Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.18502/avr.v32i3.12934
Saeid Aarabi, G. Mohammadkhani, S. Farahani, S. Jalaie, A. Parand, Kamal Pahlavan Yali
Background and Aim: The use of subliminal stimulation for unconscious effects on the target population is of great importance. while several studies have generated proper visual and auditory stimuli for subliminal stimulation, no study was found on the long-term effects of it. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the long-term effects of auditory subliminal presentation on the central nervous system structures using fMRI and Auditory Late Responses (ALRs). Methods: Participants were 26 students with a mean age of 24.03±2.32 years. There was four group in study. First, fMRI was done and ALRs were recorded for all of them. Then, music files containing words embedded in them was presented subliminally to participants in groups A and B for 10 days, group C received music file without any subliminal stimuli and group D was control group. It was repeated after 10 days. Results: The subliminal stimuli had significant effects on the amplitudes of P1, N1, P2, and P3 waves (F3=25.03, 25.41, 39.11, and 14.60; p<0.001). Between-group comparison showed significant changes in groups A and B compared to groups C and D (p<0.05). The difference in the recorded potential mean values showed the highest change for recording electrodes in the prefrontal, frontal, and central regions and the lowest change in parietal and occipital regions. There was no significant change for a latency component. Conclusion: Subliminal stimuli, presented appropriately and continuously, can leave long- term effects on the central nervous system structure causing extensive changes in the people’s attitude to a certain subject. Keywords: Subliminal perception; unconscious perception; unconsciousness; subconsciousness; subliminal auditory stimulus
{"title":"Effect of Subliminal Auditory Stimulation on Components of Auditory Late Responses and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in Adults with Normal Hearing","authors":"Saeid Aarabi, G. Mohammadkhani, S. Farahani, S. Jalaie, A. Parand, Kamal Pahlavan Yali","doi":"10.18502/avr.v32i3.12934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i3.12934","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The use of subliminal stimulation for unconscious effects on the target population is of great importance. while several studies have generated proper visual and auditory stimuli for subliminal stimulation, no study was found on the long-term effects of it. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the long-term effects of auditory subliminal presentation on the central nervous system structures using fMRI and Auditory Late Responses (ALRs). \u0000Methods: Participants were 26 students with a mean age of 24.03±2.32 years. There was four group in study. First, fMRI was done and ALRs were recorded for all of them. Then, music files containing words embedded in them was presented subliminally to participants in groups A and B for 10 days, group C received music file without any subliminal stimuli and group D was control group. It was repeated after 10 days. \u0000Results: The subliminal stimuli had significant effects on the amplitudes of P1, N1, P2, and P3 waves (F3=25.03, 25.41, 39.11, and 14.60; p<0.001). Between-group comparison showed significant changes in groups A and B compared to groups C and D (p<0.05). The difference in the recorded potential mean values showed the highest change for recording electrodes in the prefrontal, frontal, and central regions and the lowest change in parietal and occipital regions. There was no significant change for a latency component. \u0000Conclusion: Subliminal stimuli, presented appropriately and continuously, can leave long- term effects on the central nervous system structure causing extensive changes in the people’s attitude to a certain subject. \u0000Keywords: Subliminal perception; unconscious perception; unconsciousness; subconsciousness; subliminal auditory stimulus","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41896381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.18502/avr.v32i3.12940
Mahsa Sheikhi, Azade Abooei, Mahdiyeh Azizi
Background and Aim: Hearing-impairment and hearing loss are humans’ most common neurological and sensory injuries. Having a child with hearing loss, in addition to affecting the amount of stress on the family and parents, can also affect the marital satisfaction of the couple. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Jung’s self-knowledge on the adaptability and marital satisfaction of mothers with hearing-impaired children. Methods: This research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-post-test design with a control group. The study’s statistical population includes all mothers with hearing-impaired children living in Yazd City, Iran. A total of 30 women were selected using the purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into the control (15 people) and intervention groups (15 people). The intervention group received Jung’s self-knowledge training in eight 90-minute sessions once a week, while the control group received no training. Data were collected through a marital satisfaction questionnaire and a family adaptation questionnaire. The data were analyzed at the level of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results of the data analysis showed a significant difference between the variables of compatibility and marital satisfaction in the post-test of the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: Jung’s self-knowledge affects the adaptability and marital satisfaction of mothers with hearing-impaired children. Therefore, self-knowledge with Jung’s method can be useful for improving the adaptability and marital satisfaction of mothers with hearing-impaired children. Keywords: Self-knowledge; Jung’s method; adaptability; marital satisfaction; hearing- impaired children
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Jung’s Self-Knowledge on the Adaptability and Marital Satisfaction of Mothers with Hearing-Impaired Children","authors":"Mahsa Sheikhi, Azade Abooei, Mahdiyeh Azizi","doi":"10.18502/avr.v32i3.12940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i3.12940","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Hearing-impairment and hearing loss are humans’ most common neurological and sensory injuries. Having a child with hearing loss, in addition to affecting the amount of stress on the family and parents, can also affect the marital satisfaction of the couple. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Jung’s self-knowledge on the adaptability and marital satisfaction of mothers with hearing-impaired children. \u0000Methods: This research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-post-test design with a control group. The study’s statistical population includes all mothers with hearing-impaired children living in Yazd City, Iran. A total of 30 women were selected using the purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into the control (15 people) and intervention groups (15 people). The intervention group received Jung’s self-knowledge training in eight 90-minute sessions once a week, while the control group received no training. Data were collected through a marital satisfaction questionnaire and a family adaptation questionnaire. The data were analyzed at the level of descriptive and inferential statistics. \u0000Results: The results of the data analysis showed a significant difference between the variables of compatibility and marital satisfaction in the post-test of the experimental and control groups. \u0000Conclusion: Jung’s self-knowledge affects the adaptability and marital satisfaction of mothers with hearing-impaired children. Therefore, self-knowledge with Jung’s method can be useful for improving the adaptability and marital satisfaction of mothers with hearing-impaired children. \u0000Keywords: Self-knowledge; Jung’s method; adaptability; marital satisfaction; hearing- impaired children","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42898556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.18502/avr.v32i3.12932
Seyede Faranak Emami, Elnaz Shariatpanahi
Background and Aim: Speech-in-Noise (SIN) perception is one of the most important issues processed by human listeners. The purpose of speech tests is to determine the perceptual abilities of people in real life conditions; therefore, can speech tests in quiet be a valuable measure of this ability? Is the central representation of speech-in-quiet and SIN perception the same? This review study aimed to investigate the central representation of SIN perception in healthy individuals aged 14 to 60 years. Recent Findings: Central representation of SIN perception is influenced by various peripheral factors and includes several neural processes. All auditory nerve fibers are stimulated by speech and noise. Low-frequency sounds play a much more important role than high-frequencies. The auditory nerve fibers that are stimulated by speech, respond only to fundamental frequencies (F0). The degree of neural synchronization that increases by noise and causes the simultaneous activity of these fibers, develops auditory processing. Large areas of the auditory cortex and its external parts (parietal, premotor, and mirror neurons) are stimulated. Larger groups of cortical nerve fibers are used for speech signals of the same family with significant ecological importance. Conclusion: Central representation of SIN perception is not the same as in quiet. Speech perception tests in quiet cannot assess real-life perceptual abilities of people. SIN tests should be used routinely as a practical confirmatory test in audiology clinics. It is very necessary that the list of words and sentences required for SIN perception tests be prepared for different languages. Keywords: Speech; noise; perception; auditory cortex; brainstem
{"title":"Central Representation of Speech-in-Noise Perception: A Narrative Review","authors":"Seyede Faranak Emami, Elnaz Shariatpanahi","doi":"10.18502/avr.v32i3.12932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i3.12932","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Speech-in-Noise (SIN) perception is one of the most important issues processed by human listeners. The purpose of speech tests is to determine the perceptual abilities of people in real life conditions; therefore, can speech tests in quiet be a valuable measure of this ability? Is the central representation of speech-in-quiet and SIN perception the same? This review study aimed to investigate the central representation of SIN perception in healthy individuals aged 14 to 60 years. \u0000Recent Findings: Central representation of SIN perception is influenced by various peripheral factors and includes several neural processes. All auditory nerve fibers are stimulated by speech and noise. Low-frequency sounds play a much more important role than high-frequencies. The auditory nerve fibers that are stimulated by speech, respond only to fundamental frequencies (F0). The degree of neural synchronization that increases by noise and causes the simultaneous activity of these fibers, develops auditory processing. Large areas of the auditory cortex and its external parts (parietal, premotor, and mirror neurons) are stimulated. Larger groups of cortical nerve fibers are used for speech signals of the same family with significant ecological importance. \u0000Conclusion: Central representation of SIN perception is not the same as in quiet. Speech perception tests in quiet cannot assess real-life perceptual abilities of people. SIN tests should be used routinely as a practical confirmatory test in audiology clinics. It is very necessary that the list of words and sentences required for SIN perception tests be prepared for different languages. \u0000Keywords: Speech; noise; perception; auditory cortex; brainstem","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48431925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.18502/avr.v32i3.12939
Maziar Khorshidi, N. Rouhbakhsh, Farzaneh Fatahi, N. Yazdani, M. Yaseri, Saeid Aarabi
Background and Aim: Despite more affordable and advanced technologies for early detection of congenital hearing loss, unilateral hearing loss is the prevalent form of hearing loss affecting school-aged children. This study aimed to examine the impact of Words-in-Noise (WIN) training on speech perception of noise in children with unilateral hearing loss. Methods: Thirteen children aged 8 to 12 years with unilateral hearing loss underwent a WIN training program in noise. The participants were tested before and after training on word identification in noise and cortical auditory evoked potentials. Results: A comparison of the mean signal-to-noise ratio 50% between pre- and post-training indicated that signal-to-noise ratio 50% score decreased after training sessions. WIN training reduced the latency in N1 and P2 waves in the Fz electrode and the N1 wave in the Pz electrode and increased the amplitude of the waves in the Fz and Pz electrodes. The observed data suggest that all participants’ performance improved on word identification in noise and some electrophysiological parameters. Cortical auditory evoked potentials components changes did not correlate with the WIN scores. Conclusion: The Persian version of the WIN training improved speech perception ability in the presence of competitive noise in children with unilateral hearing loss. Therefore, this software solution can partially solve speech comprehension problems with noise in these children. Keywords: Unilateral hearing loss; word in noise training; children; listening in noise
背景与目的:尽管早期发现先天性听力损失的技术越来越便宜和先进，但单侧听力损失是影响学龄儿童的常见听力损失形式。本研究旨在探讨单侧听力损失儿童噪音言语感知能力的影响。方法:13名8 - 12岁的单侧听力损失儿童接受了WIN噪音训练计划。在训练前后分别对被试进行了噪声词识别和皮层听觉诱发电位的测试。结果:训练前后的平均信噪比50%的比较表明，训练后的信噪比50%得分下降。WIN训练减少了Fz电极N1波和P2波的潜伏期以及Pz电极N1波的潜伏期，增加了Fz和Pz电极波的振幅。实验结果表明，所有被试在噪声和某些电生理参数下的单词识别能力都有所提高。皮层听觉诱发电位成分的变化与WIN评分无相关性。结论:波斯语版本的WIN训练提高了单侧听力损失儿童在竞争性噪声存在下的言语感知能力。因此，该软件解决方案可以部分解决这些儿童的噪音语音理解问题。关键词:单侧听力损失;Word in noise training;孩子;在噪音中聆听
{"title":"The Effect of a Words-in-Noise Training Method on Speech Perception in Noise of Children with Unilateral Hearing Loss","authors":"Maziar Khorshidi, N. Rouhbakhsh, Farzaneh Fatahi, N. Yazdani, M. Yaseri, Saeid Aarabi","doi":"10.18502/avr.v32i3.12939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i3.12939","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Despite more affordable and advanced technologies for early detection of congenital hearing loss, unilateral hearing loss is the prevalent form of hearing loss affecting school-aged children. This study aimed to examine the impact of Words-in-Noise (WIN) training on speech perception of noise in children with unilateral hearing loss. \u0000Methods: Thirteen children aged 8 to 12 years with unilateral hearing loss underwent a WIN training program in noise. The participants were tested before and after training on word identification in noise and cortical auditory evoked potentials. \u0000Results: A comparison of the mean signal-to-noise ratio 50% between pre- and post-training indicated that signal-to-noise ratio 50% score decreased after training sessions. WIN training reduced the latency in N1 and P2 waves in the Fz electrode and the N1 wave in the Pz electrode and increased the amplitude of the waves in the Fz and Pz electrodes. The observed data suggest that all participants’ performance improved on word identification in noise and some electrophysiological parameters. Cortical auditory evoked potentials components changes did not correlate with the WIN scores. \u0000Conclusion: The Persian version of the WIN training improved speech perception ability in the presence of competitive noise in children with unilateral hearing loss. Therefore, this software solution can partially solve speech comprehension problems with noise in these children. \u0000Keywords: Unilateral hearing loss; word in noise training; children; listening in noise","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46738239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.18502/avr.v32i3.12941
Berkay Arslan, L. Özlüoğlu
Background and Aim: Word Recognition Test (WRT) is a widely used component of routine audiology battery. Several studies were conducted on the effect of words in word recognition lists and whether word difficulty level had an effect in word recalling process of patients. This study aims to compare the scores of patients to the designed Başkent WRT and commonly used Hacettepe WRT by focusing on the lexical neighbourhood. Methods: Study carried out in an Ear Nose and Throat Department of a private university hospital between June and August 2021. 34 persons with sensorineural hearing loss and 34 persons without hearing loss was participated in the study. Designed WRT and widely used common WRT were presented to the participants. Results: Results showed that common WRT included words with more lexical neighbours and sensorineural hearing loss group scores were significantly lower compared to designed WRT. Conclusion: Persons with sensorineural hearing loss have a tendency to misunderstand presented words in WRT as they may trigger other words and misguide the patient. Keywords: Speech audiometry; speech discrimination tests; hearing tests; psychoacoustics
{"title":"Effect of Lexical Neighbourhood on Word Recognition Test: A Study in Turkish","authors":"Berkay Arslan, L. Özlüoğlu","doi":"10.18502/avr.v32i3.12941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i3.12941","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Word Recognition Test (WRT) is a widely used component of routine audiology battery. Several studies were conducted on the effect of words in word recognition lists and whether word difficulty level had an effect in word recalling process of patients. This study aims to compare the scores of patients to the designed Başkent WRT and commonly used Hacettepe WRT by focusing on the lexical neighbourhood. \u0000Methods: Study carried out in an Ear Nose and Throat Department of a private university hospital between June and August 2021. 34 persons with sensorineural hearing loss and 34 persons without hearing loss was participated in the study. Designed WRT and widely used common WRT were presented to the participants. \u0000Results: Results showed that common WRT included words with more lexical neighbours and sensorineural hearing loss group scores were significantly lower compared to designed WRT. \u0000Conclusion: Persons with sensorineural hearing loss have a tendency to misunderstand presented words in WRT as they may trigger other words and misguide the patient. \u0000Keywords: Speech audiometry; speech discrimination tests; hearing tests; psychoacoustics","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41628439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.18502/avr.v32i3.12933
Behnoush Kamali, M. A. Ghahraman, Reza Hoseinabadi, V. Aghamollaii, S. Jalaie
Background and Aim: Considering the critical input of the vestibular system to the hippocampus as an area involved in cognition, and vestibular disorders reported in patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), we aimed to investigate the effects of Vestibular Rehabilitation (VR) with and without noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (nGVS) on cognitive function in patients with aMCI. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, twenty-two patients with aMCI were randomly assigned to two groups receiving: 1) VR for four weeks (VR group); 2) VR for four weeks with nGVS for three sessions (GVS+VR group). Outcome measures were Rey's Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Corsi blocks, Visual Search (VS), and match to sample tests. Results: Mean immediate and delayed recalls of RAVLT, all of the outcomes of Corsi blocks and VS tests, and the error rate of the match to sample tests improved significantly after intervention in VR and GVS+VR groups. Between-group differences were observed for learning and delayed recalls of RAVLT (p=0.001, d=0.444 and p<0.001, d=0.512 respectively), reaction times 1 and 2 in VS (p=0.007, d=0.325 and p=0.001, d=0.446 respectively), the total correct trial of Corsi blocks (p=0.026, d=0.235), and error rate of the match to sample (p=0.017, d=0.266) tests. Conclusion: The synergistic effect of VR and GVS suggested that simultaneous use of both stimulations improves verbal and visuospatial memory in aMCI patients. Study protocol location: https://irct.ir/trial/47249 Trial registration number: IRCT20160131026279N3 Keywords: Mild cognitive impairment; spatial memory; verbal memory; hippocampus; galvanic vestibular stimulation; vestibular rehabilitation
{"title":"Combination of Vestibular Rehabilitation and Galvanic VestibularStimulation ImprovesVerbal andVisuospatial Memory: A Randomized Control Trial in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment","authors":"Behnoush Kamali, M. A. Ghahraman, Reza Hoseinabadi, V. Aghamollaii, S. Jalaie","doi":"10.18502/avr.v32i3.12933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i3.12933","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Considering the critical input of the vestibular system to the hippocampus as an area involved in cognition, and vestibular disorders reported in patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), we aimed to investigate the effects of Vestibular Rehabilitation (VR) with and without noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (nGVS) on cognitive function in patients with aMCI. \u0000Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, twenty-two patients with aMCI were randomly assigned to two groups receiving: 1) VR for four weeks (VR group); 2) VR for four weeks with nGVS for three sessions (GVS+VR group). Outcome measures were Rey's Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Corsi blocks, Visual Search (VS), and match to sample tests. \u0000Results: Mean immediate and delayed recalls of RAVLT, all of the outcomes of Corsi blocks and VS tests, and the error rate of the match to sample tests improved significantly after intervention in VR and GVS+VR groups. Between-group differences were observed for learning and delayed recalls of RAVLT (p=0.001, d=0.444 and p<0.001, d=0.512 respectively), reaction times 1 and 2 in VS (p=0.007, d=0.325 and p=0.001, d=0.446 respectively), the total correct trial of Corsi blocks (p=0.026, d=0.235), and error rate of the match to sample (p=0.017, d=0.266) tests. \u0000Conclusion: The synergistic effect of VR and GVS suggested that simultaneous use of both stimulations improves verbal and visuospatial memory in aMCI patients. Study protocol location: https://irct.ir/trial/47249 Trial registration number: IRCT20160131026279N3 \u0000Keywords: Mild cognitive impairment; spatial memory; verbal memory; hippocampus; galvanic vestibular stimulation; vestibular rehabilitation","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47853824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.18502/avr.v32i3.12936
Raha Nekoutabar, Hamid Jalilvand, H. Ashayeri, Mohammad Ebrahim Mahdavi, Seyed Mahdi Tabatabaee
Background and Aim: Music can be a favorite, annoying, or even a distracting noise. It is known that the processing of brain hemispheres is affected by the pleasantness/unpleasantness of music, which could be utilized as a signal or noise in auditory neuroscience. By using the Acceptable Noise Level (ANL) test, which is the quantification of noise tolerance while listening to a running speech, we investigated whether the pleasantness/unpleasantness of music affects the ANL results under monotic-listening and dichotic-listening conditions. Methods: Based on the subjective scale scores, pleasant and unpleasant music (10 songs) were selected as alternatives to babble noise or running speech for testing 50 subjects for seven monotic and dichotic listening conditions. Results: While pleasant music changed the ANL significantly under monotic listening conditions, the higher level of babble noise was tolerated, and both characteristics of music pleasantness and unpleasantness changed ANL significantly for various dichotic conditions. The range of the ANL for dichotic conditions is wider than that for monotic conditions. Conclusion: Music can affect the ANL in terms of pleasantness and unpleasantness for both monotic and dichotic listening conditions, with a greater effect on dichotic conditions, indicating the role of hemispheric specification in emotional music processing. Keywords: Acceptable noise level; dichotic listening; monotic listening; noise; brain processing
{"title":"Effect of Pleasantness and Unpleasantness of Music on the Acceptable Noise Level","authors":"Raha Nekoutabar, Hamid Jalilvand, H. Ashayeri, Mohammad Ebrahim Mahdavi, Seyed Mahdi Tabatabaee","doi":"10.18502/avr.v32i3.12936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i3.12936","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Music can be a favorite, annoying, or even a distracting noise. It is known that the processing of brain hemispheres is affected by the pleasantness/unpleasantness of music, which could be utilized as a signal or noise in auditory neuroscience. By using the Acceptable Noise Level (ANL) test, which is the quantification of noise tolerance while listening to a running speech, we investigated whether the pleasantness/unpleasantness of music affects the ANL results under monotic-listening and dichotic-listening conditions. \u0000Methods: Based on the subjective scale scores, pleasant and unpleasant music (10 songs) were selected as alternatives to babble noise or running speech for testing 50 subjects for seven monotic and dichotic listening conditions. \u0000Results: While pleasant music changed the ANL significantly under monotic listening conditions, the higher level of babble noise was tolerated, and both characteristics of music pleasantness and unpleasantness changed ANL significantly for various dichotic conditions. The range of the ANL for dichotic conditions is wider than that for monotic conditions. \u0000Conclusion: Music can affect the ANL in terms of pleasantness and unpleasantness for both monotic and dichotic listening conditions, with a greater effect on dichotic conditions, indicating the role of hemispheric specification in emotional music processing. \u0000Keywords: Acceptable noise level; dichotic listening; monotic listening; noise; brain processing","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45188959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.18502/avr.v32i3.12938
Somayeh Mohammadian, M. Kamali, Mohammad Maarefvand, H. Mobaraki
Background and Aim: Satisfaction with hearing aids is very important for continued use of the device and improving hearing status and quality of lives of people with hearing loss. MarkeTrak survey has been used for many years to track factors influencing satisfaction with hearing aids. This study aimed to make a valid and reliable Persian version of the MarkeTrak survey to measure the effects of type of fitting, experience and technology on hearing aid satisfaction. Methods: After confirmation of validity and reliability of the Persian MarkeTrak, 71 people participate in the study. The effects of bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids (type of fitting), experience and wireless versus non-wireless technology were tested. Results: Bilateral hearing aid users has significantly higher satisfaction rate than unilateral users (65.6±7.2 versus 59.9±17.7). The effects of experience with using hearing aids and type of technology did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Higher satisfaction with bilateral hearing aids might result from better sound quality in diverse listening conditions, spatial hearing and directionality with two ears rather than one ear. Keywords: Persian MarkeTrak; bilateral hearing aids; wireless; experience; satisfaction
{"title":"The Effects of Type of Fitting, Technology and User Experience on Satisfaction with Hearing Aid Assessed by Persian Version of the MarkeTrak Survey","authors":"Somayeh Mohammadian, M. Kamali, Mohammad Maarefvand, H. Mobaraki","doi":"10.18502/avr.v32i3.12938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i3.12938","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Satisfaction with hearing aids is very important for continued use of the device and improving hearing status and quality of lives of people with hearing loss. MarkeTrak survey has been used for many years to track factors influencing satisfaction with hearing aids. This study aimed to make a valid and reliable Persian version of the MarkeTrak survey to measure the effects of type of fitting, experience and technology on hearing aid satisfaction. \u0000Methods: After confirmation of validity and reliability of the Persian MarkeTrak, 71 people participate in the study. The effects of bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids (type of fitting), experience and wireless versus non-wireless technology were tested. \u0000Results: Bilateral hearing aid users has significantly higher satisfaction rate than unilateral users (65.6±7.2 versus 59.9±17.7). The effects of experience with using hearing aids and type of technology did not reach statistical significance. \u0000Conclusion: Higher satisfaction with bilateral hearing aids might result from better sound quality in diverse listening conditions, spatial hearing and directionality with two ears rather than one ear. \u0000Keywords: Persian MarkeTrak; bilateral hearing aids; wireless; experience; satisfaction","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45713974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aim: Tinnitus is a common symptom and affects patients differently. The Iowa Tinnitus Primary Function (ITPF) questionnaire evaluates tinnitus in four areas: concentration, emotion, hearing, and sleep. This study aimed to translate and then assess the psychometrics of the ITPF questionnaire. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and methodological (test construction) study. The questionnaire was translated by the Word Health Organization protocol. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed. The measured validities were the content, face, and discriminative. The reliability was estimated by internal consistency and test-retest stability. We also measured the effects of age and sex on the questionnaire’s score. Results: The questionnaire was translated based on the protocol. Each item of the questionnaire was understandable for patients and healthy participants. The face and content validities were confirmed by the patients and specialists, respectively. The score of 10.97 was determined as the cutoff point between patients and healthy participants, with a sensitivity of 86.70% and a specificity of 96.10%. The Cronbach α was found to be 0.958, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.975. No significant effect was observed for age (p=0.314) and gender (p=0.866). Conclusion: The Persian version of the questionnaire showed high validity and reliability. It could be used in research and clinical settings. Keywords: Tinnitus; tinnitus primary function questionnaire; reliability; validity
{"title":"The Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Persian Version of Iowa Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire","authors":"Hossein Namvar Arefi, Majid Haddadi Aval, Nastran Ranjbar, Sadegh Jafarzadeh","doi":"10.18502/avr.v32i3.12937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i3.12937","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Tinnitus is a common symptom and affects patients differently. The Iowa Tinnitus Primary Function (ITPF) questionnaire evaluates tinnitus in four areas: concentration, emotion, hearing, and sleep. This study aimed to translate and then assess the psychometrics of the ITPF questionnaire. \u0000Methods: This is a cross-sectional and methodological (test construction) study. The questionnaire was translated by the Word Health Organization protocol. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed. The measured validities were the content, face, and discriminative. The reliability was estimated by internal consistency and test-retest stability. We also measured the effects of age and sex on the questionnaire’s score. \u0000Results: The questionnaire was translated based on the protocol. Each item of the questionnaire was understandable for patients and healthy participants. The face and content validities were confirmed by the patients and specialists, respectively. The score of 10.97 was determined as the cutoff point between patients and healthy participants, with a sensitivity of 86.70% and a specificity of 96.10%. The Cronbach α was found to be 0.958, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.975. No significant effect was observed for age (p=0.314) and gender (p=0.866). \u0000Conclusion: The Persian version of the questionnaire showed high validity and reliability. It could be used in research and clinical settings. \u0000Keywords: Tinnitus; tinnitus primary function questionnaire; reliability; validity","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49234288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-12DOI: 10.18502/avr.v32i2.12184
Ramya Sudersonam, Ramya Vaidyanath
Background and Aim: Dichotic listening has been defined as the simultaneous stimulation of both ears and has been used to evaluate a listener’s binaural integration/separation ability. Dichotic tests are available in various languages and use varied stimuli. The study aimed to evaluate the differential performance of Tamil-speaking young adults in two tests of dichotic perception namely Dichotic Consonant Vowel (DCV) test and Dichotic Digit Test in Tamil (DDT T). Methods: Sixty adults with normal hearing aged 18 to 35 years were the participants of the study. All the young adults were native speakers of the Tamil language without significant auditory history. DCV and DDT-T were administered in randomized order at 50 dB SL (re: SRT) in free recall condition. The participants were instructed to respond orally and the responses were noted. Results: Better performance was observed in dichotic digit compared to DCV test for all participants. This was attributed to the higher number of cues available in DDT-T. Further, error analyses of participants’ responses revealed that voicing errors were higher with the highest errors in the identification of unvoiced consonant /ta/ in both ears. The reason for this could be the lack of contextual cues in DCV test for Tamil-speaking individuals to interpret the voicing feature of a consonant. Conclusion: It can be concluded that DDT-T was more useful in assessing binaural integration ability of native Tamil speakers compared to DCV. It is recommended to be used in the behavioral test battery for evaluating auditory processing disorder in native Tamil speakers. Keywords: Dichotic digit; dichotic consonant vowel; free recall
背景和目的：双耳听被定义为同时刺激两只耳朵，并被用于评估听众的双耳整合/分离能力。二分法测试有多种语言，使用不同的刺激。本研究旨在评估讲泰米尔语的年轻人在两项二分感知测试中的差异表现，即二分辅音元音（DCV）测试和泰米尔语二分数字测试（DDT T）。方法：60名18至35岁听力正常的成年人作为研究对象。所有的年轻人都以泰米尔语为母语，没有明显的听觉病史。DCV和DDT-T在自由回忆条件下以50 dB SL（re:SRT）的随机顺序给药。参与者被要求口头回答，并注意回答。结果：与DCV测试相比，所有参与者的二分位数表现更好。这归因于DDT-T中可用的线索数量更高。此外，对参与者回答的错误分析显示，发音错误更高，在识别双耳的清音辅音/ta/时错误最高。这可能是因为在DCV测试中，讲泰米尔语的人缺乏上下文线索来解释辅音的发音特征。结论：与DCV相比，DDT-T在评估母语为泰米尔语的人的双耳整合能力方面更有用。建议将其用于行为测试组，以评估母语为泰米尔语的人的听觉处理障碍。关键词：二分位数；二分辅音元音；免费召回
{"title":"Evaluation of Difference in Performance of Young Adults in Dichotic Digit Test in Tamil and Dichotic Consonant Vowel Test","authors":"Ramya Sudersonam, Ramya Vaidyanath","doi":"10.18502/avr.v32i2.12184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i2.12184","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Dichotic listening has been defined as the simultaneous stimulation of both ears and has been used to evaluate a listener’s binaural integration/separation ability. Dichotic tests are available in various languages and use varied stimuli. The study aimed to evaluate the differential performance of Tamil-speaking young adults in two tests of dichotic perception namely Dichotic Consonant Vowel (DCV) test and Dichotic Digit Test in Tamil (DDT T). \u0000Methods: Sixty adults with normal hearing aged 18 to 35 years were the participants of the study. All the young adults were native speakers of the Tamil language without significant auditory history. DCV and DDT-T were administered in randomized order at 50 dB SL (re: SRT) in free recall condition. The participants were instructed to respond orally and the responses were noted. \u0000Results: Better performance was observed in dichotic digit compared to DCV test for all participants. This was attributed to the higher number of cues available in DDT-T. Further, error analyses of participants’ responses revealed that voicing errors were higher with the highest errors in the identification of unvoiced consonant /ta/ in both ears. The reason for this could be the lack of contextual cues in DCV test for Tamil-speaking individuals to interpret the voicing feature of a consonant. \u0000Conclusion: It can be concluded that DDT-T was more useful in assessing binaural integration ability of native Tamil speakers compared to DCV. It is recommended to be used in the behavioral test battery for evaluating auditory processing disorder in native Tamil speakers. \u0000Keywords: Dichotic digit; dichotic consonant vowel; free recall","PeriodicalId":34089,"journal":{"name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47297862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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