotonic loading based on a new yield surface of coarse-grained soil 基于一种新的粗粒土屈服面单调加载下剪胀特性的应力-分数模型
IF 9.4 1区 材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104236
Erlu Wu , Wanli Guo , Na Li , Ping Jiang , Wei Wang , Yifei Sun
Fractional calculus has been proven to be a powerful modeling tool for soil, which is often used to develop the dilatancy equation in the model construction. However, the existing fractional-order dilatancy equation incorporating the state parameter has the unsatisfying simulations on the dilatancy behaviors of coarse-grained soil, which strongly depends on the material state, i.e., the stress and void ratio. For that, a new fractional-order dilatancy model incorporating the stress and strain states is developed for coarse-grained soil. Originally, a new yield function applicable to coarse-grained soil is proposed by modifying the yield function of Cam-clay model, in which a parameter controlling the shape of the yield surface is introduced. Then, a fractional-order dilatancy model for coarse-grained soil is derived by using the fractional derivative of the new yield function. Meanwhile, an evolution law for the order of fractional derivative is put forward, which shows the development with the shear strain. Ulteriorly, drained triaxial compression test results of three coarse-grained soils with only one void ratio and two coarse-grained soils with three void ratios are simulated, and it is found that there is a good agreement between the model simulations and test results. Finally, the elastoplastic model developed by incorporating the modified yield function and fractional-order dilatancy model into Cam-clay model is used to simulate the bearing capacity of one foundation, and the result reveals that the introduction of fractional calculus will not encounter convergence issue in finite element analysis.
分数阶微积分已被证明是一种强大的土体建模工具,在模型构建中常用于建立剪胀方程。然而,现有的含状态参数的分数阶剪胀方程对粗粒土的剪胀行为的模拟效果并不理想,这主要取决于材料的状态,即应力与孔隙比。为此,建立了一种考虑应力和应变状态的分数阶剪胀模型。通过对Cam-clay模型的屈服函数进行修正,提出了一种适用于粗粒土的屈服函数,其中引入了一个控制屈服面形状的参数。然后,利用新屈服函数的分数阶导数,建立了粗粒土的分数阶剪胀模型。同时,给出了分数阶导数阶数随剪切应变的演化规律。最后,对3种含1空隙比的粗粒土和2种含3空隙比的粗粒土的排水三轴压缩试验结果进行了模拟,发现模型模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。最后,将修正屈服函数和分数阶剪胀模型合并到Cam-clay模型中建立的弹塑性模型对单地基承载力进行了模拟,结果表明分数阶微积分的引入不会在有限元分析中遇到收敛问题。
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引用次数: 0
Elucidating the role of combined latent hardening due to slip-slip and slip-twin interaction for modeling the evolution of crystallographic texture in high nitrogen steels 阐明由滑移和滑移孪晶相互作用引起的联合潜在硬化在模拟高氮钢晶体织构演变中的作用
IF 9.4 1区 材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104215
Bhanu Pratap Singh, Jyoti Ranjan Sahoo, Sumeet Mishra
A thorough framework for addressing the evolution of crystallographic texture in high nitrogen steels is developed in the present work. The elementary doctrine of the proposed framework is the inclusion of latent hardening due to slip-slip interaction along with slip-twin interaction in the visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model for simulating the evolution of crystallographic texture in high nitrogen steels. The latent hardening due to slip-slip interaction is accounted for by specifying the complete interaction matrix (12 × 12), which allows all possible interactions between different slip systems. The latent hardening due to slip-slip interaction acts in combination with the latent hardening due to slip-twin interaction in raising the deformation resistance of the slip systems, which in turn enhances the propensity of twinning for the orientations along the β-fiber between the ideal Copper and S position. As a result, these β-fiber orientations are destabilized and reorient towards the α-fiber orientations in the Euler space. The proposed modeling framework is validated against experimental orientation distribution function sections after different rolling reductions. It was observed that inclusion of the combined latent hardening effect provides a superior agreement with the experimental textures compared to the standard approach of considering only the latent hardening due to slip-twin interaction in low stacking fault energy materials. The modeling work is aptly supported by detailed microstructural characterization involving estimation of twin fraction via X-ray line profile analysis, twin characteristics via transmission electron microscopy and the reorientation caused due to twinning via electron back scatter diffraction.
在本工作中,开发了一个解决高氮钢晶体织构演变的完整框架。所提出的框架的基本原则是在模拟高氮钢晶体织构演变的粘塑性自一致(VPSC)模型中包含由于滑移相互作用和滑移-孪相互作用引起的潜在硬化。通过指定完整的相互作用矩阵(12 × 12)来解释滑移相互作用引起的潜在硬化,该矩阵允许不同滑移系统之间的所有可能的相互作用。滑移-滑移相互作用的潜在硬化与滑移-孪晶相互作用的潜在硬化共同作用,提高了滑移体系的变形抗力,进而增强了理想铜位和S位之间沿β-纤维取向的孪晶倾向。结果,这些β-纤维取向在欧拉空间中不稳定并向α- α-纤维取向重新定向。通过不同滚动约简后的实验取向分布函数截面对所提出的建模框架进行了验证。结果表明,在低层错能材料中,与只考虑滑移-孪晶相互作用的潜在硬化的标准方法相比,考虑联合潜在硬化效应与实验织构的一致性更好。建模工作得到了详细的微观结构表征的支持,包括通过x射线线剖面分析估计孪晶分数,通过透射电子显微镜估计孪晶特征,以及通过电子背散射衍射测量孪晶引起的重定向。
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引用次数: 0
In-situ experiment and numerical modelling of the intragranular and intergranular damage and fracture in plastic deformation of ductile alloys 韧性合金塑性变形中晶内和晶间损伤与断裂的现场实验和数值模拟
IF 9.4 1区 材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104217
Wang Cai , Chaoyang Sun , Chunhui Wang , Lingyun Qian , M.W. Fu
In this research, a unified damage indication considering the intragranular and intergranular damage initiation and evolution was developed for studying the damage and fracture behaviours of the excellent ductile alloys represented by TWIP steels, and a cohesive zone model-crystal plasticity finite element method (CZM-CPFEM) approach was developed, where the crystal plasticity with coupled slip and twinning and the strain energy-based damage criterion was employed to reveal the plastic deformation and damage in grain interior (GI), while the quadratic nominal stress (QUADS) and the power law of the CZM were selected to describe the damage and cracking at the grain boundaries (GBs). The stress-strain responses, twin evolutions, damage nucleation and cracking of fine-grained (FG) and fine-/ultrafine-grained (F/UFG) TWIP steels were validated by in-situ SEM/EBSD tensile experiments. The effects of grain size, misorientation angle, grain orientation and initial microvoids on the GI and GB damage and fracture were studied and analysed by combining micromechanical tests and the CZM-CPFEM approach. The results demonstrated that the interaction of deformation mechanisms promoted the preferential initiation of microcracks at GBs and their junctions, while slip bands and twin bundles in GI induced the rapid growth and extension of the localized microcracks, eventually resulting in the mixed fracture mode of intergranular and intragranular cracks. In addition, GB damage was dominant for F/UFG TWIP steels. Increasing grain size can effectively suppress GB damage and increase the proportion of GI damage. Larger misorientation angles can weaken GB properties, while smaller misorientation angles effectively promote strain/stress coordination and delay GI and GB damage. Larger Schmid factors for slip and twinning are favourable for activating dislocations and twins, promoting strain/stress coordination to retard microcrack initiation and improving uniform elongation. Moreover, both initial microvoids can effectively reduce uniform tensile strength (UTS) and fracture strain. Specifically, the microvoids located at GBs and their junctions increase the percentage of GB damage and the possibility of intergranular cracking, especially at the quadruple junctions of GBs.
在这项研究中,为研究以 TWIP 钢为代表的优异韧性合金的损伤和断裂行为,开发了一种考虑晶内和晶间损伤起始和演化的统一损伤指示,并开发了一种内聚区模型-晶体塑性有限元法(CZM-CPFEM)方法、其中,采用具有耦合滑移和孪晶的晶体塑性以及基于应变能的损伤准则来揭示晶粒内部(GI)的塑性变形和损伤,同时选择二次名义应力(QUADS)和 CZM 的幂律来描述晶界(GB)的损伤和开裂。原位 SEM/EBSD 拉伸实验验证了细晶粒 (FG) 和细/超细晶粒 (F/UFG) TWIP 钢的应力-应变响应、孪生演变、损伤成核和开裂。结合微机械试验和 CZM-CPFEM 方法,研究和分析了晶粒大小、取向偏差角、晶粒取向和初始微空洞对 GI 和 GB 损伤和断裂的影响。结果表明,变形机制的相互作用促进了 GB 及其交界处微裂纹的优先萌生,而 GI 中的滑移带和孪晶束诱导了局部微裂纹的快速增长和扩展,最终导致晶间裂纹和晶内裂纹的混合断裂模式。此外,GB 损伤在 F/UFG TWIP 钢中占主导地位。增大晶粒尺寸可有效抑制 GB 损伤,增加 GI 损伤的比例。较大的错误取向角会削弱 GB 性能,而较小的错误取向角则能有效促进应变/应力协调,延迟 GI 和 GB 损伤。较大的滑移和孪生 Schmid 因子有利于激活位错和孪生,促进应变/应力协调以延缓微裂纹的产生,并改善均匀伸长率。此外,两种初始微空洞都能有效降低均匀拉伸强度(UTS)和断裂应变。具体来说,位于 GB 及其交界处的微空洞会增加 GB 损坏的百分比和晶间开裂的可能性,尤其是在 GB 的四重交界处。
{"title":"In-situ experiment and numerical modelling of the intragranular and intergranular damage and fracture in plastic deformation of ductile alloys","authors":"Wang Cai ,&nbsp;Chaoyang Sun ,&nbsp;Chunhui Wang ,&nbsp;Lingyun Qian ,&nbsp;M.W. Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, a unified damage indication considering the intragranular and intergranular damage initiation and evolution was developed for studying the damage and fracture behaviours of the excellent ductile alloys represented by TWIP steels, and a cohesive zone model-crystal plasticity finite element method (CZM-CPFEM) approach was developed, where the crystal plasticity with coupled slip and twinning and the strain energy-based damage criterion was employed to reveal the plastic deformation and damage in grain interior (GI), while the quadratic nominal stress (QUADS) and the power law of the CZM were selected to describe the damage and cracking at the grain boundaries (GBs). The stress-strain responses, twin evolutions, damage nucleation and cracking of fine-grained (FG) and fine-/ultrafine-grained (F/UFG) TWIP steels were validated by in-situ SEM/EBSD tensile experiments. The effects of grain size, misorientation angle, grain orientation and initial microvoids on the GI and GB damage and fracture were studied and analysed by combining micromechanical tests and the CZM-CPFEM approach. The results demonstrated that the interaction of deformation mechanisms promoted the preferential initiation of microcracks at GBs and their junctions, while slip bands and twin bundles in GI induced the rapid growth and extension of the localized microcracks, eventually resulting in the mixed fracture mode of intergranular and intragranular cracks. In addition, GB damage was dominant for F/UFG TWIP steels. Increasing grain size can effectively suppress GB damage and increase the proportion of GI damage. Larger misorientation angles can weaken GB properties, while smaller misorientation angles effectively promote strain/stress coordination and delay GI and GB damage. Larger Schmid factors for slip and twinning are favourable for activating dislocations and twins, promoting strain/stress coordination to retard microcrack initiation and improving uniform elongation. Moreover, both initial microvoids can effectively reduce uniform tensile strength (UTS) and fracture strain. Specifically, the microvoids located at GBs and their junctions increase the percentage of GB damage and the possibility of intergranular cracking, especially at the quadruple junctions of GBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 104217"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
FCC/B2 phase boundary variant-sensitive fatigue cracking in a eutectic high entropy alloy at high temperature 高温下共晶高熵合金FCC/B2相界变敏疲劳开裂
IF 9.4 1区 材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104223
Qinan Han , Siyu Zhao , Yuanbo T. Tang , Zhanglun Lu , Maureen A. Lopez , Ang Li , Haitao Cui , Roger C. Reed
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) show the potential for high-temperature structural applications, with their superior fatigue properties of particular significance. However, fatigue cracking can be initiated in these materials with phase boundaries (PBs) as a specific source of weakness. In this work, a model eutectic HEA is studied using both in situ and ex situ methods with emphasis on unravelling the roles of two variants of FCC/B2 PBs – (i) PBs between B2/Prior FCC (denoted here as Type I PB) and (ii) PBs between B2/eutectic FCC (denoted as Type II PB). Our work addresses two fundamental questions. First, do these two types of PB confer differences in behaviour on the microstructural scale? And second, under what conditions is fatigue cracking promoted or hindered? Our work demonstrates conclusively that the two variants of PB do indeed behave differently being influenced by a varying hardness mismatch on either side of the PBs – as confirmed by our nanoindentation results. Moreover, the PBs demonstrate different roles in fatigue cracking, being capable of both promotion and inhibition, depending on the angle between the crack direction and the directional morphology of the eutectic lamellar structure. In addition, certain microstructural orientations demonstrate the greatest resistance to fatigue cracking. These findings provide new insights for improving fatigue-resistant design by microstructural engineering, because the strengthening effect of PBs can be leveraged, and the eutectic lamellar direction can be optimised.
高熵合金(HEAs)以其优异的疲劳性能显示出高温结构应用的潜力。然而,在这些材料中,相界(PBs)作为特定的弱点来源可能会引发疲劳开裂。在这项工作中,使用原位和非原位方法研究了一个模型共晶HEA,重点是揭示FCC/B2 PBs的两种变体的作用- (i) B2/先前FCC之间的PBs(此处表示为i型PB)和(ii) B2/共晶FCC之间的PBs(表示为ii型PB)。我们的工作涉及两个基本问题。首先,这两种类型的PB是否在微观结构尺度上具有行为差异?第二,在什么条件下促进或阻碍疲劳开裂?我们的工作最终证明,PBs的两种变体确实受到PBs两侧不同硬度不匹配的影响而表现不同-正如我们的纳米压痕结果所证实的那样。此外,根据裂纹方向与共晶层状组织的定向形貌之间的角度不同,PBs在疲劳裂纹中表现出不同的促进和抑制作用。此外,某些显微组织取向表现出最大的抗疲劳开裂性。这些发现为通过微结构工程改进疲劳耐受性设计提供了新的见解,因为可以利用PBs的强化作用,并且可以优化共晶片层方向以获得最佳性能。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling inter- and intra-granular dislocation transport using crystal plasticity 利用晶体塑性模拟晶间和晶内位错输运
IF 9.4 1区 材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104222
Subhendu Chakraborty , Abigail Hunter , D.J. Luscher
This work presents the development of a crystal plasticity material model that incorporates both dislocation transport within grains and dislocation transfer across grain boundaries. This model has been implemented in the open-source finite element code MOOSE. In addition, a novel geometry-based criterion is developed to determine the direction of dislocation transfer across grain boundaries. The transfer criterion incorporates the geometric features of the grain boundary, such as the grain boundary plane normal, and its misorientation, which is accounted for through the orientation of the incoming and outgoing slip systems. The model is tested with several cases, including a copper single crystal, bi-crystal, and polycrystal. The development of the transfer criterion, implementation of the model, and its application to these test cases are discussed in detail.
这项工作提出了晶体塑性材料模型的发展,该模型结合了晶粒内的位错传递和跨晶界的位错传递。该模型已在开源有限元代码MOOSE中实现。此外,提出了一种新的基于几何的判据来确定位错跨晶界转移的方向。传递准则结合了晶界的几何特征,如晶界平面法向及其取向偏差,这是通过进出滑动系统的取向来解释的。该模型在几种情况下进行了测试,包括铜单晶,双晶和多晶。详细讨论了转移准则的开发、模型的实现及其在这些测试用例中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Interfacial dislocation networks in nickel-based superalloys: The hidden link between moiré patterns and sample sizes 镍基高温合金中的界面位错网络:莫尔条纹和样品尺寸之间的隐藏联系
IF 9.4 1区 材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104239
Bin Dong , Haifei Zhan , Yongnan Chen , He Zhang , Yihan Nie , Yuantong Gu , Chaofeng Lü
Nickel-based single crystal superalloys exhibit exceptional yield strength and creep resistance owing to their distinctive two-phase microstructure. This in silico study reported the hidden relationship between the moiré patterns and sample sizes, which govern the formation of interfacial dislocation networks (IDNs). The moiré superlattice arises from lattice misfit, and its compatibility with the γ′ phase size determines the integrity of IDNs, resulting in size-dependent dislocation patterns. Smaller models (size < 25 nm) display discrete dislocation networks due to high residual stress, while larger ones (size > 25 nm) maintain uniformly distributed perfect dislocation networks. These initial IDNs contribute to pseudo-elastic behavior and influence the dislocation activities. Specifically, smaller models experience intensified dislocation pile-up, resulting in higher plastic strength and lower ductility. This study provides insights into γ′ phase size effects on moiré patterns and mechanical behaviour across the elastic to plastic regimes in nickel-aluminium superalloys, offering valuable guidance for their modeling and experimental design.
镍基单晶高温合金由于其独特的两相组织而表现出优异的屈服强度和抗蠕变性能。这一计算机研究报告了控制界面位错网络(IDNs)形成的莫尔模式和样品大小之间的隐藏关系。moir超晶格产生于晶格失配,其与γ′相尺寸的相容性决定了IDNs的完整性,从而导致与尺寸相关的位错模式。较小的型号(尺寸<;25 nm)由于高残余应力而显示离散位错网络,而较大的位错网络(尺寸>;25 nm)保持均匀分布的完美位错网络。这些初始idn有助于伪弹性行为并影响位错活动。具体而言,较小模型的位错堆积加剧,导致塑性强度升高,塑性降低。本研究提供了γ′相尺寸对镍铝高温合金中弹性到塑性状态的波纹模式和力学行为的影响,为其建模和实验设计提供了有价值的指导。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the effect of cementite distribution on the deformation behavior of pearlitic steel wires under micropillar compression: A strain-gradient crystal plasticity approach 微柱压缩下渗碳体分布对珠光体钢丝变形行为的影响:应变梯度晶体塑性方法
IF 9.4 1区 材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104214
Abhishek Kumar Singh , Ki-Seong Park , Saurabh Pawar , Dahye Shin , Dongchan Jang , Shi-Hoon Choi
This study examines the deformation mechanisms in cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires using micropillar compression tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified five distinct regions characterized by varying cementite distributions, and nanoindentation tests were subsequently performed in these areas. Additionally, five micropillars were fabricated within these regions using focused ion beam (FIB) techniques. The micropillar compression results reveal a pronounced correlation between the mechanical behavior of micropillars and various microstructural parameters, including the cementite inclination angle (CIA), interlamellar spacing, and ferrite-cementite distribution. Furthermore, strain gradient crystal plasticity finite element analysis (SG-CPFEM) revealed a significant increase in geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) at the ferrite-cementite interfaces, which critically influences the effective slip resistance. The simulations also indicated that the presence of a ferrite-cementite interface significantly elevates GND concentrations, impacting the load-displacement behavior. Micropillars with cementite normal to the loading direction showed higher increases in GNDs, while reduced cementite spacings were found to amplify GND formation due to increased strain gradients in the ferrite phase. A shear fracture were predominant in pillars with CIA of 67.5º or higher, while kink band formations were observed in pillars with CIA of 22.5º or lower. The increase in GNDs is influenced by both the CIA and interlamellar spacing, highlighting their critical roles in determining mechanical properties.
本研究利用微柱压缩试验研究了冷拔珠光体钢丝的变形机制。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)确定了五个不同的区域,其特征是不同的雪明碳酸盐分布,随后在这些区域进行了纳米压痕测试。此外,还利用聚焦离子束(FIB)技术在这些区域内制造了五个微柱。微柱压缩结果表明,微柱的机械行为与各种微结构参数(包括雪明碳柱倾角 (CIA)、层间距和铁素体-雪明碳柱分布)之间存在明显的相关性。此外,应变梯度晶体塑性有限元分析(SG-CPFEM)显示,铁素体-水泥石界面上的几何必要位错(GND)显著增加,对有效抗滑性产生了关键影响。模拟结果还表明,铁素体-水泥石界面的存在会显著增加 GND 的浓度,从而影响负载-位移行为。与加载方向垂直的胶结物微柱显示出更高的 GND 增量,而胶结物间距的减小则由于铁素体相中应变梯度的增加而放大了 GND 的形成。剪切断裂主要出现在 CIA 为 67.5º 或更高的岩柱中,而扭结带则出现在 CIA 为 22.5º 或更低的岩柱中。GNDs 的增加受 CIA 和层间间距的影响,突出了它们在决定机械性能方面的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Novel distortional anisotropic hardening model mediated by microstructure evolutions in polycrystalline metals: Theory and validation 由多晶金属微观结构演变介导的新型畸变各向异性硬化模型:理论与验证
IF 9.4 1区 材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104227
Seonghwan Choi , Soo-Chang Kang , Jinwoo Lee , Myoung-Gyu Lee
In this study, we introduce a novel anisotropic hardening model designed to capture the macroscopic mechanical responses under complex loading paths while considering the mesoscopic evolutions of crystallographic structures. Based on the framework of homogeneous distortional anisotropic hardening, this model treats the plastic shear strain of each slip system as an internal variable. Utilizing the plastic work equivalence principle, the plastic shear rate within the slip system is determined, aligning with the evolution laws of rate-independent crystal plasticity (CP) theory. The model evaluates the Bauschinger effect and transient hardening at grain level and integrates it into the macroscopic yield function to describe phenomenological hardening responses. The model has been extensively validated against experimental and computational polycrystalline CP approaches, demonstrating its efficacy in capturing both the evolution of crystal textures and complex anisotropic hardening behaviors for both FCC and BCC materials. This proposed hardening model marks a significant advancement in material behavior modeling, effectively bridging the gap between microstructural mechanisms and macroscopic mechanical behavior in better practical way.
在这项研究中,我们引入了一种新的各向异性硬化模型,旨在捕捉复杂加载路径下的宏观力学响应,同时考虑晶体结构的细观演变。该模型基于均匀变形各向异性硬化框架,将各滑移体系的塑性剪切应变作为内部变量。利用塑性功等效原理,根据速率无关晶体塑性理论的演化规律,确定了滑移体系内的塑性剪切速率。该模型评估了包辛格效应和瞬态硬化在晶粒水平上的影响,并将其整合到宏观屈服函数中来描述现象性硬化响应。该模型已经通过实验和计算多晶CP方法进行了广泛的验证,证明了它在捕获FCC和BCC材料的晶体结构演变和复杂的各向异性硬化行为方面的有效性。提出的硬化模型标志着材料行为建模的重大进步,有效地弥合了微观结构机制和宏观力学行为之间的差距,更切合实际。
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International Journal of Plasticity
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