Artificial intelligence now days are mainly dependent on deep learning techniques as it is rapidly growing and capable to outperform other approaches and even human at various problems. Intelligently utilizing resources that meets the growing need of demanding services as well as user behavior is the future of wireless communication systems. Autonomous learning of wireless environment at run time by reconfiguring its operating mode that maximize its utility, cognitive radio (CR) can be programmed and configured dynamically and their utility maximization inside a building is a challenging task. Re-configurability and perception are the key features of cognitive radio while latest machine learning techniques like deep learning is used for system adaptation. In this paper an adaptive model to enhanced cognitive radio utilization to be maximized is proposed, that is, Particle swarm optimization (PSO) in combination with Gradient-method and intends to maximize the utility of CR. For this purpose the primary objective is allocation of optimum powers to base stations (BSs), which is achieved in an iterative manner keeping in view power constraints. A novel Distributed power PSOGradient Algorithm (DPPGA) is introduced, which assures utility maximization under network power constraints. The information regarding utility and interference of an individual BS is available to all of BSs, which is a key parameter, exploited in the proposed algorithm. Simulations are carried out by considering different scenarios and results are compared with existing algorithms. The performance of proposed algorithm is remarkable.
{"title":"Intra-Net Cognitive Radio Intelligent Utility Maximization using Adaptive PSO-Gradient Algorithm","authors":"Imranullah Khan","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.186","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence now days are mainly dependent on deep learning techniques as it is rapidly growing and capable to outperform other approaches and even human at various problems. Intelligently utilizing resources that meets the growing need of demanding services as well as user behavior is the future of wireless communication systems. Autonomous learning of wireless environment at run time by reconfiguring its operating mode that maximize its utility, cognitive radio (CR) can be programmed and configured dynamically and their utility maximization inside a building is a challenging task. Re-configurability and perception are the key features of cognitive radio while latest machine learning techniques like deep learning is used for system adaptation. In this paper an adaptive model to enhanced cognitive radio utilization to be maximized is proposed, that is, Particle swarm optimization (PSO) in combination with Gradient-method and intends to maximize the utility of CR. For this purpose the primary objective is allocation of optimum powers to base stations (BSs), which is achieved in an iterative manner keeping in view power constraints. A novel Distributed power PSOGradient Algorithm (DPPGA) is introduced, which assures utility maximization under network power constraints. The information regarding utility and interference of an individual BS is available to all of BSs, which is a key parameter, exploited in the proposed algorithm. Simulations are carried out by considering different scenarios and results are compared with existing algorithms. The performance of proposed algorithm is remarkable.","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"831 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123288412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The propagation of microwave (MW) of frequencies above 300 MHz is affected by the existence and properties of the atmospheric duct. Atmospheric ducts exist in many areas of the world ocean, including the Arabian Sea. Located in the Hadley Cell and monsoon region, different seasons bring air masses of different properties into the area under investigation, which has a significant impact on the formation and strength of the atmospheric duct. In this paper, we have done the modeling to analyze the patterns of electromagnetic ducting, which is significant in the southern region of Pakistan in the Arabian Sea. To analyze the real-time scenario, data were collected from three different areas off the southern coast of Pakistan in the northern Arabian Sea to observe the electromagnetic wave's effect on the evaporation ducts. Our analysis results reveal that rising temperature plays a significant role where ducts occur above 30% in the summer months and less than 7% in the spring, autumn, and winter months. It is due to an increase in temperature, especially in summer and autumn months, where humidity gradients play an essential role in creating a higher frequency of duct. The same observations were simulated to view the time analysis of pressure, humidity, and potential temperature in this region, depending upon the refractive index.
{"title":"Effects of Rising Temperature on Microwave Communications in Ducting Environment over the Southern Region of Pakistan in the Northern Arabian Sea","authors":"Imranullah Khan","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.175","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation of microwave (MW) of frequencies above 300 MHz is affected by the existence and properties of the atmospheric duct. Atmospheric ducts exist in many areas of the world ocean, including the Arabian Sea. Located in the Hadley Cell and monsoon region, different seasons bring air masses of different properties into the area under investigation, which has a significant impact on the formation and strength of the atmospheric duct. In this paper, we have done the modeling to analyze the patterns of electromagnetic ducting, which is significant in the southern region of Pakistan in the Arabian Sea. To analyze the real-time scenario, data were collected from three different areas off the southern coast of Pakistan in the northern Arabian Sea to observe the electromagnetic wave's effect on the evaporation ducts. Our analysis results reveal that rising temperature plays a significant role where ducts occur above 30% in the summer months and less than 7% in the spring, autumn, and winter months. It is due to an increase in temperature, especially in summer and autumn months, where humidity gradients play an essential role in creating a higher frequency of duct. The same observations were simulated to view the time analysis of pressure, humidity, and potential temperature in this region, depending upon the refractive index.","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128289647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Adnan Shah, M. Khan, Ikramullah Qayuum, M. Ashar
The life of the inhabitants of the globe is greatly dependant on water. Providing portable water to communities is of prime interest. Scarcity of water is a threat in near future in Pakistan. There is a need to search for alternate sources of water to fulfil the community requirement. Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) system is a better alternative. Keeping in view the vast application of this system, it is adopted as an alternative source of water in a village of Abbottabad city where there is scarcity of water. According to Public Health Engineering Department (PHED), the currently available gravity system and three tube wells are not sufficient to supply water to all the population. For this study, first, the rainfall data is collected and then by using the principle of rainwater harvesting system, the quantity of available water is calculated. The calculations were made using SCS curve number method using mean monthly rainfall depth. From calculation, we found that not only for current population but for population in 2028 can also be served by storing the water that we get from Rainwater Harvesting system if stored in a reservoir. But after 20 years i.e. in 2038, there will be deficiency of 146, 449 gallons per day of water for entire community which can easily be arranged from a small tube well. Therefore, on the basis of this study, it was recommended to the PHED of Abbottabad city to store the rainwater in a reservoir so that it can be easily utilised.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM","authors":"Syed Adnan Shah, M. Khan, Ikramullah Qayuum, M. Ashar","doi":"10.33317/SSURJ.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/SSURJ.132","url":null,"abstract":"The life of the inhabitants of the globe is greatly dependant on water. Providing portable water to communities is of prime interest. Scarcity of water is a threat in near future in Pakistan. There is a need to search for alternate sources of water to fulfil the community requirement. Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) system is a better alternative. Keeping in view the vast application of this system, it is adopted as an alternative source of water in a village of Abbottabad city where there is scarcity of water. According to Public Health Engineering Department (PHED), the currently available gravity system and three tube wells are not sufficient to supply water to all the population. For this study, first, the rainfall data is collected and then by using the principle of rainwater harvesting system, the quantity of available water is calculated. The calculations were made using SCS curve number method using mean monthly rainfall depth. From calculation, we found that not only for current population but for population in 2028 can also be served by storing the water that we get from Rainwater Harvesting system if stored in a reservoir. But after 20 years i.e. in 2038, there will be deficiency of 146, 449 gallons per day of water for entire community which can easily be arranged from a small tube well. Therefore, on the basis of this study, it was recommended to the PHED of Abbottabad city to store the rainwater in a reservoir so that it can be easily utilised.","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"505 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133489134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper has been endeavoring to enforce modern technique in the field of electronics. It is focused on a 6Degree of Freedom (DOF) and an under actuated system. For the underwater controlling and modeling of the vehicle, it has used an Internet Protocol (IP) camera for underwater surveillance. The most important task which the project will do is that it has an image processing feature that will enable the vehicle to find and detect lost or floating objects and picked it out through robotic arm. The Sonar sensor shows the depth of the vehicle and the distance from objects and the barometer shows the surrounding pressure, temperature and altitude of the vehicle. The real time controlling is carried out with the prototype and the results shows that the system is fully capable of accomplishing tasks such as wireless communication, object detection, object recovery and can detect major environmental changes such as pressure, temperature, obstacle avoidance and other real time information processing effectively and efficiently. This report has been so devised to be of special value to research organizations. It introduces a model for simulation and control purpose. The Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicles (ROVs) are remote control underwater robots, driven by an individual on the surface. The whole system model is discussed and finally the results are conveyed.
{"title":"Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle with Robotic Gripper","authors":"Huzefa Juzer","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.200","url":null,"abstract":"This paper has been endeavoring to enforce modern technique in the field of electronics. It is focused on a 6Degree of Freedom (DOF) and an under actuated system. For the underwater controlling and modeling of the vehicle, it has used an Internet Protocol (IP) camera for underwater surveillance. The most important task which the project will do is that it has an image processing feature that will enable the vehicle to find and detect lost or floating objects and picked it out through robotic arm. The Sonar sensor shows the depth of the vehicle and the distance from objects and the barometer shows the surrounding pressure, temperature and altitude of the vehicle. The real time controlling is carried out with the prototype and the results shows that the system is fully capable of accomplishing tasks such as wireless communication, object detection, object recovery and can detect major environmental changes such as pressure, temperature, obstacle avoidance and other real time information processing effectively and efficiently. This report has been so devised to be of special value to research organizations. It introduces a model for simulation and control purpose. The Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicles (ROVs) are remote control underwater robots, driven by an individual on the surface. The whole system model is discussed and finally the results are conveyed.","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115662928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper primarily focuses on water pumpirrigation by operating the three phase induction motor, usingphotovoltaic supply. In many far away regions, mainly invillages, the main hindrance in agricultural production is the soledependence on electricity. Up till now, solar application employedfor DC motors throughout the world because of its simplicity andtorque controlling techniques. In addition to it, regularmaintenance of brushes and commutator is mandatory. Also it isnot possible to replace all, already installed three phase inductionmotors with DC motors. A three phase induction motor with thehelp of inverter performs robustly. The primary goal of thispaper is to study a DC-DC converter and DC-three phaseinverter, to integrate three phase induction motor. Theexploratory results satisfied the targets as it was effectivelymanaged as a water pump with optimal efficiency and cost, usingthree phase induction motor
{"title":"Techno-economic Study for Water Pumping by Solar Power Driven Three Phase Induction Motor","authors":"M. Abdullah, A. H. Naqvi","doi":"10.33317/SSURJ.V1I1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/SSURJ.V1I1.112","url":null,"abstract":"The paper primarily focuses on water pumpirrigation by operating the three phase induction motor, usingphotovoltaic supply. In many far away regions, mainly invillages, the main hindrance in agricultural production is the soledependence on electricity. Up till now, solar application employedfor DC motors throughout the world because of its simplicity andtorque controlling techniques. In addition to it, regularmaintenance of brushes and commutator is mandatory. Also it isnot possible to replace all, already installed three phase inductionmotors with DC motors. A three phase induction motor with thehelp of inverter performs robustly. The primary goal of thispaper is to study a DC-DC converter and DC-three phaseinverter, to integrate three phase induction motor. Theexploratory results satisfied the targets as it was effectivelymanaged as a water pump with optimal efficiency and cost, usingthree phase induction motor","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123020912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapid growth in advance technologies haschanged the life of sales force. Sales Force Automation (SFA) ismarketing tool which provides the functions to sales team andmanagers to monitor sales, forecast sales and analyze employeeperformance. Acceptance of the SFA tools such as phone, pagers,wireless devices etc., in sales tasks will remain an issue for salesforce. Researcher wants to investigate the impact of SFA systemon performance of salesman from Pakistani Fast MovingConsumer Goods (FMCG) perspective. They have selected 162salespersons from Lahore based companies (who are usingautomated sales devices), and sample size and MANOVA(Multivariate Analysis of Variance) were utilized to find out therelationship between independent and dependent variables. Ithas found that SFA system has positive relationship withimprovement in performance and sales of salesforce.
{"title":"Impact of Sales Force Automation System on Performance of Salesman: Pakistani Companies’ Perspective","authors":"Adeel Naqvi, Imad-ud-din Akber","doi":"10.33317/SSURJ.V1I1.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/SSURJ.V1I1.111","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid growth in advance technologies haschanged the life of sales force. Sales Force Automation (SFA) ismarketing tool which provides the functions to sales team andmanagers to monitor sales, forecast sales and analyze employeeperformance. Acceptance of the SFA tools such as phone, pagers,wireless devices etc., in sales tasks will remain an issue for salesforce. Researcher wants to investigate the impact of SFA systemon performance of salesman from Pakistani Fast MovingConsumer Goods (FMCG) perspective. They have selected 162salespersons from Lahore based companies (who are usingautomated sales devices), and sample size and MANOVA(Multivariate Analysis of Variance) were utilized to find out therelationship between independent and dependent variables. Ithas found that SFA system has positive relationship withimprovement in performance and sales of salesforce.","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"329 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134430033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, the low power design requirement forthe communication equipment is becoming essential for greencommunication systems. The Ethernet Media Access Controller(EMAC) is an important source interfacing the physical devices.However, the high-speed data operation consumes an enormouspower. This limits the performance of existing Ethernet MediaAccess Controllers in real-time. In this work, a novel low powerdesign of 40G EMAC is developed using Hyper TransportProtocol (HTP) IO standard technique. The designed 40G EMACis developed using Xilinx and tested for high frequencies of 5THz, 10 THz, and 15 THz. The developed 40G EMAC using HTPIO standard is consuming less power for THz frequencies. It isalso demonstrated that 70% power reduction is archived for5THz, and for 10 THz and 15 THz, 69% and 68/% powerreduction is attained respectively for 40G HTP based EMAC.The developed EMAC can be used in existing communicationsystem in order to make the green networking.
{"title":"Low Power Design of 40 Gigabit Ethernet Media Access Controller Using Hyper Transport Protocol IO Standard","authors":"B. Das","doi":"10.33317/SSURJ.V1I1.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/SSURJ.V1I1.105","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the low power design requirement forthe communication equipment is becoming essential for greencommunication systems. The Ethernet Media Access Controller(EMAC) is an important source interfacing the physical devices.However, the high-speed data operation consumes an enormouspower. This limits the performance of existing Ethernet MediaAccess Controllers in real-time. In this work, a novel low powerdesign of 40G EMAC is developed using Hyper TransportProtocol (HTP) IO standard technique. The designed 40G EMACis developed using Xilinx and tested for high frequencies of 5THz, 10 THz, and 15 THz. The developed 40G EMAC using HTPIO standard is consuming less power for THz frequencies. It isalso demonstrated that 70% power reduction is archived for5THz, and for 10 THz and 15 THz, 69% and 68/% powerreduction is attained respectively for 40G HTP based EMAC.The developed EMAC can be used in existing communicationsystem in order to make the green networking.","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"2004 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128750244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. F. Jafri, Khawaja Sheeraz, Zubair Iqbal Rao, G. Pirzada
Based on the statistical evaluation of accidents, the construction industry on an overall basis is full of dangers and risk oriented. The natures of the activities involved become hazardous when compliance with the safety rules and regulations are not properly followed, as a result high rates of accidents occur on the construction sites. In the metropolitan city of Karachi, Pakistan, a poor safety record has been observed in the construction industry. The primary reason existing for this situation is a non-preventive construction safety practice during execution of the projects. The secondary causes are dependent on the lack of resources, skills and interest of the concerned public sector agencies in enforcing the safety protocol regulations for the construction sites. In-addition, this situation also arises due to the lack of training in construction practices, child labor and a minimum awareness about the safety rules and regulations concerned with working on the construction sites. This necessitated a need to embark on a program of collecting data in connection with the accidents occurring on construction sites in Karachi; a six months program involving Construction Site Accidents (CSA) was accomplished. This involved different districts of Karachi region to be included in this study. In particular, CSA contributory factors relating to skilled, semi-skilled, and non-skilled labors were evaluated and marginalized. Through this study, it will be shown how by properly implementing the safety and operational measures, based on statistical conclusions, the rate of accidents can be significantly reduced. Index Terms— Construction, Construction Site Accidents (CSA), Safety, Labor, Construction Industry.
{"title":"Construction Practices in Karachi Featuring Town Wise Study: Non-Compliance of Safety Measures and Consequences","authors":"S. F. Jafri, Khawaja Sheeraz, Zubair Iqbal Rao, G. Pirzada","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.v8iii.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.v8iii.87","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the statistical evaluation of accidents, the construction industry on an overall basis is full of dangers and risk oriented. The natures of the activities involved become hazardous when compliance with the safety rules and regulations are not properly followed, as a result high rates of accidents occur on the construction sites. In the metropolitan city of Karachi, Pakistan, a poor safety record has been observed in the construction industry. The primary reason existing for this situation is a non-preventive construction safety practice during execution of the projects. The secondary causes are dependent on the lack of resources, skills and interest of the concerned public sector agencies in enforcing the safety protocol regulations for the construction sites. In-addition, this situation also arises due to the lack of training in construction practices, child labor and a minimum awareness about the safety rules and regulations concerned with working on the construction sites. \u0000This necessitated a need to embark on a program of collecting data in connection with the accidents occurring on construction sites in Karachi; a six months program involving Construction Site Accidents (CSA) was accomplished. This involved different districts of Karachi region to be included in this study. In particular, CSA contributory factors relating to skilled, semi-skilled, and non-skilled labors were evaluated and marginalized. Through this study, it will be shown how by properly implementing the safety and operational measures, based on statistical conclusions, the rate of accidents can be significantly reduced. \u0000 \u0000Index Terms— Construction, Construction Site Accidents (CSA), Safety, Labor, Construction Industry.","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127709770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Khan, K. Ullah, Mahvash Arsalan Lodhi, Sadaqat Ali Khan Bangash
Tremendous proliferation in data generation in the past few years has paved the way for new research and the development of new and improved techniques and algorithms in different fields of science and education. Initially terms like educational data mining emerged as a branch of data mining borrowing techniques from its ancestor. The challenges brought about by this large and heterogeneous data are diverse and needs a greater serious technical treatment. New and emerging fields like learning analytics have been introduced to manage the complexities of this data deluge. Learning analytics deals with data in the context of learner and the learning environment to improve the overall learning experience. The ultimate aim of the field is to make use of the data about learners and their environments to gain insights into the learning process using some of the well-known techniques and algorithms from the fields of data mining and machine learning. The process involves collecting, analysis of data and reporting the results to understand and optimize the learning experience. The fields of data mining and academic analytics closely related to learning analytics. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is a robust, organized and rigorous literature review and reporting process aimed at identifying, collecting and synthesizing the relevant literature on a research question according to specified criteria. The process is more unbiased and balanced by systematic sequence of steps. This paper presents a systematic literature review by first developing the systematic literature review protocol and then discussing the main findings of the literature review by especially focusing on the applications and uses of machine learning and data mining techniques in the domain of learning analytics. Index Terms—Systematic Literature Review (SLR), Learning Analytics (LA), Big Data, Educational Data Mining (EDM), Machine Learning (ML).
{"title":"Learning Analytics: A Data Mining and Machine Learning Perspective","authors":"S. Khan, K. Ullah, Mahvash Arsalan Lodhi, Sadaqat Ali Khan Bangash","doi":"10.33317/SSURJ.V8III.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/SSURJ.V8III.90","url":null,"abstract":"Tremendous proliferation in data generation in the past few years has paved the way for new research and the development of new and improved techniques and algorithms in different fields of science and education. Initially terms like educational data mining emerged as a branch of data mining borrowing techniques from its ancestor. The challenges brought about by this large and heterogeneous data are diverse and needs a greater serious technical treatment. New and emerging fields like learning analytics have been introduced to manage the complexities of this data deluge. Learning analytics deals with data in the context of learner and the learning environment to improve the overall learning experience. The ultimate aim of the field is to make use of the data about learners and their environments to gain insights into the learning process using some of the well-known techniques and algorithms from the fields of data mining and machine learning. The process involves collecting, analysis of data and reporting the results to understand and optimize the learning experience. The fields of data mining and academic analytics closely related to learning analytics. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is a robust, organized and rigorous literature review and reporting process aimed at identifying, collecting and synthesizing the relevant literature on a research question according to specified criteria. The process is more unbiased and balanced by systematic sequence of steps. This paper presents a systematic literature review by first developing the systematic literature review protocol and then discussing the main findings of the literature review by especially focusing on the applications and uses of machine learning and data mining techniques in the domain of learning analytics. \u0000 \u0000Index Terms—Systematic Literature Review (SLR), Learning Analytics (LA), Big Data, Educational Data Mining (EDM), Machine Learning (ML).","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124112542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an automated multiple color making system. The various stages of work operations included in the adaptation of manually operated color mixing systems towards fully automated multiple colors making system. The proposed system can extract color features of an image and returns the intensities of Red, Green and Blue colors for a specified pixel in the given image. Since RGB Color Model is used for digital communications like televisions and computer monitors, and CMYK Color Model is used for printing and painting. So, for mixing purpose; the intensities of RGB are then converted into the intensities of Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black colors which then further converted into the form of electrical signals. Generally, from three primary colors CMY, a wide range of colors will be made with different proportions. The electrical signals will then be transmitted serially to our Logic Controller for mixing process, that sense the level of primary colors to be mixed and then mix colors proportionally in a container accordingly up to a fixed level in order to make different multiple colors of fixed quantity. Simulation results shows that the proposed methodology removes the chances like variation in quantity or inaccuracy which happened with the manually color sensing and mixing. It reduces the labor efforts and makes 7% more accurate with minimum error and achieve good retrieval performance. Index Terms— Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Python Image Library (PIL), Color Histogram, RGB / CMYK Color Model, Features Extraction Techniques.
{"title":"Multiple Colors Making System Using PLC","authors":"L. Farhi, Z. Ali, S. Zia","doi":"10.33317/SSURJ.V8III.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/SSURJ.V8III.88","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an automated multiple color making system. The various stages of work operations included in the adaptation of manually operated color mixing systems towards fully automated multiple colors making system. The proposed system can extract color features of an image and returns the intensities of Red, Green and Blue colors for a specified pixel in the given image. Since RGB Color Model is used for digital communications like televisions and computer monitors, and CMYK Color Model is used for printing and painting. So, for mixing purpose; the intensities of RGB are then converted into the intensities of Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black colors which then further converted into the form of electrical signals. Generally, from three primary colors CMY, a wide range of colors will be made with different proportions. The electrical signals will then be transmitted serially to our Logic Controller for mixing process, that sense the level of primary colors to be mixed and then mix colors proportionally in a container accordingly up to a fixed level in order to make different multiple colors of fixed quantity. Simulation results shows that the proposed methodology removes the chances like variation in quantity or inaccuracy which happened with the manually color sensing and mixing. It reduces the labor efforts and makes 7% more accurate with minimum error and achieve good retrieval performance. \u0000 \u0000Index Terms— Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Python Image Library (PIL), Color Histogram, RGB / CMYK Color Model, Features Extraction Techniques.","PeriodicalId":341241,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122422041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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