Enbo Zhu, Yan-Ruide Li, Samuel Margolis, Jing Wang, Kaidong Wang, Yaran Zhang, Shaolei Wang, Jongchan Park, Charlie Zheng, Lili Yang, Alison Chu, Yuhua Zhang, Liang Gao, Tzung K. Hsiai
Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) introduces fast scanning of biological phenomena with deep photon penetration and minimal phototoxicity. This advancement represents a significant shift in 3-D imaging of large-scale biological tissues and 4-D (space + time) imaging of small live animals. The large data associated with LSFM require efficient imaging acquisition and analysis with the use of artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) algorithms. To this end, AI/ML-directed LSFM is an emerging area for multiorgan imaging and tumor diagnostics. This review will present the development of LSFM and highlight various LSFM configurations and designs for multiscale imaging. Optical clearance techniques will be compared for effective reduction in light scattering and optimal deep-tissue imaging. This review will further depict a diverse range of research and translational applications, from small live organisms to multiorgan imaging to tumor diagnosis. In addition, this review will address AI/ML-directed imaging reconstruction, including the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs). In summary, the advancements of LSFM have enabled effective and efficient post-imaging reconstruction and data analyses, underscoring LSFM's contribution to advancing fundamental and translational research.
{"title":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence-directed light-sheet microscopy for uncovering biological phenomena and multiorgan imaging","authors":"Enbo Zhu, Yan-Ruide Li, Samuel Margolis, Jing Wang, Kaidong Wang, Yaran Zhang, Shaolei Wang, Jongchan Park, Charlie Zheng, Lili Yang, Alison Chu, Yuhua Zhang, Liang Gao, Tzung K. Hsiai","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230087","url":null,"abstract":"Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) introduces fast scanning of biological phenomena with deep photon penetration and minimal phototoxicity. This advancement represents a significant shift in 3-D imaging of large-scale biological tissues and 4-D (space + time) imaging of small live animals. The large data associated with LSFM require efficient imaging acquisition and analysis with the use of artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) algorithms. To this end, AI/ML-directed LSFM is an emerging area for multiorgan imaging and tumor diagnostics. This review will present the development of LSFM and highlight various LSFM configurations and designs for multiscale imaging. Optical clearance techniques will be compared for effective reduction in light scattering and optimal deep-tissue imaging. This review will further depict a diverse range of research and translational applications, from small live organisms to multiorgan imaging to tumor diagnosis. In addition, this review will address AI/ML-directed imaging reconstruction, including the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs). In summary, the advancements of LSFM have enabled effective and efficient post-imaging reconstruction and data analyses, underscoring LSFM's contribution to advancing fundamental and translational research.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongru Ai, Yitan Zou, Xinya Zheng, Guangyao Li, Changhai Lei, Wenyan Fu, Shi Hu
Exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles identified by electron microscopy in 1946. They are approximately 30–150 nm in size. Originally, exosomes were thought to be used to eliminate excess components from cells to maintain their normal physiology. Later, it was found that the function and targeting of specific cellular components in exosomes have important implications for the regulation of cellular communication. In the last few years, exosomes have been linked to tumors, infections, and other diseases. New advances in cancer immunotherapy have occurred as a result of the identification of exosomes of immune cell origin, expanding the existing anticancer immune response. This article details exosomes derived from dendritic cells, T lymphocytes (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CAR-T cells), natural killer cells, and their promising applications in tumor therapy.
外泌体是 1946 年通过电子显微镜确定的纳米级膜囊泡。它们的大小约为 30-150 纳米。最初，外泌体被认为用于清除细胞中多余的成分，以维持细胞的正常生理功能。后来，人们发现外泌体中特定细胞成分的功能和靶向性对细胞通讯的调节有重要影响。最近几年，外泌体与肿瘤、感染和其他疾病有了联系。由于发现了免疫细胞来源的外泌体，癌症免疫疗法取得了新的进展，扩大了现有的抗癌免疫反应。本文详细介绍了源自树突状细胞、T 淋巴细胞（CD4+ T 细胞、CD8+ T 细胞和 CAR-T 细胞）、自然杀伤细胞的外泌体及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用前景。
{"title":"Exosomes of immune cell origin and their therapeutic potential for tumors","authors":"Hongru Ai, Yitan Zou, Xinya Zheng, Guangyao Li, Changhai Lei, Wenyan Fu, Shi Hu","doi":"10.1002/viw.20240029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20240029","url":null,"abstract":"Exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles identified by electron microscopy in 1946. They are approximately 30–150 nm in size. Originally, exosomes were thought to be used to eliminate excess components from cells to maintain their normal physiology. Later, it was found that the function and targeting of specific cellular components in exosomes have important implications for the regulation of cellular communication. In the last few years, exosomes have been linked to tumors, infections, and other diseases. New advances in cancer immunotherapy have occurred as a result of the identification of exosomes of immune cell origin, expanding the existing anticancer immune response. This article details exosomes derived from dendritic cells, T lymphocytes (CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, and CAR-T cells), natural killer cells, and their promising applications in tumor therapy.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently, one in three adults worldwide may be obese or overweight. Obesity is characterized by an excess of energy-storing white fat. An ingenious and sought-after strategy against obesity is to activate energy-consuming beige fat, which is converted from white fat or brown fat. However, existing tools for assessing brown or beige fat activation in vivo have certain limitations, such as being cumbersome and expensive. Optical imaging is a relatively straightforward and economical imaging technique that utilizes light to peer into the structural–functional information of living organisms at multiple scales. Despite the availability of various optical imaging modalities for detecting brown or beige fat, there is a dearth of literature summarizing relevant studies. Accordingly, this review focuses on these optical modalities and elaborates on their imaging principles, characteristics, and recent research advances in the detection of brown or beige fat. Their imaging targets, advantages, and disadvantages are further concluded. As a methodological reference, this review can guide the selection of optimal optical modalities to noninvasively profile brown or beige fat activation from a specific biological perspective, maximizing the potential of optical imaging in anti-obesity assessment.
{"title":"Optical imaging for brown or beige adipose tissue","authors":"Jiamin Liu, Linjie Ni, Minmin Peng, Yiying Liang, Chan Lu, Hanying Zheng, Zicheng Huang, Jinde Zhang, Ronghe Chen","doi":"10.1002/viw.20240022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20240022","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, one in three adults worldwide may be obese or overweight. Obesity is characterized by an excess of energy-storing white fat. An ingenious and sought-after strategy against obesity is to activate energy-consuming beige fat, which is converted from white fat or brown fat. However, existing tools for assessing brown or beige fat activation in vivo have certain limitations, such as being cumbersome and expensive. Optical imaging is a relatively straightforward and economical imaging technique that utilizes light to peer into the structural–functional information of living organisms at multiple scales. Despite the availability of various optical imaging modalities for detecting brown or beige fat, there is a dearth of literature summarizing relevant studies. Accordingly, this review focuses on these optical modalities and elaborates on their imaging principles, characteristics, and recent research advances in the detection of brown or beige fat. Their imaging targets, advantages, and disadvantages are further concluded. As a methodological reference, this review can guide the selection of optimal optical modalities to noninvasively profile brown or beige fat activation from a specific biological perspective, maximizing the potential of optical imaging in anti-obesity assessment.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoyun Qin, Dongyang Li, Xiaomei Qin, Fenghua Chen, Huishi Guo, Yanghai Gui, Jianbo Zhao, Liying Jiang, Dan Luo
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of cardiovascular disease-related death. It is essential for patients with cardiovascular disease to receive an early diagnosis of AMI. The most popular technique for the early detection of AMI is the use of biosensors to monitor the concentration of pertinent biomarkers, such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI), in the blood. The electrochemical detection methods hold great promise because of their simplicity, miniaturization, ease of integration, high sensitivity, and rapid response. The prime motive of this review is to present a comprehensive understanding of the pros and cons of methodologies employed for the electrochemical approaches toward the detection of cTnI. A detailed summary is provided for the immunosensors, aptamer sensors, molecular imprinting sensors, and peptide sensors based on various affinity elements. We enumerate the modified electrode materials for electrochemical sensors as well as popular detection techniques. Furthermore, this paper reviews some recent significant advances in point-of-care assays for rapid, accurate detection of cTnI as a smart integrated device for home monitoring. The accumulation of knowledge about these functions will lead to new insights into and concepts for the design of portable miniature sensors for cardiovascular patients at risk of AMI. It is anticipated that the interdisciplinary collaboration can bring more enlightenment to the progress of cardiac biomarkers sensor in the future.
急性心肌梗死（AMI）是心血管疾病相关死亡的主要原因。对心血管疾病患者来说，早期诊断急性心肌梗死至关重要。早期检测急性心肌梗死最常用的技术是使用生物传感器监测血液中相关生物标志物（如心肌肌钙蛋白 I (cTnI)）的浓度。电化学检测方法因其简便、微型化、易于集成、灵敏度高和反应迅速而大有可为。本综述的主要目的是全面介绍检测 cTnI 的电化学方法的优缺点。我们详细总结了基于各种亲和元素的免疫传感器、适配体传感器、分子印迹传感器和肽传感器。我们列举了用于电化学传感器的改性电极材料以及流行的检测技术。此外，本文还回顾了近期在床旁检测方面取得的一些重大进展，这些检测方法可快速、准确地检测 cTnI，是一种用于家庭监测的智能集成设备。有关这些功能的知识积累将为针对有急性心肌梗死风险的心血管病人设计便携式微型传感器提供新的见解和概念。预计跨学科合作将为未来心脏生物标志物传感器的发展带来更多启迪。
{"title":"Electrochemical detection of the cardiac biomarker cardiac troponin I","authors":"Xiaoyun Qin, Dongyang Li, Xiaomei Qin, Fenghua Chen, Huishi Guo, Yanghai Gui, Jianbo Zhao, Liying Jiang, Dan Luo","doi":"10.1002/viw.20240025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20240025","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of cardiovascular disease-related death. It is essential for patients with cardiovascular disease to receive an early diagnosis of AMI. The most popular technique for the early detection of AMI is the use of biosensors to monitor the concentration of pertinent biomarkers, such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI), in the blood. The electrochemical detection methods hold great promise because of their simplicity, miniaturization, ease of integration, high sensitivity, and rapid response. The prime motive of this review is to present a comprehensive understanding of the pros and cons of methodologies employed for the electrochemical approaches toward the detection of cTnI. A detailed summary is provided for the immunosensors, aptamer sensors, molecular imprinting sensors, and peptide sensors based on various affinity elements. We enumerate the modified electrode materials for electrochemical sensors as well as popular detection techniques. Furthermore, this paper reviews some recent significant advances in point-of-care assays for rapid, accurate detection of cTnI as a smart integrated device for home monitoring. The accumulation of knowledge about these functions will lead to new insights into and concepts for the design of portable miniature sensors for cardiovascular patients at risk of AMI. It is anticipated that the interdisciplinary collaboration can bring more enlightenment to the progress of cardiac biomarkers sensor in the future.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Being able to quantify the phototoxicity of dyes and drugs in live cells allows biologists to better understand cell responses to exogenous stimuli during imaging. This capability further helps to design fluorescent labels with lower phototoxicity and drugs with better efficacy. Conventional ways to evaluate cellular phototoxicity rely on late-stage measurements of individual or different populations of cells. Here, we developed a quantitative method using intracellular microtubule polymerization as a rapid and sensitive marker to quantify early-stage phototoxicity. Implementing this method, we assessed the photosensitization induced by organelle dyes illuminated with different excitation wavelengths. Notably, fluorescent markers targeting mitochondria, nuclei, and endoplasmic reticulum exhibited diverse levels of phototoxicity. Furthermore, leveraging a real-time precision opto-control technology allowed us to evaluate the synergistic effect of light and dyes on specific organelles. Studies in hypoxia revealed enhanced phototoxicity of Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos that is not correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species but a different deleterious pathway in low oxygen conditions.
通过量化活细胞中染料和药物的光毒性，生物学家可以更好地了解细胞在成像过程中对外源刺激的反应。这种能力还有助于设计光毒性更低的荧光标签和药效更好的药物。评估细胞光毒性的传统方法依赖于对单个或不同细胞群的后期测量。在这里，我们开发了一种定量方法，利用细胞内微管聚合作为快速灵敏的标记来量化早期光毒性。利用这种方法，我们评估了细胞器染料在不同激发波长照射下诱导的光敏作用。值得注意的是，针对线粒体、细胞核和内质网的荧光标记表现出不同程度的光毒性。此外，利用实时精密光控技术，我们还能评估光和染料对特定细胞器的协同效应。在缺氧条件下进行的研究表明，Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos 的光毒性增强与活性氧的生成无关，而是与低氧条件下的不同有害途径有关。
{"title":"Quantification of cellular phototoxicity of organelle stains by the dynamics of microtubule polymerization","authors":"Shivam Mahapatra, Seohee Ma, Bin Dong, Chi Zhang","doi":"10.1002/viw.20240013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20240013","url":null,"abstract":"Being able to quantify the phototoxicity of dyes and drugs in live cells allows biologists to better understand cell responses to exogenous stimuli during imaging. This capability further helps to design fluorescent labels with lower phototoxicity and drugs with better efficacy. Conventional ways to evaluate cellular phototoxicity rely on late-stage measurements of individual or different populations of cells. Here, we developed a quantitative method using intracellular microtubule polymerization as a rapid and sensitive marker to quantify early-stage phototoxicity. Implementing this method, we assessed the photosensitization induced by organelle dyes illuminated with different excitation wavelengths. Notably, fluorescent markers targeting mitochondria, nuclei, and endoplasmic reticulum exhibited diverse levels of phototoxicity. Furthermore, leveraging a real-time precision opto-control technology allowed us to evaluate the synergistic effect of light and dyes on specific organelles. Studies in hypoxia revealed enhanced phototoxicity of Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos that is not correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species but a different deleterious pathway in low oxygen conditions.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weicheng Zhong, Hao Meng, Liqian Ma, Xizi Wan, Shengqiu Chen, Kui Ma, Lu Lu, Jianlong Su, Kailu Guo, Yufeng Jiang, Xi Liu, Xiaobing Fu, Cuiping Zhang
With the aging and obesity era, the increasing incidence of diabetes and diabetic complications, especially the non-healing wounds, imposes a serious economic burden on both patients and society. The complex microenvironments, including hyperglycemia, bacterial infection, ischemia, and nerve damage, lead to the prolonged inflammation and proliferation phase of diabetic wounds. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs), which contain a rich variety of therapeutic molecules, have been chased for decades because of their potential roles in cellular communication, tissue regeneration, and drug delivery. As powerful tools for the controlled-sustained release of sEVs, biocompatible hydrogels have been applied in a wide range of biomedical applications. Herein, we first summarize the pathological features of diabetic wounds, such as angiopathy, neuropathy, and immune cell dysfunction. Then, we discuss the biological properties, therapeutic performance, and stability of pure MSC-sEVs. After that, we discuss the components, application patterns, and responsiveness of hydrogels. Next, we discuss the loading avenues of MSC-sEVs into hydrogel, the release behaviors of sEVs from hydrogels, and the influence of the crosslinking method on the hydrogel-sEV composites. Finally, we provide an overview of the current applications of hydrogels loaded with MSC-sEVs as a novel cell-free tissue engineering system in managing diabetic wounds and propose the critical unsolved issues. This review is expected to provide meaningful guidance for developing a novel cell-free tissue engineering system for diabetic wound management.
{"title":"Hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles: A novel cell-free tissue engineering system for diabetic wound management","authors":"Weicheng Zhong, Hao Meng, Liqian Ma, Xizi Wan, Shengqiu Chen, Kui Ma, Lu Lu, Jianlong Su, Kailu Guo, Yufeng Jiang, Xi Liu, Xiaobing Fu, Cuiping Zhang","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230110","url":null,"abstract":"With the aging and obesity era, the increasing incidence of diabetes and diabetic complications, especially the non-healing wounds, imposes a serious economic burden on both patients and society. The complex microenvironments, including hyperglycemia, bacterial infection, ischemia, and nerve damage, lead to the prolonged inflammation and proliferation phase of diabetic wounds. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs), which contain a rich variety of therapeutic molecules, have been chased for decades because of their potential roles in cellular communication, tissue regeneration, and drug delivery. As powerful tools for the controlled-sustained release of sEVs, biocompatible hydrogels have been applied in a wide range of biomedical applications. Herein, we first summarize the pathological features of diabetic wounds, such as angiopathy, neuropathy, and immune cell dysfunction. Then, we discuss the biological properties, therapeutic performance, and stability of pure MSC-sEVs. After that, we discuss the components, application patterns, and responsiveness of hydrogels. Next, we discuss the loading avenues of MSC-sEVs into hydrogel, the release behaviors of sEVs from hydrogels, and the influence of the crosslinking method on the hydrogel-sEV composites. Finally, we provide an overview of the current applications of hydrogels loaded with MSC-sEVs as a novel cell-free tissue engineering system in managing diabetic wounds and propose the critical unsolved issues. This review is expected to provide meaningful guidance for developing a novel cell-free tissue engineering system for diabetic wound management.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141738512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cryptococcus is a family of strongly infectious pathogens that results in a wide variety of symptoms, particularly threatening the patients undergoing the immune-deficiency or medical treatment. Rapidly identifying Cryptococcus subtypes and accurately quantifying their contents remain urgent needs for infection control and timely therapy. However, traditional detection techniques heavily rely on expensive, specialized instruments, significantly compromising their applicability for large-scale population screening. In this work, we report a portable microwell array chip platform integrated with a deep learning-based image recognition program, which enables rapid, precise quantification of the specific subtypes of Cryptococcus. The platform features four zones of microwell arrays preloaded with the subtype-targeted CRISPR–Cas12a system that avoid dependence on slow, instrumental-mediated target amplification, achieving rapid (10 min), high specificity for identifying the sequence of Cryptococcus. The deep learning-based image recognition program utilizing segment anything model (SAM) significantly enhances automation and accuracy in identifying target concentrations, which eventually achieves ultra-low limit of detection (0.5 pM) by personal smartphones. This platform can be further customized to adapt to various scenarios in clinical settings.
{"title":"Deep learning-enhanced microwell array biochip for rapid and precise quantification of Cryptococcus subtypes","authors":"Yihang Tong, Yu Zeng, Yinuo Lu, Yemei Huang, Zhiyuan Jin, Zhiying Wang, Yusen Wang, Xuelei Zang, Lingqian Chang, Wei Mu, Xinying Xue, Zaizai Dong","doi":"10.1002/viw.20240032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20240032","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Cryptococcus</i> is a family of strongly infectious pathogens that results in a wide variety of symptoms, particularly threatening the patients undergoing the immune-deficiency or medical treatment. Rapidly identifying <i>Cryptococcus</i> subtypes and accurately quantifying their contents remain urgent needs for infection control and timely therapy. However, traditional detection techniques heavily rely on expensive, specialized instruments, significantly compromising their applicability for large-scale population screening. In this work, we report a portable microwell array chip platform integrated with a deep learning-based image recognition program, which enables rapid, precise quantification of the specific subtypes of <i>Cryptococcus</i>. The platform features four zones of microwell arrays preloaded with the subtype-targeted CRISPR–Cas12a system that avoid dependence on slow, instrumental-mediated target amplification, achieving rapid (10 min), high specificity for identifying the sequence of <i>Cryptococcus</i>. The deep learning-based image recognition program utilizing segment anything model (SAM) significantly enhances automation and accuracy in identifying target concentrations, which eventually achieves ultra-low limit of detection (0.5 pM) by personal smartphones. This platform can be further customized to adapt to various scenarios in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaodong Li, Chuanyuan Mao, Guantong Sun, Chen Zhao, Jingjing Dai, Fei Yang, Lei Wang, Xiaoqing Wang
The lack of a cure for osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent joint disease among older individuals, remains an ongoing challenge. Obesity is a common risk factor for OA. Chondrocyte autophagy plays a crucial role in delaying the onset of OA. Our previous studies have demonstrated a significant elevation in the levels of oleic acid (OLA) and linoleic acid (LA) in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with OA and obesity compared to those with OA alone, and an inhibitory effect of these molecules on the activation of autophagy. Accumulating evidence indicates a reciprocal regulatory relationship between autophagy and ciliogenesis; however, whether autophagy-mediated ciliogenesis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of OA remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine whether OLA and LA affect OA development via the regulation of chondrocyte autophagy-mediated ciliogenesis. We found that both molecules inhibited this process in chondrocytes. Moreover, intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased simultaneously. Further, we explored the relationship between autophagy and ciliogenesis in chondrocytes. Activation of autophagy by rapamycin significantly attenuated the ciliogenesis inhibition caused by OLA and LA. Importantly, the downregulation of AKT and mTOR expression in chondrocytes reversed the autophagy-mediated inhibition of ciliogenesis and the ROS-accumulation-mediated inflammation induced by OLA and LA. Taken together, our results suggest that OLA and LA induce calcium-overload-driven ROS accumulation via autophagy-mediated ciliogenic disorders during OA pathogenesis. These findings demonstrate that targeting autophagy and ciliogenesis in chondrocytes is a protective strategy in the OA pathogenesis induced by OLA and LA.
骨关节炎（OA）是老年人中普遍存在的一种关节疾病，其治疗方法的缺乏仍是一个持续的挑战。肥胖是导致 OA 的常见风险因素。软骨细胞自噬在延缓 OA 发病方面起着至关重要的作用。我们之前的研究表明，与单纯的 OA 患者相比，OA 和肥胖患者滑液中的油酸（OLA）和亚油酸（LA）水平明显升高，而且这些分子对自噬的激活有抑制作用。越来越多的证据表明，自噬和纤毛生成之间存在相互调控的关系；然而，自噬介导的纤毛生成是否在 OA 的发病机制中发挥重要作用仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们旨在确定OLA和LA是否通过调控软骨细胞自噬介导的纤毛生成来影响OA的发展。我们发现这两种分子都抑制了软骨细胞的这一过程。此外，细胞内钙和活性氧（ROS）水平同时升高。此外，我们还探讨了软骨细胞自噬与纤毛生成之间的关系。雷帕霉素对自噬的激活作用明显减轻了OLA和LA对纤毛生成的抑制作用。重要的是，下调软骨细胞中 AKT 和 mTOR 的表达可逆转自噬介导的纤毛生成抑制以及 OLA 和 LA 诱导的 ROS 积累介导的炎症。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，在 OA 发病过程中，OLA 和 LA 通过自噬介导的纤毛生成障碍诱导钙超载驱动的 ROS 积累。这些研究结果表明，针对软骨细胞中的自噬和纤毛生成是一种保护性策略，可防止 OLA 和 LA 诱导的 OA 发病。
{"title":"Oleic and linoleic acids induce oxidative stress in chondrocytes by inhibiting autophagy-regulated ciliogenesis","authors":"Xiaodong Li, Chuanyuan Mao, Guantong Sun, Chen Zhao, Jingjing Dai, Fei Yang, Lei Wang, Xiaoqing Wang","doi":"10.1002/viw.20240019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20240019","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of a cure for osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent joint disease among older individuals, remains an ongoing challenge. Obesity is a common risk factor for OA. Chondrocyte autophagy plays a crucial role in delaying the onset of OA. Our previous studies have demonstrated a significant elevation in the levels of oleic acid (OLA) and linoleic acid (LA) in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with OA and obesity compared to those with OA alone, and an inhibitory effect of these molecules on the activation of autophagy. Accumulating evidence indicates a reciprocal regulatory relationship between autophagy and ciliogenesis; however, whether autophagy-mediated ciliogenesis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of OA remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine whether OLA and LA affect OA development via the regulation of chondrocyte autophagy-mediated ciliogenesis. We found that both molecules inhibited this process in chondrocytes. Moreover, intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased simultaneously. Further, we explored the relationship between autophagy and ciliogenesis in chondrocytes. Activation of autophagy by rapamycin significantly attenuated the ciliogenesis inhibition caused by OLA and LA. Importantly, the downregulation of AKT and mTOR expression in chondrocytes reversed the autophagy-mediated inhibition of ciliogenesis and the ROS-accumulation-mediated inflammation induced by OLA and LA. Taken together, our results suggest that OLA and LA induce calcium-overload-driven ROS accumulation via autophagy-mediated ciliogenic disorders during OA pathogenesis. These findings demonstrate that targeting autophagy and ciliogenesis in chondrocytes is a protective strategy in the OA pathogenesis induced by OLA and LA.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past few decades, the number of patients with neurological diseases has increased significantly, posing huge challenges and opportunities for the development of brain imaging technology. As a hybrid imaging method combining optical excitation and acoustic detection techniques, photoacoustic tomography (PAT), has experienced rapid development, due to high optical contrast and spatial resolution at depth inside tissues. With the development of lasers, ultrasonic detectors, and data computations, PAT has been widely applied for the diagnosis of oncology, dermatosis, etc. However, the energy of light and ultrasound would be greatly attenuated while penetrating the skull, due to the reflection, absorption, and scattering effects, resulting in limited application of PAT in brain imaging. In this review, we summarized the achievements of PAT and its application in the detection of brain diseases including glioma, stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. Moreover, various PAT systems and multi-modality photoacoustic imaging are introduced for potential clinical applications. Finally, the challenges and current limitations of PAT for further brain imaging are also discussed.
过去几十年来，神经系统疾病患者人数大幅增加，这给脑成像技术的发展带来了巨大的挑战和机遇。光声断层成像（PAT）作为一种结合了光学激发和声学检测技术的混合成像方法，因其在组织内部深层具有较高的光学对比度和空间分辨率而得到了快速发展。随着激光、超声波探测器和数据计算技术的发展，光声断层扫描技术已广泛应用于肿瘤、皮肤病等的诊断。然而，由于反射、吸收和散射效应，光和超声波的能量在穿透颅骨时会被大幅衰减，导致 PAT 在脑成像中的应用受到限制。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 PAT 的成就及其在脑疾病检测中的应用，包括胶质瘤、中风、脑外伤、阿尔茨海默病、癫痫和帕金森病。此外，还介绍了各种 PAT 系统和多模态光声成像的潜在临床应用。最后，还讨论了 PAT 在进一步脑成像方面所面临的挑战和当前的局限性。
{"title":"Photoacoustic imaging in brain disorders: Current progress and clinical applications","authors":"Xiuyun Liu, Haodong Li, Meijun Pang, Jinzhen Liu, Xizi Song, Runnan He, Mengqi He, Xiqi Jian, Cheng Ma, Handi Deng, Yixuan Wu, Dong Ming","doi":"10.1002/viw.20240023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20240023","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, the number of patients with neurological diseases has increased significantly, posing huge challenges and opportunities for the development of brain imaging technology. As a hybrid imaging method combining optical excitation and acoustic detection techniques, photoacoustic tomography (PAT), has experienced rapid development, due to high optical contrast and spatial resolution at depth inside tissues. With the development of lasers, ultrasonic detectors, and data computations, PAT has been widely applied for the diagnosis of oncology, dermatosis, etc. However, the energy of light and ultrasound would be greatly attenuated while penetrating the skull, due to the reflection, absorption, and scattering effects, resulting in limited application of PAT in brain imaging. In this review, we summarized the achievements of PAT and its application in the detection of brain diseases including glioma, stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. Moreover, various PAT systems and multi-modality photoacoustic imaging are introduced for potential clinical applications. Finally, the challenges and current limitations of PAT for further brain imaging are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aljawharah A. Alsharif, Jesus M. Aviles, Felipe M. Zechel, Nouf A. Alsharif, Nazek El-Atab
Of significant interest are three-dimensional (3D) printed dry electrodes, a departure from traditional wet silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes. These innovative electrodes not only incorporate 3D printed personalized materials but also eliminate the need for electrolyte gel, which tends to dehydrate over time. Additionally, these electrodes boast unique attributes such as stretchability, deformability, biocompatibility, wearable comfort, and cost-effective manufacturing. While the advantages of dry electrodes are apparent, their performance optimization encounters challenges related to charge migration, particularly when scaled down to miniaturized dimensions, impacting biosignal detection. This study addresses these challenges by focusing on the development of scalable, stretchable, and highly deformable syringe-printed dry electrocardiogram (ECG) patches. The approach employs straightforward multi-material direct-ink-writing (DIW) techniques, realizing complete biopatches per print, resulting in a rapid and cost-effective fabrication process. The achieved printing resolution reaches up to 200 µm, and the conductivity of Ag/AgCl dry electrodes reaches approximately ∼ 5 × 104 S/m. This not only ensures scalability but also expands the applications of metal-based inks to various soft electronic devices, particularly in low-resource settings and environments.
{"title":"Multi-material direct-ink-writing of silver-based flexible and highly deformable dry electrocardiogram biopatches","authors":"Aljawharah A. Alsharif, Jesus M. Aviles, Felipe M. Zechel, Nouf A. Alsharif, Nazek El-Atab","doi":"10.1002/viw.20240008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20240008","url":null,"abstract":"Of significant interest are three-dimensional (3D) printed dry electrodes, a departure from traditional wet silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes. These innovative electrodes not only incorporate 3D printed personalized materials but also eliminate the need for electrolyte gel, which tends to dehydrate over time. Additionally, these electrodes boast unique attributes such as stretchability, deformability, biocompatibility, wearable comfort, and cost-effective manufacturing. While the advantages of dry electrodes are apparent, their performance optimization encounters challenges related to charge migration, particularly when scaled down to miniaturized dimensions, impacting biosignal detection. This study addresses these challenges by focusing on the development of scalable, stretchable, and highly deformable syringe-printed dry electrocardiogram (ECG) patches. The approach employs straightforward multi-material direct-ink-writing (DIW) techniques, realizing complete biopatches per print, resulting in a rapid and cost-effective fabrication process. The achieved printing resolution reaches up to 200 µm, and the conductivity of Ag/AgCl dry electrodes reaches approximately ∼ 5 × 10<sup>4</sup> S/m. This not only ensures scalability but also expands the applications of metal-based inks to various soft electronic devices, particularly in low-resource settings and environments.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141532230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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