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MELODY OF AN ORAL RELIGIOUS SERMON 口头宗教布道的旋律
Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2023.1(50).285556
N. O. Kravchenko, S. S. Bohuslavskyi
The article is devoted to the study of the melodic organization of the texts of Anglican and Lutheran sermons, which are an integral part of services in the respective churches. Examining the compositional features of the texts of the researched sermons made it possible to identify four compositional parts that are necessarily present in both types of sermons (topic manifestation, citation, interpretation, conclusion), each of which is characterized by relative semantic and structural independence and pursues a specific pragmatic task. The research material, consisting of oral English and German sermons, was subjected to perceptual, auditory and instrumental analysis. A complex auditory and instrumental analysis of the melodic characteristics of preachers’ speech allows us to conclude that there is unity not only in the pragmatic tasks of preachers in the two most common Protestant trends, but also in the prosodic features of the texts of oral sermons. Integral melodic parameters include the use of emphatic phrasal stress on informative and/or emotionally significant parts of phrases in supraphrasal units, the distribution of maximums of the fundamental frequency over the compositional parts of the text, the width of the frequency range of phrases, which is achieved not only at the expense of high indicators of maxima fundamental frequency in sermon phrases, but also due to lowering the lower limit of fundamental frequency values. Distinctive features include the use of different pitch levels in peculiar parts of the text: in the initial part of the Anglican sermon, there is a predominance of low pitch level, while in the Lutheran sermon, the low voice level is the most used in the final part of the sermon. On the basis of the identified integral prosodic means involved in the organisation of the analysed texts, it is possible to state that Anglican and Lutheran sermons belong to the same type of preaching discourse.
本文致力于研究圣公会和路德会布道文本的旋律组织,这是各自教堂服务的组成部分。考察所研究的讲道文本的构成特征,可以确定在两种类型的讲道中都必然存在的四个组成部分(主题表现,引用,解释,结论),每个组成部分都具有相对的语义和结构独立性,并追求特定的语用任务。研究材料包括英语和德语的口头布道,对其进行了感性、听觉和工具分析。通过对传教士演讲的旋律特征进行复杂的听觉和乐器分析,我们可以得出这样的结论:不仅在两种最常见的新教趋势中,传教士的语用任务是统一的,而且在口头布道文本的韵律特征上也是统一的。整体旋律参数包括强调短语重音在短语超短语单元中信息和/或情感重要部分的使用,基频最大值在文本组成部分上的分布,短语频率范围的宽度,这不仅是以牺牲讲道短语中最高基频的高指标为代价实现的,而且也是由于降低了基频值的下限。不同的特点包括在文本的特殊部分使用不同的音高水平:在英国圣公会讲道的开始部分,低音高水平占主导地位,而在路德教会讲道中,低音高水平在讲道的最后部分使用最多。在分析文本组织中所涉及的确定的整体韵律手段的基础上,有可能说英国国教和路德教的讲道属于同一类型的讲道话语。
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引用次数: 0
TOURISM LEXIC IN FORMAL AND INFORMAL DISCOURSE 正式和非正式话语中的旅游词汇
Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2023.1(50).285563
V. V. Pryma
The article is dedicated to the study of the main problems and features of discourse as an extremely complex and multifaceted phenomenon. First of all, we defined the concept of “discourse” from the point of view of its main criteria and aspects of study. Discourse itself is defined as a type of communicative activity, an interactive phenomenon, a flown of speech, which has various forms of manifestation, takes place within a specific communication channel, as a result of which a wide variety of speech genres are formed. We consider “tourist discourse” as a text that is a communicative component (subsystem) of speech in combination with non-speech — pragmatic, socio-cultural, psychological and other factors. The components of tourism discourse include the discourse of actual travelers about their travels and their activities (living, food, entertainment), tour guides about places of interest, as well as the discourse of traveler bloggers who describe their travels using mass media, social networks, and their own blogs. According to the form, tourist discourse is presented in monologue (messages, stories, announcements, basic information about hotels, menus, articles, reviews, etc.) and dialogic communication (tourists, bloggers, hotel employees, etc.). After analyzing various studies, two main types of tourist discourse can be distinguished: formal and informal tourist discourse. Formal discourse from the point of view of vocabulary is represented by literary (both neutral and terminological) lexical and phraseological units. Formal tourism discourse is usually characterized by the use of highly specialized and interdisciplinary terminology, inherent only in this field. Informal tourism discourse is represented by colloquial (both literary and non-literary) vocabulary and phraseology. This includes professionalism and jargon. As a separate component of the tourist discourse, we single out texts that have an interdiscursive status and occupy an intermediate position between two parts of the tourist discourse, formal and informal. To such texts we refer to tourism journalism, which is touristic only in terms of its subject and mainly has features inherent in newspaper and journalistic texts.
本文致力于研究话语作为一种极其复杂和多方面的现象的主要问题和特征。首先,我们从话语的主要标准和研究方面对“话语”的概念进行了界定。话语本身被定义为一种交际活动,是一种互动现象,是在特定的交际渠道内发生的具有多种表现形式的言语活动,从而形成了多种多样的言语体裁。我们认为“旅游语篇”是语用、社会文化、心理等非言语因素共同作用下的语篇交际成分(子系统)。旅游话语的组成部分包括实际旅行者关于他们的旅行和活动(生活,食物,娱乐)的话语,导游关于名胜古迹的话语,以及旅行者博客作者使用大众媒体,社交网络和他们自己的博客描述他们的旅行的话语。根据形式,旅游话语以独白(留言、故事、公告、酒店基本信息、菜单、文章、评论等)和对话(游客、博主、酒店员工等)的形式呈现。通过对各种研究的分析,可以将旅游语篇分为正式旅游语篇和非正式旅游语篇。从词汇的角度来看,正式语篇是由文学(中性和术语)词汇和短语单位表示的。正式的旅游话语通常以使用高度专业化和跨学科的术语为特点,这些术语只在这个领域内固有。非正式的旅游话语是由口语(文学和非文学)词汇和短语表示的。这包括专业性和行话。作为旅游话语的一个独立组成部分,我们挑选出具有话语间地位的文本,并在旅游话语的正式和非正式两个部分之间占据中间位置。对于这样的文本,我们指的是旅游新闻,它只是在主题上是旅游的,主要具有报纸和新闻文本固有的特征。
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引用次数: 0
TABOOING OF THE ADJECTIVE «LINK» IN GERMAN LANGUAGE 德语中形容词“link”的禁忌
Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2023.1(50).285557
I. H. Kulyna
The proposed article is dedicated to highlighting the concept of «taboo» and the reasons for its existence in the German language, from the ancient times to the present. The aim of this work is studying the adjective «link» (left) and its tabooing in the German language in the diachronic aspect. The object of research is the adjective «link» and its tabooing in the diachronic perspective of its formation and functioning in the German language. The subject of the study is the linguistic features of the adjective «link» and the means of its taboo in the German language from the ancient times to the present. Ancient and modern dictionaries by V. V. Levytskyi, K. Duden, R. Schützeichel, B. Hennig, G. Varig served as the research material. The work uses descriptive and comparative-historical research methods. As a result of the research, it was found that the adjective «link» (left) had a negative connotation in the German language for many centuries in most cases, therefore it was taboo and replaced by certain linguistic euphemisms. The obtained data on the appearance and development of this adjective are of certain importance for the study and teaching of «History of the German Language», «Introduction to German Philology», «Lexicology of the German Language» as well as a practical course of the German language.
拟议的文章致力于强调“禁忌”的概念及其在德语中存在的原因,从古代到现在。本研究的目的是研究德语中形容词“link”(左)及其禁忌语的历时性。本文以德语中形容词“link”及其禁忌语为研究对象,从历时性的角度考察其在德语中的形成和作用。本文的研究对象是德语中形容词“link”从古至今的语言特征及其禁忌手段。V. V. Levytskyi, K. Duden, R. sch tzeichel, B. Hennig, G. Varig的古代和现代词典作为研究材料。这项工作使用描述性和比较历史的研究方法。研究结果发现,形容词“link”(左)在许多世纪以来的大多数情况下在德语中具有负面含义,因此它是禁忌,并被某些语言委婉语所取代。所获得的关于这个形容词的出现和发展的资料,对于《德语历史》、《德语语言学导论》、《德语词汇学》的研究和教学以及德语实践课程都具有一定的意义。
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引用次数: 0
ASSOCIATIVE PLUME OF CULTURAL ARTIFACTS 文化文物的联想羽流
Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2023.1(50).285554
O. Y. Karpenko, V. Y. Neklesova
The article focuses on the analysis of the associative perception of proper names. The purpose of the article is to analyze the associative plume of proper names that mark the naming of cultural artifacts of the onymic landscape. Onyms belonging to pop culture were chosen as the object of research, and their associative plume was the subject. The material of the research was 97 reactions of 30 respondents, which were submitted to three stimuli: Mona Lisa, Star Wars, Eurovision. The research methodology consists of conducting a free associative experiment with selected onyms-stimuli and analyzing the results of the experiment using the semantic gestalt of the associative field method. Reactions to the stimulus are naturally grouped around certain fragments of the conceptual picture of the world, which are reflected in this associative gestalt. Each stimulus formed a two-fold core of a semantic associative gestalt. The isomorphism of the core structure of associative gestalts does not deprive them of their originality, which is manifested in the potential of the dominant gestalt, which we associate with the fact that each cultural artifact has a multi-component structure that cannot be reflected only in a single associative plane. The distribution of onymic reactions also has a certain isomorphism: in all associative fields, anthroponymic reactions that nominate both real and virtual denotates prevail, which can be interpreted as a manifestation of the culture of participation, because in the picture of the world, the main initiator and participant of events is a person. In this way, the concept of anthropocentrism is actualized in modern Ukrainian society, which at the same time realizes and identifies itself through the prism of cultural artifacts, proper names, and a complex of memes. The respondents of the experiment were the representatives of the new generation, and their cultural picture of the world and its onymic part demonstrate commitment to tradition and, at the same time, the realization of their new understanding. All this allows us to assert that with the help of a free associative experiment it is possible to record cultural evolutionary progress.
本文着重分析了专有名词的联想知觉。本文的目的是分析标志着同名景观的文物命名的专有名称的联想羽。选取流行文化中的名字作为研究对象,并以其联想羽为研究对象。这项研究的材料是30名受访者的97个反应,他们被提交给三种刺激:蒙娜丽莎、星球大战、欧洲歌唱大赛。本研究的研究方法包括:对选定的人名刺激进行自由联想实验,并利用联想场法的语义格式塔对实验结果进行分析。对刺激的反应自然地围绕着世界概念图像的某些片段进行分组,这些片段反映在这种联想格式塔中。每个刺激形成一个语义联想格式塔的双重核心。联想格式塔的核心结构的同构性并没有剥夺它们的原创性,这体现在主导格式塔的潜力上,我们将其与这样一个事实联系起来,即每个文化产物都有一个多成分的结构,不能只反映在一个单一的联想平面上。同名反应的分布也具有一定的同构性:在所有联想领域中,同时提名真实和虚拟代表的同名反应普遍存在,这可以理解为参与文化的一种表现,因为在世界的图景中,事件的主要发起者和参与者是一个人。通过这种方式,人类中心主义的概念在现代乌克兰社会中得以实现,同时通过文化文物、专有名称和模因情结的棱镜实现和识别自己。实验的受访者是新一代的代表,他们对世界的文化图景及其同名部分表现出对传统的承诺,同时也实现了他们新的理解。所有这些都使我们断言,在自由联想实验的帮助下,有可能记录文化进化的进程。
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引用次数: 0
DECODING OF NOUNS IN RELATION TO THE VERBAL MODALITY SOLLEN: THE SYNERGETICQUANTITATIVE APPROACH 名词与动词情态sollen的解码:协同定量方法
Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2023.1(50).285552
V. V. Drebet
The presented work is one of the stages of noun research within a certain verbal modality. The focus of the article lies in the study of the generating noun content in relation to the verbal modality sollen in German from the perspective of linguosynergetic scientific paradigm, which considers language as a complex dynamic system capable of self-organization and self-regulation. In this study methodologically important is the position that the synergetic law of making the least effort and conservation of speech energy is the driving factor of language development. In a synergetic sense, the author of the article draws parallels between the dictionary as a representative of the linguistic generalization of the structured amount of knowledge of the learned extraverbal reality and the mental lexicon, which is not an arbitrary accumulation of contributions, but constitutes a structured hierarchical system of such contributions. If lexical units in the synergetic sense and their meanings at the language level contain coded structured information, then in the same aspect the paper considers the implementation of the word in one of its meanings at the speech level as information decoding. The linguosynergetic format of the research proposed in this article assumes that language as a self-regulating system under the influence of external energy and information has developed a mechanism of different representations of nouns in syntactic constructions with different verbal modality in German-language fiction and press. The results obtained on the basis of the synergetic-quantitative approach are extrapolated to linguosynergetic models of self-organization of noun names according to the principle of minimization of efforts, which directs the human mental lexicon to optimal decoding of semantic volume of polysemic or monosemic nouns in relation to the verbal modality sollen in German-language fiction and press. Once again it was proved that since the closest distances in the lexical structure of a word at the linguistic level are the closest in comparison with the structures of knowledge of the human mental lexicon, the construction of noun content in modern German on the synergetic principle of conservation of speech energy and minimization of efforts is the most optimal way of directing the mental lexicon of a person to decoding the semantic scope of the closets meanings of the polysemic and unambiguous monosemic word models.
本研究是某一特定情态下名词研究的一个阶段。本文从语言协同科学范式的角度出发,重点研究德语中名词词性的生成与动词情态的关系。语言协同科学范式认为语言是一个复杂的动态系统,具有自组织和自我调节的能力。在本研究中,最省力的协同规律和语言能量守恒是语言发展的驱动因素,这一观点在方法论上具有重要意义。在协同作用的意义上,这篇文章的作者将词典与心理词典相提并论,前者代表了语言外现实的结构化知识量的语言概括,后者不是任意积累的贡献,而是构成了这种贡献的结构化层次系统。如果协同意义上的词汇单位及其在语言层面的意义包含编码的结构化信息,那么在同一方面,本文认为该词在语音层面的一个意义上的实现是信息解码。本文提出的语言协同理论认为,语言作为一个自我调节的系统,在外部能量和信息的影响下,在德语小说和报刊中形成了名词在不同语态句法结构中的不同表征机制。在协同定量方法的基础上,根据努力最小的原则,将所得结果外推到名词名称自组织的语言协同模型中,指导人类心理词汇对德语小说和报刊中与动词情态相关的多义或单义名词的语义量进行最佳解码。再一次证明,由于在语言层面上,单词的词汇结构中最接近的距离与人类心理词汇的知识结构最接近,基于节约言语能量和省力的协同原则构建现代德语名词内容,是引导人的心理词汇对一词多义和无歧义的一词模式的隐义语义范围进行解码的最优方式。
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引用次数: 0
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH 英语教学的现代技术
Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2023.1(50).285571
N. M. Tkhor
The article is devoted to the review of modern mobile applications used in teaching English. The apps allow students to access a variety of learning materials such as video lessons, audio files, text materials, and more that can be used to improve reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. Many applications use game elements, causing more interest and motivation to learn. They can contain tasks, challenges, quests and educational games, which makes the learning process more interesting. In addition, the applications allow students to learn the language according to their needs and proficiency level. The advantages of using applications in learning English include convenience and accessibility (applications can be used on smartphones, tablets and computers, which allows you to study at any time and place convenient for you), a variety of materials (applications provide access to a variety of materials, such as videos, audios, texts, grammar exercises, etc. It helps to expand vocabulary, improve reading, listening and speaking skills), authentic material (videos with real teachers and native speakers, helping students to increase their understanding of real English and practice their listening skills), adaptive approach (many applications offer personalized courses depending on your learning level and goals. You can choose a topic that interests you or create your own set of materials), interactivity (applications offer various interactive exercises, games and challenges, which make the learning process interesting, which contributes to more effective learning of the material), feedback and error correction (some applications provide the opportunity to receive feedback and error correction from teachers or native speakers).
本文对现代移动应用程序在英语教学中的应用进行了综述。这些应用程序允许学生访问各种学习材料,如视频课程、音频文件、文本材料,以及更多可以用来提高阅读、写作、听力和口语技能的材料。许多应用程序使用游戏元素,引起更多的兴趣和学习动机。它们可以包含任务、挑战、任务和教育游戏,这使得学习过程更加有趣。此外,应用程序允许学生根据自己的需要和熟练程度学习语言。使用应用程序学习英语的优点包括便利性和可访问性(应用程序可以在智能手机,平板电脑和电脑上使用,这让你可以在任何时间和地点方便地学习),材料的多样性(应用程序提供各种材料的访问,如视频,音频,文本,语法练习等。它有助于扩大词汇量,提高阅读,听力和口语技能),真实的材料(视频与真正的老师和母语人士,帮助学生增加他们对真实英语的理解和练习他们的听力技能),适应性的方法(许多应用程序提供个性化的课程,根据你的学习水平和目标。你可以选择一个你感兴趣的话题或创建你自己的一套材料),互动性(应用程序提供各种互动练习,游戏和挑战,使学习过程变得有趣,这有助于更有效地学习材料),反馈和纠错(一些应用程序提供了从老师或母语人士那里接收反馈和纠错的机会)。
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引用次数: 0
DYNAMIC PECULIAITIES OF MARITIME COMMANDS IN THE ENGLISH SHIPPING DISCOURSE AND FEATURE FILM DISCOURSE 英语航运语篇和故事片语篇中海事命令的动态特征
Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2023.1(50).285572
G. V. Kharkova
The article is dedicated to the study of the dynamic features of the prosodic organization of English maritime commands used in two types of discourse: authentic shipping discourse and feature film discourse. The research material included audio and video recordings of 120 maritime commands with a total duration of 72 minutes. Audio and video recordings of 60 implementations of English maritime commands were used to investigate commands in the authentic shipping discourse, while video and soundtracks from 10 English-language films containing 60 commands were used to investigate maritime commands spoken by the characters in English-language feature films. The work uses two types of analysis, namely: perceptual analysis of speech segments and instrumental analysis using the PRAAT 6.1.05 software package. The results of a comparative analysis of the prosodic features of authentic maritime commands with maritime commands extracted from British and American films indicate that they differ significantly in a number of dynamic parameters, including different loudness and intensity range; localization of intensity maxima within the syntagm; the coincidence of the maxima of the fundamental frequency and the intensity within the syntagm. A common feature of maritime commands in the two studied types of discourse is the most frequent use of high and volume moderate during their utterance. The study proves that maritime commands in English-language films are characterized by a wider intensity range compared to authentic maritime commands; the maximum of intensity in the syntagm is most frequently localized on the nuclear syllable, and the percentage of the localization on the scale is the lowest; the highest coincidence of the maximum of the fundamental frequency and the intensity also falls on the nuclear syllable of the syntagm.
本文研究了真实航运语篇和故事片语篇两类语篇中英语海事命令韵律组织的动态特征。研究材料包括120个海上司令部的音频和视频记录,总时长为72分钟。使用60个英语海事命令的音频和视频记录来调查真实航运话语中的命令,同时使用包含60个命令的10部英语电影的视频和音轨来调查英语故事片中角色所说的海事命令。本研究使用了两种类型的分析,即:语音片段的感知分析和使用PRAAT 6.1.05软件包的工具分析。通过对真实的海洋命令与英美电影中提取的海洋命令的韵律特征进行对比分析,结果表明,它们在多个动态参数上存在显著差异,包括不同的响度和强度范围;强度最大值在句法内的定位;基频最大值与组合内强度的重合。在两种研究类型的话语中,海上命令的一个共同特征是在他们的话语中最频繁地使用高音量和中等音量。研究证明,与真实的海上命令相比,英语电影中的海上命令具有更大的强度范围;句法中强度的最大值最常定位在核音节上,而定位在音阶上的比例最低;基频最大值和强度的最高重合也落在句法的核音节上。
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引用次数: 0
THE MAIN FEATURES OF TERM-COMBINATION HIGHLIGHTING IN CORPUS-APPLIED TRANSLATION STUDIES 语料库应用翻译研究中词汇组合突出的主要特点
Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2023.1(50).285550
Y. I. Demyanchuk
The article is dedicated to the analysis of the main features of term-combination highlighting in corpus-applied translation studies. The fundamental theoretical milestones of the emergence of quantitative indicators for identifying term combinations in a text corpus, corpus-based indicators of contextual adequacy, and corpus-based indicators of grammatical consistency have been defined. It is worth noting that the strengthening of logical determinism of the linguistic phenomenon reflects an integrated hierarchical approach to document classification based on word distance in corpus-applied translation studies. This is explained by clustering meaningful units that can be unambiguously identified and translated into quantitative indicators that correlate with term-combinations. The research justifies the use of a data metric that allows tracking the genre groups of relevant documents and proposes additional research potential in the field of terminology research in official and business texts of NATO, UN, WTO. The mechanism for evaluating vector representations of term-combinations established on official and business documents, designed to reflect semantic similarity between words, sentences, and texts, is revealed. The scientific inquiry substantiates the use of cosine distance to represent a word in input data and in language models, which serve as a means of computation during document comparison and incorporate the terminology of international organizations such as NATO, UN, WTO. It is proven that an important aspect of the quantitative indicator is ensuring consistency of the analyzed phenomenon, which contributes to the precision of reproducing epistemological terminology. Additionally, a valuable reference point in the process of reproducing term-combinations in corpus-based applied translation studies is the corpus-based indicator of contextual adequacy, which involves contextual analysis where the term-combination is used. The presented feature of contextual adequacy expands the linguistic formality of official and business texts. Thus, the scientific article emphasizes the axiomatic function of the aforementioned characteristics, which lies in reproducing term-combinations in different contexts to conceptually understand semantic nuances of language elements and consider lexical-semantic regularities of term combination reproduction. It is revealed that the corpus-based indicator of grammatical consistency draws attention to the specificity of adequate grammatical structures in corpus-applied translation studies, which contributes to preserving the overall structure and semantics of the text during the translation of term-combinations and demonstrates heuristic models, grammatical guidelines, and priorities of grammatical correspondence between the original and the translation.
本文分析了语料库应用翻译研究中术语组合突出的主要特点。已经定义了用于识别文本语料库中术语组合的定量指标、基于语料库的上下文充分性指标和基于语料库的语法一致性指标的出现的基本理论里程碑。值得注意的是,语言现象逻辑决定论的强化反映了语料库应用翻译研究中基于词距离的综合层次化文档分类方法。这是通过聚类有意义的单位来解释的,这些单位可以明确地识别并转化为与术语组合相关的定量指标。该研究证明了数据度量的使用是合理的,该度量允许跟踪相关文件的类型组,并提出了北约、联合国、世贸组织官方和商业文本术语研究领域的其他研究潜力。揭示了用于评估在官方和商业文档中建立的术语组合的向量表示的机制,旨在反映单词、句子和文本之间的语义相似性。科学调查证实了在输入数据和语言模型中使用余弦距离来表示单词,这是文件比较期间的计算手段,并纳入了北约、联合国、世贸组织等国际组织的术语。定量指标的一个重要方面是确保所分析现象的一致性,这有助于再现认识论术语的准确性。此外,在基于语料库的应用翻译研究中再现术语组合的过程中,一个有价值的参考点是基于语料库的语境充分性指标,它涉及到使用术语组合的语境分析。语境充分性的特征扩展了官方和商务语篇的语言形式。因此,科学文章强调上述特征的公理化功能,即在不同语境中再现术语组合,从而从概念上理解语言要素的语义细微差别,并考虑术语组合再现的词汇语义规律。结果表明,基于语料库的语法一致性指标在语料库翻译研究中关注适当语法结构的特殊性,有助于在翻译术语组合时保留文本的整体结构和语义,并展示了启发式模型、语法指南和原文与译文之间语法对应的优先级。
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引用次数: 0
TOPONYMICS OF ODESA: LINGUISTIC ASPECT 敖德萨的地名:语言学方面
Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2023.1(50).285547
A. Ye. Boldyreva, L. S. Yarovenko
This article describes and analyses a separate group of proper names — toponyms. Here, the views of well-known Ukrainian scientists-onomysts on the development of toponymy in Ukraine are presented, the classification of toponyms is considered. Special attention is paid to the toponymy of the city of Odesa. Toponymy is of deep interest for many sciences, in particular for linguistics, history, ethnography and geography. Since toponyms are an integral part of the geographical environment and culture of the people, there is a natural desire to understand geographical names, to establish how they are formed, develop and die, what they signify. Probably almost all scientists of linguistic fields will agree with the opinion that toponyms are a unique linguistic phenomenon. The emergence of proper names of this field is a complex linguistic-historical process that cannot be reduced to one or even several word-formation models. Toponyms are that special section of onomastics that requires special study, arrangement and careful protection in connection with the functions they perform not only in language, but also in history and society. Geographical names are found everywhere — on maps, in postal addresses, in newspaper articles and in everyday conversation. They allow humanity to navigate in space. Thus, toponyms have a spatial reference and can tell a lot about the territory, the history of its settlement, development and economic use. It is geographers who know the popular geographical terms that form toponyms. Finally, correct spelling of toponyms is very important when making maps. Thus, this type of onyms is an integral part of the life of any state, and more precisely, one of its distinctive symbols. Ukrainian toponyms arose in different historical eras, changed over time in form, and often in content, spread depending on certain historical events — population migration, wars, cultural and linguistic communication. In this regard, toponyms are a source of history, as it provides ethnography with a large amount of interesting information. The examination and analysis of local toponyms of Odesa allows us to find out the peculiarities of ethnogenetic processes in the territory of the city, to reveal the essence of the people’s worldview and life activities.
本文描述并分析了一组单独的专有名称——地名。本文介绍了乌克兰著名的科学家和经济学家对乌克兰地名发展的看法,并对地名的分类进行了思考。特别值得注意的是敖德萨市的地名。地名是许多科学,特别是语言学,历史学,人种学和地理学的浓厚兴趣。由于地名是地理环境和人民文化的一个组成部分,人们自然希望了解地名,确定地名是如何形成、发展和消亡的,它们意味着什么。几乎所有语言学领域的科学家都会同意,地名是一种独特的语言现象。这一领域专有名词的产生是一个复杂的语言历史过程,不能简化为一种甚至几种构词模式。地名是专门语的一个特殊部分,不仅在语言上,而且在历史和社会上都具有一定的功能,需要对其进行专门的研究、整理和精心的保护。地名随处可见——在地图上、在邮政地址上、在报纸文章中以及在日常会话中。它们使人类能够在太空中航行。因此,地名具有空间参考意义,可以告诉我们很多关于这片领土、它的定居、发展和经济利用的历史。是地理学家知道那些形成地名的流行地理术语。最后,在制作地图时,正确拼写地名是非常重要的。因此,这种类型的名字是任何国家生活中不可或缺的一部分,更确切地说,是其独特的象征之一。乌克兰地名产生于不同的历史时期,随着时间的推移在形式上发生变化,而且往往在内容上发生变化,根据某些历史事件——人口迁移、战争、文化和语言交流——而传播。在这方面,地名是历史的来源,因为它为民族志提供了大量有趣的信息。通过对敖德萨地名的考察和分析,我们可以发现敖德萨地域内民族发生过程的特殊性,揭示敖德萨人的世界观和生活活动的本质。
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引用次数: 0
CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPO AND PAUSES OF ENGLISH SERMON IN FILM DISCOURSE 电影话语中英语布道的语速和停顿特征
Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2023.1(50).285573
S. S. Shevchenko
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the temporal (tempo and pause) organization of monologue-type utterances of preaching character in English-language feature films. Since the rhetorical actions of the preacher are realized not only during the ritual church sermon from the pulpit, but also involve situational speeches outside the temple and private conversations with parishioners on spiritual topics, the article examines the temporal organization of these three types of speech activity of the preacher, since they are a component of priest’s speech behaviour in various communicative situations. Examining the peculiarities of religious discourse from the point of view of pragmasemantics made it possible to focus on the basic concept of this special discourse — the concept of “faith”, since it is not only a unit of the mental lexicon, but also that spiritual support that reflects the peculiarities of the spiritual mentality of a religious person. The research material, consisting of oral English-language sermons, speeches, and conversations extracted from five contemporary English-language feature films, was subjected to perceptual, auditory, and instrumental analysis. A complex auditory and instrumental analysis of the temporal characteristics of preachers’ speech allows us to conclude that there is a correlation between changes in the rate of the preacher’s speech and his assessment of the communicative and pragmatic value of his speech. A separate study of the functioning of pauses of various types (structural, rhetorical, and hesitation pauses) in the studied speech material proved the great pragmatic potential of this intonation parameter in fulfilling the communicative task of oral religious discourse.
本文旨在研究英语故事片中布道角色独白式话语的时间(节奏和停顿)组织特点。由于传教士的修辞行为不仅在教堂讲坛上的仪式布道中实现,而且还涉及寺庙外的情境演讲和与教区居民就精神话题进行的私人谈话,因此本文考察了传教士这三种类型的言语活动的时间组织,因为它们是牧师在各种交际情境中的言语行为的组成部分。从语用学的角度考察宗教话语的特殊性,可以关注这一特殊话语的基本概念——“信仰”概念,因为它不仅是心理词汇的一个单位,而且是反映宗教人士精神心态特殊性的精神支撑。研究材料包括从五部当代英语故事片中提取的英语口语布道、演讲和对话,并进行了感知、听觉和工具分析。通过对传教士讲话的时间特征进行复杂的听觉和工具分析,我们可以得出这样的结论:传教士讲话频率的变化与他对自己讲话的交际和语用价值的评估之间存在相关性。另一项对所研究的言语材料中各种类型的停顿(结构停顿、修辞停顿和犹豫停顿)的功能的研究证明了这种语调参数在完成口头宗教话语的交际任务方面具有巨大的语用潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi
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