Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp499-507
Adil Mansouri, A. El Magri, El Khlifi Younes, R. Lajouad, Mohamed said Adouairi
Energy conversion is a pivotal process with widespread applications, spanning renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and industrial power grids. Selecting the right energy conversion topology is critical for optimizing system performance, efficiency, and reliability. This comprehensive review paper provides a thorough overview of energy conversion topologies used in photovoltaic (PV) panel systems, as well as their applicability in diverse domains. Furthermore, the paper conducts a detailed analysis of commonly employed energy conversion topologies. Each topology is meticulously examined based on its operating principles, advantages, drawbacks, and typical use cases. This comprehensive review serves as an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners engaged in the dynamic field of energy conversion, offering insights into both wind energy and photovoltaic panel systems.
{"title":"Comprehensive review and analysis of photovoltaic energy conversion topologies","authors":"Adil Mansouri, A. El Magri, El Khlifi Younes, R. Lajouad, Mohamed said Adouairi","doi":"10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp499-507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp499-507","url":null,"abstract":"Energy conversion is a pivotal process with widespread applications, spanning renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and industrial power grids. Selecting the right energy conversion topology is critical for optimizing system performance, efficiency, and reliability. This comprehensive review paper provides a thorough overview of energy conversion topologies used in photovoltaic (PV) panel systems, as well as their applicability in diverse domains. Furthermore, the paper conducts a detailed analysis of commonly employed energy conversion topologies. Each topology is meticulously examined based on its operating principles, advantages, drawbacks, and typical use cases. This comprehensive review serves as an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners engaged in the dynamic field of energy conversion, offering insights into both wind energy and photovoltaic panel systems.","PeriodicalId":340072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)","volume":"21 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a novel hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (HCHB MLI) designed to address the growing importance of multilevel inverters in the context of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and fuel cells. The proposed topology features eight insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches and utilizes two distinct input direct current (DC) sources: a battery and a capacitor, making it a hybrid system. The control strategy employed in this topology is based on fundamental switching frequency techniques. Simulation results of the proposed topology are conducted using MATLAB/Simulink software, while hardware experimentation with a single-phase H-bridge inverter is also demonstrated in the paper. For pulse generation and IGBT switch control, an Arduino UNO microcontroller is utilized. The output voltage of the single-phase H-bridge inverter is verified through experimentation using a cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO).
本文提出了一种新型混合级联 H 桥多级逆变器（HCHB MLI），旨在解决太阳能、风能和燃料电池等可再生能源背景下多级逆变器日益重要的问题。所提出的拓扑结构具有八个绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）开关，利用两种不同的输入直流电（DC）源：电池和电容器，使其成为一个混合系统。该拓扑采用的控制策略基于基本开关频率技术。本文使用 MATLAB/Simulink 软件对所提出的拓扑结构进行了仿真，并使用单相 H 桥逆变器进行了硬件实验。为了实现脉冲生成和 IGBT 开关控制，使用了 Arduino UNO 微控制器。单相 H 桥逆变器的输出电压通过阴极射线示波器 (CRO) 进行实验验证。
{"title":"Fundamental frequency switching strategies of a seven level hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter","authors":"Kalagotla Chenchireddy, Khammampati R. Sreejyothi, Podishetti Ganesh, Gatla Uday Kiran, Chilukuri Shiva, Banoth Nithish Kumar","doi":"10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp263-268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp263-268","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (HCHB MLI) designed to address the growing importance of multilevel inverters in the context of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and fuel cells. The proposed topology features eight insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches and utilizes two distinct input direct current (DC) sources: a battery and a capacitor, making it a hybrid system. The control strategy employed in this topology is based on fundamental switching frequency techniques. Simulation results of the proposed topology are conducted using MATLAB/Simulink software, while hardware experimentation with a single-phase H-bridge inverter is also demonstrated in the paper. For pulse generation and IGBT switch control, an Arduino UNO microcontroller is utilized. The output voltage of the single-phase H-bridge inverter is verified through experimentation using a cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO).","PeriodicalId":340072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)","volume":"8 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141228785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The continual depletion of fossil fuels and increased green-house emissions are persuading the consumers to install micro-renewable energy sources-based water pumping system. Among numerous energy sources, the solar-PV plays a significant role in water pumping application due to its virtuous, environment friendly, noise-free and abundant nature, so on. Along with solar-PV, the grid integrated system enables the continuous operation of water pumping system during varying temperature and irradiance conditions, and also delivers available solar-PV energy to grid during non-functional of pumping system. The above operations are carried by using bidirectional inverter which is controlled by using unit-vector control (UVC) technique. It consists of proportional-integral controller, which is not suited for regulation of DC-link voltage at desired level because of improper selection of gain values. In this work, an intelligent hybrid-fuzzy logic based UVC technique evidences the intelligent knowledge base for better regulation of DC-link voltage and power-flow of bidirectional inverter. The performance and operation of proposed hybrid-fuzzy logic control UVC technique for solar-PV/Grid integrated water-pumping system is evaluated under various operating cases by using MATLAB/Simulink tool; simulated results are conferred with superlative comparisons.
{"title":"A novel hybrid-fuzzy logic based UVC technique for solar-PV/grid integrated water-pumping system","authors":"Pidatala Prabhakara Sharma, Lingineni Shanmukha Rao, Moparthi Ranjith Kumar, Malineni Vidurasri","doi":"10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp415-427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp415-427","url":null,"abstract":"The continual depletion of fossil fuels and increased green-house emissions are persuading the consumers to install micro-renewable energy sources-based water pumping system. Among numerous energy sources, the solar-PV plays a significant role in water pumping application due to its virtuous, environment friendly, noise-free and abundant nature, so on. Along with solar-PV, the grid integrated system enables the continuous operation of water pumping system during varying temperature and irradiance conditions, and also delivers available solar-PV energy to grid during non-functional of pumping system. The above operations are carried by using bidirectional inverter which is controlled by using unit-vector control (UVC) technique. It consists of proportional-integral controller, which is not suited for regulation of DC-link voltage at desired level because of improper selection of gain values. In this work, an intelligent hybrid-fuzzy logic based UVC technique evidences the intelligent knowledge base for better regulation of DC-link voltage and power-flow of bidirectional inverter. The performance and operation of proposed hybrid-fuzzy logic control UVC technique for solar-PV/Grid integrated water-pumping system is evaluated under various operating cases by using MATLAB/Simulink tool; simulated results are conferred with superlative comparisons.","PeriodicalId":340072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)","volume":"16 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141235179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp442-452
Sreekala Vazhakkuzhackal Mohanan, Abhilash T. Vijayan
Electric vehicle batteries face fast degradation due to the high frequency of charging/discharging cycles and great peak power demands. Lifetime, continuity of supply and power density of these batteries affect the performance of electric vehicles (EVs). Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) offers a feasible solution by incorporating other energy storage elements like ultra-capacitor (UC) along with battery. Their combination provides higher efficiency and better performance in terms energy/power density. UC can behave like a power buffer when the EV is accelerating and regenerating. The HESS needs a controller that can split the available power between different sub systems as per demand. This paper presents a regulatory control strategy useful in HESS with battery and UC for the speed regulation of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor using a 3-port bidirectional DC-DC converter. The regulatory control strategy monitors the state of charge (SOC) of UC and a fuzzy logic controller regulates the power flow between HESS and the motor. Simulation in MATLAB validates the efficacy of the strategy. Simulation results and hardware evaluation confirm that the regulatory control scheme is effective in splitting the available power according to the load demand and achieves better energy efficiency.
{"title":"A regulatory power split strategy for energy management with battery and ultracapacitor","authors":"Sreekala Vazhakkuzhackal Mohanan, Abhilash T. Vijayan","doi":"10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp442-452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp442-452","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicle batteries face fast degradation due to the high frequency of charging/discharging cycles and great peak power demands. Lifetime, continuity of supply and power density of these batteries affect the performance of electric vehicles (EVs). Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) offers a feasible solution by incorporating other energy storage elements like ultra-capacitor (UC) along with battery. Their combination provides higher efficiency and better performance in terms energy/power density. UC can behave like a power buffer when the EV is accelerating and regenerating. The HESS needs a controller that can split the available power between different sub systems as per demand. This paper presents a regulatory control strategy useful in HESS with battery and UC for the speed regulation of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor using a 3-port bidirectional DC-DC converter. The regulatory control strategy monitors the state of charge (SOC) of UC and a fuzzy logic controller regulates the power flow between HESS and the motor. Simulation in MATLAB validates the efficacy of the strategy. Simulation results and hardware evaluation confirm that the regulatory control scheme is effective in splitting the available power according to the load demand and achieves better energy efficiency.","PeriodicalId":340072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)","volume":"70 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141230953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp294-302
Jnanaranjan Nayak, Sunil Kumar, P. Sahu, S. Jena
This paper presents a new control scheme for a boost DC–AC converter which is used for solar power applications. The proposed DC-AC converter configuration can produce an AC voltage level across the output or load side greater than input DC voltage based on the operating duty cycle. Generally, the conventional DC-AC converter or voltage source inverter (VSI) generates AC voltage which is less than input DC voltage. Maintaining a constant voltage across the load with improved dynamic performance is challenging for anyone for the solar photovoltaic (PV) system. A dual-loop sliding mode control is proposed for the boost VSI to address the above issues. The proposed controller has robust in nature against the wide fluctuation in the plant or load parameters. The design, analysis and control of the boost DC-AC converter are briefly discussed in this paper. This topology can be broadly used in solar powered uninterruptible power supply (UPS) where boosting operation is essential for low voltage solar PV system. This topology eliminates the DC boosting power processing stage which leads an improved efficiency of the overall system. The MATLAB/Simulink results are presented to highlight the above issues.
本文针对太阳能发电应用中的升压直流-交流转换器提出了一种新的控制方案。根据工作占空比，拟议的直流-交流转换器配置可在输出端或负载端产生大于输入直流电压的交流电压电平。一般来说，传统的直流-交流转换器或电压源逆变器（VSI）产生的交流电压小于输入直流电压。对于任何太阳能光伏（PV）系统而言，在改善动态性能的同时保持负载端恒定电压都具有挑战性。为解决上述问题，针对升压型 VSI 提出了一种双环滑动模式控制。所提出的控制器具有鲁棒性，可抵御电站或负载参数的大幅波动。本文简要讨论了升压 DC-AC 转换器的设计、分析和控制。这种拓扑结构可广泛应用于太阳能不间断电源 (UPS)，其中升压操作对低压太阳能光伏系统至关重要。这种拓扑结构省去了直流升压功率处理阶段，从而提高了整个系统的效率。MATLAB/Simulink 结果的呈现突出了上述问题。
{"title":"Analysis, design, and control of standalone PV based boost DC-AC converter","authors":"Jnanaranjan Nayak, Sunil Kumar, P. Sahu, S. Jena","doi":"10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp294-302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp294-302","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new control scheme for a boost DC–AC converter which is used for solar power applications. The proposed DC-AC converter configuration can produce an AC voltage level across the output or load side greater than input DC voltage based on the operating duty cycle. Generally, the conventional DC-AC converter or voltage source inverter (VSI) generates AC voltage which is less than input DC voltage. Maintaining a constant voltage across the load with improved dynamic performance is challenging for anyone for the solar photovoltaic (PV) system. A dual-loop sliding mode control is proposed for the boost VSI to address the above issues. The proposed controller has robust in nature against the wide fluctuation in the plant or load parameters. The design, analysis and control of the boost DC-AC converter are briefly discussed in this paper. This topology can be broadly used in solar powered uninterruptible power supply (UPS) where boosting operation is essential for low voltage solar PV system. This topology eliminates the DC boosting power processing stage which leads an improved efficiency of the overall system. The MATLAB/Simulink results are presented to highlight the above issues.","PeriodicalId":340072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)","volume":"116 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp434-441
Sampurna Panda, Rakesh Kumar, Babita Panda, B. Panda, Ashish Raj
The need for alternative energy sources becomes extensive because of the escalating cost of fossil fuels. The goal of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of combining photovoltaics and agriculture for better yield. Photovoltaic (PV) solar plants will compete with farms for available land. In this study, the methodologies are discussed how it is possible to maximize land utilization by placing solar arrays and food crops on the same plot of land. The term is proposed "agrivoltaic system" to describe this setup. Conventional solutions (discrimination of agricultural and energy extracting) were compared to two agrivoltaic schemes with varying density of PV arrays using land equivalent ratios. We utilized a crop model to simulate the amount of sunlight reaching the crop from an array of solar panels and to speculate on the yield reduction that would result from the partial shading. These early findings suggest that agrivoltaic systems may be highly effective; the two densities of PV panels were anticipated to boost worldwide land production by 73%. One possible explanation for the success of these hybrid systems is the presence of facilitation mechanisms analogous to those seen in agroforestry. At the end it is suggested that in places where arable land is rare, new solar plants may find it beneficial to produce both power and food.
{"title":"Combining solar panels with plants for sustainable energy and food production: state of the art","authors":"Sampurna Panda, Rakesh Kumar, Babita Panda, B. Panda, Ashish Raj","doi":"10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp434-441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp434-441","url":null,"abstract":"The need for alternative energy sources becomes extensive because of the escalating cost of fossil fuels. The goal of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of combining photovoltaics and agriculture for better yield. Photovoltaic (PV) solar plants will compete with farms for available land. In this study, the methodologies are discussed how it is possible to maximize land utilization by placing solar arrays and food crops on the same plot of land. The term is proposed \"agrivoltaic system\" to describe this setup. Conventional solutions (discrimination of agricultural and energy extracting) were compared to two agrivoltaic schemes with varying density of PV arrays using land equivalent ratios. We utilized a crop model to simulate the amount of sunlight reaching the crop from an array of solar panels and to speculate on the yield reduction that would result from the partial shading. These early findings suggest that agrivoltaic systems may be highly effective; the two densities of PV panels were anticipated to boost worldwide land production by 73%. One possible explanation for the success of these hybrid systems is the presence of facilitation mechanisms analogous to those seen in agroforestry. At the end it is suggested that in places where arable land is rare, new solar plants may find it beneficial to produce both power and food.","PeriodicalId":340072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)","volume":"89 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp351-361
Ismail Yusuf, R. Gianto
Steady state performances of the electric power distribution system are normally assessed or evaluated based on load flow analysis. To properly carry out the analysis, a valid steady state load flow model of each distribution system component, including the wind power plant (WPP), needs to be developed. The present paper proposes a method for modeling and integrating squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG)-based variable speed WPP into a three-phase unbalanced distribution system load flow (DSLF) analysis. The proposed method is based on a single-phase T-circuit model of fixed speed WPP, which has successfully been applied to balanced electric power systems. In the present work, the single-phase T-circuit model is extended and modified to be used in steady state load flow analysis of three-phase unbalanced distribution systems embedded with SCIG-based variable speed WPP. Results of the case studies confirm the validity of the proposed method.
配电系统的稳态性能通常根据负荷流分析进行评估或评价。为了正确进行分析，需要为包括风力发电站 (WPP) 在内的每个配电系统组件建立有效的稳态负载流模型。本文提出了一种建模方法，可将基于鼠笼式感应发电机（SCIG）的变速风力发电厂纳入三相不平衡配电系统负荷流（DSLF）分析中。所提方法基于定速 WPP 的单相 T 电路模型，该模型已成功应用于平衡电力系统。在本研究中，对单相 T 型电路模型进行了扩展和修改，以用于嵌入 SCIG 型变速水力发电机的三相不平衡配电系统的稳态负载流分析。案例研究结果证实了所提方法的有效性。
{"title":"Three-phase model of SCIG-based variable speed wind turbine for unbalanced DSLF analysis","authors":"Ismail Yusuf, R. Gianto","doi":"10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp351-361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp351-361","url":null,"abstract":"Steady state performances of the electric power distribution system are normally assessed or evaluated based on load flow analysis. To properly carry out the analysis, a valid steady state load flow model of each distribution system component, including the wind power plant (WPP), needs to be developed. The present paper proposes a method for modeling and integrating squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG)-based variable speed WPP into a three-phase unbalanced distribution system load flow (DSLF) analysis. The proposed method is based on a single-phase T-circuit model of fixed speed WPP, which has successfully been applied to balanced electric power systems. In the present work, the single-phase T-circuit model is extended and modified to be used in steady state load flow analysis of three-phase unbalanced distribution systems embedded with SCIG-based variable speed WPP. Results of the case studies confirm the validity of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":340072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In most industrial processes, rising productivity necessitates increased demand on electrical motors in order to minimize costs and improve drive system efficiency. The sensorless technique is preferred. Brushless DC (BLDC) motors compete with a wide range of different motor types in the motion control industry. The nonlinearity of BLDC motor characteristics is challenging to manage with a traditional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. The PID controller's fuzzy logic allowed it to tune itself while operating online. Hybrid approaches outperform stand-alone algorithms because they can overcome their weaknesses without losing their advantage. The purpose of this study is to present a fuzzy PI+D controller that is simulated over a wide range of reference speeds, loads, and parameter variations. This paper presents a model of a sensorless BLDC motor with a speed controller. The responses of the rotor speed, electromagnetic torque, stator back electromotive force (EMF), and stator currents are effectively monitored. The findings from the simulation indicate that the hybrid controller presented in this study exhibits resilience to rapid load torque and parameter fluctuation. Furthermore, it demonstrates superior dynamic performance and exhibits notable enhancements in speed tracking and system stability. The performance of the system is enhanced through the utilization of the proposed hybrid intelligent controller.
{"title":"Speed control of PM brushless DC motor using sensorless hybrid controller","authors":"Mogos Hailemikal Gebrehiwot, Tole Sutikno, Samrawit Legesse Gebreslasie, Haftom Aregawi Hagos","doi":"10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp303-319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp303-319","url":null,"abstract":"In most industrial processes, rising productivity necessitates increased demand on electrical motors in order to minimize costs and improve drive system efficiency. The sensorless technique is preferred. Brushless DC (BLDC) motors compete with a wide range of different motor types in the motion control industry. The nonlinearity of BLDC motor characteristics is challenging to manage with a traditional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. The PID controller's fuzzy logic allowed it to tune itself while operating online. Hybrid approaches outperform stand-alone algorithms because they can overcome their weaknesses without losing their advantage. The purpose of this study is to present a fuzzy PI+D controller that is simulated over a wide range of reference speeds, loads, and parameter variations. This paper presents a model of a sensorless BLDC motor with a speed controller. The responses of the rotor speed, electromagnetic torque, stator back electromotive force (EMF), and stator currents are effectively monitored. The findings from the simulation indicate that the hybrid controller presented in this study exhibits resilience to rapid load torque and parameter fluctuation. Furthermore, it demonstrates superior dynamic performance and exhibits notable enhancements in speed tracking and system stability. The performance of the system is enhanced through the utilization of the proposed hybrid intelligent controller.","PeriodicalId":340072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)","volume":"69 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141231249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp335-342
Nur Farhana Mohd Azlan, S. Ghani, M. S. A. Khiar, I. S. Chairul, Mohamad Nazri Mohamad Din
The integrity of the insulation in oil-filled power transformers, shunt reactors, and high voltage bushings can be affected when copper dissolves in the insulating oil and then deposits onto the paper insulation. The presence of dissolved copper in the oil increases dielectric losses, while copper deposition significantly improves the conductivity of the paper insulation. Various factors, including temperature, oxygen, sulfur groups, passivators, and ageing time, have been found to contribute to the acceleration of corrosion activity in transformer insulating oils. Unfortunately, there is a lack of extensive research focused on systematically analysing and measuring the impact of corrosion-related factors on the dissolution of copper in transformer insulating oils and the deposition of copper onto solid insulation surfaces (Kraft paper). Therefore, this study aims to thoroughly examine the effects of corrosion factors on copper and sulfur deposition on Kraft paper insulation when it is submerged in transformer mineral oil (TMO). Using a two-level (2k) factorial design, we investigated three crucial factors: i) oil temperature, ii) elemental sulfur concentration, and iii) ageing time. It is worth mentioning that the results obtained from the two-level factorial design indicate that the surface resistivity is primarily affected by the temperature of the oil. This factor alone explains a significant 38.68% of the observed variation. In order to improve predictability, a regression model was created to estimate the surface resistivity of TMO-impregnated paper insulation. This model takes into account factors such as oil temperature, elemental sulfur concentration, and ageing time.
{"title":"Investigating the effects of corrosion parameters on the surface resistivity of transformer’s insulating paper using a two-level factorial design","authors":"Nur Farhana Mohd Azlan, S. Ghani, M. S. A. Khiar, I. S. Chairul, Mohamad Nazri Mohamad Din","doi":"10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp335-342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp335-342","url":null,"abstract":"The integrity of the insulation in oil-filled power transformers, shunt reactors, and high voltage bushings can be affected when copper dissolves in the insulating oil and then deposits onto the paper insulation. The presence of dissolved copper in the oil increases dielectric losses, while copper deposition significantly improves the conductivity of the paper insulation. Various factors, including temperature, oxygen, sulfur groups, passivators, and ageing time, have been found to contribute to the acceleration of corrosion activity in transformer insulating oils. Unfortunately, there is a lack of extensive research focused on systematically analysing and measuring the impact of corrosion-related factors on the dissolution of copper in transformer insulating oils and the deposition of copper onto solid insulation surfaces (Kraft paper). Therefore, this study aims to thoroughly examine the effects of corrosion factors on copper and sulfur deposition on Kraft paper insulation when it is submerged in transformer mineral oil (TMO). Using a two-level (2k) factorial design, we investigated three crucial factors: i) oil temperature, ii) elemental sulfur concentration, and iii) ageing time. It is worth mentioning that the results obtained from the two-level factorial design indicate that the surface resistivity is primarily affected by the temperature of the oil. This factor alone explains a significant 38.68% of the observed variation. In order to improve predictability, a regression model was created to estimate the surface resistivity of TMO-impregnated paper insulation. This model takes into account factors such as oil temperature, elemental sulfur concentration, and ageing time.","PeriodicalId":340072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141230221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp483-498
S. Verma, Dinesh Kumar Yadav
The world is moving forward to a transition in the form of increasing the contribution of renewable energy sources in the energy sector, and among these, solar photovoltaic-based power generation is catching pace. Several factors are responsible for the lowering of outputs due to different degradation causes such as hotspots, corrosion, humidity, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, temperature effects, dust, aging, weathering, yellowing, snail trails, discoloration, junction box failure, delamination, cracks, and faults from the solar photovoltaic (PV) plants. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the various form of degradation and their implications on solar PV power plant performance. The review has been carried out considering the different degradation causes and their identification methods in solar PV plant. Further, the analysis has been done on the basis of the earlier studies to understand the rates of degradation for various solar PV power plants in various climatic conditions. The PV technologies used in solar power plants are also responsible for the change in the performance of power plants over time; therefore, degradation based on different solar PV cell technologies is also analyzed. The visual inspection tools like thermal imaging with IR cameras help identify areas with abnormal heat patterns, indicating potential issues like cell or interconnect failures, loose electrical connections, or bypass diode malfunctions while EL cameras are used to identify low-level electrical excitation and defects such as cracks, hotspots, and cell-level degradation.
{"title":"Recent research and developments of degradation assessment and its diagnosis methods for solar PV plant: a review","authors":"S. Verma, Dinesh Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp483-498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp483-498","url":null,"abstract":"The world is moving forward to a transition in the form of increasing the contribution of renewable energy sources in the energy sector, and among these, solar photovoltaic-based power generation is catching pace. Several factors are responsible for the lowering of outputs due to different degradation causes such as hotspots, corrosion, humidity, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, temperature effects, dust, aging, weathering, yellowing, snail trails, discoloration, junction box failure, delamination, cracks, and faults from the solar photovoltaic (PV) plants. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the various form of degradation and their implications on solar PV power plant performance. The review has been carried out considering the different degradation causes and their identification methods in solar PV plant. Further, the analysis has been done on the basis of the earlier studies to understand the rates of degradation for various solar PV power plants in various climatic conditions. The PV technologies used in solar power plants are also responsible for the change in the performance of power plants over time; therefore, degradation based on different solar PV cell technologies is also analyzed. The visual inspection tools like thermal imaging with IR cameras help identify areas with abnormal heat patterns, indicating potential issues like cell or interconnect failures, loose electrical connections, or bypass diode malfunctions while EL cameras are used to identify low-level electrical excitation and defects such as cracks, hotspots, and cell-level degradation.","PeriodicalId":340072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141229183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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