Pub Date : 2022-12-11DOI: 10.18502/avr.v32i1.11312
A. Mehri, Mohammad amin Rashidi, A. Rashidi, Milad Abbasi, Farough Mohammadian, Kamaladdin Abedi, E. Darvishi
Background and Aim: Noise pollution is one of the urban problems that can affect the exposed individuals’ cognitive function. This study set to investigate the impact of traffic noise on drivers’ cognitive variables including perceptual capacity, speed of perception, and divided attention concerning the role of individual orientation and neuroticism. Methods: This study recruited 35 male student participants. The Eysenck personality questionnaire was used to evaluate the participants’personalities (neuroticism and extroversion). Participants were then exposed to traffic noise, and the Adaptive Tachistoscopic Traffic Perception Test (ATTPT) was performed to assess their capacity and speed of perception. The Peripheral Perception Test (PPT) was also conducted to evaluate the divided attention using the Vienna test system software. Results: Introverted and stable individuals had better performance in perceptual capacity and speed of perception tasks after exposure to traffic noise. However, these effects were not observed in extrovert and unstable individuals. This study also showed no significant alterations in variables in extroverted (introverted/extroverted) subjects with neuroticism (unstable/stable) concerning divided attention tasks after traffic noise exposure. Conclusion: This study showed that divided attention in extrovert individuals with neuroticism was not influenced by traffic noise exposure. But perceptual capacity and perception speed was influenced by traffic noise in introverts and unstable subjects. Keywords: Traffic noise; divided attention; perception; individual differences
{"title":"The Effect of Traffic Noise on Divided Attention and Perception Concerning Individual Role Differences: An Experimental Study","authors":"A. Mehri, Mohammad amin Rashidi, A. Rashidi, Milad Abbasi, Farough Mohammadian, Kamaladdin Abedi, E. Darvishi","doi":"10.18502/avr.v32i1.11312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i1.11312","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Noise pollution is one of the urban problems that can affect the exposed individuals’ cognitive function. This study set to investigate the impact of traffic noise on drivers’ cognitive variables including perceptual capacity, speed of perception, and divided attention concerning the role of individual orientation and neuroticism. \u0000Methods: This study recruited 35 male student participants. The Eysenck personality questionnaire was used to evaluate the participants’personalities (neuroticism and extroversion). Participants were then exposed to traffic noise, and the Adaptive Tachistoscopic Traffic Perception Test (ATTPT) was performed to assess their capacity and speed of perception. The Peripheral Perception Test (PPT) was also conducted to evaluate the divided attention using the Vienna test system software. \u0000Results: Introverted and stable individuals had better performance in perceptual capacity and speed of perception tasks after exposure to traffic noise. However, these effects were not observed in extrovert and unstable individuals. This study also showed no significant alterations in variables in extroverted (introverted/extroverted) subjects with neuroticism (unstable/stable) concerning divided attention tasks after traffic noise exposure. \u0000Conclusion: This study showed that divided attention in extrovert individuals with neuroticism was not influenced by traffic noise exposure. But perceptual capacity and perception speed was influenced by traffic noise in introverts and unstable subjects. \u0000Keywords: Traffic noise; divided attention; perception; individual differences","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48599767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-11DOI: 10.18502/avr.v32i1.11311
Fatemeh Ghaheri, Hamid Jalilvand, H. Ashayeri, Raha Nekoutabar, B. Makkiabadi
Background and Aim: Music can regulate the activity of brain structures that play a significant role in emotions. The perceived emotion techniques such as dichotic listening clarify the relationships between auditory emotional stimuli and hemispheric asymmetries in the auditory modality. We examined the impact of pleasantness/unpleasantness of music by Acceptable Noise Level (ANL) as a subjective measure of listeners’ willingness to accept background noise. Methods: In this study, 32 participants rated their pleasantness with about ten songs; then, we considered the effect of preferred pleasant and unpleasant music on dichotic music listening and acceptable background noise. There were six forced attention conditions to calculate ANL, followed by measuring the most comfortable level and background noise level for each condition. Results: The pairwise comparison analyses revealed significantly higher ANL in forced attention to pleasant music than to speech (p<0.004) and unpleasant music to the left ear (p≤0.05). The mean ANLs difference in 2 groups of right ear advantage and left ear advantage showed significant intra-hemispheric differences in the forced pleasant music attention than the forced unpleasant music attention conditions (p<0.007), and forced speech conditions (p=0.001), only in the left ear advantage group. In addition, the interaction between conditions and groups showed interhemispheric asymmetry. Conclusion: Music valence and intra- and interhemispheric differences can affect the ANL dichotic processing and, consequently, lower noise tolerance (higher ANL) in forced pleasant music attention conditions. Keywords: Acceptable noise level; dichotic listening test; music valence; functional laterality
{"title":"Music Valence Can Affect Dichotic Listening Performance","authors":"Fatemeh Ghaheri, Hamid Jalilvand, H. Ashayeri, Raha Nekoutabar, B. Makkiabadi","doi":"10.18502/avr.v32i1.11311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i1.11311","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Music can regulate the activity of brain structures that play a significant role in emotions. The perceived emotion techniques such as dichotic listening clarify the relationships between auditory emotional stimuli and hemispheric asymmetries in the auditory modality. We examined the impact of pleasantness/unpleasantness of music by Acceptable Noise Level (ANL) as a subjective measure of listeners’ willingness to accept background noise. \u0000Methods: In this study, 32 participants rated their pleasantness with about ten songs; then, we considered the effect of preferred pleasant and unpleasant music on dichotic music listening and acceptable background noise. There were six forced attention conditions to calculate ANL, followed by measuring the most comfortable level and background noise level for each condition. \u0000Results: The pairwise comparison analyses revealed significantly higher ANL in forced attention to pleasant music than to speech (p<0.004) and unpleasant music to the left ear (p≤0.05). The mean ANLs difference in 2 groups of right ear advantage and left ear advantage showed significant intra-hemispheric differences in the forced pleasant music attention than the forced unpleasant music attention conditions (p<0.007), and forced speech conditions (p=0.001), only in the left ear advantage group. In addition, the interaction between conditions and groups showed interhemispheric asymmetry. \u0000Conclusion: Music valence and intra- and interhemispheric differences can affect the ANL dichotic processing and, consequently, lower noise tolerance (higher ANL) in forced pleasant music attention conditions. \u0000Keywords: Acceptable noise level; dichotic listening test; music valence; functional laterality","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41732466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.18502/avr.v31i4.10734
Samin Ashjaei, Hamid Jalilvand, Hadi Hadipour, Reza Sadeghi
Background and Aim: Difficulty in perception of speech in noise is one of the main complaints of hearing-impaired people. Due to profound hearing loss in cochlear implant (CI) users, they need higher signal-to-noise ratio for a better perception. Bimodal fitting is a preferred way for CI users because it prevents auditory nerve degeneration, is a complement of frequency range at the opposite ear, an is less invasive to provide binaural hearing. Acceptable noise level (ANL), as a reliable test to assess noise tolerance, has not yet been used in comparing children with bimodal hearing and CI. This study aimed to determine whether bimodal fitting can help CI children tolerate more noise. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 13 children with unilateral CI and bimodal hearing. Audiometry test was performed at aided and non-aided conditions. Then, their noise tolerance was assessed by the Persian version of ANL test. Results: Bimodal hearing resulted in statistically significant increase in ANL. The mean of ANL at unilateral CI and bimodal hearing conditions were 6.15±2.90 and 4.77±1.70, respectively. Conclusion: Bimodal fitting lead to more noise tolerance in unilateral CI children due to the combination of binaural summation and binaural release from masking. Keywords: Acceptable noise level; cochlear implant; hearing aid; bimodal hearing; profound hearing loss; binaural hearing
{"title":"Acceptable Noise Level in Children with Unilateral Cochlear Implant and Bimodal Hearing","authors":"Samin Ashjaei, Hamid Jalilvand, Hadi Hadipour, Reza Sadeghi","doi":"10.18502/avr.v31i4.10734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v31i4.10734","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Difficulty in perception of speech in noise is one of the main complaints of hearing-impaired people. Due to profound hearing loss in cochlear implant (CI) users, they need higher signal-to-noise ratio for a better perception. Bimodal fitting is a preferred way for CI users because it prevents auditory nerve degeneration, is a complement of frequency range at the opposite ear, an is less invasive to provide binaural hearing. Acceptable noise level (ANL), as a reliable test to assess noise tolerance, has not yet been used in comparing children with bimodal hearing and CI. This study aimed to determine whether bimodal fitting can help CI children tolerate more noise. \u0000Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 13 children with unilateral CI and bimodal hearing. Audiometry test was performed at aided and non-aided conditions. Then, their noise tolerance was assessed by the Persian version of ANL test. \u0000Results: Bimodal hearing resulted in statistically significant increase in ANL. The mean of ANL at unilateral CI and bimodal hearing conditions were 6.15±2.90 and 4.77±1.70, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: Bimodal fitting lead to more noise tolerance in unilateral CI children due to the combination of binaural summation and binaural release from masking. \u0000Keywords: Acceptable noise level; cochlear implant; hearing aid; bimodal hearing; profound hearing loss; binaural hearing","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44619123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.18502/avr.v31i4.10730
Samer Mohammad Mohsen, Farah Jabri, Shaza Al Maidani, Abeer I. Ammar, Rahaf Alkhatib
Background and Aim: This study aimed to construct and validate the test material of speech recognition test for children. Such a material helps in conducting the speech tests for native Arab children with Syrian accent. This work is a part of a complete project on preparing and validating the necessary materials for speech and central auditory processing tests for the Arabic Syrian community. Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, two sets of phonetically balanced monosyllabic word lists were constructed. The two selected 25-monosyllabic word lists were presented to 50 normal hearing participants with the age range of 5 to 10 years. Tests of validity and reliability were conducted to assure the suitability of this material for the word recognition test. The test was repeated for the same children after three weeks. Results: The two word lists have shown high face and content validity, Cronbach`s alpha coefficient was 0.79, 0.85 for the two lists respectively. Factor validity has shown that the test materials are one-dimensional, the first factor achieved 57.25 and 53.13 of the variance. Test- retest reliability (p<0.001) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients reliability (p<0.001) were also significant. Conclusion: The data analysis shows that the Syrian version of the word recognition test has high degree of validity and reliability. Therefore, developing the Syrian version of the scale has good psychometric properties, which makes it appropriate for the local use. Keywords: Speech discrimination test; monosyllabic; arabic; syrian accent
{"title":"Construction and Standardization of the Syrian Version of the Word Recognition Test for Children with Hearing Impairment","authors":"Samer Mohammad Mohsen, Farah Jabri, Shaza Al Maidani, Abeer I. Ammar, Rahaf Alkhatib","doi":"10.18502/avr.v31i4.10730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v31i4.10730","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: This study aimed to construct and validate the test material of speech recognition test for children. Such a material helps in conducting the speech tests for native Arab children with Syrian accent. This work is a part of a complete project on preparing and validating the necessary materials for speech and central auditory processing tests for the Arabic Syrian community. \u0000Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, two sets of phonetically balanced monosyllabic word lists were constructed. The two selected 25-monosyllabic word lists were presented to 50 normal hearing participants with the age range of 5 to 10 years. Tests of validity and reliability were conducted to assure the suitability of this material for the word recognition test. The test was repeated for the same children after three weeks. \u0000Results: The two word lists have shown high face and content validity, Cronbach`s alpha coefficient was 0.79, 0.85 for the two lists respectively. Factor validity has shown that the test materials are one-dimensional, the first factor achieved 57.25 and 53.13 of the variance. Test- retest reliability (p<0.001) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients reliability (p<0.001) were also significant. \u0000Conclusion: The data analysis shows that the Syrian version of the word recognition test has high degree of validity and reliability. Therefore, developing the Syrian version of the scale has good psychometric properties, which makes it appropriate for the local use. \u0000Keywords: Speech discrimination test; monosyllabic; arabic; syrian accent","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41397118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.18502/avr.v31i4.10736
M. Ashrafi, Mahsa Rezaei Sakha
Background and Aim: The masking level difference (MLD) test is a behavioral test that assesses binaural interactions and central auditory processing. This study aims to design a binaural MLD (BMLD) test application using tonal and Speech Stimuli in Persian. Methods: In the first stage, the BMLD test application was designed in MATLAB software. Then, the spondaic words were recorded and added to the sound processing panel of the application. In the next stage, the MLD of tonal and speech stimuli was measured on 20 subjects aged 18–25 years. To examine the test-retest reliability of the application, all steps were repeated after one week. Results: The MLD values for tonal and speech stimuli under the SoNo-SπNo condition were significantly different from those under the SoNo-SoNπ condition (p<0.05). These values for tonal and speech stimuli were 10.50 and 6.12 dB under the SoNo- SπNo condition, and 6.85 and 4.43 under the SoNo- SoNπ condition. There was no significant difference in the MLD values between males and females. The intraclass correlation coefficient value for different phase conditions was more than 0.8, indicating the high reliability of the BMLD test application for tonal and speech stimuli in Persian (p<0.05). Conclusion: The designed BMLD test application using tonal and speech stimuli in Persian has similar results compared to the conventional methods of MLD test for other languages, therefore, this application can be used in audiology clinics in Iran to perform the MLD test. Keywords: Release from masking; masking; binaural hearing; software
{"title":"Development of a Binaural Masking Level Differences Test Application Using Tonal and Speech Stimuli in Persian and Assessing its Test-Retest Reliability in Normal-Hearing Young People","authors":"M. Ashrafi, Mahsa Rezaei Sakha","doi":"10.18502/avr.v31i4.10736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v31i4.10736","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The masking level difference (MLD) test is a behavioral test that assesses binaural interactions and central auditory processing. This study aims to design a binaural MLD (BMLD) test application using tonal and Speech Stimuli in Persian. \u0000Methods: In the first stage, the BMLD test application was designed in MATLAB software. Then, the spondaic words were recorded and added to the sound processing panel of the application. In the next stage, the MLD of tonal and speech stimuli was measured on 20 subjects aged 18–25 years. To examine the test-retest reliability of the application, all steps were repeated after one week. \u0000Results: The MLD values for tonal and speech stimuli under the SoNo-SπNo condition were significantly different from those under the SoNo-SoNπ condition (p<0.05). These values for tonal and speech stimuli were 10.50 and 6.12 dB under the SoNo- SπNo condition, and 6.85 and 4.43 under the SoNo- SoNπ condition. There was no significant difference in the MLD values between males and females. The intraclass correlation coefficient value for different phase conditions was more than 0.8, indicating the high reliability of the BMLD test application for tonal and speech stimuli in Persian (p<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The designed BMLD test application using tonal and speech stimuli in Persian has similar results compared to the conventional methods of MLD test for other languages, therefore, this application can be used in audiology clinics in Iran to perform the MLD test. \u0000Keywords: Release from masking; masking; binaural hearing; software","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41632256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.18502/avr.v31i4.10732
M. Kardooni, Roghayeh Ahmadi, Amal Saki Malehi, A. Kiani, S. Saki
Background and Aim: Although cochlear implantation (CI) is a safe surgical procedure for severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) but, due to the embryological and anatomical connection between the vestibular and cochlear structures, vestibular dysfunction may occur after CI. Video head impulse test (vHIT) is a reliable test for assessing the function of semicircular canals (SCCs). This study aimed to determine the early effect of CI on SCCs function, by comparing pre- and post-operative vHIT results. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were 22 adults with SNHL scheduled for unilateral CI in the right ear and 22 age-matched healthy subjects as a control group. The vHIT was conducted before and two weeks after CI. Results: The mean vHIT gains in the SNHL group were significantly lower than in controls, with a large effect size. Furthermore, the mean vHIT gains in the right lateral SCCs (p<0.001) and right anterior SCCs (p=0.003) were significantly reduced after CI, compared to the gain values before CI, with a large pooled effect size. However, these differences were not statistically significant for the right posterior SCCs. The comparison of vHIT gains in the non- implanted ear showed no statistically significant difference between pre- and post-operative phases. Conclusion: The vHIT is a useful clinical method to detect the early effects of CI on the function of SCCs. These effects are more obvious in the lateral and superior SCCs in the implanted ear. Keywords: Cochlear implantation; semicircular canals; video head impulse test
{"title":"Can Video Head Impulse Test Determine the Early Effect of Cochlear Implantation on the Semicircular Canals Function?","authors":"M. Kardooni, Roghayeh Ahmadi, Amal Saki Malehi, A. Kiani, S. Saki","doi":"10.18502/avr.v31i4.10732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v31i4.10732","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Although cochlear implantation (CI) is a safe surgical procedure for severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) but, due to the embryological and anatomical connection between the vestibular and cochlear structures, vestibular dysfunction may occur after CI. Video head impulse test (vHIT) is a reliable test for assessing the function of semicircular canals (SCCs). This study aimed to determine the early effect of CI on SCCs function, by comparing pre- and post-operative vHIT results. \u0000Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were 22 adults with SNHL scheduled for unilateral CI in the right ear and 22 age-matched healthy subjects as a control group. The vHIT was conducted before and two weeks after CI. \u0000Results: The mean vHIT gains in the SNHL group were significantly lower than in controls, with a large effect size. Furthermore, the mean vHIT gains in the right lateral SCCs (p<0.001) and right anterior SCCs (p=0.003) were significantly reduced after CI, compared to the gain values before CI, with a large pooled effect size. However, these differences were not statistically significant for the right posterior SCCs. The comparison of vHIT gains in the non- implanted ear showed no statistically significant difference between pre- and post-operative phases. \u0000Conclusion: The vHIT is a useful clinical method to detect the early effects of CI on the function of SCCs. These effects are more obvious in the lateral and superior SCCs in the implanted ear. \u0000Keywords: Cochlear implantation; semicircular canals; video head impulse test","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45933638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.18502/avr.v31i4.10735
Marzieh Amiri, F. Jarollahi, S. Jalaie, S. Sameni
Background and Aim: Generally, in noisy environments more informational masking occurs. Older adults benefit less than younger adults from spatial hearing and they have more problems of understanding speech in the presence of distracting speeches. This study was conducted to examine the effect of auditory spatial training on informational masking release in the elderly. Methods: Thirty-two 60-75-year-olds with normal hearing, who complain about difficulty in speech perception in noise, participated in control and intervention groups (16 people in each group). The intervention included fifteen sessions of auditory spatial training. The informational masking measurement test scores were compared before the intervention, one session after the intervention, and one month after between the two groups. Results: There was a significant improvement in informational masking measurement scores in the intervention group compared to the control (p<0.02). The results showed no significant differences between the informational masking measurement scores before and after the intervention in the control group (p>0.05) and a significant difference in most signal to noise ratio i.e. 0, -5 and -10, in the intervention group (p≤0.006). No significant difference was found between the results of the two assessments one session and one month after the intervention in any of the positions (p>0.05), which suggests that both groups’ scores remained highly stable one month after the intervention Conclusion: This study introduced a spatial training program to improve speech perception in noise in normal-hearing elderly listeners. It was recommended that this kind of training be included in geriatric population auditory rehabilitation programs. Keywords: Informational masking; energetic masking; elderly; speech perception in noise
{"title":"Auditory Spatial Training-Induced Changes in the Release of Informational Masking in Older Adults","authors":"Marzieh Amiri, F. Jarollahi, S. Jalaie, S. Sameni","doi":"10.18502/avr.v31i4.10735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v31i4.10735","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Generally, in noisy environments more informational masking occurs. Older adults benefit less than younger adults from spatial hearing and they have more problems of understanding speech in the presence of distracting speeches. This study was conducted to examine the effect of auditory spatial training on informational masking release in the elderly. \u0000Methods: Thirty-two 60-75-year-olds with normal hearing, who complain about difficulty in speech perception in noise, participated in control and intervention groups (16 people in each group). The intervention included fifteen sessions of auditory spatial training. The informational masking measurement test scores were compared before the intervention, one session after the intervention, and one month after between the two groups. \u0000Results: There was a significant improvement in informational masking measurement scores in the intervention group compared to the control (p<0.02). The results showed no significant differences between the informational masking measurement scores before and after the intervention in the control group (p>0.05) and a significant difference in most signal to noise ratio i.e. 0, -5 and -10, in the intervention group (p≤0.006). No significant difference was found between the results of the two assessments one session and one month after the intervention in any of the positions (p>0.05), which suggests that both groups’ scores remained highly stable one month after the intervention \u0000Conclusion: This study introduced a spatial training program to improve speech perception in noise in normal-hearing elderly listeners. It was recommended that this kind of training be included in geriatric population auditory rehabilitation programs. \u0000Keywords: Informational masking; energetic masking; elderly; speech perception in noise","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42556588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aim: Each year, millions of older people experience falling which can cause serious injuries such as broken bones, head injuries, or even death. Since Diabetes Mellitus can disrupt the balance system and increase falling, and given that fear of falling and balance confidence are critical fall-related psychological concerns that can be the risk factors of falls in the diabetic elderly, this study aimed to compare fear of falling and balance confidence of diabetic and non-diabetic older adults in Iran. Methods: Participants were 63 diabetic older patients and 59 non-diabetic peers aged 60 years and over. Data were collected using the Persian versions of falling efficacy scale-international and activities-specific balance confidence-short form questionnaires. In addition, modified Romberg and timed up and go tests were performed to assess subjective balance performance. Results: The scores of falling efficacy scale-international questionnaire and timed up and go test were significantly higher in diabetic group while the scores of activities-specific balance confidence-short form questionnaire were lower (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed in the modified Romberg test scores between two groups. Conclusion: Fear of falling and low balance confidence are more common in diabetic older adults compared to non-diabetic peers. They have poor performance in timed up and go test and have more falls during the last 12 months. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; aging; fear of falling; balance confidence
{"title":"Fear of Falling and Balance Confidence in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Farideh Aslibeigi, Homa Zarrinkoob, Azam Erfanifar, A. Akbarzadeh Baghban, Fariba Denak","doi":"10.18502/avr.v31i4.10737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v31i4.10737","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Each year, millions of older people experience falling which can cause serious injuries such as broken bones, head injuries, or even death. Since Diabetes Mellitus can disrupt the balance system and increase falling, and given that fear of falling and balance confidence are critical fall-related psychological concerns that can be the risk factors of falls in the diabetic elderly, this study aimed to compare fear of falling and balance confidence of diabetic and non-diabetic older adults in Iran. \u0000Methods: Participants were 63 diabetic older patients and 59 non-diabetic peers aged 60 years and over. Data were collected using the Persian versions of falling efficacy scale-international and activities-specific balance confidence-short form questionnaires. In addition, modified Romberg and timed up and go tests were performed to assess subjective balance performance. \u0000Results: The scores of falling efficacy scale-international questionnaire and timed up and go test were significantly higher in diabetic group while the scores of activities-specific balance confidence-short form questionnaire were lower (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed in the modified Romberg test scores between two groups. \u0000Conclusion: Fear of falling and low balance confidence are more common in diabetic older adults compared to non-diabetic peers. They have poor performance in timed up and go test and have more falls during the last 12 months. \u0000Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; aging; fear of falling; balance confidence","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49129285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.18502/avr.v31i4.10731
B. Kohansal, Nasser Saeedi, A. Moslemi, Leila Poorsaadat, Moeinoddin Hossein Beigi
Background and Aim: Hearing loss is a highly prevalent symptom in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Comorbidities such as Diabetes Mellitus is known as the most common cause of CKD and a significant risk factor for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The aim of this study was to compare SNHL among diabetic with non-diabetic hemodialysis patients. Methods: In this study, 33 diabetic patients on hemodialysis were selected from Hami center, Arak, Iran. Non-diabetic subjects were 31 hemodialysis patients without diabetes were matched for age, duration of CKD and hemodialysis. Data were obtained via questionnaire, patients’ files, physical examination, otoscopy and tympanometry. Hearing was analyzed using pure-tone audiometry for both groups. Results: In the study, 66.2% of diabetic patients and 52.1% of non-diabetic subjects had SNHL. Results showed that diabetic patient has 1.3 times more likely to have hearing impairment. This difference was not statistically significant. Bilateral mild SNHL was the most prevalent in both groups. No significant difference was reported in SNHL prevalence, mean thresholds of hearing and ear laterality between the groups. Gender and age had a significant effect on hearing loss after adjusting covariables. No significant association was found between diabetes and hearing loss. Conclusion: SNHL was more common in hemodialysis patients with diabetes. Patients with diabetes had poorer hearing thresholds compared to non-diabetic group, with no significant difference between groups. The periodical assessment of hearing and extending audiological care in this high-risk population is recommended due to long-term irreversible symptoms of the disease. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; hearing loss; end-stage renal disease
{"title":"Comparison of Hearing Abnormalities in Non-Diabetic and Diabetic End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis","authors":"B. Kohansal, Nasser Saeedi, A. Moslemi, Leila Poorsaadat, Moeinoddin Hossein Beigi","doi":"10.18502/avr.v31i4.10731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v31i4.10731","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Hearing loss is a highly prevalent symptom in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Comorbidities such as Diabetes Mellitus is known as the most common cause of CKD and a significant risk factor for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The aim of this study was to compare SNHL among diabetic with non-diabetic hemodialysis patients. \u0000Methods: In this study, 33 diabetic patients on hemodialysis were selected from Hami center, Arak, Iran. Non-diabetic subjects were 31 hemodialysis patients without diabetes were matched for age, duration of CKD and hemodialysis. Data were obtained via questionnaire, patients’ files, physical examination, otoscopy and tympanometry. Hearing was analyzed using pure-tone audiometry for both groups. \u0000Results: In the study, 66.2% of diabetic patients and 52.1% of non-diabetic subjects had SNHL. Results showed that diabetic patient has 1.3 times more likely to have hearing impairment. This difference was not statistically significant. Bilateral mild SNHL was the most prevalent in both groups. No significant difference was reported in SNHL prevalence, mean thresholds of hearing and ear laterality between the groups. Gender and age had a significant effect on hearing loss after adjusting covariables. No significant association was found between diabetes and hearing loss. \u0000Conclusion: SNHL was more common in hemodialysis patients with diabetes. Patients with diabetes had poorer hearing thresholds compared to non-diabetic group, with no significant difference between groups. The periodical assessment of hearing and extending audiological care in this high-risk population is recommended due to long-term irreversible symptoms of the disease. \u0000Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; hearing loss; end-stage renal disease","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45962542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.18502/avr.v31i4.10733
Ismail Abdulnasser Alhiraki
Background and Aim: To evaluate the success rate of revision myringoplasty using temporalis fascia graft and to assess the effect of potential influencing factors on closure of tympanic membrane (TM) and hearing outcome such as size and site of perforation, whether the patient is smoking or not and condition of contralateral ear. Methods: Thirty patients were included in this prospective study, who underwent revision myringoplasty for chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma in the period between 2017- 2019 in the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat-Head and Neck Surgery in Almowasat University Hospital. Data of all patients: perforation size and site, middle ear status, surgical approach, graft material, pre and postoperative morphological and functional results were assessed. The temporal fascia was used for the reconstruction of TM. The interrelation between multiple preoperative parameters and postoperative morphological (closure of the perforation) and functional (hearing level) outcomes were assessed. Results: Successful closure rate of the TM perforation was 86.66% and failure rate was 13.34% in revision myringoplasty. The improvement of the air bone gap between 10-20 dB was 76.66% while the air bone gap between 20-30 dB was unchanged 23.33%. Conclusion: Revision myringoplasty can offer reasonably good chances for postoperative graft healing and hearing improvement with a high success rate. This gives the patient a good benefit in protecting the ear from developing complications that may have poor structural changes in the middle ear (ossicular necrosis and tympanosclerosis) which in turn leads to hearing loss. Keywords: Revision myringoplasty; temporalis fascia; tympanic membrane perforation
{"title":"Success Rate of Revision Myringoplasty Using Temporalis Fascia Graft","authors":"Ismail Abdulnasser Alhiraki","doi":"10.18502/avr.v31i4.10733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v31i4.10733","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: To evaluate the success rate of revision myringoplasty using temporalis fascia graft and to assess the effect of potential influencing factors on closure of tympanic membrane (TM) and hearing outcome such as size and site of perforation, whether the patient is smoking or not and condition of contralateral ear. \u0000Methods: Thirty patients were included in this prospective study, who underwent revision myringoplasty for chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma in the period between 2017- 2019 in the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat-Head and Neck Surgery in Almowasat University Hospital. Data of all patients: perforation size and site, middle ear status, surgical approach, graft material, pre and postoperative morphological and functional results were assessed. The temporal fascia was used for the reconstruction of TM. The interrelation between multiple preoperative parameters and postoperative morphological (closure of the perforation) and functional (hearing level) outcomes were assessed. \u0000Results: Successful closure rate of the TM perforation was 86.66% and failure rate was 13.34% in revision myringoplasty. The improvement of the air bone gap between 10-20 dB was 76.66% while the air bone gap between 20-30 dB was unchanged 23.33%. \u0000Conclusion: Revision myringoplasty can offer reasonably good chances for postoperative graft healing and hearing improvement with a high success rate. This gives the patient a good benefit in protecting the ear from developing complications that may have poor structural changes in the middle ear (ossicular necrosis and tympanosclerosis) which in turn leads to hearing loss. \u0000Keywords: Revision myringoplasty; temporalis fascia; tympanic membrane perforation","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48207666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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