Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268202
O. Pelivan
The immediate aim of the article is to define linguo-prosodic means of politeness/impoliteness realization in English informal conflict dialogiсal discourse. The article examines the functioning of prosody as a means of implementing politeness/ impoliteness in conflict discourse depending on the degree of its formality, which highlights the general relevance of the topic. The analysed informal conflict dialogical units were subdivided into polite and impolite. Thus, in this work we investigate 2 types of informal conflict dialogical units: polite informal and impolite informal. The basic type of informal conflict situations, touching collucutors’ personal life, their family relations, is a family conflict, developing in three major directions: parents — children; husband — wife; brother/sister — brother/sister. Conflicts between family members can take different scenarios depending on inner family relations of conflicting sides. Most frequently conflicts occur between children and parents and between married couples. The main purpose of parents is to make their children change direction of their actions according to their (parents’) ideas and interests. Parents do their best to save asymmetrical correlation of their role and their children’s role within a family, as such placing of roles gives them advantage in realization of their aims. Parents make ample use of orders, prohibitions, threats, reproaches, etc. Children’s communicative strategy in such conflict situations is conditioned by a strong desire to make their family role as important as their parents’ one. The most frequent conflict reasons within a family is violation of both family and social obligations by one or both partners. The most frequent reason of conflict in siblings’ relations is their struggle for personal interests or space; envy; one of the conflict-creating factors is their desire to prove their social importance to each other. On the whole, in impolite informal conflict intercourse the conduct of spouses depends a great deal on their social status and education. Low social status married couples in most cases do not control their emotions, do not think about the conflict consequences, do not try to keep a wife (husband) away from undesirable stresses. In some occasions high social status married couples were characteristic of arrogance, snobbery, scorn, that resulted in aggressive verbal conduct during a conflict. Impolite informal conflict cooperation between brothers and sisters is also characteristic of high emotionality degree. Collocutors do not hide their negative feelings and emotions, are not afraid to talk unpleasant, rough and abusive things. At prosodic level it is expressed by high volume and quick speech tempo, as communication participants speak very quickly; although their speech slows down on semantically and emphatically important areas of the dialogue, i. e. semantically and emphatically important remarks are foregrounded via their prolonging. The cond
{"title":"LINGUO-PROSODIC MEANS OF POLITENESS/ IMPOLITENESS REALIZATION IN ENGLISH INFORMAL CONFLICT DIALOGICAL DISCOURSE","authors":"O. Pelivan","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268202","url":null,"abstract":"The immediate aim of the article is to define linguo-prosodic means of politeness/impoliteness realization in English informal conflict dialogiсal discourse. The article examines the functioning of prosody as a means of implementing politeness/ impoliteness in conflict discourse depending on the degree of its formality, which highlights the general relevance of the topic. The analysed informal conflict dialogical units were subdivided into polite and impolite. Thus, in this work we investigate 2 types of informal conflict dialogical units: polite informal and impolite informal. The basic type of informal conflict situations, touching collucutors’ personal life, their family relations, is a family conflict, developing in three major directions: parents — children; husband — wife; brother/sister — brother/sister. Conflicts between family members can take different scenarios depending on inner family relations of conflicting sides. Most frequently conflicts occur between children and parents and between married couples. The main purpose of parents is to make their children change direction of their actions according to their (parents’) ideas and interests. Parents do their best to save asymmetrical correlation of their role and their children’s role within a family, as such placing of roles gives them advantage in realization of their aims. Parents make ample use of orders, prohibitions, threats, reproaches, etc. Children’s communicative strategy in such conflict situations is conditioned by a strong desire to make their family role as important as their parents’ one. The most frequent conflict reasons within a family is violation of both family and social obligations by one or both partners. The most frequent reason of conflict in siblings’ relations is their struggle for personal interests or space; envy; one of the conflict-creating factors is their desire to prove their social importance to each other. On the whole, in impolite informal conflict intercourse the conduct of spouses depends a great deal on their social status and education. Low social status married couples in most cases do not control their emotions, do not think about the conflict consequences, do not try to keep a wife (husband) away from undesirable stresses. In some occasions high social status married couples were characteristic of arrogance, snobbery, scorn, that resulted in aggressive verbal conduct during a conflict. Impolite informal conflict cooperation between brothers and sisters is also characteristic of high emotionality degree. Collocutors do not hide their negative feelings and emotions, are not afraid to talk unpleasant, rough and abusive things. At prosodic level it is expressed by high volume and quick speech tempo, as communication participants speak very quickly; although their speech slows down on semantically and emphatically important areas of the dialogue, i. e. semantically and emphatically important remarks are foregrounded via their prolonging. The cond","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48125752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268203
I. P. Popik, N. M. Tkhor
The article is devoted to the study of linguistic graphic means and the author’s narrative in M. Haddon’s novel «The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time». The subject of the research is a polycode artistic text, the object is the functions of graphic means of depicting reality and the features of the author’s narrative in the novel under study. The relevance of this work is determined by the increasing frequency of the use of polycode elements in works of modern literature, as well as the relatively small number of studies devoted to this topic. The main research method was contextual-interpretative, the essence of which is to study the text in different types of context based on the researcher’s interpretation of text categories and components. Iconic and paragraphemic elements are used in the text. Paragraphemic ones include font, indents, layout of the text on the page, uppercase or lowercase letters. According to the research, paragraphemic elements occur with a high frequency, express the subjective attitude of the character to the statement, indicate the type of connections of the selected text with the plot of the work, give an idea of the place of such a text in the general textual space. The iconic element — diagrams, drawings, pictures — serve as a supplement to the main textual description of the realities of the novel. Iconic elements remain incomprehensible without textual support. They, like paragraphemic elements, serve to attract the attention of the addressee, facilitate the perception of the text, and in some cases serve to further reveal the character of the protagonist. The representation of character language is at a somewhat primitive level, which serves for better implementation of the author’s idea. Polysyndeton, various types of repetition, parallel constructions should be mentioned among the main stylistic devices. All these methods add logic and concreteness to the presentation, which is sometimes grotesque, with the help of which an authentic and very characteristic image of the narrator is created.
{"title":"STYLISTIC FEATURES OF THE AUTHOR’S NARRATIVE IN THE NOVEL BY M. HADDON «THE CURIOUS INCIDENT OF THE DOG IN THE NIGHT-TIME»","authors":"I. P. Popik, N. M. Tkhor","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268203","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of linguistic graphic means and the author’s narrative in M. Haddon’s novel «The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time». The subject of the research is a polycode artistic text, the object is the functions of graphic means of depicting reality and the features of the author’s narrative in the novel under study. The relevance of this work is determined by the increasing frequency of the use of polycode elements in works of modern literature, as well as the relatively small number of studies devoted to this topic. The main research method was contextual-interpretative, the essence of which is to study the text in different types of context based on the researcher’s interpretation of text categories and components. Iconic and paragraphemic elements are used in the text. Paragraphemic ones include font, indents, layout of the text on the page, uppercase or lowercase letters. According to the research, paragraphemic elements occur with a high frequency, express the subjective attitude of the character to the statement, indicate the type of connections of the selected text with the plot of the work, give an idea of the place of such a text in the general textual space. The iconic element — diagrams, drawings, pictures — serve as a supplement to the main textual description of the realities of the novel. Iconic elements remain incomprehensible without textual support. They, like paragraphemic elements, serve to attract the attention of the addressee, facilitate the perception of the text, and in some cases serve to further reveal the character of the protagonist. The representation of character language is at a somewhat primitive level, which serves for better implementation of the author’s idea. Polysyndeton, various types of repetition, parallel constructions should be mentioned among the main stylistic devices. All these methods add logic and concreteness to the presentation, which is sometimes grotesque, with the help of which an authentic and very characteristic image of the narrator is created.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43871657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268194
Y. Kornielaieva
The article presents an overview of the main trends and approaches to the study of political discourse. The combination of linguistic and ideological structural approaches to the discourse analysis of specific texts leads to an understanding of discourse as a point of intersection of language and ideology, and discursive analysis as an analysis of ideological aspects of language use and the implementation of a certain ideology in language. Institutional discourse is a discourse determined by the types of social institutions formed in a certain society, characterized by a number of linguistically relevant features determined by such factors as the purpose of communication, the representative communicative function of its participants, and fixed typical circumstances of communication. One of the types of institutional discourse is political discourse, which is a reflection of the socio-political life of the country, contains elements of its culture, and also reflects the features of the national character, general and national-specific cultural values, and aims to gain and maintain political power. The main functions of political discourse are informative, instrumental, prognostic, normative, legitimating, persuasive and political propaganda. In political linguistics, genres related to the functioning of the political system are distinguished (for example, parliamentary debates, political manifestos and programs, reports of party leaders at conferences, political documents), genres related to mass media (for example, political news, political interviews, talk shows, political advertising in the press) and genres related to the public sphere (for example, meetings with citizens, political forums). Emphasizing the special role of the media in the implementation of political discourse, with the help of which it becomes addressed to a large audience, public, there is a tendency to merge the discourse of the mass media and political discourse.
{"title":"POLITICAL DISCOURSE: MAIN TRENDS AND APPROACHES","authors":"Y. Kornielaieva","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268194","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an overview of the main trends and approaches to the study of political discourse. The combination of linguistic and ideological structural approaches to the discourse analysis of specific texts leads to an understanding of discourse as a point of intersection of language and ideology, and discursive analysis as an analysis of ideological aspects of language use and the implementation of a certain ideology in language. Institutional discourse is a discourse determined by the types of social institutions formed in a certain society, characterized by a number of linguistically relevant features determined by such factors as the purpose of communication, the representative communicative function of its participants, and fixed typical circumstances of communication. One of the types of institutional discourse is political discourse, which is a reflection of the socio-political life of the country, contains elements of its culture, and also reflects the features of the national character, general and national-specific cultural values, and aims to gain and maintain political power. The main functions of political discourse are informative, instrumental, prognostic, normative, legitimating, persuasive and political propaganda. In political linguistics, genres related to the functioning of the political system are distinguished (for example, parliamentary debates, political manifestos and programs, reports of party leaders at conferences, political documents), genres related to mass media (for example, political news, political interviews, talk shows, political advertising in the press) and genres related to the public sphere (for example, meetings with citizens, political forums). Emphasizing the special role of the media in the implementation of political discourse, with the help of which it becomes addressed to a large audience, public, there is a tendency to merge the discourse of the mass media and political discourse.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43296263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268200
S. Maslova
The article is devoted to the analysis of the nomenclature of means of expressing epistemic modality in the English language. At the functional-semantic level, the semantics of epistemic assessment is reflected in the values of units of the morphological, lexical, and syntactic levels of language, capable of performing the following semantic functions at the level of utterance: the degree of confidence of the speaker, the degree of validity of judgment, subjectivity, and unreality. Since the combined common function of all means of expressing epistemic evaluation is to reflect the speaker’s incomplete epistemic commitment based on his insufficient epistemic guarantees, the degree of confidence and the degree of justification act as the basic semantic functions of epistemic evaluation. The first reflects the epistemic commitment that the speaker accepts, and the second — his epistemic guarantees. Depending on the quality of epistemic guarantees, the validity can be high, medium, low, or actually absent in the semantics of the indicator. Validity is related to the speaker’s knowledge about the situation and, in particular, the degree of validity directly depends on the source of information about the situation. Modal values of morphological indicators of epistemic evaluation include epistemic necessity and epistemic possibility and reflect the degree of invalidity of the proposition from the point of view of the speaker. In evaluative statements, epistemic necessity and epistemic possibility are reinterpreted as evaluative values of certainty and uncertainty, respectively; that is, the modal component of the value of such indicators is preserved, but at the communicative and pragmatic level, their modal value comes to the fore, reflecting the degree of confidence of the speaker.
{"title":"MEANS OF EXPRESSING EPISTEMIC MODALITY IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE","authors":"S. Maslova","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268200","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the nomenclature of means of expressing epistemic modality in the English language. At the functional-semantic level, the semantics of epistemic assessment is reflected in the values of units of the morphological, lexical, and syntactic levels of language, capable of performing the following semantic functions at the level of utterance: the degree of confidence of the speaker, the degree of validity of judgment, subjectivity, and unreality. Since the combined common function of all means of expressing epistemic evaluation is to reflect the speaker’s incomplete epistemic commitment based on his insufficient epistemic guarantees, the degree of confidence and the degree of justification act as the basic semantic functions of epistemic evaluation. The first reflects the epistemic commitment that the speaker accepts, and the second — his epistemic guarantees. Depending on the quality of epistemic guarantees, the validity can be high, medium, low, or actually absent in the semantics of the indicator. Validity is related to the speaker’s knowledge about the situation and, in particular, the degree of validity directly depends on the source of information about the situation. Modal values of morphological indicators of epistemic evaluation include epistemic necessity and epistemic possibility and reflect the degree of invalidity of the proposition from the point of view of the speaker. In evaluative statements, epistemic necessity and epistemic possibility are reinterpreted as evaluative values of certainty and uncertainty, respectively; that is, the modal component of the value of such indicators is preserved, but at the communicative and pragmatic level, their modal value comes to the fore, reflecting the degree of confidence of the speaker.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44575177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268207
V. Romanets, T. Podkoviroff
The given article deals with investigation of the poem of a French poet-romantic, A. de Vinji «The Death of a Wolf». The author of the article analyses the images of the animals in the poem and artistic devices of their realization. The main topics and problematics of this literary work are viewed both in the context of A. de Vinji’s creative work and in the context of European Romanticism. The given article deals with investigation of the poem of a French poet-romantic, A. de Vigny ’The Death of a Wolf’. The author of the article analyses animal images in the poem and the means of artistic embodiment of the latter. The main topics and problematics of this literary work are considered both in the context of A. de Vigny’ s creative work and in the context of European Romanticism. The poetic work of A. de Vigny begins in 1816 and continues throughout his life. It should be noted that the distinctive peculiarity of de Vigny’s poetry is its all-pervading disbelief both in bourgeois society and in the Restoration Regime, which was trying to save the remnants of the feudal system. The poet has in mind the whole ephemerality of the desire of the nobility to drag out the course of history and return the pre-revolutionary sociopolitical system. That is why Vigny’s poetry is imbued with the utmost skepticism and pessimism. Hence, from this rejection of modernity, the character of de Vigny’s plots and images derives. As the literary critic T. V. Bovsunevskaya emphasizes: “Romantics had to synthesize a new, Renaissance type of person, but in such a way that he reflected the features of a new era and professed a new spirit.” De Vigny was looking for such a hero all his creative life; however, his hero will always be a lonely, misunderstood person, in a state of deepest conflict both with society and often with himself. It should be noted that de Vigny’s poetry is inherently deeply personal and lyrical, and in its external form it is emphatically epic and philosophical. Vigny himself argued that if he was ahead of his contemporaries in some way, it was in the ability to create philosophical poetry. The poet wraps in the form of a mythological or historical parable, an ancient plot such problems as the fatal loneliness of a genius, the impotence of a person in front of a cruel and blind deity, the suffering of the innocent. Thus, another feature of his poetry is also manifested — its being alien to topicality. The poet finds out the relationship not with his age, but with history in general, with God, with fate. In the later period of his work, the theme ’poet and society’ often sounds.
{"title":"THE THEME OF A LOANER HERO’S PROUD DEATH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FRENCH ROMANTICISM (A. DE VIGNI “THE DEATH OF A WOLF”)","authors":"V. Romanets, T. Podkoviroff","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268207","url":null,"abstract":"The given article deals with investigation of the poem of a French poet-romantic, A. de Vinji «The Death of a Wolf». The author of the article analyses the images of the animals in the poem and artistic devices of their realization. The main topics and problematics of this literary work are viewed both in the context of A. de Vinji’s creative work and in the context of European Romanticism. The given article deals with investigation of the poem of a French poet-romantic, A. de Vigny ’The Death of a Wolf’. The author of the article analyses animal images in the poem and the means of artistic embodiment of the latter. The main topics and problematics of this literary work are considered both in the context of A. de Vigny’ s creative work and in the context of European Romanticism. The poetic work of A. de Vigny begins in 1816 and continues throughout his life. It should be noted that the distinctive peculiarity of de Vigny’s poetry is its all-pervading disbelief both in bourgeois society and in the Restoration Regime, which was trying to save the remnants of the feudal system. The poet has in mind the whole ephemerality of the desire of the nobility to drag out the course of history and return the pre-revolutionary sociopolitical system. That is why Vigny’s poetry is imbued with the utmost skepticism and pessimism. Hence, from this rejection of modernity, the character of de Vigny’s plots and images derives. As the literary critic T. V. Bovsunevskaya emphasizes: “Romantics had to synthesize a new, Renaissance type of person, but in such a way that he reflected the features of a new era and professed a new spirit.” De Vigny was looking for such a hero all his creative life; however, his hero will always be a lonely, misunderstood person, in a state of deepest conflict both with society and often with himself. It should be noted that de Vigny’s poetry is inherently deeply personal and lyrical, and in its external form it is emphatically epic and philosophical. Vigny himself argued that if he was ahead of his contemporaries in some way, it was in the ability to create philosophical poetry. The poet wraps in the form of a mythological or historical parable, an ancient plot such problems as the fatal loneliness of a genius, the impotence of a person in front of a cruel and blind deity, the suffering of the innocent. Thus, another feature of his poetry is also manifested — its being alien to topicality. The poet finds out the relationship not with his age, but with history in general, with God, with fate. In the later period of his work, the theme ’poet and society’ often sounds. ","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41810652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268211
A. Shapoval
The article is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic and cultural aspect of the verbalization of the English concept AGE. Among the directions of modern linguistic and cultural studies, there is a phraseologically oriented one, which studies the culturally marked content of phraseological units of various languages, and a lexicographic one, which has an applied focus on compiling various dictionaries that carry cultural information. Our research is carried out within the first direction and is based on the analysis of English phraseological units with the age component. The purpose of our study is to analyze the linguistic and cultural aspect of the English concept AGE. The analysis of the phraseological sample showed that the evaluative color has mainly units that verbalize youth and old age, creating a kind of opposition between these age periods of life. The age period of youth is represented in the studied phraseology by the lexemes young, baby, children. Recorded idioms that contain the mentioned lexemes actualize, first of all, such signs as inexperience, ignorance, which, in our opinion, have a somewhat negative connotation. A positive connotation is recorded when the signs of innocence and freshness of young people’s views are actualized. The inexperience and ignorance of the young is contrasted with the life experience and wisdom of the older generation. However, along with a positive assessment of the experience and wisdom of the older generation, there are also idioms containing a contemptuous and ironic attitude towards its representatives, which is motivated by the inability to change, grumbling character, etc. Thus, the linguistic and cultural analysis of the verbalization of the researched concept in English on the basis of phraseological turns showed that for the English-speaking culture it is stereotypical to oppose two age periods — youth and old age, and both of them have features that have positive and negative assessments of speakers.
{"title":"LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECT OF THE ENGLISH CONCEPT AGE","authors":"A. Shapoval","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268211","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic and cultural aspect of the verbalization of the English concept AGE. Among the directions of modern linguistic and cultural studies, there is a phraseologically oriented one, which studies the culturally marked content of phraseological units of various languages, and a lexicographic one, which has an applied focus on compiling various dictionaries that carry cultural information. Our research is carried out within the first direction and is based on the analysis of English phraseological units with the age component. The purpose of our study is to analyze the linguistic and cultural aspect of the English concept AGE. The analysis of the phraseological sample showed that the evaluative color has mainly units that verbalize youth and old age, creating a kind of opposition between these age periods of life. The age period of youth is represented in the studied phraseology by the lexemes young, baby, children. Recorded idioms that contain the mentioned lexemes actualize, first of all, such signs as inexperience, ignorance, which, in our opinion, have a somewhat negative connotation. A positive connotation is recorded when the signs of innocence and freshness of young people’s views are actualized. The inexperience and ignorance of the young is contrasted with the life experience and wisdom of the older generation. However, along with a positive assessment of the experience and wisdom of the older generation, there are also idioms containing a contemptuous and ironic attitude towards its representatives, which is motivated by the inability to change, grumbling character, etc. Thus, the linguistic and cultural analysis of the verbalization of the researched concept in English on the basis of phraseological turns showed that for the English-speaking culture it is stereotypical to oppose two age periods — youth and old age, and both of them have features that have positive and negative assessments of speakers.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43425436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268208
A. Ruda
This study is devoted to the etymological analysis of English tourism terms, namely, the semantic ways of forming the specified lexical units. The tourism industry and its terminological system are a relevant object of research in the conditions of the modern globalized world. The work uses etymological analysis as the main research method. Intralingual borrowing accompanied by terminologicalization, specialization, expansion, metaphorization of the commonly used meaning of a word, metonymic transfer of the meaning of a commonly used word can be considered a lexical-semantic way of term formation. A special group among monosyllabic terms is made up of terms whose scope of meaning in the special vocabulary is similar to the scope of their meanings in common language. These are terms formed by terminologicalizing the commonly used meaning of the word. The development of the meaning of such special lexemes took place gradually, as the language was enriched with experience and formed scientific concepts. Tourism terms, which were formed on the basis of semantic shifts, which gave rise to a significant discrepancy between their old meanings and the new concepts that they began to name, arose on the basis of the expansion of the meaning of existing words in the language. In tourism terminology, a small group of simple special units, which were formed by metaphorizing the meaning of a commonly used word, is quite clearly presented. Metaphorization of the meaning of commonly used words usually takes place first taking into account the external similarity, and later — taking into account the similarity of the functions of the so-called objects. A certain number of terms is formed by means of narrowing, specialization of the meaning, which may be evidence that the corresponding terminology begins to stand out from the everyday language and is perceived as a special layer of vocabulary.
{"title":"SEMANTIC WAYS OF FORMING TOURISM TERMS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE","authors":"A. Ruda","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268208","url":null,"abstract":"This study is devoted to the etymological analysis of English tourism terms, namely, the semantic ways of forming the specified lexical units. The tourism industry and its terminological system are a relevant object of research in the conditions of the modern globalized world. The work uses etymological analysis as the main research method. Intralingual borrowing accompanied by terminologicalization, specialization, expansion, metaphorization of the commonly used meaning of a word, metonymic transfer of the meaning of a commonly used word can be considered a lexical-semantic way of term formation. A special group among monosyllabic terms is made up of terms whose scope of meaning in the special vocabulary is similar to the scope of their meanings in common language. These are terms formed by terminologicalizing the commonly used meaning of the word. The development of the meaning of such special lexemes took place gradually, as the language was enriched with experience and formed scientific concepts. Tourism terms, which were formed on the basis of semantic shifts, which gave rise to a significant discrepancy between their old meanings and the new concepts that they began to name, arose on the basis of the expansion of the meaning of existing words in the language. In tourism terminology, a small group of simple special units, which were formed by metaphorizing the meaning of a commonly used word, is quite clearly presented. Metaphorization of the meaning of commonly used words usually takes place first taking into account the external similarity, and later — taking into account the similarity of the functions of the so-called objects. A certain number of terms is formed by means of narrowing, specialization of the meaning, which may be evidence that the corresponding terminology begins to stand out from the everyday language and is perceived as a special layer of vocabulary.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49072598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268192
I. Bozhko, A. Kalinichenko, I. Sakhno
The article is devoted to connotative proper names-affectonyms, which are proper names of people / characters of artistic reality, used in a figurative sense as synonyms for the name of the addressee of the speech (rarely the third person). The research was implemented on the basis of questionnaires and analysis of social media texts. The purpose of the research is to analyze the semantics of connotative proper names used as affectonyms, to demonstrate their (in)dependence on the cultural preferences of generations, to find out the motivation of such naming. In the course of the study, it was found that proper names-affectonyms, regardless of the origin of the primary signified (a real proper name or a literary proper name), are metaphors: mostly positive features of the primary signified are transferred to the addressee of speech. Despite the fact that a certain part of proper names-affectonyms remains unchanged over time (usually we are talking about well-known connotative proper names such as Roméo, Juliette, Don Juan), this is a rather dynamic group of names that reflects the interests and cultural demands of society. However, there are general models of metaphorical transfer, the semantics of such names, which are meant to refer to the ideas of strength, beauty, intelligence, power, and the romanticism of fictitious or real personalities. So, instead of mon Alain Delon, mon petit Timothée Chalamet is used, instead of Einstein — mon Steve Jobs — both in an approving and ironic sense. In certain cases, affectonyms of this kind are formed through metonymy — according to the sphere of interests of the addressee of the speech. Sometimes the phonic structure of the affective names plays a role. Through reduplication or the use of diminutive suffixes in the name, diminutive effect is created. In the context of the use of proper names-affectonyms, we note the presence of a language play, which is manifested both in the modification of the primary proper name and in playing with logical connections between concepts.
这篇文章主要研究的是内涵专有名词——影响代名词，即艺术现实中人物或人物的专有名词，在比喻意义上用作讲话对象(很少是第三人称)名字的同义词。该研究是在问卷调查和社交媒体文本分析的基础上实施的。本研究的目的是分析作为亲缘词的内涵专名的语义，论证其对代际文化偏好的依赖，找出这种命名的动机。在研究过程中，我们发现，专有名词-亲和词，无论其主要所指的来源是真实专有名词还是文学专有名词，都是隐喻，主要是将主要所指的积极特征传递给说话对象。尽管有一部分专有名词的影响词随着时间的推移而保持不变(通常我们谈论的是众所周知的有内涵的专有名词，如romo, Juliette, Don Juan)，但这是一个相当动态的名称群体，反映了社会的兴趣和文化需求。然而，有一般的隐喻转移模式，这些名字的语义，意味着指的是力量，美丽，智慧，权力和虚构或真实个性的浪漫主义。因此，人们用mon petit timothacei Chalamet代替mon Alain Delon，而用mon petit timothacei Chalamet代替Einstein——mon Steve Jobs——既有赞许的意思，也有讽刺的意思。在某些情况下，这类亲昵词是通过转喻形成的——根据讲话对象的兴趣范围。有时情感名的语音结构也起作用。通过重复或在名称中使用小后缀，产生小的效果。在使用专名-影响词的语境中，我们注意到存在一种语言游戏，这既表现在对原专名的修改上，也表现在对概念之间的逻辑联系的玩弄上。
{"title":"CONNOTATIVE PROPER NAMES AS AFFECTONYMS IN THE SPEECH OF FRANCOPHONES","authors":"I. Bozhko, A. Kalinichenko, I. Sakhno","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268192","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to connotative proper names-affectonyms, which are proper names of people / characters of artistic reality, used in a figurative sense as synonyms for the name of the addressee of the speech (rarely the third person). The research was implemented on the basis of questionnaires and analysis of social media texts. The purpose of the research is to analyze the semantics of connotative proper names used as affectonyms, to demonstrate their (in)dependence on the cultural preferences of generations, to find out the motivation of such naming. In the course of the study, it was found that proper names-affectonyms, regardless of the origin of the primary signified (a real proper name or a literary proper name), are metaphors: mostly positive features of the primary signified are transferred to the addressee of speech. Despite the fact that a certain part of proper names-affectonyms remains unchanged over time (usually we are talking about well-known connotative proper names such as Roméo, Juliette, Don Juan), this is a rather dynamic group of names that reflects the interests and cultural demands of society. However, there are general models of metaphorical transfer, the semantics of such names, which are meant to refer to the ideas of strength, beauty, intelligence, power, and the romanticism of fictitious or real personalities. So, instead of mon Alain Delon, mon petit Timothée Chalamet is used, instead of Einstein — mon Steve Jobs — both in an approving and ironic sense. In certain cases, affectonyms of this kind are formed through metonymy — according to the sphere of interests of the addressee of the speech. Sometimes the phonic structure of the affective names plays a role. Through reduplication or the use of diminutive suffixes in the name, diminutive effect is created. In the context of the use of proper names-affectonyms, we note the presence of a language play, which is manifested both in the modification of the primary proper name and in playing with logical connections between concepts.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68269268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268196
M. Kosovets
The article is devoted to the analysis of the communicative strategy of manipulation and communicative tactics, that manifest it. The research of communicative strategies and tactics instills the respect of wealthy domestic and foreign linguists. The topicality of the study of strategies and tactics is motivated by the various points of view on this issue which results in the ambiguity of the explanation. The article is an attempt to trace the mechanism of manipulation, applied by a woman-detective during the investigation. The analysis is based on the data from English detective novels. The object of the study is the characters’ speech: the woman detective’s interrogation of witnesses and suspects. The scope of the study is the communicative tactics applied by the woman detective to manipulate witnesses and suspects. The purpose is cognitive and pragmatic analysis of the communicative tactics applied by the female detective to manipulate the witnesses and suspects. The investigation is based on the general and special linguistic methods: synthesis and analysis, method of observation, descriptive method, pragmatic and linguistic method, cognitive method, analysis of contextual interpretation. The main results of the study. As a result of the carried out research, we can claim that one of the communicative strategies used by the female detective is the strategy of manipulation. It is explained by communicative tactics of provocation, warning, threats, blackmail, flattery, as well as tactics of false self-presentation. Each of these tactics is marked by certain lexical, syntactic and stylistic means of speech. The ability to control the communicative process and adjust one’s speech actions at individual stages of the dialogue can be considered key to achieving the communicative goal of a female detective. The prospect of further research is a versatile study of linguistic mechanisms of exerting a manipulative influence on the recipient in artistic discourse. The perspective for further research is seen in identifying prosodic means of manipulative impact on the recipient in film discourse.
{"title":"THE COMMUNICATIVE MEANS OF MANIPULATING A SUSPECT USED BY A WOMAN-DETECTIVE","authors":"M. Kosovets","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268196","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the communicative strategy of manipulation and communicative tactics, that manifest it. The research of communicative strategies and tactics instills the respect of wealthy domestic and foreign linguists. The topicality of the study of strategies and tactics is motivated by the various points of view on this issue which results in the ambiguity of the explanation. The article is an attempt to trace the mechanism of manipulation, applied by a woman-detective during the investigation. The analysis is based on the data from English detective novels. The object of the study is the characters’ speech: the woman detective’s interrogation of witnesses and suspects. The scope of the study is the communicative tactics applied by the woman detective to manipulate witnesses and suspects. The purpose is cognitive and pragmatic analysis of the communicative tactics applied by the female detective to manipulate the witnesses and suspects. The investigation is based on the general and special linguistic methods: synthesis and analysis, method of observation, descriptive method, pragmatic and linguistic method, cognitive method, analysis of contextual interpretation. The main results of the study. As a result of the carried out research, we can claim that one of the communicative strategies used by the female detective is the strategy of manipulation. It is explained by communicative tactics of provocation, warning, threats, blackmail, flattery, as well as tactics of false self-presentation. Each of these tactics is marked by certain lexical, syntactic and stylistic means of speech. The ability to control the communicative process and adjust one’s speech actions at individual stages of the dialogue can be considered key to achieving the communicative goal of a female detective. The prospect of further research is a versatile study of linguistic mechanisms of exerting a manipulative influence on the recipient in artistic discourse. The perspective for further research is seen in identifying prosodic means of manipulative impact on the recipient in film discourse.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43636431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268209
V. Smaglii
The article is dedicated to the study of the complex concept WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH and its medial zone in the naпve picture of the world within a framework of a new scientific direction — dual linguistics: scientific and naive interpretation of language in the English lexicography. The complex concept WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH, which is verbalized by nominative units extracted from English general lexicographic sources, is considered. The nuclear zone of the naпve picture of the world counts three lexemes (which together contain 42 sememes), among which 161 semes have been filtered by means of seme analysis method. The most common semanteme, present in all nuclear lexemes, is the idea of the bilateral nature of any communicative unit. All of the nuclear zone lexemes in the primary dictionary position contain the seme, which emphasizes the unity of content and form of the phenomena under consideration. The medial zone of the nominative field of the verbalized WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH complex concept is many times bigger and more variable in comparison with the nuclear zone. It includes more than 700 lexical units with semantic components language, speech, communication. According to the thematic principle, the collected material was divided into 6 sectors: communication; units of language, speech; discourse, text; phonetical, grammatical and stylistic phenomena; language / dialect / slang, speaker; linguistics. The given sector contains nominative units of the English vocabulary to indicate various types of institutionalized discourse, primarily means of written fixation of human communication in public and private spheres. The evolution of verbal communication between people from ancient times to the present is reflected in a diverse palette of nominations of communicative phenomena of religious, artistic, scientific, legal and business, mass media and even everyday communication.
{"title":"SECTOR DISCOURSE/TEXT IN THE NOMINATIVE FIELD OF THE COMPLEX CONCEPT WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH","authors":"V. Smaglii","doi":"10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268209","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the study of the complex concept WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH and its medial zone in the naпve picture of the world within a framework of a new scientific direction — dual linguistics: scientific and naive interpretation of language in the English lexicography. The complex concept WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH, which is verbalized by nominative units extracted from English general lexicographic sources, is considered. The nuclear zone of the naпve picture of the world counts three lexemes (which together contain 42 sememes), among which 161 semes have been filtered by means of seme analysis method. The most common semanteme, present in all nuclear lexemes, is the idea of the bilateral nature of any communicative unit. All of the nuclear zone lexemes in the primary dictionary position contain the seme, which emphasizes the unity of content and form of the phenomena under consideration. The medial zone of the nominative field of the verbalized WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH complex concept is many times bigger and more variable in comparison with the nuclear zone. It includes more than 700 lexical units with semantic components language, speech, communication. According to the thematic principle, the collected material was divided into 6 sectors: communication; units of language, speech; discourse, text; phonetical, grammatical and stylistic phenomena; language / dialect / slang, speaker; linguistics. The given sector contains nominative units of the English vocabulary to indicate various types of institutionalized discourse, primarily means of written fixation of human communication in public and private spheres. The evolution of verbal communication between people from ancient times to the present is reflected in a diverse palette of nominations of communicative phenomena of religious, artistic, scientific, legal and business, mass media and even everyday communication.","PeriodicalId":34053,"journal":{"name":"Zapiski z romanogermans''koyi filologiyi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43222034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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