The hydrodynamic characteristics of mixing fluids are always the points to consider in improvement of their mixing quality especially using motionless mixers normally stated as “Static Mixers”. Motionless mixing technique was adopted for Air-Water system with the advantage of negligible power consumption over dynamic mixers. Different hydrodynamic characteristics were experimented using “Baffle Type” static element and were compared to those of already used in recent studies. Dissolved oxygen content, Static mixer geometry (i.e. Baffle, Blade, Wheel, Plate and Needle), mixing fluids flow rates were chosen as variables and selected in this content as rate of mass transfer study which founds out to be significant using “Baffle Type” static element. Volumetric mass transfer was also achieved at higher scale which gives a clear indication of increase the mass transfer coefficient in between the comparison of “Baffle type” element and other mentioned elements. Pressure droplet and depletion in Air bubble size across static elements were visually perceived using Hg-Manometer and still photography respectively. A mathematical model was also developed portraying the Air bubble diameter at different flow rates for this system. Other hydrodynamics like higher Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Content, Less Power consumption were also found to be more advantageous for “Baffle Type” static element.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR- WATER SYSTEM USING DISSIMILAR MOTIONLESS MIXERS","authors":"D. M. Hussain","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.228","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrodynamic characteristics of mixing fluids are always the points to consider in improvement of their mixing quality especially using motionless mixers normally stated as “Static Mixers”. Motionless mixing technique was adopted for Air-Water system with the advantage of negligible power consumption over dynamic mixers. Different hydrodynamic characteristics were experimented using “Baffle Type” static element and were compared to those of already used in recent studies. Dissolved oxygen content, Static mixer geometry (i.e. Baffle, Blade, Wheel, Plate and Needle), mixing fluids flow rates were chosen as variables and selected in this content as rate of mass transfer study which founds out to be significant using “Baffle Type” static element. Volumetric mass transfer was also achieved at higher scale which gives a clear indication of increase the mass transfer coefficient in between the comparison of “Baffle type” element and other mentioned elements. Pressure droplet and depletion in Air bubble size across static elements were visually perceived using Hg-Manometer and still photography respectively. A mathematical model was also developed portraying the Air bubble diameter at different flow rates for this system. Other hydrodynamics like higher Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Content, Less Power consumption were also found to be more advantageous for “Baffle Type” static element.","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127633054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transportation plays an important role in the development of a country. Due to the increase in the population, the demand for good transportation and passengers increased. For this purpose, new highways are built up every year. The demand for material for the construction is increasing and the researchers are in the race to find out materials which not only used as a replacer but also increase the strength parameters and decrease destresses in Hot Mix Asphalt pavement. In the present study Sugarcane, Bagasse Ash which is an agricultural waste was used as a filler material. At Optimum Binder Content 4.55 maximum stability of 7.03 KN was achieved while for the samples having stone dust as a filler material give maximum stability at 4.33 percent of 7.37 KN. Bagasse ash used as a filler in Wheel tracker test has given the best result at temperature 300C and the average rut depth was recorded as 2.065mm while stone dust samples showed average rut depth 2.235mm at 30 0Cand the number of passes was recorded as 14000. On the other hand, the samples which are subjected to a temperature of 600C BA samples showed greater rut of the average value of 6.81mm whereas the average value of stone dust samples showed 6.615mm rut depth. From the above results, the author concluded that bagasse is the best modifier material for the areas having low temperature such as 30 0C or below.
{"title":"Rutting Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt Using Bagasse Ash as Filler","authors":"N. Khan","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.151","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation plays an important role in the development of a country. Due to the increase in the population, the demand for good transportation and passengers increased. For this purpose, new highways are built up every year. The demand for material for the construction is increasing and the researchers are in the race to find out materials which not only used as a replacer but also increase the strength parameters and decrease destresses in Hot Mix Asphalt pavement. In the present study Sugarcane, Bagasse Ash which is an agricultural waste was used as a filler material. At Optimum Binder Content 4.55 maximum stability of 7.03 KN was achieved while for the samples having stone dust as a filler material give maximum stability at 4.33 percent of 7.37 KN. Bagasse ash used as a filler in Wheel tracker test has given the best result at temperature 300C and the average rut depth was recorded as 2.065mm while stone dust samples showed average rut depth 2.235mm at 30 0Cand the number of passes was recorded as 14000. On the other hand, the samples which are subjected to a temperature of 600C BA samples showed greater rut of the average value of 6.81mm whereas the average value of stone dust samples showed 6.615mm rut depth. From the above results, the author concluded that bagasse is the best modifier material for the areas having low temperature such as 30 0C or below. ","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131471431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Capacitive humidity sensor based on Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) electrospun nanofibers was fabricated. PVA nanofibers were synthesized through versatile electrospinning technique. The synthesized nanofibers were heat treated and characterized via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) for structural, morphological and thermal properties. The fibers of admirable morphological structure were selected and deposited over interdigitated alumina electrodes for the investigation of Relative Humidity (RH) sensing characteristics. The variation in capacitance of the sensor with RH was measured 48pf at 32-92% RH. The dynamic response study confirmed the durability and stability of the sensor. The material exhibited quick response and recovery time and takes 13.27 seconds to measure the maximum RH value. Thus, the proposed sensing material has the potential of possible application in humidity sensing devices.
{"title":"Synthesis and Fabrication of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibers Based Capacitive Relative Humidity Sensor","authors":"H. Rashid","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.303","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Abstract \u0000Capacitive humidity sensor based on Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) electrospun nanofibers was fabricated. PVA nanofibers were synthesized through versatile electrospinning technique. The synthesized nanofibers were heat treated and characterized via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) for structural, morphological and thermal properties. The fibers of admirable morphological structure were selected and deposited over interdigitated alumina electrodes for the investigation of Relative Humidity (RH) sensing characteristics. The variation in capacitance of the sensor with RH was measured 48pf at 32-92% RH. The dynamic response study confirmed the durability and stability of the sensor. The material exhibited quick response and recovery time and takes 13.27 seconds to measure the maximum RH value. Thus, the proposed sensing material has the potential of possible application in humidity sensing devices. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133367401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khalid Javeed, Muhammad Huzaifa, Safiullah Khan, A. Jafri
In this modern era, data protection is very important. To achieve this, the data must be secured using either public-key or private-key cryptography (PKC). PKC eliminates the need of sharing key at the beginning of communication. PKC systems such as ECC and RSA is implemented for different security services such as key exchange between sender, receiver and key distribution between different network nodes and authentication protocols. PKC is based on computationally intensive finite field arithmetic operations. In the PKC schemes, modular multiplication (MM) is the most critical operation. Usually, this operation is performed by integer multiplication (IM) followed by a reduction modulo M. However, the reduction step involves a long division operation that is expensive in terms of area, time and resources. Montgomery multiplication algorithm facilitates faster MM operation without the division operation. In this paper, low latency hardware implementation of the Montgomery multiplier is proposed. Many interesting and novel optimization strategies are adopted in the proposed design. The proposed Montgomery multiplier is based on school-book multiplier, Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm and fast adders techniques. The Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm and school-book multiplier recommends cutting down the operands into smaller chunks while adders facilitate fast addition for large size operands. The proposed design is simulated, synthesized and implemented using Xilinx ISE Design Suite by targeting different Xilinx FPGA devices for different bit sizes (64-1024). The proposed design is evaluated on the basis of computational time, area consumption, and throughput. The implementation results show that the proposed design can easily outperform the state of the art
在这个现代时代，数据保护是非常重要的。要实现这一点，必须使用公钥或私钥加密(PKC)来保护数据。PKC消除了在通信开始时共享密钥的需要。ECC、RSA等PKC系统是针对发送方、接收方之间的密钥交换、不同网络节点和认证协议之间的密钥分发等不同的安全服务而实现的。PKC是基于计算密集型的有限域算术运算。在PKC方案中，模乘法是最关键的运算。通常，此操作通过整数乘法(IM)执行，然后对m进行约简取模。然而，约简步骤涉及长除法操作，在面积、时间和资源方面都很昂贵。Montgomery乘法算法使MM运算更快，无需进行除法运算。本文提出了蒙哥马利乘法器的低延迟硬件实现。在设计中采用了许多新颖有趣的优化策略。所提出的蒙哥马利乘法器是基于教科书乘法器、Karatsuba-Ofman算法和快速加法器技术。Karatsuba-Ofman算法和教科书上的乘数建议将操作数分成更小的块，而加法器则有助于对大操作数进行快速加法。针对不同位大小(64-1024)的Xilinx FPGA器件，使用Xilinx ISE design Suite对所提出的设计进行了模拟、合成和实现。根据计算时间、面积消耗和吞吐量对提出的设计进行了评估。实施结果表明，所提出的设计可以轻松地超越目前的技术水平
{"title":"Low latency Montgomery multiplier for cryptographic applications","authors":"Khalid Javeed, Muhammad Huzaifa, Safiullah Khan, A. Jafri","doi":"10.33317/SSURJ.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/SSURJ.213","url":null,"abstract":"In this modern era, data protection is very important. To achieve this, the data must be secured using either public-key or private-key cryptography (PKC). PKC eliminates the need of sharing key at the beginning of communication. PKC systems such as ECC and RSA is implemented for different security services such as key exchange between sender, receiver and key distribution between different network nodes and authentication protocols. PKC is based on computationally intensive finite field arithmetic operations. In the PKC schemes, modular multiplication (MM) is the most critical operation. Usually, this operation is performed by integer multiplication (IM) followed by a reduction modulo M. However, the reduction step involves a long division operation that is expensive in terms of area, time and resources. Montgomery multiplication algorithm facilitates faster MM operation without the division operation. In this paper, low latency hardware implementation of the Montgomery multiplier is proposed. Many interesting and novel optimization strategies are adopted in the proposed design. The proposed Montgomery multiplier is based on school-book multiplier, Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm and fast adders techniques. The Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm and school-book multiplier recommends cutting down the operands into smaller chunks while adders facilitate fast addition for large size operands. The proposed design is simulated, synthesized and implemented using Xilinx ISE Design Suite by targeting different Xilinx FPGA devices for different bit sizes (64-1024). The proposed design is evaluated on the basis of computational time, area consumption, and throughput. The implementation results show that the proposed design can easily outperform the state of the art","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116682375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this modern era of Internet, E-learning is very popular among Internet users, users utilize Internet to learn from their homes with little or less effort. However the need to upgrade the suite to counter the ever increasing needs of internet was recognized and IPv6 suite was approved in 1994. IPv6 not only overcomes the issue of depletion of network addresses but also provides various other features such as automation, scalability, security, and others such as multicasting etc. Migration to IPv6 is dependent on its performance against the IPv4 implemented system. In this paper evaluation of various performance metrics of e-learning network performance on IPv4 vs IPv6 implemented system were considered. The results show the difference in the performance which must be considered when adopting the newer version and/or its implication on the end-system application. A comparison of performance of IPv6 on the Linux operating system against other popular operating system such as Windows and MacOS was noted. Overall it was shown by results that the Linux implementation of e-learning over IPv6 outperformed the other commodity operating system.
{"title":"COMPARITATIVE ANALYIS OF IPVE & IPV6 INTENDED FOR LEARNING OBJECT REPOSITORY TO SETUP AN E-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Imranullah Khan","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.174","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000In this modern era of Internet, E-learning is very popular among Internet users, users utilize Internet to learn from their homes with little or less effort. However the need to upgrade the suite to counter the ever increasing needs of internet was recognized and IPv6 suite was approved in 1994. IPv6 not only overcomes the issue of depletion of network addresses but also provides various other features such as automation, scalability, security, and others such as multicasting etc. Migration to IPv6 is dependent on its performance against the IPv4 implemented system. In this paper evaluation of various performance metrics of e-learning network performance on IPv4 vs IPv6 implemented system were considered. The results show the difference in the performance which must be considered when adopting the newer version and/or its implication on the end-system application. A comparison of performance of IPv6 on the Linux operating system against other popular operating system such as Windows and MacOS was noted. Overall it was shown by results that the Linux implementation of e-learning over IPv6 outperformed the other commodity operating system. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125521831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bilal Nizmani, F. A. Memon, B. S. Chowdhary, G. Fizza, Suleiman Wadi Harun
In this work, we have experimentally reported Q-switched pulse generation by indium tin oxide as a saturable absorber. First the glass slide was placed in electron beam deposition chamber and indium tin oxide layer was coated over the glass slide. Then the indium tin oxide was exfoliated from the glass slide, over the fiber ferrules in erbium doped fiber laser cavity. The Q-switched laser operated at center wavelength of 1562.6 nm. The repetition rate and pulse width were obtained to be 48.31-64.52 kHz and 5.65-4.23 µs, respectively.
{"title":"Q-switched EDF LASER Cavity using ITO as Saturable Absorber","authors":"Bilal Nizmani, F. A. Memon, B. S. Chowdhary, G. Fizza, Suleiman Wadi Harun","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.314","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we have experimentally reported Q-switched pulse generation by indium tin oxide as a saturable absorber. First the glass slide was placed in electron beam deposition chamber and indium tin oxide layer was coated over the glass slide. Then the indium tin oxide was exfoliated from the glass slide, over the fiber ferrules in erbium doped fiber laser cavity. The Q-switched laser operated at center wavelength of 1562.6 nm. The repetition rate and pulse width were obtained to be 48.31-64.52 kHz and 5.65-4.23 µs, respectively.","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127493402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Historic structures are unparalleled jewels of the past embedded in the built environment. They integrate the present society with the past and future through its historic fabric existence over the decades. The negligence due to the economic dilemma in our part of the world is one of the major reasons of the disappearance of many such historic structures. Building condition assessment tool is very useful in decision making for such historic structures that can be saved for the future generations within the available resources through the maintenance prioritization listing developed regionally. The presented research was carried out on one of the historic structure Samadhi Dewan Mal situated in Multan (which is known as the city of saints). The city of Multan displays rich historical evidences in the form of tombs, mosques, historic residential houses, palaces, temples and archaeological sites. Through the visual analysis in addition to the damage identification and observations maintenance matrix was developed for different parts of the historic structure that can be replicated for other structures/ sites as well to stop further destruction of neglected heritage. The concluded rating of Samadhi Dewan Mal placed it in medium condition that needs repair strategy to regenerate its original essence with authenticity.
历史建筑是镶嵌在建筑环境中的历史瑰宝。它们通过几十年来的历史结构将现在的社会与过去和未来结合在一起。由于我们这一地区的经济困境而造成的疏忽是许多这类历史建筑消失的主要原因之一。建筑状况评估工具在决策中非常有用，这些历史建筑可以在可用资源范围内通过区域开发的维护优先列表为后代保存。所提出的研究是在木尔坦(被称为圣人之城)的一个历史建筑Samadhi Dewan Mal上进行的。木尔坦市以古墓、清真寺、历史民居、宫殿、寺庙和考古遗址的形式展示了丰富的历史证据。通过视觉分析，除了损坏识别和观察之外，还为历史建筑的不同部分开发了维护矩阵，这些矩阵可以复制到其他结构/遗址中，也可以阻止被忽视的遗产的进一步破坏。《三摩地·德万马尔》的最终评级处于中等状态，需要修复策略以恢复其原始本质与真实性。
{"title":"Preliminary Condition Analysis of Samadhi Dewan Sawan Mal, Multan","authors":"Jahanzaib Qamar, Dr. Saima Gulzar, Z. Iqbal","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.241","url":null,"abstract":"Historic structures are unparalleled jewels of the past embedded in the built environment. They integrate the present society with the past and future through its historic fabric existence over the decades. The negligence due to the economic dilemma in our part of the world is one of the major reasons of the disappearance of many such historic structures. Building condition assessment tool is very useful in decision making for such historic structures that can be saved for the future generations within the available resources through the maintenance prioritization listing developed regionally. The presented research was carried out on one of the historic structure Samadhi Dewan Mal situated in Multan (which is known as the city of saints). The city of Multan displays rich historical evidences in the form of tombs, mosques, historic residential houses, palaces, temples and archaeological sites. Through the visual analysis in addition to the damage identification and observations maintenance matrix was developed for different parts of the historic structure that can be replicated for other structures/ sites as well to stop further destruction of neglected heritage. The concluded rating of Samadhi Dewan Mal placed it in medium condition that needs repair strategy to regenerate its original essence with authenticity.","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125226160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sobia Iftikhar, Sania Bhatti, Z. Bhatti, M. Memon, F. Memon
Ground water contamination with Arsenic (As) is one of the foremost issues in the South Asian countries where ground water is one of the foremost sources of drinking water. In Asian countries, especially people of Pakistan living in rural areas are devouring ground water for drinking purpose, and cleaned water is not accessible to them. This arsenic contaminated water is hazardous for human health. The persistence of this study is to study the increasing level of arsenic in ground water in coming years for Khairpur, Sindh Pakistan, which is also increasing the cancer rate (skin cancer, blood cancer) gradually in human body. To predict the arsenic value and cancer risk for the next five years, we have developed two models via Microsoft Azure machine learning with algorithms include Support Vector Machine (SVM), Linear Regression (LR), Bayesian Linear Regression (BLR), Boosted Decision tree (BDT), exponential smoothing ETS, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). The developed predictive model named as Arsenic Contamination and Cancer Risk Assessment Prediction Model (ACCRAP model) will help us to forecast the arsenic contamination levels and the cancer rate. The results demonstrated that BLR pose highest prediction accuracy of cancer rate among the four deployed machine learning algorithms.
{"title":"Groundwater Arsenic and Cancer Risk Assessment Prediction model via Machine Learning: A Step Towards Modernizing Academic Research","authors":"Sobia Iftikhar, Sania Bhatti, Z. Bhatti, M. Memon, F. Memon","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.232","url":null,"abstract":"Ground water contamination with Arsenic (As) is one of the foremost issues in the South Asian countries where ground water is one of the foremost sources of drinking water. In Asian countries, especially people of Pakistan living in rural areas are devouring ground water for drinking purpose, and cleaned water is not accessible to them. This arsenic contaminated water is hazardous for human health. The persistence of this study is to study the increasing level of arsenic in ground water in coming years for Khairpur, Sindh Pakistan, which is also increasing the cancer rate (skin cancer, blood cancer) gradually in human body. To predict the arsenic value and cancer risk for the next five years, we have developed two models via Microsoft Azure machine learning with algorithms include Support Vector Machine (SVM), Linear Regression (LR), Bayesian Linear Regression (BLR), Boosted Decision tree (BDT), exponential smoothing ETS, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). The developed predictive model named as Arsenic Contamination and Cancer Risk Assessment Prediction Model (ACCRAP model) will help us to forecast the arsenic contamination levels and the cancer rate. The results demonstrated that BLR pose highest prediction accuracy of cancer rate among the four deployed machine learning algorithms.","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125128133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research is concept based investigation of assessing the practical viability in terms of sustainability, for restoration and adaptive reuse of Sikh Era historic Havelis in Lahore. The timeless history, architecture and unique features of interior built environment of Sikh Era havelis are considered to be as an ideal aspiration for conservation and adaptive reuse in the recent times. History reveals that there are several examples of reused historic buildings that illustrate the practicality of the concept in terms of sustainability; economic impact, vitality of social life, and usability of existing urban resources including energy saving. A heritage survey of Sikh Havelis in Lahore, expert interviews and a review of literature concerning adaptive reuse of historic buildings is used as a tool of conducting qualitative and comparative research. The research recommends key implications for local governments in Lahore and eventually provide a theoretical research framework that can be incorporated in the decision-making processes for adaptive reuse projects. The expert opinion directs that adaptive reuse is important for quality enhancement, practicing sustainability principles, renew the old resource with future demands. The experts were agreed that adaptive reuse increases the age of building, provides safe and healthy environment and feasibility stage of adaptive reuse give direction to decision process.
{"title":"Sustainable Viability for Restoration and Adaptive Reuse of Sikh Era Havelis in Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Sadia Farooq, Amna Khalid Qureshi","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.162","url":null,"abstract":"This research is concept based investigation of assessing the practical viability in terms of sustainability, for restoration and adaptive reuse of Sikh Era historic Havelis in Lahore. The timeless history, architecture and unique features of interior built environment of Sikh Era havelis are considered to be as an ideal aspiration for conservation and adaptive reuse in the recent times. History reveals that there are several examples of reused historic buildings that illustrate the practicality of the concept in terms of sustainability; economic impact, vitality of social life, and usability of existing urban resources including energy saving. A heritage survey of Sikh Havelis in Lahore, expert interviews and a review of literature concerning adaptive reuse of historic buildings is used as a tool of conducting qualitative and comparative research. The research recommends key implications for local governments in Lahore and eventually provide a theoretical research framework that can be incorporated in the decision-making processes for adaptive reuse projects. The expert opinion directs that adaptive reuse is important for quality enhancement, practicing sustainability principles, renew the old resource with future demands. The experts were agreed that adaptive reuse increases the age of building, provides safe and healthy environment and feasibility stage of adaptive reuse give direction to decision process.","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"105-D 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125122366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this case study is to evaluate the impact of classified online ads available to shoppers for their convenience and to examine their buying behavior in Karachi. In this study sample size of 270 respondents has been taken by using a convenient sampling technique. Internet is a feasible option of buying products so, the variables used in this study as an independent variable are usability, interactivity, trust, marketing mix, aesthetics, and the dependent variable is consumer buying behavior. Factor analysis, Regression analysis and Reliability analysis are the statistical methods used in this study to analyze the results. Results show that usability, interactivity, trust and marketing mix has a positive impact on consumer buying behavior while classified ads webs are weak in the aesthetics area and also lacking in retaining consumer interests in purchasing. After including demographics variables and excluding the limitation of this study for a specific area, a researcher could expedite research from a new perspective. The findings of this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge as it is the first case study that targets the online medium of purchase in the context of Karachi.
{"title":"Online classified Advertisements & consumer Buying Behavior: A case of analyzing the behavior of Karachi Buyers towards “OLX”","authors":"Asim Rafiq","doi":"10.33317/SSURJ.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/SSURJ.184","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this case study is to evaluate the impact of classified online ads available to shoppers for their convenience and to examine their buying behavior in Karachi. In this study sample size of 270 respondents has been taken by using a convenient sampling technique. Internet is a feasible option of buying products so, the variables used in this study as an independent variable are usability, interactivity, trust, marketing mix, aesthetics, and the dependent variable is consumer buying behavior. Factor analysis, Regression analysis and Reliability analysis are the statistical methods used in this study to analyze the results. Results show that usability, interactivity, trust and marketing mix has a positive impact on consumer buying behavior while classified ads webs are weak in the aesthetics area and also lacking in retaining consumer interests in purchasing. After including demographics variables and excluding the limitation of this study for a specific area, a researcher could expedite research from a new perspective. The findings of this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge as it is the first case study that targets the online medium of purchase in the context of Karachi.","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124813552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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